1050 lines
139 KiB
XML
1050 lines
139 KiB
XML
<document id="4AB4FCD187C069CE804818FE77FE11EF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3897.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086517" ID-ZooBank="CB622998-E483-4046-A40E-DBE22B001DFD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623762415032" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pugh, P. R. & Baxter, E. J." docDate="2014" docId="03FC87BCFF98FFA3FF62A88C67A9FE27" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03897p111.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3897 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Halistemma maculatum Pugh & Baxter, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FFC5FFC4FFDDFFF2FFF5A81B623BFF8A" masterDocTitle="A review of the physonect siphonophore genera Halistemma (Family Agalmatidae) and Stephanomia (Family Stephanomiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="111" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1699489582886" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3E5448F5938761AA855F035A9FFB78D8">
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<mods:title id="2B006B512FBB0A29980708A29910C09D">A review of the physonect siphonophore genera Halistemma (Family Agalmatidae) and Stephanomia (Family Stephanomiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="50750B0CDD72D64651B7F1B59D7A45D0">Pugh, P. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2CC66E67761C371F5885F60BDF226F65">Baxter, E. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6153A37AAF22BAF9B3A453DF59D1649A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0F54898B52621A565CFC97B9BF0C987E">
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<mods:date id="A4CC1A031D13EA4963600B5E3DE36E20">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F9DFA7046709D968D9BA92F3AA221F3F">2014-12-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EF9C2216A7F23F29BDE0706BD7B02DB9">3897</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FC87BCFF98FFA3FF62A88C67A9FE27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87BCFF98FFA3FF62A88C67A9FE27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87BCFF98FFA3FF62A88C67A9FE27" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection id="C34F6521FF98FFB7FF62A88C6025FF38" box="[151,542,151,178]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0A281C6FF98FFB7FF62A88C6025FF38" bold="true" box="[151,542,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF62A88C6025FF38" bold="true" box="[151,542,151,178]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF98FFB7FF62A88C6381FF3B" ID-CoL="6KZ55" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,442,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF62A88C6381FF3B" bold="true" box="[151,442,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF98FFB7FE34A8836025FF38" box="[449,542,152,178]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34F6521FF98FFB7FF62A8C56170FF7E" box="[151,843,222,244]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF98FFB7FF62A8C563D0FF7E" ID-CoL="6KYSV" authority="Totton, 1954" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,491,222,244]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrum">
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<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF62A8C56358FF7E" box="[151,355,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Halistemma rubrum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B5BFF98FFB7FE9CA8C463D0FF7E" author="Totton, A. K." box="[361,491,222,244]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref60881" refString="Totton, A. K. (1954) Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans. Discovery Reports, 27, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1954">Totton, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FE0CA8C4606CFF7E" box="[505,599,223,244]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">in partim</emphasis>
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) Text—fig. 16, A, D, F.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34F6521FF98FFB7FF62A93A6685FE4A" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF62A93A6350FEB0" box="[151,363,289,314]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50A964669FFE1F" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1188,383,405]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Dive Date Position Depth</paragraph>
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<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FE3EA9B06069FE4B" box="[459,594,427,449]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1983-05-12">12 May 1983</collectingDate>
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c.
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?
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*.
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*.
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-
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<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26AA406326FDFB" box="[211,285,603,625]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1673-02">II 1673</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FED1AA406696FDFA" box="[292,1197,603,625]" collectingDate="1988-10-04" collectionCode="CG" elevation="828" latitude="26.465" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-78.04833" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="CG9" specimenCount="828">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39ED1FF98FFB7FED1AA40636EFDFB" box="[292,341,603,625]" collectionCode="CG" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG9</specimenCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EAA406053FDFB" box="[459,616,603,625]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FE3EAA406053FDFB" box="[459,616,603,625]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-04">4 October 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AA40614FFDFB" box="[781,884,603,625]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="27.9" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="26.465">26°27.9'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC8FAA4061E1FDFB" box="[890,986,603,625]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="2.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-78.04833">78°2.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF98FFB7FB93AA406696FDFA" box="[1126,1197,603,625]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93AA406692FDFA" box="[1126,1193,603,625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.28" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="828.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078D199FF98FFB7FB93AA406692FDFA" box="[1126,1193,603,625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.28" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="828.0">828 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50AA9C6696FD16" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1197,647,669]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50AA9C6324FD17" box="[165,287,647,669]" collectingDate="1675-02" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50AA9C62F6FD17" box="[165,205,647,669]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26AA9C6324FD17" box="[211,287,647,669]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1675-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26AA9C6324FD17" box="[211,287,647,669]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1675-02">II 1675</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FED3AA9C6696FD16" box="[294,1197,647,669]" collectingDate="1988-10-05" collectionCode="CG" elevation="777" latitude="26.426666" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-77.88" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="CG1" specimenCount="777">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39ED1FF98FFB7FED3AA9C636EFD17" box="[294,341,647,669]" collectionCode="CG" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG1</specimenCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EAA9C6053FD17" box="[459,616,647,669]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FE3EAA9C6053FD17" box="[459,616,647,669]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-05">5 October 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AA9C614FFD17" box="[781,884,647,669]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="25.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="26.426666">26°25.6'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC8FAA9C61DDFD17" box="[890,998,647,669]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="52.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.88">77°52.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF98FFB7FB93AA9C6696FD16" box="[1126,1197,647,668]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93AA9C6692FD16" box="[1126,1193,647,668]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.77" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="777.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078D199FF98FFB7FB93AA9C6692FD16" box="[1126,1193,647,668]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.77" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="777.0">777 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50AAA86682FD43" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1209,691,713]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50AAA86325FD43" box="[165,286,691,713]" collectingDate="1679-02" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50AAA862F6FD43" box="[165,205,691,713]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26AAAF6325FD43" box="[211,286,691,713]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1679-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26AAAF6325FD43" box="[211,286,691,713]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1679-02">II 1679</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FED0AAA86691FD43" box="[293,1194,691,713]" collectingDate="1988-10-07" collectionCode="CG" elevation="753" latitude="25.838333" longLatPrecision="124" longitude="-77.246666" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="CG11" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39ED1FF98FFB7FED0AAA8635AFD43" box="[293,353,691,713]" collectionCode="CG" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG11</specimenCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EAAAF6053FD43" box="[459,616,691,713]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FE3EAAAF6053FD43" box="[459,616,691,713]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-07">7 October 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AAA8614FFD43" box="[781,884,691,713]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="50.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="25.838333">25°50.3'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC8FAAA861DDFD43" box="[890,998,691,713]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="14.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.246666">77°14.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93AAA86691FD43" box="[1126,1194,691,713]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="753.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078D199FF98FFB7FB93AAA86691FD43" box="[1126,1194,691,713]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="753.0">753 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50AAC46703FD7F" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1336,735,757]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50AAC46326FD7F" box="[165,285,735,757]" collectingDate="1679-02" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50AAC462F6FD7F" box="[165,205,735,757]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26AAC46326FD7F" box="[211,285,735,757]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1679-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26AAC46326FD7F" box="[211,285,735,757]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1679-02">II 1679</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FED1AAC46711FD7F" box="[292,1322,735,757]" collectingDate="1988-10-07" collectionCode="CG" latitude="25.838333" longLatPrecision="124" longitude="-77.246666" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="CG12" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39ED1FF98FFB7FED1AAC46359FD7F" box="[292,354,735,757]" collectionCode="CG" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG12</specimenCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EAAC46053FD7F" box="[459,616,735,757]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FE3EAAC46053FD7F" box="[459,616,735,757]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-07">7 October 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AAC4614FFD7F" box="[781,884,735,757]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="50.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="25.838333">25°50.3'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC8FAAC461DDFD7F" box="[890,998,735,757]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="14.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.246666">77°14.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
depth not recorded
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50AB106682FCAB" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1209,779,801]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50AB106325FCAB" box="[165,286,779,801]" collectingDate="1679-02" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50AB1062F6FCAB" box="[165,205,779,801]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26AB176325FCAB" box="[211,286,779,801]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1679-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26AB176325FCAB" box="[211,286,779,801]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1679-02">II 1679</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-DS6
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EAB176053FCAB" box="[459,616,779,801]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-07">7 October 1988</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AB10614FFCAB" box="[781,884,779,801]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="50.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="25.838333">25°50.3'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC8FAB1061DDFCAB" box="[890,998,779,801]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="14.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.246666">77°14.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93AB106691FCAB" box="[1126,1194,779,801]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="720.0">720 m</quantity>
|
||
*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50AB2C6696FCC6" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1197,823,845]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50AB2C6327FCC7" box="[165,284,823,845]" collectingDate="1681-02" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50AB2C62F6FCC7" box="[165,205,823,845]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26AB2C6327FCC7" box="[211,284,823,845]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1681-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26AB2C6327FCC7" box="[211,284,823,845]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1681-02">II 1681</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FED6AB2C6696FCC6" box="[291,1197,823,845]" collectingDate="1988-10-08" collectionCode="CG" elevation="800" latitude="26.416666" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-77.87666" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="CG9" specimenCount="800">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39ED1FF98FFB7FED6AB2C636EFCC7" box="[291,341,823,845]" collectionCode="CG" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG9</specimenCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EAB2C6053FCC7" box="[459,616,823,845]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FE3EAB2C6053FCC7" box="[459,616,823,845]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-08">8 October 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AB2C614FFCC7" box="[781,884,823,845]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="25.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="26.416666">26°25.0'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC8FAB2C61DCFCC7" box="[890,999,823,845]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="52.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.87666">77°52.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF98FFB7FB93AB2C6696FCC6" box="[1126,1197,823,845]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93AB2C6692FCC6" box="[1126,1193,823,845]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="800.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078D199FF98FFB7FB93AB2C6692FCC6" box="[1126,1193,823,845]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50AB786695FCF3" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1198,867,889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF50AB786695FCF3" bold="true" box="[165,1198,867,889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50AB78631EFCF3" box="[165,293,867,889]" collectingDate="1685-02" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50AB7862EAFCF3" box="[165,209,867,889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF22AB78631EFCF3" box="[215,293,867,889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1685-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF22AB78631EFCF3" box="[215,293,867,889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1685-02">II 1685</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FED9AB786695FCF3" box="[300,1198,867,889]" collectingDate="1988-10-10" collectionCode="CG" elevation="837" latitude="26.463333" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-77.98167" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="CG4" specimenCount="837">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39ED1FF98FFB7FED9AB786364FCF3" box="[300,351,867,889]" collectionCode="CG" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG4</specimenCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EAB786047FCF3" box="[459,636,867,889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FE3EAB786047FCF3" box="[459,636,867,889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-10">10 October 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AB78614DFCF3" box="[781,886,867,889]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="27.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="26.463333">26°27.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC88AB7861D6FCF3" box="[893,1005,867,889]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="58.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.98167">77°58.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF98FFB7FB93AB786695FCF3" box="[1126,1198,867,889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93AB786693FCF3" box="[1126,1192,867,889]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.37" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="837.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078D199FF98FFB7FB93AB786693FCF3" box="[1126,1192,867,889]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.37" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="837.0">837 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50AB946696FC2E" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1197,911,933]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50AB946326FC2F" box="[165,285,911,933]" collectingDate="1687-02" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50AB9462F6FC2F" box="[165,205,911,933]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26AB946326FC2F" box="[211,285,911,933]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1687-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26AB946326FC2F" box="[211,285,911,933]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1687-02">II 1687</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-DS4
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EAB94604EFC2F" box="[459,629,911,933]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1988-10-11">11 October 1988</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AB94614FFC2F" box="[781,884,911,933]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="23.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="26.383333">26°23.0'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC8FAB9461DDFC2F" box="[890,998,911,933]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="35.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-78.59333">78°35.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF98FFB7FB93AB946696FC2E" box="[1126,1197,911,933]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93AB946692FC2E" box="[1126,1193,911,933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="715.0">715 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50ABA06696FC5B" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1197,955,977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50ABA06323FC5B" box="[165,280,955,977]" collectingDate="2634-01" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50ABA062F7FC5B" box="[165,204,955,977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26ABA76323FC5B" box="[211,280,955,977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2634-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26ABA76323FC5B" box="[211,280,955,977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2634-01">I 2634</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-DS3
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EABA060B9FC5B" box="[459,642,955,977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1989-11-04">4 November 1989</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8ABA0614FFC5B" box="[781,884,955,977]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="14.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="26.235">26°14.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC8FABA061DDFC5B" box="[890,998,955,977]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="43.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.73167">77°43.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF98FFB7FB93ABA06696FC5B" box="[1126,1197,955,977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93ABA06692FC5B" box="[1126,1193,955,977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.99" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="799.0">799 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50ABFC6696FC76" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1197,999,1021]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50ABFC632CFC77" box="[165,279,999,1021]" collectingDate="2646-01" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50ABFC62F7FC77" box="[165,204,999,1021]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26ABFC632CFC77" box="[211,279,999,1021]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2646-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26ABFC632CFC77" box="[211,279,999,1021]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2646-01">I 2646</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FEE8ABFC6696FC76" box="[285,1197,999,1021]" collectingDate="1989-11-10" collectionCode="CG" elevation="792" latitude="26.05" longLatPrecision="124" longitude="-77.53333" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="CG3" specimenCount="792">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39ED1FF98FFB7FEE8ABFC6376FC77" box="[285,333,999,1021]" collectionCode="CG" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG3</specimenCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EABFC60B5FC77" box="[459,654,999,1021]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1989-11-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FE3EABFC60B5FC77" box="[459,654,999,1021]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1989-11-10">10 November 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8ABFC6153FC77" box="[781,872,999,1021]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="3.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="26.05">26°3.0'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC9BABFC61E1FC77" box="[878,986,999,1021]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="32.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.53333">77°32.0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF98FFB7FB93ABFC6696FC76" box="[1126,1197,999,1021]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93ABFC6692FC76" box="[1126,1193,999,1021]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.92" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="792.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078D199FF98FFB7FB93ABFC6692FC76" box="[1126,1193,999,1021]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.92" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="792.0">792 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50AC086696FBA3" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1197,1043,1065]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50AC08632CFBA3" box="[165,279,1043,1065]" collectingDate="2652-01" collectionCode="JSL" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50AC0862F7FBA3" box="[165,204,1043,1065]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26AC0F632CFBA3" box="[211,279,1043,1065]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2652-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26AC0F632CFBA3" box="[211,279,1043,1065]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2652-01">I 2652</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FEE8AC086696FBA3" box="[285,1197,1043,1065]" collectingDate="1989-11-15" collectionCode="CG" elevation="606" latitude="26.001667" longLatPrecision="124" longitude="-77.47" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="CG3" specimenCount="606">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF39ED1FF98FFB7FEE8AC086376FBA3" box="[285,333,1043,1065]" collectionCode="CG" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG3</specimenCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FE3EAC0860B5FBA3" box="[459,654,1043,1065]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1989-11-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FE3EAC0860B5FBA3" box="[459,654,1043,1065]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1989-11-15">15 November 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AC086153FBA3" box="[781,872,1043,1065]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="0.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="26.001667">26°0.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC9BAC0861E2FBA3" box="[878,985,1043,1065]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="28.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.47">77°28.2'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF98FFB7FB93AC086696FBA3" box="[1126,1197,1043,1065]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93AC086692FBA3" box="[1126,1193,1043,1065]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.06" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="606.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078D199FF98FFB7FB93AC086692FBA3" box="[1126,1193,1043,1065]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.06" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="606.0">606 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF50AC246682FBDF" blockId="69.[165,1336,383,1109]" box="[165,1209,1087,1109]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF50AC24637BFBDF" box="[165,320,1087,1109]" collectingDate="2652-01" collectionCode="JSL, CG" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FF50AC2462F7FBDF" box="[165,204,1087,1109]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSL</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FF26AC5B632DFBDF" box="[211,278,1087,1109]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2652-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF98FFB7FF26AC5B632DFBDF" box="[211,278,1087,1109]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2652-01">I 2652</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FEE9AC24637BFBDF" box="[284,320,1087,1109]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF98FFB7FEB5AC2460B5FBDF" box="[320,654,1087,1109]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1989-11-04" valueMax="1989-11-15" valueMin="1989-11-04">4a 15 November 1989</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FCF8AC246153FBDF" box="[781,872,1087,1109]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="0.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="26.001667">26°0.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF98FFB7FC9BAC2461E2FBDF" box="[878,985,1087,1109]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="28.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="-77.47">77°28.2'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FB93AC246691FBDF" box="[1126,1194,1087,1109]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.04" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="604.0">604 m</quantity>
|
||
*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF62AC6E661AFB01" blockId="69.[151,1057,1141,1163]" box="[151,1057,1141,1163]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
* indicates specimens at the post-larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF98FFB7FDDFAC6E60BBFB01" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[554,640,1141,1163]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nectalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FDDFAC6E60BBFB01" box="[554,640,1141,1163]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Nectalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-stage. Emboldened—
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF98FFB7FC96AC6E6180FB01" box="[867,955,1141,1163]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF32ACA36643FB7F" blockId="69.[151,1437,1208,1917]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF98FFB7FF32ACA36643FB7F" collectionCode="JSLII, CG" collectorName="S.D. Cairns" country="United States of America" location="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF32ACA36315FB5B" box="[199,302,1208,1233]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF98FFB7FF32ACA36315FB5B" box="[199,302,1208,1233]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: The
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FE85ACA36395FB5B" box="[368,430,1208,1233]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">JSLII</collectionCode>
|
||
Dive 1685-
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF98FFB7FDC1ACA36066FB5B" box="[564,605,1208,1233]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Collection of Fungi of Invertebrates" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CG</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF98FFB7FDA8ACA360E6FB5B" box="[605,733,1208,1233]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">4 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
has been designated the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF98FFB7FC0DACA36661FB5B" box="[1016,1114,1208,1233]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and has been donated to the
|
||
<location id="8E8A6071FF98FFB7FF62ACC7600EFB7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87BCFF98FFA3FF62A88C67A9FE27:8E8A6071FF98FFB7FF62ACC7600EFB7F" box="[151,565,1244,1269]" country="United States of America" name="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Washington">National Museum of Natural History</location>
|
||
, Smithsonian Institution,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4991F848FF98FFB7FCA0ACC761E6FB7F" box="[853,989,1244,1269]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A0537CFF98FFB7FC1DACC76624FB7F" box="[1000,1055,1244,1269]" name="S.D. Cairns" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">D.C.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342763AFF98FFB7FBDEACC76643FB7F" box="[1067,1144,1244,1269]" name="United States of America" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF32AD1A603AFA47" blockId="69.[151,1437,1208,1917]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF32AD1A6302FA92" box="[199,313,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Basic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF98FFB7FE67AD1B6022FA93" authorityName="Huxley" authorityYear="1859" box="[402,537,1280,1305]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FE67AD1B6022FA93" box="[402,537,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Halistemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ridge pattern on nectophores, with complete vertical-laterals, joining both the upper and lower laterals at a right-angle. Lateral ridges join upper laterals. Mouth plate present and deeply divided. Three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF98FFB7FF11AD526324FAEB" box="[228,287,1353,1377]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of bract, with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF98FFB7FDF1AD526000FAEB" box="[516,571,1353,1377]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FDB2AD536063FAD5" box="[583,600,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A</emphasis>
|
||
having multiple patches of ectodermal cells on the upper surface and, uniquely for this species, a distal bump on the inner lateral edge. Tentilla with reduced, almost vestigial, involucrum that does not completely cover the first spiral of the cnidoband, and a small acorn-shaped terminal process to the terminal filament.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF32ADC26144F9B3" blockId="69.[151,1437,1208,1917]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF32ADC26370FA7A" box="[199,331,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Description</emphasis>
|
||
: The description will be based largely on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF98FFB7FC8EADC26190FA7B" box="[891,939,1497,1521]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen from JSL II Dive 1685, unless otherwise stated. Unfortunately, this specimen was not photographed after capture, but a tank photograph of the specimen collected during JSLII Dive 1673 is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF98FFB7FCF9AE3B6140F9B3" box="[780,891,1568,1593]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,1561,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-674@68.[226,1360,1561,1823]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 78. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Tank photograph of specimen collected during JSLII Dive 1673. Length not recorded." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086651/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figure 78</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF32AE5F677FF90B" blockId="69.[151,1437,1208,1917]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF32AE5F6342F9D7" box="[199,377,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Pneumatophore</emphasis>
|
||
: The pneumatophore measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FD11AE5F6100F9D6" box="[740,827,1604,1629]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FC10AE5F6600F9D6" box="[997,1083,1604,1629]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. There was a small cluster of brownish cells at its anterior end, which suggests that that it might have had a reddish cap in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF32AE966624F92E" blockId="69.[151,1437,1208,1917]" box="[199,1055,1676,1701]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF32AE966379F92E" box="[199,322,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Nectosome</emphasis>
|
||
: The nectophores were budded off on the dorsal side of the stem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF32AEAB674CF89A" blockId="69.[151,1437,1208,1917]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF98FFB7FF32AEAB6368F943" box="[199,339,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Nectophores</emphasis>
|
||
: Thirty-nine detached nectophores were present in association with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF98FFB7FB76AEAA6688F943" box="[1155,1203,1713,1737]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, while the nectosome bore several nectophoral buds, at varying stages of development, and the attachment lamellae of the detached nectophores. Detached nectophores ranged in size from 5.5 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FC40AEE36630F89A" box="[949,1035,1784,1809]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(length x width) to 11 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF98FFB7FAD5AEE36749F89A" box="[1312,1394,1784,1809]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF98FFB7FF32AF066312F8F7" blockId="69.[151,1437,1208,1917]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
For the very young nectophoral buds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF98FFB7FD82AF0760DCF8BF" box="[631,743,1820,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1045,1067]" captionTargetBox="[417,1173,193,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-506@70.[417,1173,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 79. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Very young nectophore from JSLII Dive 1679-CG12 specimen. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086653/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figure 79</figureCitation>
|
||
) the ridges stood out distinctly, as did the two lateral pairs of ectodermal cell patches, and particularly the relatively enormous lateral ostial processes that were packed with nematocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF9BFFB4FF62AC0E67A7FBA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086653" box="[151,1436,1045,1067]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086653/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" startId="70.[151,250,1045,1067]" targetBox="[417,1173,193,1017]" targetPageId="70">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF9BFFB4FF62AC0E67A7FBA1" blockId="70.[151,1436,1045,1067]" box="[151,1436,1045,1067]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF9BFFB4FF62AC0E6324FBA1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1045,1067]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIGURE 79.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF9BFFB4FED0AC0E602EFBA1" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[293,533,1045,1067]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF9BFFB4FED0AC0E602EFBA1" box="[293,533,1045,1067]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF9BFFB4FDE9AC0D6051FBA1" box="[540,618,1046,1067]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Very young nectophore from JSLII Dive 1679-CG12 specimen. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF9BFFB4FF32AC48619EFA59" blockId="70.[151,1437,1106,2031]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
For the younger nectophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF9BFFB4FDEDAC4960B3FBE1" box="[536,648,1106,1131]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="71.[151,250,796,818]" captionTargetBox="[247,1337,199,766]" captionTargetId="figure-324@71.[244,1342,195,772]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 80. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper (left) and lower (right) views of young nectophore from type specimen. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086655/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 80</figureCitation>
|
||
) the central thrust block was quite small and under-developed, so that the pointed axial wings extended well beyond it. As the nectophores increased in size the central thrust block became more developed and although it only reached to the same level or slightly above the now squared-off, slightly outward and downward-sloping axial wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF9BFFB4FCFAACA561BDFB5D" box="[783,902,1214,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1445,1467]" captionTargetBox="[312,1280,890,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-333@71.[308,1285,886,1422]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 81. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper (top left), lower (top right) and lateral (bottom) views of a mature nectophore from type specimen. Scale bars 5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086657/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 81</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the ostial region, the distal mouth plate enlarged proportionally with the size of the nectophores, and the left and right sides overlapped extensively in the mid-line. The lateral ostial processes gradually diminished in relative size and began to lose their nematocysts, either through abrasion or having been used and subsequently discarded. These processes were then covered in small plate-like cells. There were two pairs of almost circular patches of ectodermal cells on the upper lateral sides of the nectophore that almost certainly were sites of bioluminescence. One pair lay close to the centre of the triangular facet on each side between the upper and lower lateral, and the vertical lateral ridges; and the other pair in the middle of the facets demarcated by the upper and lateral ridges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF9BFFB4FF32ADC563D3F90D" blockId="70.[151,1437,1106,2031]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The general arrangement of the ridges on the nectophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF9BFFB4FC71ADC566AAFA7D" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[900,1169,1502,1527]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF9BFFB4FC71ADC566AAFA7D" box="[900,1169,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF9BFFB4FB6FADC466C9FA7C" box="[1178,1266,1503,1526]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was similar to that of all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF9BFFB4FEFAAE1963CBF991" box="[271,496,1538,1563]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF9BFFB4FEFAAE1963ADF991" box="[271,406,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Halistemma</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B5BFF9BFFB4FD46AE186174F991" author="Totton, A. K." box="[691,847,1538,1563]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref60881" refString="Totton, A. K. (1954) Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans. Discovery Reports, 27, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1954">Totton (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B5BFF9BFFB4FC7FAE1966FDF991" author="Pugh, P. R. & Youngbluth, M. J." box="[906,1222,1538,1563]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref60008" refString="Pugh, P. R. & Youngbluth, M. J. (1988) A new species of Halistemma (Siphonophora, Physonectae, Agalmidae) collected by submersible. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 68, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400050050" type="journal article" year="1988">Pugh & Youngbluth (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The pair of upper lateral ridges ran across the upper surface of the nectophore from the apical margins of the axial wings obliquely toward the ostium. They closely approached each other slightly above the ostium, but then curved out laterally and petered out before reaching it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF9BFFB4FF32AE89660CF8D4" blockId="70.[151,1437,1106,2031]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">The vertical lateral ridges arose relatively high up on the upper lateral ridges, above the apex of the nectosac, and ran obliquely down the sides of the nectophore to join with the lower lateral ridges. These lower lateral ridges ran along the entire length of the lower lateral edge of the nectophore from the outer margins of the axial wings, where they joined with the upper laterals, to below the ostium where the petered out and joined with the lateral margins of the mouth plate. There were no distinct ridges on the lower surface of the nectophore; however, folds ran down the inner apices of the axial wings to just above the apex of the nectosac.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF9BFFB4FF32AF716602F864" blockId="70.[151,1437,1106,2031]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">The lateral ridges branched from the upper lateral ridges at a quarter to one third of the way along the latter's length from the apices of the axial wings. Their course was initially almost parallel to that of the vertical lateral ridges, but quite soon they curved and ran directly toward the ostium. They did not reach the latter but petered out on a level with the upper laterals, ending just over the large lateral ostial processes.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF9AFFB5FF62AB076307FCDB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086655" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086655/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" startId="71.[151,250,796,818]" targetBox="[247,1337,199,766]" targetPageId="71">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF9AFFB5FF62AB076307FCDB" blockId="71.[151,1437,796,849]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF9AFFB5FF62AB07631AFCB8" bold="true" box="[151,289,796,818]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 80.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF9AFFB5FEDDAB076021FCB8" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[296,538,796,818]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF9AFFB5FEDDAB076021FCB8" box="[296,538,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF9AFFB5FDD4AB06604AFCB8" box="[545,625,797,818]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Upper (left) and lower (right) views of young nectophore from type specimen. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF9AFFB5FF62ADBE60B7FA53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086657/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" startId="71.[151,250,1445,1467]" targetBox="[312,1280,890,1418]" targetPageId="71">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF9AFFB5FF62ADBE60B7FA53" blockId="71.[151,1435,1445,1497]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF9AFFB5FF62ADBE631FFA31" bold="true" box="[151,292,1445,1467]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 81.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF9AFFB5FEDBADBE6018FA31" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[302,547,1445,1467]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF9AFFB5FEDBADBE6018FA31" box="[302,547,1445,1467]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF9AFFB5FDDBADBD60BAFA31" box="[558,641,1446,1467]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Upper (top left), lower (top right) and lateral (bottom) views of a mature nectophore from type specimen. Scale bars 5mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF9AFFB5FF32AE1D676DF8B5" blockId="71.[151,1436,1542,2035]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">The mantle canal on the proximal or axial surface of the nectophore ran from mid-way down the central thrust block to just below the central apex of the nectosac, in the region where the nectophore had been attached to the stem. The ascending and descending branches were almost equal in length, so the pedicular canal arose at its midpoint and reached the nectosac just below the apex of the nectosac, on its lower side. There it gave rise to all four radial canals. The courses of the upper and lower canals were straight. The lateral radial canals extended out laterally and on the lower surface quite close to the top of the nectosac. Towards the lateral margins of the nectosac the lateral radial canals formed a relatively sharp hump and then formed a loop up the lateral surfaces of the nectosac. From there, they looped back down to the lower surface where they formed another loop before returning to the lateral surface of the nectosac and running down directly to the lateral margins of the ostial ring canal.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF9AFFB5FF32AF5163DAF879" blockId="71.[151,1436,1542,2035]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF9AFFB5FF32AF51637BF8E9" box="[199,320,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Siphosome</emphasis>
|
||
: In each cormidium immediately anterior to the gastrozooid, which lies posterior-most, were several palpons, and anterior to them a very distinct, single stalked, female gonodendron bearing a cluster of gonophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF9AFFB5FEDDAF8963A2F821" box="[296,409,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 87" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1623,1645]" captionTargetBox="[342,1250,798,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-236@75.[342,1250,798,1595]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 87. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Piece of stem from JSLII Dive 2646-CG3 specimen. fg: female gonophores; mg: male gonophore; p: palpon. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086670/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figure 87</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two or more palpons separated it from the male gonophores that were attached directly to the stem, and anterior to them was another cluster of palpons, at least five in number. The disposition of the bracts was could not be determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF95FFBAFF32A8826154FE02" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF95FFBAFF32A882632BFF3A" box="[199,272,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Bracts</emphasis>
|
||
: Ninety-nine detached, foliaceous bracts were associated with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF95FFBAFBE0A883667EFF3A" box="[1045,1093,152,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen and these could be divided into three categories on the basis of their general morphology, which included the numbers of lateral teeth and ectodermal cell patches on the upper surface. The bracteal canal lay just within the lower surface of the bract for most of the length, only entering the mesogloea and sloping up towards the upper surface close to its distal end. It ended below a small cup-shaped oval hollow on the upper surface that, in the younger bracts at least, was filled with tightly packed elongate nematocysts. Like those on the lateral ostial processes on the nectophore, these nematocysts had generally disappeared in the fully grown bracts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF95FFBAFF62AD1667A6FAA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086659" box="[151,1437,1293,1315]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086659/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" startId="72.[151,250,1293,1315]" targetBox="[435,1149,450,1260]" targetPageId="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF95FFBAFF62AD1667A6FAA9" blockId="72.[151,1437,1293,1315]" box="[151,1437,1293,1315]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF95FFBAFF62AD166324FAA9" bold="true" box="[151,287,1293,1315]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 82.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF95FFBAFED0AD16602DFAA9" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[293,534,1293,1315]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF95FFBAFED0AD16602DFAA9" box="[293,534,1293,1315]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF95FFBAFDE9AD156051FAA9" box="[540,618,1294,1315]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Upper views of Type
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF95FFBAFCBCAD166163FAA9" box="[841,856,1293,1315]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">A</emphasis>
|
||
bracts. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF95FFBBFF32AD57632BFE97" blockId="72.[151,1437,1355,2028]" lastBlockId="73.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF95FFBAFF32AD57632FFAE8" box="[199,276,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Type A</emphasis>
|
||
—Twenty-seven bracts of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF95FFBAFD9BAD5060A5FAE8" box="[622,670,1355,1378]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
|
||
were found in association with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF95FFBAFBC6AD506658FAE8" box="[1075,1123,1355,1378]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen and were present in enantiomorphic forms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF95FFBAFE4CAD746010FA02" box="[441,555,1391,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1293,1315]" captionTargetBox="[435,1149,450,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-553@72.[430,1155,446,1263]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 82. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper views of Type A bracts. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086659/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 82</figureCitation>
|
||
). These distinctive bracts were elongate and fairly oval, but tapered to rounded points both proximally and distally. They ranged in length from
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF95FFBAFC99AD88661DFA20" box="[876,1062,1427,1452]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="24.5" valueMin="16.5">16.5 to 24.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and from
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF95FFBAFAF3AD8867A6FA20" box="[1286,1437,1427,1452]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="11.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="9.75" valueMax="11.5" valueMin="8.0">8 to 11.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width at their widest part. Each bore an asymmetrical pair of lateral teeth approximately at two thirds of the length of the bract from the proximal end, and a third, reduced tooth on the outer side at about one-third the length. A very characteristic feature was a pronounced bump on the inner lateral edge towards the distal end of the bract (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF95FFBAFF6BAE38632AF9B6" box="[158,273,1571,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1293,1315]" captionTargetBox="[435,1149,450,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-553@72.[430,1155,446,1263]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 82. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper views of Type A bracts. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086659/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 82</figureCitation>
|
||
). A median ridge on the upper surface was present in the distal two thirds of the bract. The mesogloea was markedly thickened in the proximal third of the bract, but rapidly decreased in thickness on a level with the proximal end of the median ridge, where the lower surface of the bract became concave. For the remainder of the length of the bract the mesogloea was slightly thickened on the outer side, while on the inner side it was very thin, often resulting in that side folding inwards. The bracteal canal originated on the inner side of the bract, very close to the proximal end. In mature bracts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF95FFBAFD94AECC60EEF97A" box="[609,725,1751,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1293,1315]" captionTargetBox="[435,1149,450,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-553@72.[430,1155,446,1263]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 82. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper views of Type A bracts. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086659/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 82</figureCitation>
|
||
, left) it was thickened in the proximal third of the bract. At approximately the same level as the proximal end of the median ridge, and at the level of the reduced inner tooth, the canal decreased noticeably in diameter, but remained in contact with the lower wall of the bract. Thus as the thickness of the mesogloea and the bract itself decreased the canal followed the contour of the lower surface and curved upwards. In younger bracts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF95FFBAFDDDAF7C60A3F80A" box="[552,664,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1293,1315]" captionTargetBox="[435,1149,450,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-553@72.[430,1155,446,1263]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 82. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper views of Type A bracts. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086659/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 82</figureCitation>
|
||
, right), however, the canal remained thickened for most of the length of the bract, tapering only towards the distal end. The bracteal canal remained in contact with the lower wall throughout most of its length, but close to its distal end it penetrated into the mesogloea and ran obliquely toward the upper surface, where it ended below a small oval processes, on the upper side of the bract close to its distal tip. It is presumed that a cluster of small nematocysts once occupied this area, but on most bracts they been detached. Between 3 and 7 oval ectodermal patches of differing size were observed, distributed randomly (not paired) on the upper surface on either side of the mid-line, although due to their tendency of being abraded, their number varied somewhat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF94FFBBFF62AC4B67A6FBEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086661" box="[151,1437,1104,1126]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086661/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" startId="73.[151,250,1104,1126]" targetBox="[347,1241,346,1071]" targetPageId="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF94FFBBFF62AC4B67A6FBEF" blockId="73.[151,1437,1104,1126]" box="[151,1437,1104,1126]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF94FFBBFF62AC4B6324FBEC" bold="true" box="[151,287,1104,1126]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">FIGURE 83.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF94FFBBFED0AC4B602DFBEC" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[293,534,1104,1126]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF94FFBBFED0AC4B602DFBEC" box="[293,534,1104,1126]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF94FFBBFDE9AC4B6051FBEF" box="[540,618,1104,1125]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Upper views of Type
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF94FFBBFCBCAC4A6163FBEC" box="[841,856,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">B</emphasis>
|
||
bracts. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF94FFBBFF32AC886776F9F5" blockId="73.[151,1437,1170,2023]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF94FFBBFF32AC88632FFB20" box="[199,276,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Type B</emphasis>
|
||
—This was the most numerous type with forty-five bracts in enantiomorphic forms being present with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF94FFBBFF35ACAD6319FB45" box="[192,290,1206,1231]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF94FFBBFEC4ACAD6399FB45" box="[305,418,1206,1231]" captionStart="FIGURE 83" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1104,1126]" captionTargetBox="[347,1241,346,1071]" captionTargetId="figure-583@73.[340,1247,339,1079]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 83. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper views of Type B bracts. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086661/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figure 83</figureCitation>
|
||
). They were quite elongate, asymmetrical and widened at the distal end, measuring from
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF94FFBBFA7BACAD6320FB78" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="14.75" valueMax="20.5" valueMin="9.0">9 to 20.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and from
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF94FFBBFDF4ACC160A7FB78" box="[513,668,1242,1267]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="8.75" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5 to 12 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. There were four lateral teeth that were asymmetrical and misaligned. The inner proximal one was longer and more pointed than the others, while the inner distal one was often reduced to a slight bump. There was only one ectodermal cell patch on the outer half of the upper surface of the distal part of each bract. A distinct conical, pointed process formed the proximal end of the bract. A medial ridge stretched from approximately the mid-length of the bract to almost the distal end on its upper surface. The bracteal canal originated at approximately one sixth of the length of the bract, from its proximal end, and on the inner lateral surface. It narrowed on a level just below the proximal end of the median ridge, but only penetrated into the mesogloea close to the distal tip, where it ran diagonally up to end below a small cupulate structure on the upper side of the bract. In the proximal region of the bract the mesogloea on the outer half of the bract was thickened. This thickening continued, in the central region of the bracts, around the mid-line, and thinning towards the lateral edges forming a thin and flimsy convexo-concave surface on the under side. The bracteal canal ran down the middle of this thickening and so there was no marked change in its course as found in the type A bracts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF94FFB8FF32AE906078FF72" blockId="73.[151,1437,1170,2023]" lastBlockId="74.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF94FFBBFF32AE906325F928" box="[199,286,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Type C</emphasis>
|
||
—These bract, twenty-seven in number, were somewhat similar to the previous
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF94FFBBFB0BAE906715F929" box="[1278,1326,1675,1699]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
|
||
but less asymmetrical and with a pair of ectodermal patches on the upper surface, in the distal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF94FFBBFB6BAEB5672AF94D" box="[1182,1297,1710,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 84" captionStartId="74.[151,250,980,1002]" captionTargetBox="[306,1278,308,952]" captionTargetId="figure-117@74.[303,1284,303,955]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 84. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper views of Type C bracts. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086663/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figure 84</figureCitation>
|
||
). They were also the most variable in shape, which appears to be age related, with the smaller ones being more rounded, while the larger older ones were elongate. They ranged in size from
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF94FFBBFC94AEED61C6F884" box="[865,1021,1782,1807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.55" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="13.75" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5 to 22 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and from
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF94FFBBFB16AEED6745F884" box="[1251,1406,1782,1807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="6.75" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5 to 10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. There were two pairs of slightly misaligned lateral teeth, with the inner proximal tooth being somewhat smaller than the others and there was a small infolding at the level of the outer proximal one. A median ridge, on the upper surface, extended from just below the distal end for just under half of the length of the bract. Proximal to the origin of the bracteal canal, on the inner side of the bract, the mesogloea was relatively thick and formed a cylindrical process. Distal to this the mesogloea was thicker in the outer half, but also tapered down distally, so that the bracteal canal formed a smooth upward curve as it ran distally. In the larger bracts the thickened portion extended to approximately the same level as the proximal inner tooth, while in the younger ones it remained thickened for most of its length, only tapering when it entered the mesogloea before ending below the small cupulate process on the upper surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF97FFB8FF62ABCF67A6FC60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086663" box="[151,1437,980,1002]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086663/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" startId="74.[151,250,980,1002]" targetBox="[306,1278,308,952]" targetPageId="74">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF97FFB8FF62ABCF67A6FC60" blockId="74.[151,1437,980,1002]" box="[151,1437,980,1002]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF97FFB8FF62ABCF6324FC60" bold="true" box="[151,287,980,1002]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 84.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF97FFB8FED0ABCF602EFC60" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[293,533,980,1002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF97FFB8FED0ABCF602EFC60" box="[293,533,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF97FFB8FDE9ABCE6051FC60" box="[540,618,981,1002]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Upper views of Type
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF97FFB8FCBDABCF6162FC60" box="[840,857,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
|
||
bracts. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF97FFB8FF62AF4B6093F80F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086665/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" startId="74.[151,250,1872,1894]" targetBox="[302,1284,1082,1851]" targetPageId="74">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF97FFB8FF62AF4B6093F80F" blockId="74.[151,1436,1872,1925]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF97FFB8FF62AF4B631AF8EC" bold="true" box="[151,289,1872,1894]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 85.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF97FFB8FEDCAF4B6027F8EC" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[297,540,1872,1894]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF97FFB8FEDCAF4B6027F8EC" box="[297,540,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF97FFB8FDD1AF4A604FF8EC" box="[548,628,1873,1894]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Piece of siphosomal stem from holotype, showing a gastrozooid and tentacle, and several palpons with palpacles. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF96FFB9FF62AADE62E2FD70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086668" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086668/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[151,250,709,731]" targetBox="[340,1247,195,685]" targetPageId="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF96FFB9FF62AADE62E2FD70" blockId="75.[151,1435,709,762]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF96FFB9FF62AADE631BFD51" bold="true" box="[151,288,709,731]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 86.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF96FFB9FED3AADE6023FD51" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[294,536,709,731]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF96FFB9FED3AADE6023FD51" box="[294,536,709,731]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF96FFB9FDEAAADD6055FD51" box="[543,622,710,731]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Mature tentilla from type specimen. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF96FFB9FF62AE4C6061F901" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086670/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[151,250,1623,1645]" targetBox="[342,1250,798,1595]" targetPageId="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF96FFB9FF62AE4C6061F901" blockId="75.[151,1436,1623,1675]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF96FFB9FF62AE4C6324F9E7" bold="true" box="[151,287,1623,1645]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 87.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF96FFB9FED1AE4C602EF9E7" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[292,533,1623,1645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF96FFB9FED1AE4C602EF9E7" box="[292,533,1623,1645]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF96FFB9FDEEAE4C6052F9E6" box="[539,617,1623,1644]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Piece of stem from JSLII Dive 2646-CG3 specimen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF96FFB9FB71AE4C66A2F9E7" bold="true" box="[1156,1177,1623,1645]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">fg</emphasis>
|
||
: female gonophores;
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF96FFB9FA86AE4C67AEF9E7" bold="true" box="[1395,1429,1623,1645]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">mg</emphasis>
|
||
: male gonophore;
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF96FFB9FEBDAE6E636DF901" bold="true" box="[328,342,1653,1675]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">p</emphasis>
|
||
: palpon. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF96FFB9FF32AEA86072F965" blockId="75.[151,1436,1715,2028]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF96FFB9FF32AEA863DBF946" box="[199,480,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Gastrozooid and tentacle</emphasis>
|
||
: The gastrozooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF96FFB9FD49AEA86111F946" box="[700,810,1715,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,1082,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-126@74.[302,1284,1082,1851]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 85. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Piece of siphosomal stem from holotype, showing a gastrozooid and tentacle, and several palpons with palpacles. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086665/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figure 85</figureCitation>
|
||
) were variable in form and measured up to c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF96FFB9FADFAEA867BBF940" box="[1322,1408,1715,1740]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. There was a distinct basigaster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF96FFBEFF32AEE06372FEEF" blockId="75.[151,1436,1715,2028]" lastBlockId="76.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF96FFB9FF32AEE06320F89E" box="[199,283,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Tentilla</emphasis>
|
||
: The mature tentilla are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF96FFB9FD52AEE0612CF89E" box="[679,791,1787,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 86" captionStartId="75.[151,250,709,731]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,195,685]" captionTargetId="figure-227@75.[340,1247,195,685]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 86. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Mature tentilla from type specimen. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086668/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figure 86</figureCitation>
|
||
. At the distal end of the highly contractile pedicel was a very small, almost vestigial involucrum, which hardly covered any of the cnidoband. The cnidoband usually consisted of six spiral coils, which were usually closely wound but occasionally somewhat looser. Two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF96FFB9FAB4AF586747F8D1" box="[1345,1404,1859,1883]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of nematocysts were present; stenoteles and, probably, anisorhizas. The stenoteles, whose capsules measured 68 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF96FFB9FA75AF7D62FBF829" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
|
||
, where few in number and were found only on the outer edges of the proximal one or two spirals of the cnidoband. The other banana-shaped nematocysts were variable in size ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF96FFB9FBA7AFB566E1F84D" box="[1106,1242,1966,1991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="39.0">39 to 69 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF96FFB9FA8CAFB562CFF861" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5 to 9 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Large numbers of platelets,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF96FFB9FD21AFC86116F861" box="[724,813,2003,2028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, were visible on the cnidoband. The long terminal filament bore
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF91FFBEFE6CA883603DFF3A" box="[409,518,152,176]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of nematocysts; probably acrophores, c. 18.5 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFBD7A88C665BFF3A" box="[1058,1120,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
|
||
, and desmonemes, c. 22 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFA7BA88C62FBFF5E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
|
||
, as discussed above. The terminal filament ended in a process that was acorn-shaped, with a cupulate proximal part. This process was considerably smaller than that found on the tentilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF91FFBEFC06A8C466CFFF72" authorityName="Lens & van Riemsdijk" authorityYear="1908" box="[1011,1268,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cupulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF91FFBEFC06A8C466CFFF72" box="[1011,1268,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Halistemma cupulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and measured c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFF41A91F633FFE97" box="[180,260,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="180.0">180µm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFE44A91F6030FE96" box="[433,523,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with the cupulate proximal part occupying slightly under half the length. This part contained small nematocysts, c. 14 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFD03A93C610FFECA" box="[758,820,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
|
||
, while the distal part was covered in platelets, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFA75A93C6286FEEE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF91FFBEFF32A974602DFE5A" blockId="76.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF91FFBEFF32A9746323FE02" box="[199,280,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Palpon</emphasis>
|
||
: The thin-walled, narrow palpons were featureless apart from a darker papilliform distal end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF91FFBEFAB3A974628EFE27" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,1082,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-126@74.[302,1284,1082,1851]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 85. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Piece of siphosomal stem from holotype, showing a gastrozooid and tentacle, and several palpons with palpacles. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086665/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figures 85</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF91FFBEFF37A98F62DAFE27" box="[194,225,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 87" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1623,1645]" captionTargetBox="[342,1250,798,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-236@75.[342,1250,798,1595]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 87. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Piece of stem from JSLII Dive 2646-CG3 specimen. fg: female gonophores; mg: male gonophore; p: palpon. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086670/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">87</figureCitation>
|
||
). They measured up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFE1EA98F6079FE21" box="[491,578,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. They possessed a long narrow palpacle, but no nematocysts were found on it or on the palpon itself.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF91FFBEFF62AEDB60C0F97F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086672/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" startId="76.[151,250,1728,1750]" targetBox="[340,1247,519,1704]" targetPageId="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF91FFBEFF62AEDB60C0F97F" blockId="76.[151,1436,1728,1781]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF91FFBEFF62AEDB631EF95C" bold="true" box="[151,293,1728,1750]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 88.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF91FFBEFEC5AEDB601DF95C" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[304,550,1728,1750]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF91FFBEFEC5AEDB601DF95C" box="[304,550,1728,1750]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF91FFBEFDC7AEDA60BDF95C" box="[562,646,1729,1750]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Male (top) and female (bottom) gonophores from JSLII Dive 2646-CG3 specimen. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF91FFBEFF32AF07667AF84E" blockId="76.[151,1436,1820,1989]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF91FFBEFF32AF07637EF8BF" box="[199,325,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Gonophore</emphasis>
|
||
: The single male gonodendron was attached immediately posterior to a gastrozooid and the female one, with its thickened stalk, immediately followed it. The mature male gonophores were elongate structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF91FFBEFF6BAF7F632BF8F7" box="[158,272,1892,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 88" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1728,1750]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,519,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-284@76.[340,1247,519,1704]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 88. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Male (top) and female (bottom) gonophores from JSLII Dive 2646-CG3 specimen. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086672/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figure 88</figureCitation>
|
||
) measuring up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFE10AF7F6013F8F6" box="[485,552,1892,1917]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFD27AF7F6110F8F6" box="[722,811,1892,1917]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The female gonophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF91FFBEFB17AF7F676FF8F7" box="[1250,1364,1892,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 88" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1728,1750]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,519,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-284@76.[340,1247,519,1704]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 88. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Male (top) and female (bottom) gonophores from JSLII Dive 2646-CG3 specimen. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086672/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figure 88</figureCitation>
|
||
) were almost spherical, with a short triangular pedicel and a widely open mouth. They measured up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFB2FAF93670AF82A" box="[1242,1329,1928,1953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF91FFBEFF33AFB7633CF84E" box="[198,263,1964,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. No nematocysts were found on the gonophores of either sex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF90FFBFFF62AF176680F8A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086674" box="[151,1211,1804,1826]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086674/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" startId="77.[151,250,1804,1826]" targetBox="[340,1247,179,1783]" targetPageId="77">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF90FFBFFF62AF176680F8A8" blockId="77.[151,1211,1804,1826]" box="[151,1211,1804,1826]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF90FFBFFF62AF176324F8A8" bold="true" box="[151,287,1804,1826]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 89.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF90FFBFFED0AF17638DF8A8" box="[293,438,1804,1826]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nectalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="77" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stage">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF90FFBFFED0AF176340F8A8" box="[293,379,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Nectalia</emphasis>
|
||
stage
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF90FFBFFE22AF1760F3F8A8" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[471,712,1804,1826]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF90FFBFFE22AF1760F3F8A8" box="[471,712,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF90FFBFFD3BAF166126F8A8" box="[718,797,1805,1826]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from JSL II Dive 1679. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF90FFBCFF32AF526071FDEA" blockId="77.[151,1437,1865,2034]" lastBlockId="78.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF90FFBFFF32AF526351F8E8" box="[199,362,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Nectalia-stage</emphasis>
|
||
: Five of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF90FFBFFD7AAF5261A1F8E8" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[655,922,1865,1890]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF90FFBFFD7AAF5261A1F8E8" box="[655,922,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF90FFBFFC55AF5161CDF8EB" box="[928,1014,1866,1889]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were at the post-larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF90FFBFFB0FAF526762F8E8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[1274,1369,1865,1890]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nectalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF90FFBFFB0FAF526762F8E8" box="[1274,1369,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Nectalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-stage of development (see
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF90FFBFFE71AF766063F80C" box="[388,600,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
), of which three were collected during a single dive. One of these, with a nectophore and a C-type bract still attached is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF90FFBFFCFEAF8A6141F820" box="[779,890,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,179,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-138@77.[340,1247,179,1783]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 89. Nectalia stage of Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. from JSL II Dive 1679. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086674/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 89</figureCitation>
|
||
. The nectosome bore up to eighteen nectophores that did not differ from those of adult specimens. The short siphosome, in live, bore a corona of long larval bracts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF90FFBFFF6BAFC26320F878" box="[158,283,2009,2034]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[339,1249,667,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-677@78.[336,1250,663,1099]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 90. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper views of Nectalia-stage bracts of JSLII Dive 996-SS4 specimen. Proximal to the left. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086676/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figures 90</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF90FFBFFEDCAFC2637DF878" box="[297,326,2009,2034]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[392,1208,181,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-294@79.[386,1213,177,1382]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 91. Upper view of Type A (top left) and various views of Nectalia-stage larval bracts (all others) of Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. from JSLII 1679-CG12 specimen. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bars 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086678/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">91</figureCitation>
|
||
) that, in their preserved state measured up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF90FFBFFCA2AFC26186F87B" box="[855,957,2009,2034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="32.5">32.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. They bore two pairs of distinct lateral teeth, and a series of irregularly sized and positioned ectodermal patches was present on the upper side of the bract for much of its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF93FFBCFE0BA8A7604BFF5F" box="[510,624,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[339,1249,667,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-677@78.[336,1250,663,1099]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 90. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Upper views of Nectalia-stage bracts of JSLII Dive 996-SS4 specimen. Proximal to the left. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086676/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 90</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, abrasion often made these patches difficult to see. There was a median longitudinal ridge on the upper side of these bracts that ran from their distal end to the approximate level of the proximal pair of lateral teeth. However, in the proximal half of the bract this ridge was only weakly defined. The mesogloea was thickest at the proximal and distal ends of the bract, and in the central part of the bract the lateral sides delimited a distinct concave cavity. The distal end of the bract was triangular in cross section. The bracteal canal originated close to the proximal end of the bract and followed the median line on the lower side of the bract; thereby firstly curving slightly upwards and then downwards. It entered the mesogloea close to the distal tip of the bract, curling upwards and then straight toward the distal point ending below a small cupulate process. Only in this final section did the canal show and signs of narrowing. The cupulate process was relatively large in the younger bracts, and was filled with nematocysts; but when the latter were lost or used up the cavity decreased in size. Adult bracts were often found, in small numbers, with these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFC55AA3F61C4FDB7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[928,1023,548,573]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nectalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFC55AA3F61C4FDB7" box="[928,1023,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Nectalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-stage specimens, and were either of the A- or, more commonly, the C-type.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF93FFBCFF62AC7F6036FB13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086676/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" startId="78.[151,250,1124,1146]" targetBox="[339,1249,667,1097]" targetPageId="78">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF93FFBCFF62AC7F6036FB13" blockId="78.[151,1437,1124,1177]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFF62AC7F631EFBF0" bold="true" box="[151,293,1124,1146]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 90.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFEC4AC7F6012FBF0" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[305,553,1124,1146]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFEC4AC7F6012FBF0" box="[305,553,1124,1146]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF93FFBCFDC1AC7E60B2FBF0" box="[564,649,1125,1146]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Upper views of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFCBDAC7F61A5FBF0" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[840,926,1124,1146]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nectalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFCBDAC7F61A5FBF0" box="[840,926,1124,1146]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Nectalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-stage bracts of JSLII Dive 996-SS4 specimen. Proximal to the left. Scale bar 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF93FFBCFF32ACDB630DFA3B" blockId="78.[151,1437,1216,2033]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
The short siphosomal stem typically bore two or three gastrozooids, including the protozooid, and a number of palpons, usually about five per gastrozooid. Larval
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF93FFBCFD21ACFE613FFB77" box="[724,772,1253,1277]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||
tentilla branched from the tentacle of the protozooid, while the other gastrozooids had tentacles with adult
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF93FFBCFD53AD1260EDFAAB" box="[678,726,1289,1313]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||
tentilla. The larval tentilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF93FFBCFBFAAD1366BBFAAB" box="[1039,1152,1288,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[355,1232,206,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-73@80.[340,1247,193,1080]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 92. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. A. Larval tentilla, and B. palpons from JSLII 1679-D6 Nectalia-stage specimen. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086680/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 92</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFB79AD13669BFAAB" bold="true" box="[1164,1184,1288,1313]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
|
||
) somewhat resembled those that D.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B5BFF93FFBCFECEAD3763F2FACF" author="Carre, D." box="[315,457,1324,1349]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="77 - 93" refId="ref55977" refString="Carre, D. (1971) Etude du developpement d' Halistemma rubrum (Vogt 1852) Siphonophore Physonecte Agalmidae. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 12, 77 - 93." type="journal article" year="1971">Carré (1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Plate II, fig. 1) illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFCB4AD376613FACF" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1954" box="[833,1064,1324,1349]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFCB4AD376613FACF" box="[833,1064,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Halistemma rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there were certain notable differences. The tentilla were borne on long contractile pedicels and consisted of a sac, enclosing the cnidoband and a double elastic band, with a domed terminal process, with a short terminal filament projecting out from its distal summit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF93FFBCFF32ADA76399F927" blockId="78.[151,1437,1216,2033]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
The terminal process and filament bore no nematocysts, and the former often was annulated. Immediately proximal to the terminal process a dark band formed the beginning of the cnidoband, which stretched down one side of the enclosing sac for about two-thirds of its length. Two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF93FFBCFC98AE1E6193F997" box="[877,936,1541,1565]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of nematocysts were found. A row of about 25 stenoteles was present on either side of the cnidoband, but only on its distal two-thirds, that is the part closer to the pedicel. These stenoteles measured c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF93FFBCFD7AAE5760E5F9EF" box="[655,734,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF93FFBCFC63AE5761C1F9EF" box="[918,1018,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="27.5">27.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The remainder of the cnidoband was filled with banana-shaped nematocysts, probably anisorhizas, which measured c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF93FFBCFB10AE6B670BF903" box="[1253,1328,1648,1673]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF93FFBCFF33AE8F632DF927" box="[198,278,1684,1709]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF93FFBCFF32AEA261E6F8EB" blockId="78.[151,1437,1216,2033]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
In some, but not all, of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFDF4AEA3605BF95B" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[513,608,1720,1745]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nectalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFDF4AEA3605BF95B" box="[513,608,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Nectalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-stage specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFCBCAEA3666DF95B" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[841,1110,1720,1745]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFCBCAEA3666DF95B" box="[841,1110,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF93FFBCFBABAEA2668CF95A" box="[1118,1207,1721,1744]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the palpons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF93FFBCFAA4AEA3628DF97F" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[355,1232,206,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-73@80.[340,1247,193,1080]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 92. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. A. Larval tentilla, and B. palpons from JSLII 1679-D6 Nectalia-stage specimen. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086680/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 92</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFF36AEC762EDF97E" bold="true" box="[195,214,1756,1780]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">B</emphasis>
|
||
) showed certain differences from the ones found on the adult specimens. The distal proboscis region was often more pronounced, with a dark subterminal annular structure. In addition and usually, but not always, at the proximal end of the palpon there were included darker structures that were made up of variously sized oil globules. On occasion this these structures projected out from the side of the palpon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF93FFBCFF32AF776163F87B" blockId="78.[151,1437,1216,2033]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFF32AF776312F80F" box="[199,297,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: As noted in the remarks on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFD81AF77661AF80F" authority=", Totton (1954)" authorityName=", Totton" authorityYear="1954" box="[628,1057,1900,1925]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cupulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFD81AF77614CF80F" box="[628,887,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Halistemma cupulifera</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B5BFF93FFBCFC73AF76661AF80F" author="Totton, A. K." box="[902,1057,1900,1925]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref60881" refString="Totton, A. K. (1954) Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans. Discovery Reports, 27, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1954">Totton (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found two forms of nectophores, which he called "e-type" and "f-type", and which he ascribed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFC98AF8B666BF823" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1954" box="[877,1104,1936,1961]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFC98AF8B666BF823" box="[877,1104,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Halistemma rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We believe that the "e-type" nectophores belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFE5DAFAE6078F847" authorityName=", Totton" authorityYear="1954" box="[424,579,1972,1997]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cupulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFE5DAFAE6078F847" box="[424,579,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">H. cupulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that the "f-type" ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF93FFBCFC56AFAF6623F847" box="[931,1048,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[345,1244,1208,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-82@80.[340,1248,1204,1899]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 93. "F-type" nectophores, probably of Halistemma maculatum sp. nov., from Totton (1954, Text—fig. 16, C, D, F) Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086682/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 93</figureCitation>
|
||
) belong to this new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF93FFBCFA74AFAE632FF87B" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF93FFBCFA74AFAE632FF87B" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">H. maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF93FFBCFEEFAFC26348F87A" box="[282,371,2009,2032]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, although it is difficult to be certain of this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF92FFBDFF62AD6766FFFA3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086678/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,250,1404,1426]" targetBox="[392,1208,181,1376]" targetPageId="79">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF92FFBDFF62AD6766FFFA3B" blockId="79.[151,1436,1404,1457]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFF62AD676319FA18" bold="true" box="[151,290,1404,1426]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 91.</emphasis>
|
||
Upper view of Type
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFDF3AD67602EFA18" box="[518,533,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A</emphasis>
|
||
(top left) and various views of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF92FFBDFC93AD676187FA18" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[870,956,1404,1426]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nectalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFC93AD676187FA18" box="[870,956,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Nectalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-stage larval bracts (all others) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF92FFBDFAD7AD676333FA3B" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFAD7AD676333FA3B" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF92FFBDFEF8AD876367FA3B" box="[269,348,1436,1457]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from JSLII 1679-CG12 specimen. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bars 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF92FFBDFF32ADC3611BF92F" blockId="79.[151,1437,1496,2025]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Nevertheless, the nectophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF92FFBDFDB4ADC36178FA7B" authorityName=", Totton" authorityYear="1954" box="[577,835,1496,1521]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cupulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFDB4ADC36178FA7B" box="[577,835,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Halistemma cupulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF92FFBDFC89ADC26627FA7B" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[892,1052,1496,1521]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFC89ADC26627FA7B" box="[892,1052,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">H. maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF92FFBDFBD0ADC26646FA7A" box="[1061,1149,1497,1520]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are of a similar size. For both a mouth plate is present and the vertical lateral ridges are complete. The main difference between them is that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF92FFBDFF46AE3A637CF9B3" authorityName=", Totton" authorityYear="1954" box="[179,327,1568,1593]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cupulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFF46AE3A637CF9B3" box="[179,327,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">H. cupulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the axial wings are squarely truncated and the thrust block extends to the same level, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF92FFBDFA74AE3A62CAF9D7" authorityName="Pugh" authorityYear="2006" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="foliacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFA74AE3A62CAF9D7" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">H. foliacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the axial wings are obliquely truncated and the broader thrust block does not extend to their level. However, such differences would probably not be apparent on specimens that were collected and probably mutilated by nets, such as Totton's specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF92FFBDFD54AE976128F92F" box="[673,787,1676,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[345,1244,1208,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-82@80.[340,1248,1204,1899]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 93. "F-type" nectophores, probably of Halistemma maculatum sp. nov., from Totton (1954, Text—fig. 16, C, D, F) Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086682/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figure 93</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF92FFBDFF32AEAB62C8F8D3" blockId="79.[151,1437,1496,2025]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
The form of the different
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE8808FF92FFBDFE0DAEAA6008F943" box="[504,563,1713,1737]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of bract for each of these two species is very different and should clearly distinguish them, as might the arrangement of the gonodendra. However, the clear distinguishing feature is the structure of the tentilla. The terminal filament of the tentillum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF92FFBDFC6AAEE3669EF89B" authorityName=", Totton" authorityYear="1954" box="[927,1189,1784,1809]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cupulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFC6AAEE3669EF89B" box="[927,1189,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Halistemma cupulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ends in a very large cupulate process, while the terminal process on the filament of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF92FFBDFCA8AF0661C7F8BF" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[861,1020,1820,1845]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFCA8AF0661C7F8BF" box="[861,1020,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">H. maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF92FFBDFBF6AF066661F8BE" box="[1027,1114,1821,1844]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is very small (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF92FFBDFAD0AF0767A7F8BF" box="[1317,1436,1820,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="37.[151,250,767,789]" captionTargetBox="[404,1182,195,747]" captionTargetId="figure-305@37.[404,1182,195,747]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 34. Halistemma cupulifera. Four tentilla from the JSLII Dive 1450 specimen. cn: cnidoband; i: involucrum; tf: terminal filament; tp: terminal process. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086575/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figures 34</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A2FFF92FFBDFF33AF5B62DDF8D3" box="[198,230,1856,1881]" captionStart="FIGURE 86" captionStartId="75.[151,250,709,731]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,195,685]" captionTargetId="figure-227@75.[340,1247,195,685]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 86. Halistemma maculatum sp. nov. Mature tentilla from type specimen. Proximal at top, distal at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086668/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">86</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF92FFBDFF32AF7F6768F82A" blockId="79.[151,1437,1496,2025]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF92FFBDFF32AF7F636BF8F7" box="[199,336,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: All the specimens were collected in the region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342763AFF92FFBDFC65AF7F661FF8F7" box="[912,1060,1892,1917]" name="Bahamas" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, within an area only slight over a degree square. As well as the specimens examined, two others, from the same region, are known. These are:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF92FFBDFF32AFB76621F84E" blockId="79.[151,1437,1496,2025]" box="[199,1050,1964,1989]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF92FFBDFF32AFB76621F84E" box="[199,1050,1964,1989]" collectingDate="1989-11-02" collectionCode="JSLI" elevation="777" latitude="26.375" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-78.638336" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF92FFBDFF32AFB762C7F84F" box="[199,252,1964,1989]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">JSLI</collectionCode>
|
||
Dive 2631-DS6,
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF92FFBDFE34AFB760B5F84F" box="[449,654,1964,1989]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1989-11-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF92FFBDFE34AFB760B5F84F" box="[449,654,1964,1989]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1989-11-02">2 November 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF92FFBDFD6CAFB76130F84F" box="[665,779,1964,1989]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="22.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="92" value="26.375">26°22.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF92FFBDFCE7AFB761B1F84F" box="[786,906,1964,1989]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="38.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="92" value="-78.638336">78°38.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF92FFBDFC2FAFB66621F84E" box="[986,1050,1965,1988]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.77" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="777.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078D199FF92FFBDFC2FAFB66621F84E" box="[986,1050,1965,1988]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.77" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="777.0">777m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF92FFBDFF32AFCB661AF862" blockId="79.[151,1437,1496,2025]" box="[199,1057,2000,2025]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF92FFBDFF32AFCB661AF862" box="[199,1057,2000,2025]" collectingDate="1989-11-04" collectionCode="JSLI" elevation="806" latitude="26.235" longLatPrecision="124" longitude="-77.73167" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" specimenCount="806">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE6FFF92FFBDFF32AFCB62C7F863" box="[199,252,2000,2025]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">JSLI</collectionCode>
|
||
Dive 2634-DS7,
|
||
<date id="FFEB106AFF92FFBDFE34AFCB60BCF863" box="[449,647,2000,2025]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1989-11-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFE982FF92FFBDFE34AFCB60BCF863" box="[449,647,2000,2025]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1989-11-04">4 November1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF92FFBDFD67AFCB613FF863" box="[658,772,2000,2025]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="14.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="92" value="26.235">26°14.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF92FFBDFCFEAFCB61B9F863" box="[779,898,2000,2025]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="43.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="92" value="-77.73167">77°43.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF92FFBDFC26AFCB661AF862" box="[979,1057,2000,2025]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF92FFBDFC26AFCB6626F862" box="[979,1053,2000,2025]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.059999999999999" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="806.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078D199FF92FFBDFC26AFCB6626F862" box="[979,1053,2000,2025]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.059999999999999" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="806.0">806 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF8DFFA2FF62AC56637DFB08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086680/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,250,1101,1123]" targetBox="[355,1232,206,1072]" targetPageId="80">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF8DFFA2FF62AC56637DFB08" blockId="80.[151,1437,1101,1154]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8DFFA2FF62AC566324FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,287,1101,1123]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 92.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF8DFFA2FED0AC56602CFBE9" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[293,535,1101,1123]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8DFFA2FED0AC56602CFBE9" box="[293,535,1101,1123]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF8DFFA2FDE9AC556050FBE9" box="[540,619,1102,1123]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8DFFA2FD85AC5660B9FBE9" bold="true" box="[624,642,1101,1123]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Larval tentilla, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8DFFA2FCA0AC56615DFBE9" bold="true" box="[853,870,1101,1123]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
|
||
. palpons from JSLII 1679-D6
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF8DFFA2FB68AC5666C8FBE9" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[1181,1267,1101,1123]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nectalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8DFFA2FB68AC5666C8FBE9" box="[1181,1267,1101,1123]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Nectalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-stage specimen. Scale bars 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6622FF8DFFA2FF62AF9B6307F83F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10086682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10086682/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,250,1920,1942]" targetBox="[345,1244,1208,1894]" targetPageId="80">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF8DFFA2FF62AF9B6307F83F" blockId="80.[151,1435,1920,1973]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8DFFA2FF62AF9B631AF81C" bold="true" box="[151,289,1920,1942]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 93.</emphasis>
|
||
"F-type" nectophores, probably of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF8DFFA2FD78AF9B61BBF81C" authorityName="Pugh & Baxter" authorityYear="2014" box="[653,896,1920,1942]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8DFFA2FD78AF9B61BBF81C" box="[653,896,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Halistemma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257C3FF8DFFA2FC72AF9A61E2F81C" box="[903,985,1921,1942]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B5BFF8DFFA2FBE8AF9A6698F81C" author="Totton, A. K." box="[1053,1187,1920,1942]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref60881" refString="Totton, A. K. (1954) Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans. Discovery Reports, 27, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1954">Totton (1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Text—fig. 16, C, D, F) Scale bar 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF8CFFA3FF32A88C61CCFE97" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Apart from the specimens from JSLII Dive 716 and 1679-CG12—the former's depth of collection being rather dubious and the latter's unrecorded; all the specimens were collected with the moderately narrow depth range of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF8CFFA3FF62A8C4630AFF7D" box="[151,305,223,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.025" metricValueMax="8.37" metricValueMin="5.68" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="702.5" valueMax="837.0" valueMin="568.0">
|
||
568 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD23FF8CFFA3FF13A8C4630AFF7D" box="[230,305,223,248]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="generic">837 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. The mean depth for all the specimens was 727 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF8CFFA3FC9CA8C461FCFF7D" box="[873,967,223,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.145" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="91.45">91.45 m</quantity>
|
||
, with the five "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF8CFFA3FB86A8C466EDFF72" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[1139,1238,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nectalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Nectalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
" stage specimens tending to be among the shallower occurring ones (mean depth 651±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B4FFF8CFFA3FC6DA91F61D0FE97" box="[920,1003,260,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="80.5">80.5 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF8CFFA3FF32A93C604EFE02" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF8CFFA3FF32A93C60B1FEEF" country="Somalia" latitude="2.6566668" location="Discovery St." longLatPrecision="130" longitude="50.773335" municipality="Indian Ocean" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B5BFF8CFFA3FF32A93C634CFECA" author="Totton, A. K." box="[199,375,295,320]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref60881" refString="Totton, A. K. (1954) Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans. Discovery Reports, 27, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1954">Totton's (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
"f-type" nectophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D29FF8CFFA3FD50A93C61B5FECA" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1954" box="[677,910,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Halistemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8CFFA3FD50A93C61B5FECA" box="[677,910,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Halistemma rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
came from
|
||
<location id="8E8A6071FF8CFFA3FBD2A93366FFFECA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87BCFF98FFA3FF62A88C67A9FE27:8E8A6071FF8CFFA3FBD2A93366FFFECA" box="[1063,1220,295,320]" country="Somalia" latitude="2.6566668" longLatPrecision="130" longitude="50.773335" municipality="Indian Ocean" name="Discovery St." pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8CFFA3FBD2A93366A2FEB5" box="[1063,1177,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Discovery</emphasis>
|
||
St.
|
||
</location>
|
||
1586 at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF8CFFA3FACDA93C67A7FECA" box="[1336,1436,295,320]" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="39.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="92" value="2.6566668">2°39.4'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF8CFFA3FF62A957633CFEEF" box="[151,263,332,357]" degrees="50" direction="east" minutes="46.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="92" value="50.773335">50°46.4'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EACD0FF8CFFA3FE94A95763C0FEEF" box="[353,507,332,357]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Indian Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342763AFF8CFFA3FDDBA95760B1FEEF" box="[558,650,332,357]" name="Somalia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CF7FF8CFFA3FD66A957604AFE02" country="Maldives" latitude="-4.9833336" location="Mahabiss St." longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="73.26667" municipality="central Indian Ocean" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1">
|
||
and possibly also from
|
||
<location id="8E8A6071FF8CFFA3FC51A957660CFEEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87BCFF98FFA3FF62A88C67A9FE27:8E8A6071FF8CFFA3FC51A957660CFEEF" box="[932,1079,332,357]" country="Maldives" latitude="-4.9833336" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="73.26667" municipality="central Indian Ocean" name="Mahabiss St." pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Mahabiss St.</location>
|
||
145 at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF8CFFA3FB67A95766E7FEEF" box="[1170,1244,332,357]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="925" value="-4.9833336">4°59'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61506DFF8CFFA3FB13A9576779FEEF" box="[1254,1346,332,357]" degrees="73" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="925" value="73.26667">73°16'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EACD0FF8CFFA3FAA5A9576317FE02" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">central Indian Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
to the south of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342763AFF8CFFA3FDF0A974604AFE02" box="[517,625,367,392]" name="Maldives" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36AAFF8CFFA3FF32A98F67A9FE27" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,429]" box="[199,1426,404,429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAB8FF8CFFA3FF32A98F6304FE27" box="[199,319,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: The species is named for the ectodermal patches or maculae found on the nectophores and bracts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |