271 lines
48 KiB
XML
271 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="F980924D11CE3F7311553BBDB2E734AE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.176552" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c25ea61-1c01-4842-9929-099c598f91ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="176552" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459835122349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ubero-Pascal, Nicolás & Puig, Angels" docDate="2007" docId="03F31C15FFE9B305B5D517DF2716F9DC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01465p029.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1465" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Potamanthus luteus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFCA646DFFEBB300B54215552574FF8E" masterDocTitle="Egg morphology update based on new chorionic data of Potamanthus luteus (Linnaeus), Ephemera danica Müller and Oligoneuriella rhenana (Imhoff) (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) obtained by scanning electron microscopy" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698223446158" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C02DF55D28F056EFFD8A9B03126AFD48" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CE44DBA852D8CE942E4B4E33BAF5C6D7">
|
||
<mods:title id="F4B65F400224930E0155847BCAA8D892">Egg morphology update based on new chorionic data of Potamanthus luteus (Linnaeus), Ephemera danica Müller and Oligoneuriella rhenana (Imhoff) (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) obtained by scanning electron microscopy</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="0860664765A930A8ACC42E2DB7842E32" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DCDC38AA0C695C0EF59AA6E7E7995D6F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="867FD9CA181CF03B7A4C9F1F53C2A2A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="468AB41EA80D5B11CC1862538F2C0214">Ubero-Pascal, Nicolás</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0DF91522F11C7C186F114B39CD48D98F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F481B0256B1C0B6F1E2333C066CF3483">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5A99DECA96F9B8EE5D8CF2B6EE0FB2B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="AEAA9E47244755ED7B758559199CD81F">Puig, Angels</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="F6BD58C3A82B86569BBC5739AC182AC5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5142624EAAC4A7D35112372906BC996C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="98CCB15D8B86D84792F7EC2343C7448A">
|
||
<mods:title id="37D6C2CBA01F46F39546095C8D00E8EB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="02F8C9B8FCE945E0234D94F6E1F6D9BC">
|
||
<mods:date id="A11243DC88FDE383A5B050FFA8A7AE22">2007</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A25DCB115B5B2EA0E781FAB832B58474" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="E868853BE1D6A8ED0464A048D85E03C1">1465</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="6A6CE3CFFD9FD6FFA693415B69C91248" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B2877C9014A74E74E1224B5A7E758DF1">15</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="A9B3A559123C1D6C7FDF262699D03209">29</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="69A82500748CE8C49B9EF29933403BC0">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D4ECBBA7CFF6A8AB9ED6D0296F284D26" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.176552</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A6B47D0AA45A7D6AABE17B78BDB684B9" type="GBIF-Dataset">5c25ea61-1c01-4842-9929-099c598f91ef</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8572F7A2FBC1B09E8340DBABA380BDB0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="642EEBA40D2699239DB520CEA73D739B" type="Zenodo-Dep">176552</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03F31C15FFE9B305B5D517DF2716F9DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6243210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119358692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6243210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F31C15FFE9B305B5D517DF2716F9DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F31C15FFE9B305B5D517DF2716F9DC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340FE88FFE9B302B5D517DF24FCFD2A" box="[151,392,650,676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFE9B302B5D517DF24FCFD2A" blockId="2.[151,392,650,676]" box="[151,392,650,676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD1A6FFFE9B302B5D517DF24FCFD2A" bold="true" box="[151,392,650,676]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE9B302B5D517DF24FCFD2A" ID-CoL="6VVKH" box="[151,392,650,676]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE9B302B5D517DF24FCFD2A" bold="true" box="[151,392,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Potamanthus luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340FE88FFE9B305B5D5179F2716F9DC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFE9B302B5D5179F2773FD6A" blockId="2.[151,1436,714,2020]" box="[151,519,714,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Description of egg morphology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFE9B302B58417A72156FC0A" blockId="2.[151,1436,714,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE9B302B58417A724EAFC82" bold="true" box="[198,414,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">General features:</emphasis>
|
||
170–179 µm length and 91–109 µm width. Egg oval-shape with round poles and a polar cap on each one, numerous lateral attachment structures on both subpolar areas, and some micropyles on equatorial area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B415161724EFFCD2" box="[343,411,834,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A). These characteristics are always observable even though the egg is covered by an extrachorion, this layer sometimes hiding other chorionic structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B6FD163F2171FC0A" box="[959,1029,874,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1133,1157]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,274,1109]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of fiber coils with terminal fibers cluster by light microscope (100 x). B, Extrachorion and arrangement of lateral attachment structures and micropyles (scale bar = 10 μm). C, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 μm). D, Micropyle: sperm guide outlined by the extrachorion (scale bar = 1 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176554/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFE9B302B58416C72026FA9A" blockId="2.[151,1436,714,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE9B302B58416C724AFFC22" bold="true" box="[198,475,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Attachment structures:</emphasis>
|
||
These
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFE9B302B76D16C72719FC22" box="[559,621,914,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of chorionic structure are fibrous and, due to both the organization of the filaments and their relative position on the eggs, may be identified as a polar cap (epithemata) or lateral attachment structure. The polar cap is formed by countless filaments, which are slightly thickened apically, arranged in parallel and tightly packed beneath a thin layer (the extrachorion) that covers them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B049115F203AFBAA" box="[1291,1358,1034,1060]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C); for this last reason, the filaments are not visible by SEM unless the extrachorion is removed. The organization of this chorionic structure corresponds to “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFE9B302B7CA110F27CEFBFA" box="[648,698,1114,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
I”. Generally, the polar caps have a conical form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B044110F2033FBFA" box="[1286,1351,1114,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) and variable dimensions (52–45 µm in length and 33–20 µm in width), although they may be flattened in some eggs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B59D11FF2451FB4A" box="[223,293,1194,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The eggs can show polar caps of the same or different forms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B10E11FF21E5FB4A" box="[1100,1169,1194,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). The polar caps cover only the most apical zone of the egg polar area and, depending on its form (conical or flattened), they can change the apparent egg-shape from oval-like to elliptical-like or barrel-like (with poles truncated).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFE9B302B584107726F6F97A" blockId="2.[151,1436,714,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The lateral attachment structure is a coiled fiber, finishing distally in a round and flattened fibrous expansion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B59B101F2469FAEA" box="[217,285,1354,1380]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E) which, according to the classification of attachment structures proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFE9B302B188101F259CFA02" author="Koss" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss & Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, could correspond to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFE9B302B76610272722FA02" box="[548,598,1394,1420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
“fiber-coils with terminal fiber clusters"; although, the shape of this structure under the light microscope (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B70C10CF27EFFA3A" box="[590,667,1434,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B and 2A) or as seen by low increases in SEM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B19310CF2066FA3A" box="[1233,1298,1434,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) can easily be confused with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFE9B302B4F91097249AFA52" box="[443,494,1474,1500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
“knob-terminated coiled threads” (KCT). The fiber is formed by numerous filaments of different thickness loosely-arranged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B78010BF2672F98A" box="[706,774,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E), coiling directly over the egg chorion and forming a roll with a central hollow, in which the terminal expansion is arranged. Terminal expansion is formed by numerous microfilaments, with the appearance of a velvet pad and a diameter of 8.9–12 µm. Extrachorion covers the fiber coil but not the terminal expansion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B6651337261AF9F2" box="[807,878,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D), thus maintaining the attachment structure coiled, when this thin layer is lacking the fiber is uncoiled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B60C13DF26E4F92A" box="[846,912,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E). The lateral attachment structures are distributed in zig-zag round the egg, with a minimum number of 4 units in each subpolar area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B18913E72063F942" box="[1227,1303,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1436,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40 x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A and 2B). Some of them may appear in the equatorial area but very rarely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFE9B302B58412572695F86A" blockId="2.[151,1436,714,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE9B302B584125724A8F892" bold="true" box="[198,476,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Chorionic sculpturing:</emphasis>
|
||
Extrachorion usually hides the chorionic surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B16C12572101F892" box="[1070,1141,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1133,1157]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,274,1109]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of fiber coils with terminal fibers cluster by light microscope (100 x). B, Extrachorion and arrangement of lateral attachment structures and micropyles (scale bar = 10 μm). C, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 μm). D, Micropyle: sperm guide outlined by the extrachorion (scale bar = 1 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176554/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B), but when this layer is cleared, two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFE9B302B474127F2400F8CA" box="[310,372,1834,1860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of chorionic sculpturing can be differentiated: tubercle-like protuberances and a slight irregular reticulation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B4DB12072494F8E2" box="[409,480,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1133,1157]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,274,1109]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of fiber coils with terminal fibers cluster by light microscope (100 x). B, Extrachorion and arrangement of lateral attachment structures and micropyles (scale bar = 10 μm). C, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 μm). D, Micropyle: sperm guide outlined by the extrachorion (scale bar = 1 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176554/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The protuberances are pedunculate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B6F71207268FF8E2" box="[949,1019,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1133,1157]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,274,1109]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of fiber coils with terminal fibers cluster by light microscope (100 x). B, Extrachorion and arrangement of lateral attachment structures and micropyles (scale bar = 10 μm). C, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 μm). D, Micropyle: sperm guide outlined by the extrachorion (scale bar = 1 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176554/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and variable in size (0.5–1.7 µm height and 0.9 µm width); sometimes, several units are fused. Reticulation is only clearly appreciable by SEM at 1,000X, and can be considered an irregular net of small mesh, whose mesh-units are slight depressions that vary considerably in both form and size (0.38–0.93 µm wide) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE9B302B635129F26CAF86A" box="[887,958,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1133,1157]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,274,1109]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of fiber coils with terminal fibers cluster by light microscope (100 x). B, Extrachorion and arrangement of lateral attachment structures and micropyles (scale bar = 10 μm). C, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 μm). D, Micropyle: sperm guide outlined by the extrachorion (scale bar = 1 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176554/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF25FD8BFFE8B303B5D5109726AAF9CC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176553/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[152,1434,189,1446]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFE8B303B5D5109726AAF9CC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1474,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE8B303B5D51097246FFA54" bold="true" box="[151,283,1474,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Egg morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE8B303B4BD109627A0FA54" box="[511,724,1475,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE8B303B4BD109627A0FA54" box="[511,724,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Potamanthus luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A, General shape of egg with conical polar caps (scale bar = 50 µm). B, General shape of eggs by light microscope, showing flat and conical polar caps and many lateral attachment structures (40x). C, Flat polar cap form (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster coiled (scale bar = 5 µm). E, Fiber-coils with terminal fibers cluster uncoiled (scale bar = 10 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFE8B304B58413CD2738FF54" blockId="3.[151,1436,1688,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,218]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE8B303B58413CD2422F93F" box="[198,342,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE8B303B58413CD243FF93C" bold="true" box="[198,331,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Micropyles</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The sperm guide and the micropylar opening are the only parts of micropyle observable by SEM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE8B303B5A11395245DF954" box="[227,297,1728,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1133,1157]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,274,1109]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of fiber coils with terminal fibers cluster by light microscope (100 x). B, Extrachorion and arrangement of lateral attachment structures and micropyles (scale bar = 10 μm). C, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 μm). D, Micropyle: sperm guide outlined by the extrachorion (scale bar = 1 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176554/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D), since the micropylar canal is completely intrachorionic; however, observation of the micropylar canal with the light microscope shows that this micropyle is of the tagenoform-type. The sperm guide has a circular form (10–13.1 µm diameter) and is easily distinguishable because it is delimited perfectly by extrachorion and the chorion lacks the chorionic sculpturing pattern indicated previously in that zone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFE8B303B06C126D2003F8DC" box="[1326,1399,1848,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1133,1157]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,274,1109]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of fiber coils with terminal fibers cluster by light microscope (100 x). B, Extrachorion and arrangement of lateral attachment structures and micropyles (scale bar = 10 μm). C, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 μm). D, Micropyle: sperm guide outlined by the extrachorion (scale bar = 1 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176554/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Therefore, the sperm guide could be assigned to the chorionic-suprachorionic
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFE8B303B16412352128F8F4" box="[1062,1116,1888,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. The micropylar opening is a circular-shaped orifice, infrachorionic, and almost perpendicular to the chorion surface. This orifice constitutes the beginning of a micropylar canal, whose cross-section decreases as it enters the chorion. The egg presents several micropyles. We have observed three units as least, although there could well be more, and they are distributed linearly around the egg equatorial area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFEFB304B66815CD2607FF3C" box="[810,883,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1133,1157]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,274,1109]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Egg morphology of Potamanthus luteus: A, General shape of fiber coils with terminal fibers cluster by light microscope (100 x). B, Extrachorion and arrangement of lateral attachment structures and micropyles (scale bar = 10 μm). C, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 μm). D, Micropyle: sperm guide outlined by the extrachorion (scale bar = 1 μm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176554/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D), although sometimes some of them may be displaced towards the subpolar areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF25FD8BFFEFB304B5D51138242FFB62" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176554/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[152,1434,274,1108]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEFB304B5D51138242FFB62" blockId="4.[151,1436,1133,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEFB304B5D511382466FB0B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1133,1157]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Egg morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEFB304B4B4113B27BDFB0B" box="[502,713,1134,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEFB304B4B4113B27BDFB0B" box="[502,713,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Potamanthus luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A, General shape of fiber coils with terminal fibers cluster by light microscope (100x). B, Extrachorion and arrangement of lateral attachment structures and micropyles (scale bar = 10 μm). C, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 μm). D, Micropyle: sperm guide outlined by the extrachorion (scale bar = 1 μm)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEFB304B5D5101B2411FAE6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1358,2024]" box="[151,357,1358,1384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Partial discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEFB304B584102327E3F8C6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1358,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The most complete description of egg morphology of
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEFB304B62F102326A6FA01" box="[877,978,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">P. l u t e u s</emphasis>
|
||
is that offered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEFB304B18A102320E3FA1E" author="Degrange" box="[1224,1431,1398,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although, as this author acknowledges, some data were already known from the XIX century. Isolated egg data for this species can also be consulted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEFB304B7F31093260DFA6E" author="Degrange" box="[689,889,1478,1504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1956) Sur les micropyles des oeufs des Ephemeropteres. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 61, 147 - 148" type="journal article" year="1956">Degrange (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEFB304B6F41093210CFA6E" author="Haybach" box="[950,1144,1478,1504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Haybach, A. (2003) Egg-structure of German mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). - an overview. Lauterbornia, 47, 41 - 58." type="journal article" year="2003">Haybach (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The morphological features described by Degrange for the two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFEFB304B73210BB27DAF986" box="[624,686,1518,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of attachment structures, the micropyle and the chorionic sculpturing, as well as the position of these structures on the egg chorion, agree perfectly with our SEM observations. Nevertheless, other chorionic features, such as irregular reticulation and extrachorion, and the fine detailed arrangement of the lateral attachment structure, are described for the first time in this paper. Probably, Degrange could not observe the irregular reticulation of the chorion because this feature would be beyond the optical resolution of the light microscope. On the other hand, the technique used by Degrange to prepare the eggs for study could be related with the non-observation of extrachorion, since this layer is transparent and disappears when unfixed eggs are put in water; however, in other species he described a similar film envelope on eggs preserved in ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEFB305B584120324C9FDE4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1358,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Based mainly on the morphological descriptions of eggs provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEFB304B147120321B9F8FE" author="Degrange" box="[1029,1229,1878,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEFB304B048120320E8F8FE" author="Koss" box="[1290,1436,1878,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. (1968) Morphology and taxonomic use of Ephemeroptera eggs. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 696 - 721." type="journal article" year="1968">Koss (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEFB304B4CE122B260DF816" authority="Koss and Edmunds (1974)" authorityName="Koss and Edmunds" authorityYear="1974" box="[396,889,1918,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEFB304B4CE122B2753F819" box="[396,551,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Potamanthus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEFB304B77B122B260DF816" author="Koss" box="[569,889,1918,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss and Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
established three morphological features that characterized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEFB304B47E12F3249EF84E" box="[316,490,1958,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Potamanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs: “polar caps
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFEFB304B78512F3278EF84E" box="[711,762,1958,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
I”, tuberculate-like protuberances and lateral attachment structures of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFEFB304B41E129B24FBF866" box="[348,399,1998,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
“knob-terminated coiled threads”. We are inclined to maintain this classification, except in the case of the lateral attachment structure, based on SEM observations which clearly show ultrastructural differences with respect to a typical thread (see KCT's on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B67515952694FF54" box="[823,992,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Heptageniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs, for example in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B199159525A2FE8C" author="Gaino" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Gaino, E. & Rebora, M. (2003) Adhesiveness of the eggs of Ecdyonurus venosus to siliceous and calcareous substrate. In: Gaino, E. (Ed.), Research Update on Ephemeroptera & Plecoptera. University of Perugia, Perugia, pp: 437 - 443." type="book chapter" year="2003">Gaino & Rebora 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figure 6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B40E15BD2745FE8C" author="Ubero-Pascal" box="[332,561,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="Ubero-Pascal, N. (2004) Estudio Morfologico del huevo en los Ordenes Ephemeroptera y Plecoptera. Aplicacion Taxonomica en la cuenca del Rio Segura (S. E. de la Peninsula Iberica). Unpublished D. Phil. Thesis, Murcia University, Murcia, 580 pp." type="book" year="2004">Ubero-Pascal 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figure 6.27D). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B6C915BD21B2FE8C" author="Koss" box="[907,1222,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss and Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a thread is a tight spiraling of fibers forming a polyfilamentous structure, but the ultrastructure of the lateral attachment structure on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B5AD146D2426FEDF" box="[239,338,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B5AD146D2426FEDF" box="[239,338,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">P. luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nearer to a loose collection of monofilaments or fibers. These two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFEEB305B13A146D21C2FEDC" box="[1144,1206,312,338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of fibrous structure could be easily confused at light microscope level when their uncoiled shape is similar and, indeed, this is the case with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B44F14DD2405FE2F" box="[269,369,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B44F14DD2405FE2F" box="[269,369,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">P. luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But by SEM, the differences are clearer although the structure still looks uncoiled; therefore, when analyzing the photographs of eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B7B614E524E6FE7C" authority="Bae & McCafferty, 1991 (Kang & Yang 1994)" authorityName="Bae & McCafferty, 1991 (Kang & Yang" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idiocercus" subGenus="Potamanthodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B7B614E52116FE47" box="[756,1122,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">P. (Potamanthodes) idiocercus</emphasis>
|
||
Bae & McCafferty, 1991 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B5DD148D24FDFE7C" author="Kang" box="[159,393,472,498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" refString="Kang, S. C. & Yang, C. T. (1994) Ephemeroidea of Taiwan (Ephemeroptera). Chinese Journal of Entomology, 14, 391 - 399." type="journal article" year="1994">Kang & Yang 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we think that this egg has “fiber-coils with terminal fiber clusters” as lateral attachment structure, and not KCT, as has been described. Probably, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B6C017552144FD94" box="[898,1072,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Potamanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs have this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFEEB305B1B017552051FD94" box="[1266,1317,512,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of lateral attachment structure as a characteristic, but we must be cautious in this respect and examine egg morphology by SEM in more species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEEB305B584172D2477FC74" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Variability in the form of polar caps in eggs from the same specimen have already been described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B5D517F52439FD34" box="[151,333,672,698]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but until now we have no information available as to whether this also occurs in
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B07517F520ECFD37" box="[1335,1432,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">P. l u t e u s</emphasis>
|
||
eggs. Polar cap variability was detected in eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B7B2179D2121FD6C" authority="Poda, 1761" authorityName="Poda" authorityYear="1761" box="[752,1109,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Serratella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B7B2179D26C5FD6F" box="[752,945,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Serratella ignita</emphasis>
|
||
(Poda, 1761)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being related the polar cap shape with the egg position in the oviduct (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B7D017A52627FC84" author="Bengtsson" box="[658,851,752,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Bengtsson, S. (1913). Undersoknigar ofver aggen hos Ephemeriderna. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 34, 271 - 320." type="journal article" year="1913">Bengtsson 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B62217A52161FC84" author="Degrange" box="[864,1045,752,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or in the clump of eggs hanging from the end of the imago abdomen before laying (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B7B1164D2136FCBC" author="Gaino" box="[755,1090,792,818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Gaino, E. & Bongiovanni, E. (1992) Comparative morphology of epithemata (polar chorionic estructures) in the eggs of Ephemerella ignita (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 111, 255 - 265." type="journal article" year="1992">Gaino & Bongiovanni 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, we found no evidence that allowed us to relate the polar cap variation in eggs of
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B69A1615214EFCD7" box="[984,1082,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">P. l u t e u s</emphasis>
|
||
with anything. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B5D5163D277BFC0C" author="Gaino" box="[151,527,872,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Gaino, E. & Bongiovanni, E. (1992) Comparative morphology of epithemata (polar chorionic estructures) in the eggs of Ephemerella ignita (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 111, 255 - 265." type="journal article" year="1992">Gaino and Bongiovanni (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the different forms of polar caps show clear ultrastructural differences and could be the result of changes in the secretory activity of follicular cells during oogenesis. Probably, the variability of polar caps in
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B4E416ED2771FC5F" box="[422,517,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">P. l u t e u s</emphasis>
|
||
is produced by the same phenomenon, but a deeper study is necessary to confirm this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEEB305B584115D2444FA04" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B584115D2772FBAC" author="Koss" box="[198,518,1032,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss and Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that chorionic sculpturing is the main structure useful for species differentiation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B42711652774FBC7" box="[357,512,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B42711652774FBC7" box="[357,512,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Potamanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since they found size variations in the tubercle-like protuberances of the species studied. We agree with this proposition, but not only on the basis of tubercle size variations, but also because this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFEEB305B46F11D5242BFB14" box="[301,351,1152,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of chorionic structure can be accompanied by others, such as the net-like of small mesh that we described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B41C11FD24B7FB4F" box="[350,451,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B41C11FD24B7FB4F" box="[350,451,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">P. luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, chorionic sculpturing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B6C311FD2168FB4F" box="[897,1052,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B6C311FD2168FB4F" box="[897,1052,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Potamanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs may be more complex, as well as species-specific, than a simple variation in tubercle size. It was probably the limited resolution of the optical microscope or presence of extrachorion that led protuberances to have been described as merely ornamentation before our study. In this respect, we emphasize that extrachorion may mask the true ornamentation of the chorion surface in SEM studies of egg morphology, which is probably what happened to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B06A101D2458FA04" author="Kang" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" refString="Kang, S. C. & Yang, C. T. (1994) Ephemeroidea of Taiwan (Ephemeroptera). Chinese Journal of Entomology, 14, 391 - 399." type="journal article" year="1994">Kang and Yang (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEEB305B58410CD2716F9DC" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFEEB305B42810CD2741FA3C" author="Degrange" box="[362,565,1432,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B70010CD27D2FA3F" box="[578,678,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B70010CD27D2FA3F" box="[578,678,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">P. luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
identification by reference to egg morphology is no problem in the Western Paleartic Region because the egg pattern is singular and unmistakable; it is also the only species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B5F810BD241CF98C" box="[186,360,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Potamanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this area. From a global point of view, SEM morphological descriptions of eggs in a greater number of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B4AC134527FDF9A7" box="[494,649,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Potamanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B4AC134527FDF9A7" box="[494,649,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Potamanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be needed to establish comparisons and relationships, since those that exist are few and superficial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |