257 lines
45 KiB
XML
257 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.016" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522801" approvalRequired="105" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="25" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="59" approvalRequired_for_treatments="21" checkinTime="1673382488781" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.2.341-424.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Elasmostemon paisii E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="378" masterDocId="FFC4FF8AFFFDFFEEFFBFFFFFC378FFA6" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="376" updateTime="1673383361075" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mendes, Mário Miguel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kvaček, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>78</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>341</mods:start>
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<mods:end>424</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2022.016</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7522801</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[148,702,1374,1430]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<heading centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<taxonomicName authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVACEK" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calycanthaceae" genus="Elasmostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paisii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[183,411,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Elasmostemon paisii</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVAČEK
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[617,702,1406,1430]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[304,547,1438,1462]" box="[304,547,1438,1462]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<figureCitation box="[304,472,1438,1462]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-figs 25a–h</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[483,547,1438,1462]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">26a–c</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[106,745,1485,1541]" box="[144,745,1485,1510]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">H o l o t y p e. S105281 (Catefica sample 151; figured</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[106,745,1485,1541]" box="[106,286,1517,1541]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<figureCitation box="[106,274,1517,1541]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-fig. 25d–h</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[106,745,1564,1620]" box="[144,745,1564,1589]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[106,745,1564,1620]" box="[106,432,1596,1620]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">PFN002793 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[144,745,1643,1668]" box="[144,745,1643,1668]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">P a r a t y p e s. S115859, S172560 (Catefica sample 49).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[106,745,1690,1779]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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R e p o s i t o r y. Palaeobotanical Collections, Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History,
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<collectingRegion box="[106,224,1754,1778]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[235,319,1754,1778]" name="Sweden" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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(S).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[106,745,1802,1890]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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E t y m o l o g y. In honor of Professor João Pais (1949 – 2016) for his contribution to the palaeobotany and geology of
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<collectingCountry box="[135,229,1866,1890]" name="Portugal" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[106,744,1911,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<materialsCitation country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" location="Catefica" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" specimenCount="1">
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Ty p e l o c a l i t y. Catefica (
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<geoCoordinate box="[447,585,1911,1937]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" precision="15" seconds="30" value="39.058334">39° 03ʹ30ʺ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate box="[593,732,1911,1937]" degrees="09" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-9.241667">09°14ʹ 30ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
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), between the villages of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8:8E8B603FFFDEFFCDFED7F866C2C7F817" box="[360,447,1945,1969]" country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" name="Catefica" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Catefica</location>
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and
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<collectingMunicipality box="[499,613,1945,1969]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Mugideira</collectingMunicipality>
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, about
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<quantity box="[690,744,1945,1969]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
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south of
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<collectingCounty box="[199,348,1977,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Torres Vedras</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[358,452,1977,2001]" name="Portugal" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[106,745,2024,2080]" box="[144,745,2024,2048]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. Almargem Formation,</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[106,745,2024,2080]" box="[106,533,2056,2080]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Early Cretaceous (Aptian-early Albian).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[858,1343,1374,1399]" box="[858,1343,1374,1399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">S p e c i f i c d i a g n o s i s.As for the genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[820,1458,1422,1478]" box="[858,1458,1422,1446]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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D i m e n s i o n s. Stamen fragments
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<quantity box="[1267,1399,1422,1446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.7 mm</quantity>
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long
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[820,1458,1422,1478]" box="[820,1271,1453,1478]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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(full length unknown);
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<quantity box="[1068,1196,1453,1477]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
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broad.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[820,1460,1501,2069]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. The material comprises two small stamen fragments (S105281 and S115859) that are about
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<quantity box="[1109,1243,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity box="[1370,1458,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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broad (
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<figureCitation box="[898,1071,1597,1621]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-fig. 25a, d</figureCitation>
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) and a larger fragment (S172560), about
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<quantity box="[892,978,1629,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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and
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<quantity box="[1042,1129,1629,1653]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
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broad (
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<figureCitation box="[1221,1395,1629,1653]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-fig. 26a–c</figureCitation>
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). The three fragments preserve different parts of the stamen, and apparently also slightly different developmental stages. They are treated here as a single species based on the stamen shape, the orientation and positioning of the narrow pollen sacs, and the shared in situ monocolpate, semitectatereticulate pollen (
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<figureCitation box="[1006,1177,1821,1845]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-figs 25a–h</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1188,1256,1821,1845]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">26a–c</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[820,1460,1501,2069]" lastBlockId="36.[843,1482,1727,2072]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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The stamens are broad, tetrasporangiate and dithecate, and abaxially-adaxially flattened. The stamen apex, preserved in specimens S115859 and S172560, is rounded without an apical extension (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1123,1267,1949,1973]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-figs 25a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1276,1319,1949,1973]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">26a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stamen base is not preserved in any of the specimens and the full length of the stamen is unknown. In specimen S115859 the marginal tissue appears to be abraded. The pollen sacs are arranged in two pairs on one surface of the stamen close to the stamen margins. It is unknown whether the pollen sacs are on the abaxial or adaxial stamen surface. The two pairs of pollen sacs are separated from each other by a broad zone of connective tissue but are oriented such that they converge and meet near the stamen apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[427,595,1887,1911]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">Text-fig. 25a, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dehiscence of the pollen sacs is longitudinal. In the two smaller fragments the thecae are not open, while in the larger specimen the thecae are dehisced with their walls curved back (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">Text-fig. 26a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larger cells, interpreted as ethereal oil cells, are closely spaced in the staminal tissue and particularly well-preserved in specimen S115859 as shallow depressions surrounded by several cells that produce rounded swellings (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">Text-fig. 25a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the other
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1017,1177,1791,1815]" pageId="36" pageNumber="377" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
these cells are obscured by poor preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522847/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="377" startId="36.[149,230,1459,1480]" targetBox="[148,1462,151,1443]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[149,1462,1459,1656]" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">
|
||
Text-fig. 22. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček, 2022" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[250,488,1489,1510]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="36" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[250,488,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[493,644,1489,1510]" pageId="36" pageNumber="377" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting axis bearing an elongated receptacle with numerous diamond-shaped scars from detached fruitlets; note the absence of scars from bracts, tepals or stamens at the transition to the fruitlet scars and the stalk (arrow); b) Group of ten fruitlets detached from fruiting axis in (a) showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells; c) Detached fruitlet showing apical stigmatic region; d) Volume rendering of three adhering fruits showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells. Specimens, Catefica MM75-P0477 (a, b), Catefica 49-S115852 (c), Catefica 50-S174907 (d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[843,1482,1727,2072]" lastBlockId="37.[106,745,1318,1950]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">
|
||
Mature pollen grains are exposed by fractures in the undehisced, smaller specimens. In the larger, dehisced specimen most of the pollen had been shed, but a group of grains, perhaps immature, remained attached to the inside of the anther wall. Pollen grains of specimen S115859 were described and figured earlier as Pollen
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1285,1331,2016,2040]" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">type</typeStatus>
|
||
D.8 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Friis, E. M. & Pedersen, K. R. & Crane, P. R." pageId="36" pageNumber="377" pagination="259 - 296" refId="ref56749" refString="Friis, E. M., Pedersen, K. R., Crane, P. R. (1999): Early angiosperm diversification: the diversity of pollen associated with angiosperm reproductive structures in Early Cretaceous floras. - Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 86: 259 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2666179" type="journal article" year="1999">Friis et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Grains from specimen S105281 are very similar but folded, which obscures the apertures. The pollen is circular in equatorial view, about 15–17 µm in diameter, and monocolpate. The exine is semitectate-reticulate with a heterobrochate, loosely attached reticulum (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 25c, e–h</figureCitation>
|
||
). The aperture is long, reaches to the equator, and has distinct margins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[305,453,1478,1502]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 25e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lumina are rounded to angular, with larger lumina up to about 1.6 µm in diameter and smaller lumina about 0.2–0.5 µm in diameter. Muri are narrow, about 0.2 µm wide, with a flattened profile and smooth surface (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[283,427,1606,1630]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 25h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Columellae are short, about 0.2 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[250,393,1638,1662]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 25h</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522849/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" startId="37.[124,205,1021,1042]" targetBox="[126,1440,151,1005]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[124,1440,1021,1247]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">
|
||
Text-fig. 23. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček, 2022" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[1033,1273,1021,1042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1033,1273,1021,1042]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1280,1435,1021,1042]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0827) showing fruitlet with apical stigmatic region and a single seed enclosed within the fruitlet wall that has a thick epidermal cuticle; note the tiny embryo (emb) internal to the micropyle (mi) and oriented toward the base of the fruitlet; b) Transverse section through apical part of two fruitlets (orthoslice xy0810) showing the fruitlet wall (fr) composed of small thin-walled cells covered by an epidermis of isodiametric cells (ep) with a thick outer cuticle (cu); c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0370) through basal part of fruitlet perpendicular to section in (a) showing the micropyle (mi), embryo (emb) composed of tiny cells, and the thick cuticle (cu) covering the bulging cells of the fruitlet epidermis. Specimen, Catefica 50-S174907 (a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[106,745,1318,1950]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">
|
||
Pollen grains in S172560 vary markedly in size and may be immature but are also partly obscured by residual organic material. They show a gradation, from grains that are almost smooth, to grains with a very weakly developed reticulum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[113,286,1798,1823]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 26b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pollen grains in specimen S172560 are also smaller than in the two other specimens, about 12 µm in diameter, and in some grains the reticulum is denser. The inner surface of the anther wall in the dehisced specimen is finely granular, probably reflecting the presence of tiny orbicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[106,745,1974,2094]" lastBlockId="37.[820,1459,1318,1630]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="A" collectorName="However & Similar & Melloniflora" country="Portugal" location="For" municipality="The" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[143,162,1974,1998]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8:8E8B603FFFD8FFCBFD28F849C1CFF86B" box="[663,695,1974,1997]" country="Portugal" municipality="The" name="For" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">For</location>
|
||
the possible systematic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[517,744,2006,2030]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calycanthaceae" genus="Elasmostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paisii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[517,744,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Elasmostemon paisii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see comments on the genus above.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[472,513,2038,2062]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
stamen fragments are closely similar to the specimen described below as “Laminar stamen with monocolpate reticulate pollen”.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1313,1412,1319,1342]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">However</collectorName>
|
||
, the pollen in the two stamen
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1098,1154,1351,1375]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">types</typeStatus>
|
||
differ in the details of their wall structure.
|
||
<collectorName box="[984,1063,1382,1406]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Similar</collectorName>
|
||
stamens have not been encountered in other mesofossil floras from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1210,1304,1414,1438]" name="Portugal" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1325,1458,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<collectorName box="[1325,1458,1414,1438]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Melloniflora</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
E.M.FRIIS, P.R.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="CRANE, K, R" country="United States of America" location="Early Cretaceous Puddledock" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Virginia">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[976,1048,1447,1471]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">CRANE</collectionCode>
|
||
et
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1079,1101,1447,1470]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1105,1123,1447,1470]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.PEDERSEN, and several different isolated stamens from the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8:8E8B603FFFD8FFCBFBD6FA39C6CBFA78" box="[1129,1459,1478,1503]" country="United States of America" name="Early Cretaceous Puddledock" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Virginia">Early Cretaceous Puddledock</location>
|
||
flora of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[907,997,1510,1534]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1008,1064,1511,1535]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, have pollen sacs that are embedded in the staminal tissue in a non-marginal position, but they differ in their larger size and their more elongate, scale-like form (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[886,1073,1606,1630]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" pagination="887 - 897" refId="ref55812" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2020 b): Melloniflora, a new extinct multiparted flower from the Early Cretaceous of Virginia. - International Journal of Plant Sciences, 181: 887 - 897. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 710490" type="journal article" year="2020">Friis et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |