324 lines
47 KiB
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324 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="47CC1F216CD618A5D68D77EF7E3B9F3D">A review of the powderpost beetle genera Xylothrips Lesne, 1901 and Calophagus Lesne, 1902 (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae: Bostrichinae: Xyloperthini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D22A48DB5187CBA03DFB9C7FB6BE09C4">Liu, Lan-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8F368E44F607E36148F53444843C2452">Department of Science Communication, National Pingtung University, No. 1, Linsen Rd, Pingtung City, Pingtung County 90049, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8877E3DE01356EBE8407581515B29329">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FA5D650C61FFE1EA5212F85D66F814" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4716231" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181536488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4716231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA5D650C61FFE1EA5212F85D66F814" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA5D650C61FFE1EA5212F85D66F814" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
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<subSubSection id="C349BFF80C61FFE7EA5212F85FFAFD78" box="[614,973,646,673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE7EA5212F85FFAFD78" blockId="2.[614,973,646,708]" box="[614,973,646,673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
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<heading id="D0A45B1F0C61FFE7EA5212F85FFAFD78" box="[614,973,646,673]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EA8D12F95FFAFD78" ID-CoL="89LJ" authority="Lesne, 1901" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1901" box="[697,973,646,673]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EA8D12F95F00FD78" bold="true" box="[697,823,646,673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Xylothrips</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7EB0A12F85FFAFD78" author="Lesne P." box="[830,973,647,673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="473 - 639" refId="ref9445" refString="Lesne P. 1901. Revision des coleopteres de la famille des bostrychides. 4 e memoire. Bostrychinae sens. strict. II. Les Xylopertha. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 69: 473 - 639." type="journal article" year="1901">Lesne, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C349BFF80C61FFE7EAF412D55F43FD1D" box="[704,884,682,708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE7EAF412D55F43FD1D" blockId="2.[614,973,646,708]" box="[704,884,682,708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
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<figureCitation id="1368F0F60C61FFE7EAF412D55F0CFD1D" box="[704,827,682,708]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1727,1753]" captionTargetBox="[209,1397,266,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-125@3.[189,1398,259,1707]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. A–B. Calophagus pekinensis Lesne, 1902, ♀ (SNSD). A. Anterolateral view showing the antennae, with two strips of golden hairs on sides. B. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing absence of lateral carina on pronotum. C–D. Xylothrips flavipes (Illiger, 1801), ♂ (LYL). C. Frontal view showing the antennae, matt without sensory areas. D. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing clear lateral carina on pronotum. E–F. Xylothrips religiosus (Boisduval, 1835), ♂ (LYL). E. Frontal view showing the antennae, matt without sensory areas. F. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing clear lateral carina on pronotum. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4714357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4714357/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Figs 1C–F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1368F0F60C61FFE7EB7312D55F43FD1D" box="[839,884,682,708]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig 3" captionStartId-0="6.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionStartId-1="9.[185,226,1901,1927]" captionTargetBox-0="[195,1395,1182,1900]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1391,1180,1865]" captionTargetId-0="figure-385@6.[189,1398,1170,1912]" captionTargetId-1="figure-378@9.[189,1398,1175,1873]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Xylothrips flavipes (Illiger, 1801), ♀ (LYL). A. Frontal view. B. Lateral view of declivity. C. Declivity. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm (upper scale for A–C; lower scale for D–E)." captionText-1="Fig 3. Xylothrips religiosus (Boisduval, 1835), ♀ (LYL). A. Frontal view. B. Dorsal view. C. Declivity. D. Lateral view of declivity. E. Lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm (upper scale for B, E; lower scale for A, C–D)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4716238" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4716244" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4716238/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4716244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">2–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB43CB5D0C61FFE7E889128C5DE6FCE8" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
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<subSubSection id="C349BFF80C61FFE7E889128C5E2CFCD4" box="[189,539,755,782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE7E889128C5E2CFCD4" blockId="2.[189,1398,755,817]" box="[189,539,755,782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF2CA620C61FFE7E889128C5E3CFCD4" author="Lesne P." box="[189,523,755,782]" page="620" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" year="1901">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7E889128C5E3CFCD4" ID-CoL="89LJ" authority="Lesne, 1901: 620" authorityName="Lesne" authorityPageNumber="620" authorityYear="1901" box="[189,523,755,782]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7E889128C5D00FCD4" box="[189,311,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Xylothrips</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7E90B128B5E3CFCD4" author="Lesne P." box="[319,523,755,782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="473 - 639" refId="ref9445" refString="Lesne P. 1901. Revision des coleopteres de la famille des bostrychides. 4 e memoire. Bostrychinae sens. strict. II. Les Xylopertha. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 69: 473 - 639." type="journal article" year="1901">Lesne, 1901: 620</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C349BFF80C61FFE7EA28128C5DE6FCE8" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE7EA28128C5DE6FCE8" blockId="2.[189,1398,755,817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
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<typeStatus id="54E852D10C61FFE7EA28128C5E67FCD4" box="[540,592,755,781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF2CA620C61FFE7EA89128C5800FCD4" author="Illiger J. K. W." box="[701,1079,755,781]" page="171" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" year="1801">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EA89128C5800FCD4" authority="Illiger, 1801: 171" authorityName="Illiger" authorityPageNumber="171" authorityYear="1801" box="[701,1079,755,781]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Apate" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
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<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EA89128C5F53FCD4" box="[701,868,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Apate flavipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7EB5F128C5800FCD4" author="Illiger J. K. W." box="[875,1079,755,781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="163 - 208" refId="ref9296" refString="Illiger J. K. W. 1801. Neue Insekten. Magazin fur Insektenkunde 1 (1 - 2): 163 - 208." type="journal article" year="1801">Illiger, 1801: 171</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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by subsequent designation in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF2CA620C61FFE7E93D13695DF4FCE8" author="Chujo M." box="[265,451,790,817]" page="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" year="1937">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7E93D13695DF4FCE8" author="Chujo M." box="[265,451,790,817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref9127" refString="Chujo M. 1937. Family Bostrychidae, Family Lyctidae. Class Insecta, Coleopteroidea - Coleoptera. Fauna Nippon 10 (8 - 7): 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1937">Chûjō 1937: 58</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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<subSubSection id="C349BFF80C61FFE7E88913205885F90D" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE7E88913205D01FCA0" blockId="2.[189,310,863,889]" box="[189,310,863,889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
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<heading id="D0A45B1F0C61FFE7E88913205D01FCA0" bold="true" box="[189,310,863,889]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7E88913205D01FCA0" bold="true" box="[189,310,863,889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE7E88913F15F15FAD1" blockId="2.[189,1400,910,1289]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
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As a member of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7E9BC13F15E16FC71" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1921" box="[392,545,910,936]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xyloperthini">Xyloperthini</taxonomicName>
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, the genus is characterised by the lamelliform intercoxal process of the first abdominal ventrite, the mandibles crossed at the tips and the well-developed to elongated antennal club (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7E93713AB5DA3FC37" author="Lesne P." box="[259,404,980,1006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="285 - 289" refId="ref9506" refString="Lesne P. 1921. Classification des coleopteres xylophages de la famille des bostrychides. Comptes rendus de l'Association francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences 1920: 285 - 289. Available from http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 27278 # page / 289 / mode / [accessed 23 Mar. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1921">Lesne 1921</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7E99113AB5E00FC36" author="Fisher W. S." box="[421,567,980,1007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 157" refId="ref9197" refString="Fisher W. S. 1950. A revision of the North American species of beetles belonging to the family Bostrichidae. Miscellaneous Publications, United States Department of Agriculture 698: 1 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65663" type="journal article" year="1950">Fisher 1950</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7EA7C13AB5F52FC37" author="Liu L. Y. & Schonitzer K." box="[584,869,980,1006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="99 - 132" refId="ref9788" refString="Liu L. Y. & Schonitzer K. 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of the family Bostrichidae auct. at suprageneric levels (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Mitteilungen der Munchener entomologischen Gesellschaft 101: 99 - 132." type="journal article" year="2011">Liu & Schönitzer 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). The genus is distinguished from all other genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7E90613885DFFFBC8" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1921" box="[306,456,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xyloperthini">Xyloperthini</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: antenna with ten antennomeres, the funicle with five, and club with three antennomeres, the funicle as long as the first club segment with a rim of long, erect hairs around each segment, antennal club matt without clear sensory impressions or stiff hairs, with a series of erect hairs on the inner side and one long erect hair on the anterolateral angle of each club segment (
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<figureCitation id="1368F0F60C61FFE7E9FA14FB5E67FB46" box="[462,592,1156,1183]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1727,1753]" captionTargetBox="[209,1397,266,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-125@3.[189,1398,259,1707]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. A–B. Calophagus pekinensis Lesne, 1902, ♀ (SNSD). A. Anterolateral view showing the antennae, with two strips of golden hairs on sides. B. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing absence of lateral carina on pronotum. C–D. Xylothrips flavipes (Illiger, 1801), ♂ (LYL). C. Frontal view showing the antennae, matt without sensory areas. D. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing clear lateral carina on pronotum. E–F. Xylothrips religiosus (Boisduval, 1835), ♂ (LYL). E. Frontal view showing the antennae, matt without sensory areas. F. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing clear lateral carina on pronotum. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4714357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4714357/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Fig. 1C, E</figureCitation>
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); long and distinct lateral ridge-like carinae on pronotum (
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<figureCitation id="1368F0F60C61FFE7ED2614FB5CE7FB1B" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1727,1753]" captionTargetBox="[209,1397,266,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-125@3.[189,1398,259,1707]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. A–B. Calophagus pekinensis Lesne, 1902, ♀ (SNSD). A. Anterolateral view showing the antennae, with two strips of golden hairs on sides. B. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing absence of lateral carina on pronotum. C–D. Xylothrips flavipes (Illiger, 1801), ♂ (LYL). C. Frontal view showing the antennae, matt without sensory areas. D. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing clear lateral carina on pronotum. E–F. Xylothrips religiosus (Boisduval, 1835), ♂ (LYL). E. Frontal view showing the antennae, matt without sensory areas. F. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing clear lateral carina on pronotum. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4714357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4714357/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Fig. 1D, F</figureCitation>
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), which
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<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7E90114D85DADFB18" box="[309,410,1191,1217]" form="the" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" rank="form">form the</taxonomicName>
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acute posterolateral angles of the pronotum; elytral suture slightly raised behind the summit of declivity, but not swollen at all (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1368F0F60C61FFE7EA8D14B55F2CFB3C" box="[697,795,1226,1253]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,1182,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-385@6.[189,1398,1170,1912]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Xylothrips flavipes (Illiger, 1801), ♀ (LYL). A. Frontal view. B. Lateral view of declivity. C. Declivity. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm (upper scale for A–C; lower scale for D–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4716238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4716238/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1368F0F60C61FFE7EB1C14B45F7AFB3C" box="[808,845,1227,1253]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="9.[185,226,1901,1927]" captionTargetBox="[189,1391,1180,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-378@9.[189,1398,1175,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 3. Xylothrips religiosus (Boisduval, 1835), ♀ (LYL). A. Frontal view. B. Dorsal view. C. Declivity. D. Lateral view of declivity. E. Lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm (upper scale for B, E; lower scale for A, C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4716244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4716244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); both sexes with pleural pieces at sides of last ventrite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1368F0F60C61FFE7E91314915DB5FAD1" box="[295,386,1262,1288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,1182,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-385@6.[189,1398,1170,1912]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Xylothrips flavipes (Illiger, 1801), ♀ (LYL). A. Frontal view. B. Lateral view of declivity. C. Declivity. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm (upper scale for A–C; lower scale for D–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4716238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4716238/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species are
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB41960C61FFE7EA6614915EE8FAD1" box="[594,735,1262,1289]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5‒8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE7E88915485885F90D" blockId="2.[188,1399,1335,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
|
||
Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7E94D15485DC4FA88" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1901" box="[377,499,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7E94D15485DC4FA88" box="[377,499,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Xylothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the other four genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EB2815485F85FA88" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1921" box="[796,946,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xyloperthini">Xyloperthini</taxonomicName>
|
||
with ten antennomeres which occur in the same geographical area, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EA0815255F66FAAD" authority="Lesne, 1936" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1936" box="[572,849,1370,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Calonistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EA0815255E8FFAAD" box="[572,696,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Calonistes</emphasis>
|
||
Lesne, 1936
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EB691525587BFAAD" authority="Lesne, 1901" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1901" box="[861,1100,1370,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylocis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EB6915255F84FAAD" box="[861,947,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Xylocis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7EB8F1525587BFAAD" author="Lesne P." box="[955,1100,1370,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="473 - 639" refId="ref9445" refString="Lesne P. 1901. Revision des coleopteres de la famille des bostrychides. 4 e memoire. Bostrychinae sens. strict. II. Les Xylopertha. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 69: 473 - 639." type="journal article" year="1901">Lesne, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EC6D15255940FAAD" authority="Lesne, 1906" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1906" box="[1113,1399,1370,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EC6D152558D7FAAD" box="[1113,1248,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Xylophorus</emphasis>
|
||
Lesne, 1906
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7E8C515025E27FA4E" authority="Lesne, 1941" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1941" box="[241,528,1405,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Paraxylion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7E8C515025D44FA4E" box="[241,371,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Paraxylion</emphasis>
|
||
Lesne, 1941
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, can be distinguished by the lack of lateral carinae on the pronotum and being less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB41960C61FFE7E94715DF5DFBFA62" box="[371,460,1440,1467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EA7015DF5EF1FA63" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1941" box="[580,710,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Paraxylion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EA7015DF5EF1FA63" box="[580,710,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Paraxylion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be distinguished by the two circular sensory areas close to the anterior margin on the first and second club antennomeres. In the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7ECA815BC5902FA04" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1921" box="[1180,1333,1475,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xyloperthini">Xyloperthini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7E88915985E9CF9D8" authority="Anonymous, 1939" authorityName="Anonymous" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,683,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Amintinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7E88915985D03F9D8" box="[189,308,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Amintinus</emphasis>
|
||
Anonymous, 1939 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7EA1F15985E94F9D8" author="Ivie M. A." box="[555,675,1511,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="28 - 46" refId="ref9322" refString="Ivie M. A. 2010. Additions and corrections to Borowski & Wegrzynowicz's world catalogue of Bostrichidae (Coleoptera). Zootaxa 2498 (1): 28 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2498.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">Ivie 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EA8E15985FEAF9D8" authority="Lesne, 1901" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1901" box="[698,989,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylopsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EA8E15985F77F9D8" box="[698,832,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Xylopsocus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7EB7E15985FEAF9D8" author="Lesne P." box="[842,989,1511,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="473 - 639" refId="ref9445" refString="Lesne P. 1901. Revision des coleopteres de la famille des bostrychides. 4 e memoire. Bostrychinae sens. strict. II. Les Xylopertha. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 69: 473 - 639." type="journal article" year="1901">Lesne, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EC2F159858A2F9D8" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1901" box="[1051,1173,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EC2F159858A2F9D8" box="[1051,1173,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Xylothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess the ridgelike ‘true’ lateral carina of the pronotum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7EA8B16755F67F9FD" author="Lesne P." box="[703,848,1546,1572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref9604" refString="Lesne P. 1932. Coleopteres des Iles Mascareignes (mission scientifique de P. Caerie, 1910 - 1913). Bostrychides, clerides, supplement aux buprestides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 101: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1932">Lesne 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7EB5416755F98F9FC" author="Lesne P." box="[864,943,1546,1573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="387 - 395" refId="ref9675" refString="Lesne P. 1938 b. Entomological expedition to Abyssinia, 1926 - 7: Coleoptera, Bostrychidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11 2 (10): 387 - 395. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933808526865" type="journal article" year="1938">1938b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EBF21675580AF9FD" authorityName="Anonymous" authorityYear="1939" box="[966,1085,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Amintinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EBF21675580AF9FD" box="[966,1085,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Amintinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an African genus with species about 3.0‒
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB41960C61FFE7E9A716525DDCF991" box="[403,491,1581,1608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length without marginal tubercles on the elytral declivity, the lateral margin prominent and the lower apical margin thickened, emarginated.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EBF3162F587AF9B3" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1901" box="[967,1101,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylopsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EBF3162F587AF9B3" box="[967,1101,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Xylopsocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by the lack of pleural pieces at the sides of the last ventrite of the male, smaller size (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB41960C61FFE7ECDC160C5940F957" box="[1256,1399,1651,1678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5‒4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length) and the presence of only 9 antennomeres in a few species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EC3416E75945F968" authority="(Fabricius, 1781)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[1024,1394,1687,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylopsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capucinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EC3416E758ADF968" box="[1024,1178,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">X. capucinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1781)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7E88916C45DC4F90D" authority="Damoiseau" authorityName="Damoiseau" authorityYear="1993" box="[189,499,1722,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylopsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7E88916C45D5EF90D" box="[189,361,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">X. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
Damoiseau
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Damoiseau & Coulon, 1993 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C61FFE7EBAF16C45892F90D" authority="Lesne, 1901" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1901" box="[923,1189,1722,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylopsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7EBAF16C4583DF90D" box="[923,1034,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">X. radula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C61FFE7EC2516C55892F90D" author="Lesne P." box="[1041,1189,1722,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" pagination="473 - 639" refId="ref9445" refString="Lesne P. 1901. Revision des coleopteres de la famille des bostrychides. 4 e memoire. Bostrychinae sens. strict. II. Les Xylopertha. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 69: 473 - 639." type="journal article" year="1901">Lesne, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C349BFF80C61FFE1E889177C58B4F9F6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE7E889177C5D79F8C4" blockId="2.[189,334,1795,1821]" box="[189,334,1795,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<heading id="D0A45B1F0C61FFE7E889177C5D79F8C4" bold="true" box="[189,334,1795,1821]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C61FFE7E889177C5D79F8C4" bold="true" box="[189,334,1795,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE7E889174D5EE8F892" blockId="2.[189,735,1841,1868]" box="[189,735,1841,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">
|
||
BODY. Elongate, cylindrical,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB41960C61FFE7EA3B174E5EABF895" box="[527,668,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="132" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5–8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C61FFE1E88917045FDFFE2F" blockId="2.[189,1399,1914,2011]" lastBlockId="4.[189,1399,265,503]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="2" pageNumber="132">HEAD. Deeply inserted in prothorax, not visible from above. Frons simple, finely punctured, with upwardly directed hairs, denser and much longer in female, fronto-clypeal suture distinct, strongly impressed in middle; clypeus transverse, anterior margin forms an arc in the middle, finely and densely punctured; labrum transverse with a fringe of long hairs along anterior margin. Mandibles subequal, sharply pointed. Eyes rather large, oval, detached from temples posteriorly. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, first two elongate, antennomeres 3–7 forming a funicle, each antennomere transverse, the fifth widest, together about as long as first antennomere of club, antennomeres 8–10 forming elongate club, about twice as long as rest of antenna; lacking distinct, clearly defined sensory impressions or stiff hair area on all antennomeres; first two antennomeres of antennal club about 1.2 –1.5 times as long as wide and last antennomere slender, about 2–3 times as long as wide, elongate oval.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2CBCFB0C60FFE6E88916C05F2EF874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4714357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4714357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4714357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="133" startId="3.[189,232,1727,1753]" targetBox="[209,1397,266,1697]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C60FFE6E88916C05F2EF874" blockId="3.[188,1399,1727,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6E88916C05D63F900" bold="true" box="[189,340,1727,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">Fig. 1. A–B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C60FFE6E95D16BF5F14F903" authority="Lesne, 1902" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1902" box="[361,803,1728,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Calophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pekinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6E95D16BF5E49F903" box="[361,638,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">Calophagus pekinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C60FFE6EABF16BF5F14F903" author="Lesne P." box="[651,803,1728,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133" pagination="105 - 136" refId="ref9486" refString="Lesne P. 1902. Synopsis des bostrychides palearctiques. L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie 30: 105 - 136." type="journal article" year="1902">Lesne, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀ (SNSD).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6EBFF16C05FD7F900" bold="true" box="[971,992,1727,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterolateral view showing the antennae, with two strips of golden hairs on sides.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6EB06169C5F71F924" bold="true" box="[818,838,1763,1789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing absence of lateral carina on pronotum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6EAA217795EF8F8F9" bold="true" box="[662,719,1798,1824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C60FFE6EAD517795846F8F9" authority="(Illiger, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Illiger" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[737,1137,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6EAD517795F88F8F9" box="[737,959,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">Xylothrips flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C60FFE6EBE51779585FF8F9" author="Illiger J. K. W." box="[977,1128,1798,1824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133" pagination="163 - 208" refId="ref9296" refString="Illiger J. K. W. 1801. Neue Insekten. Magazin fur Insektenkunde 1 (1 - 2): 163 - 208." type="journal article" year="1801">Illiger, 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ (LYL).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6ECCF17795927F8F9" bold="true" box="[1275,1296,1798,1824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Frontal view showing the antennae, matt without sensory areas.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6EB7A17565F54F89A" bold="true" box="[846,867,1833,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing clear lateral carina on pronotum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6EA6517325EB2F8BE" bold="true" box="[593,645,1869,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C60FFE6EAA317335845F8BE" authority="(Boisduval, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[663,1138,1868,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="religiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6EAA317335FB9F8BF" box="[663,910,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">Xylothrips religiosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C60FFE6EB951733585EF8BE" author="Boisduval J. B. A." box="[929,1129,1868,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133" refId="ref8907" refString="Boisduval J. B. A. 1835. Voyage de decouvertes de l' Astrolabe, execute par ordre du roi, pendant les annees 1826 - 1827 - 1828 - 1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'Ocean pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage. Deuxieme Partie. Coleopteres et autres Ordres VIII. J. Tastu, Paris. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34906495 [accessed 23 Mar. 2021]." type="url" year="1835">Boisduval, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ (LYL).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6ECC817325927F8BE" bold="true" box="[1276,1296,1869,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Frontal view showing the antennae, matt without sensory areas.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C60FFE6EB64170F5F55F853" bold="true" box="[848,866,1904,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="133">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of head and pronotum showing clear lateral carina on pronotum. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E88912615DE0FCF7" blockId="4.[189,1401,542,814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">PRONOTUM. Slightly wider than long, anterior angles with a rather long, upcurved uncinate tooth; sides moderately to broadly rounded, attenuated anteriorly, widest close to posterior margin of pronotum; anterior margin between unci concave, rugose; area above anterior margin flat or weakly impressed, and strongly, densely punctured; with a series of upwardly-directed teeth laterally, gradually reduced in size from anterior to posterior, mixed with small teeth and tubercles to summit of pronotum, with fine, shallow, well-separated punctures; sides with distinct ridge-like lateral carinae which extend along posterior margin and form sharply tipped posterolateral angles; ventro-lateral punctures with sparse, long, white pubescence.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E88913295826FCB6" blockId="4.[189,1041,853,880]" box="[189,1041,853,880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">SCUTELLUM. Small, tongue-shaped, finely punctured or glabrous, shining.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E88913E85CC3FBE7" blockId="4.[189,1399,919,1086]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">ELYTRA. Subequal to pronotum in width, strongly convex, shining, and strongly, evenly punctured, almost glabrous on disc and declivity, only sparse and very tiny pubescence on apical part of declivity, sutural margin slightly raised from summit to near apex of declivity and rather strongly raised at apex of declivity. Upper margin of declivity with three pairs of tubercles and one pair of elongate calluses at side.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E889141A5FBEFB7A" blockId="4.[189,1398,1125,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">ABDOMEN. Ventral side covered by short, white pubescence, last ventrite with narrow pleural pieces along margin and a tuft of long hairs in middle in both sexes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E88914B55FF8FA97" blockId="4.[189,1399,1226,1358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">LEGS. Subequal in length, procoxae contiguous, mesocoxae narrowly separated, pro- and mesotibiae grooved on external face, widened to apex. Posterior tibiae with a few long bristles on outer side, very dense, short, golden hairs rimming ventroposterior margins of posterior femora. Second and third segments of tarsi usually distinctly wider than following segments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E88915035D87FA4F" blockId="4.[189,432,1404,1430]" box="[189,432,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<heading id="D0A45B1F0C67FFE1E88915035D87FA4F" bold="true" box="[189,432,1404,1430]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C67FFE1E88915035D87FA4F" bold="true" box="[189,432,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E88915D458B4F9F6" blockId="4.[189,1399,1451,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">The genus shows clear sexual dimorphism in the vestiture of the frons. In the female, the frons is more densely and finely punctured, and the upwardly directed hairs are much longer and denser than in the male. The frontal hairs are yellowish, forming a crown with rather short, erect hairs inside. In the male, the frontal hairs are short with only a small tuft of very long hairs next to the eyes.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C349BFF80C67FFE1E889162258C3F8EA" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E88916225D2BF9AE" blockId="4.[189,284,1629,1655]" box="[189,284,1629,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<heading id="D0A45B1F0C67FFE1E88916225D2BF9AE" bold="true" box="[189,284,1629,1655]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C67FFE1E88916225D2BF9AE" bold="true" box="[189,284,1629,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E88916F358C3F8EA" blockId="4.[189,1401,1676,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
|
||
As a member of the dry wood borer family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C67FFE1EAE516F35F5FF97F" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[721,872,1676,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bostrichidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5397F00C67FFE1EB4C16F35FC5F97F" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1901" box="[888,1010,1676,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C67FFE1EB4C16F35FC5F97F" box="[888,1010,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Xylothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually occurs in forest habitats (pers. obs.). From the records of host plants, the genus, like almost all other bostrichids, is certainly polyphagous and attacks orchard trees as well as forest trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C67FFE1EBB316AC5824F934" author="Lesne P." box="[903,1043,1747,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" pagination="473 - 639" refId="ref9445" refString="Lesne P. 1901. Revision des coleopteres de la famille des bostrychides. 4 e memoire. Bostrychinae sens. strict. II. Les Xylopertha. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 69: 473 - 639." type="journal article" year="1901">Lesne 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C67FFE1EC2A16AC586BF934" author="Lesne P." box="[1054,1116,1747,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref9604" refString="Lesne P. 1932. Coleopteres des Iles Mascareignes (mission scientifique de P. Caerie, 1910 - 1913). Bostrychides, clerides, supplement aux buprestides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 101: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C67FFE1EC5C16AD5922F934" author="Stebbing E. P." box="[1128,1301,1746,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" refId="ref10253" refString="Stebbing E. P. 1914. Indian Forest Insects of Economic Importance: Coleoptera. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9203" type="book" year="1914">Stebbing 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C67FFE1ED1416AC5D47F8C9" author="Beeson C. F. C. & Bhatia B. M." pageId="4" pageNumber="134" pagination="223 - 323" refId="ref8867" refString="Beeson C. F. C. & Bhatia B. M. 1937. On the biology of the Bostrychidae (Coleopt.). Indian Forest Records (New Series) Entomology 2: 223 - 323." type="journal article" year="1937">Beeson & Bhatia 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In tropical areas, there is more than one generation per year (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC291820C67FFE1EC631689595EF8C9" author="Beeson C. F. C. & Bhatia B. M." box="[1111,1385,1782,1808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" pagination="223 - 323" refId="ref8867" refString="Beeson C. F. C. & Bhatia B. M. 1937. On the biology of the Bostrychidae (Coleopt.). Indian Forest Records (New Series) Entomology 2: 223 - 323." type="journal article" year="1937">Beeson & Bhatia 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and high populations can cause economic problems in orchards and other forest plantations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C349BFF80C67FFE1E889171D5D66F814" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E889171D5D61F8A5" blockId="4.[189,342,1890,1916]" box="[189,342,1890,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<heading id="D0A45B1F0C67FFE1E889171D5D61F8A5" bold="true" box="[189,342,1890,1916]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92730610C67FFE1E889171D5D61F8A5" bold="true" box="[189,342,1890,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BECEC730C67FFE1E88917EF5D66F814" blockId="4.[189,1398,1936,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F344ACE30C67FFE1E88917EF5CCBF873" box="[189,252,1936,1962]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F344ACE30C67FFE1E93A17EF5D60F873" box="[270,343,1936,1962]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Southeast Asia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F344ACE30C67FFE1EA0517EF5E97F873" box="[561,672,1936,1962]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the archipelagos of the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F344ACE30C67FFE1E88917CC5D7AF814" box="[189,333,1971,1997]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |