184 lines
19 KiB
XML
184 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="20252106A696F569E3DED430B95C9C4B" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F507139935FF8E0676FC6CF9B1F4A8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rupicapra ornata Neumann 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="697" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="697" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="60EA91CA6A7DC40DE8518CB414159120" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E90FB5AC08CD4D1ECF4D485EA0EAFCE6">
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<mods:title id="BC7D9BCBFD64B809132AACC805F2CA3A">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="00E92E5D438FF0C770E7C8F2C76F8445" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="61703C06AB60AFFC3957144AC7C2870B">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9181507F192D146CBBFC4B2E56D8014">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="87BB622D06BD6E0A58D86E4656AD5E44">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="C1CC7889A11C7239B4CEFE59CFF24878" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="232EC6F094D1012273E47D4160E28E31">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="B16F212532CDFD3773D9243B023F479A">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7459CB5CBE828E6211118BF8D824DF57">
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<mods:title id="27AAC6D44961F395F4CECD50123A679D">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="6EC87C2AB689592DB2BDA07975FB78BA" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F507139935FF8E0676FC6CF9B1F4A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6773107" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659243" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6773107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F507139935FF8E0676FC6CF9B1F4A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F507139935FF8E0676FC6CF9B1F4A8" lastPageNumber="697" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0676FC6CFA5FFB99" box="[1376,1458,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0676FC6CFA5FFB99" blockId="126.[1375,2294,1006,1126]" box="[1376,1458,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="D0AB01699935FF8E0676FC6CFA5FFB99" box="[1376,1458,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA809935FF8E0676FC6CFA5FFB99" box="[1376,1458,1006,1048]" captionStart="Plate 48: Bovidae" captionStartId="126.[107,137,3382,3407]" captionTargetBox="[12,2764,12,3635]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="208. Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), 209. Abruzzi Chamois (Rupicapra ornata), 210. Cantabrian Chamois (Rupicapra parva), 211. Alpine Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), 212. Carpathian Chamois (Rupicapra carpatica), 213. Asia Minor Chamois (Rupicapra asiatica), 214. Himalayan Brown Goral (Nemorhaedus goral), 215. Himalayan Gray Goral (Nemorhaedus bedfordi), 216. Chinese Goral (Nemorhaedus griseus), 217. Burmese Goral (Nemorhaedus evansi), 218. Long-tailed Goral (Nemorhaedus caudatus), 219. Red Goral (Nemorhaedus baileyi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512963/files/figure.png" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">209.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E06D6FC6CF8C8FB99" box="[1472,1829,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E06D6FC6CF8C8FB99" blockId="126.[1375,2294,1006,1126]" box="[1472,1829,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="D0AB01699935FF8E06D6FC6CF8C8FB99" box="[1472,1829,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9935FF8E06D6FC6CF8C8FB99" box="[1472,1829,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Abruzzi Chamois</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E044EFC6CF745FB99" box="[1880,2216,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E044EFC6CF745FB99" blockId="126.[1375,2294,1006,1126]" box="[1880,2216,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="D0AB01699935FF8E044EFC6CF745FB99" box="[1880,2216,1006,1048]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869935FF8E044EFC6CF745FB99" authority="Neumann, 1899" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1899" box="[1880,2216,1006,1048]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E044EFC6CF745FB99" box="[1880,2216,1006,1048]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Rupicapra ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0649FBABF8F6FBE7" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0649FBABF71BFBBF" blockId="126.[1375,2294,1006,1126]" box="[1375,2294,1065,1086]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="D0AB01699935FF8E0649FBABF71BFBBF" box="[1375,2294,1065,1086]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0649FBABFA41FBBF" bold="true" box="[1375,1452,1065,1086]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9935FF8E06A0FBABF999FBBF" box="[1462,1652,1065,1086]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Isard des Apennins</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E059EFBABF909FBBF" bold="true" box="[1672,1764,1065,1086]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9935FF8E05FAFBABF87BFBBF" box="[1772,1942,1065,1086]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Abruzzen-Gamse</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E04BDFBABF7EBFBBF" bold="true" box="[1963,2054,1065,1086]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9935FF8E0B06FBABF7B7FBBF" box="[2064,2138,1065,1086]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Rebeco</vernacularName>
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de los
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<collectingRegion id="499878E79935FF8E0BB3FBABF71BFBBF" box="[2213,2294,1065,1086]" country="Italy" name="Abruzzo" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Abruzos</collectingRegion>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0649FBD3F8F6FBE7" blockId="126.[1375,2294,1006,1126]" box="[1375,1819,1105,1126]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<heading id="D0AB01699935FF8E0649FBD3F8F6FBE7" box="[1375,1819,1105,1126]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0649FBD3F9B8FBE7" bold="true" box="[1375,1621,1105,1126]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9935FF8E054BFBD3F8F6FBE7" box="[1629,1819,1105,1126]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Apennine Chamois</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E04D0FB14F7FDFB5A" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E04D0FB14F7FDFB5A" blockId="126.[1990,2578,1174,1596]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E04D0FB14F78CFB32" bold="true" box="[1990,2145,1174,1203]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869935FF8E0B6EFB14F7E6FB5A" authority="Neumann, 1899" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">Rupicapra ornata Neumann, 1899</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0B0FFB38F69BFB5A" box="[2073,2422,1210,1243]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0B0FFB38F69BFB5A" blockId="126.[1990,2578,1174,1596]" box="[2073,2422,1210,1243]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC589935FF8E0B0FFB38F69BFB5A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198402" box="[2073,2422,1210,1243]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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Abruzzi Apennines,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959935FF8E0A21FB38F69FFB5A" box="[2359,2418,1210,1243]" name="Italy" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Italy</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E04D0FB63F7E2FA6E" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E04D0FB63F7E2FA6E" blockId="126.[1990,2578,1174,1596]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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The Abruzzi Chamois has a low level of genetic variability, probably due to population bottlenecks and permanence of low numbers. More closely related to the Pyrenean Chamois (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869935FF8E0BFDFAFDF663FA21" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" box="[2283,2446,1407,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrenaica">R. pyrenaica</taxonomicName>
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) than to the Alpine Chamois (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869935FF8E0BE4FA24F670FA46" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[2290,2461,1446,1479]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rupicapra">R. rupicapra</taxonomicName>
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). Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E04D1FA76F5E0F9BD" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D9935FF8E04D1FA76F5E0F9BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512773/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" targetBox="[1373,1967,1181,1597]" targetPageId="126">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E04D1FA76F5E0F9BD" blockId="126.[1990,2578,1174,1596]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E04D1FA76F79FF994" bold="true" box="[1991,2162,1524,1557]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to the Abruzzi Apennines in C
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959935FF8E0B6DF999F759F9BD" box="[2171,2228,1563,1596]" name="Italy" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, in three subpopulations.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0649F9C6F949F883" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0649F9C6F949F883" blockId="126.[1374,2577,1604,2857]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0649F9C6F9BAF9E4" bold="true" box="[1375,1623,1604,1637]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 105-120 cm, tail ¢.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09935FF8E0B11F9C6F79EF9E4" box="[2055,2163,1604,1637]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3—4 cm</quantity>
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, shoulder height ¢.76-80 cm; weight 23-35 kg (males) and 20-32 kg (females). Size much like the Pyrenean Chamois. The Abruzzi Chamois differs in coloration from other chamois species; it has a larger white throat patch and extensive white areas on the side and back of neck that extend to the shoulder.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0649F88AF95DF821" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0649F88AF95DF821" blockId="126.[1374,2577,1604,2857]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0649F88AFA23F8A8" bold="true" box="[1375,1486,1800,1833]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The Abruzzi Chamois occursat elevations of 400-2800 m. It uses alpine meadows during warm seasons but moves to lower forested areas during winter when snow accumulation limits access to forage in high meadows. Use of wind-protected, steep slopes prevails in winter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0676F824F7CAF86F" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0676F824F7CAF86F" blockId="126.[1374,2577,1604,2857]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0676F824F981F846" bold="true" box="[1376,1644,1958,1991]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Probably feeds on forbs and grass in the warm season and consumes a higher percentage of browse in the winter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0676F876F773F7BC" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0676F876F773F7BC" blockId="126.[1374,2577,1604,2857]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0676F876FA0BF794" bold="true" box="[1376,1510,2036,2069]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Breeding.</emphasis>
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The Abruzzi Chamois mates in November-December and gives birth in May-June to a single young after gestation of 165-175 days.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0648F7C1F633F7E5" box="[1374,2526,2115,2148]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0648F7C1F633F7E5" blockId="126.[1374,2577,1604,2857]" box="[1374,2526,2115,2148]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0648F7C1F9A4F7E5" bold="true" box="[1374,1609,2115,2148]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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During summer, feeding occurs in early morning and afternoon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0676F7E8F7F3F6A8" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0676F7E8F7F3F6A8" blockId="126.[1374,2577,1604,2857]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0676F7E8F7C7F70A" bold="true" box="[1376,2090,2154,2187]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Usually moves from a high-elevation summer range to a lower-elevation winter range. Size of home range is variable depending on population density, winter conditions, and forage availability and quality. Older males and females are dominant over younger individuals. Herd size is highly variable, largely dependent on population density.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0677F6ADF776F5E2" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0677F6ADF776F5E2" blockId="126.[1374,2577,1604,2857]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0677F6ADF953F6D1" bold="true" box="[1377,1726,2351,2384]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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CITES Appendix I (as
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869935FF8E0B1BF6ADF746F6D1" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" box="[2061,2219,2351,2384]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrenaica">R. pyrenaica</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869935FF8E0BA3F6ADF6E3F6D1" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1899" box="[2229,2318,2351,2384]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">ornata</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List (as R. p.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869935FF8E049DF6D4F809F6F6" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1899" box="[1931,2020,2390,2423]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">ornata</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The entire population of the Abruzzi Chamois is only about 1100. Numbers are increasing in protected areas. Spatial and forage competition with domestic livestock is the primary limiting factor. High numbers oftourists in national parks can be a major cause of stress to the Abruzzi Chamois because of harassment.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869935FF8E05A0F676F8E4F594" box="[1718,1801,2548,2581]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Major</taxonomicName>
|
||
conservation efforts include reestablishing and restoring populations in protected areas and developing integrated management grazing plans to diminish the negative effects of domestic livestock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9935FF8E0674F5F0F9B1F4A8" pageId="126" pageNumber="697" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059935FF8E0674F5F0F9B1F4A8" blockId="126.[1374,2577,1604,2857]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179935FF8E0674F5F0FA16F50A" bold="true" box="[1378,1531,2674,2699]" pageId="126" pageNumber="697">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Apollonio, Andersen & Putman (2010), Apollonio, Ciuti et al. (2010), Cancrini et al. (1985), Cederna & Lovari (1985), Corlatti et al. (2011), Ferrari & Rossi (1985), Giacometti et al. (1997), Groves & Grubb (2011), Grubb (2005), Herrero, Lovari & Berducou (2008), Locati & Lovari (1900), Lorenzini (2005), Lovari (1984, 1985, 1987), Lovari & Cosentino (1986), Lovari & Scala (1980), Masini & Lovari (1988), Nascetti et al. (1985), Rodriguez et al. (2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |