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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775828" ID-GBIF-Dataset="665f7174-0aac-4a32-89b0-de865e2f42ae" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182241254" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4775828" checkinTime="1613738901108" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Ingenito, Leonardo F. S. &amp; Duboc, Luiz F." docDate="2014" docId="03F087F8FFEDFFA8FEE15A2AA7E5FB9C" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.12.2.281-290.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130117" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7EA6CBAC9B92AC526D6A0354C904CC04.3:NeotropIchthyol.2014-2015.journal_article" docStyleId="7EA6CBAC9B92AC526D6A0354C904CC04" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2014-2015.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Astyanax eremus Ingenito &amp; Duboc 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="286" masterDocId="FFC9FF80FFECFFADFFFA5C17A605FF96" masterDocTitle="A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="290" masterPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" updateTime="1635496429647" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ingenito, Leonardo F. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Duboc, Luiz F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-06-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>281</mods:start>
<mods:end>290</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130117</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/1982-0224-20130117</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">665f7174-0aac-4a32-89b0-de865e2f42ae</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4551079</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775828" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182241254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4775828" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F8FFEDFFA8FEE15A2AA7E5FB9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087F8FFEDFFA8FEE15A2AA7E5FB9C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<subSubSection box="[283,617,1597,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[283,617,1597,1656]" box="[283,617,1597,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<heading box="[283,617,1597,1621]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[283,617,1597,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName authority="Ingenito &amp; Duboc, 2014" authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[283,472,1597,1621]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[283,472,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[485,617,1597,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[402,498,1632,1656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[283,617,1597,1656]" box="[402,498,1632,1656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<figureCitation box="[402,498,1632,1656]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,175,1039,1063]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,175,814,838]" captionStartId-2="4.[816,855,1814,1838]" captionStartId-3="5.[129,168,685,709]" captionStartId-4="6.[136,175,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1459,174,1024]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1437,174,799]" captionTargetBox-2="[826,1435,1260,1788]" captionTargetBox-3="[129,1452,174,670]" captionTargetBox-4="[136,1459,205,1099]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@2.[136,1459,174,1024]" captionTargetId-1="figure-266@4.[136,1459,174,799]" captionTargetId-2="figure-416@4.[816,1459,1178,1801]" captionTargetId-3="figure-587@5.[129,1452,174,670]" captionTargetId-4="figure-428@6.[136,1459,174,1099]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Astyanax eremus, new species. A: Holotype, MNRJ 39677, 94.0 mm SL; B: Paratype, MCP 46942, 59.9 mm SL. All from the rio Canivete, Balsa Nova, Paraná State, Brazil." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Astyanax eremus, new species, MCP 46942 (71.9 mm SL), paratype. Medial view of left side of the head with mouth region enhanced. Tooth of the outer premaxillary row (ES). Functional tooth of the inner premaxillary row (FT). Tooth of the maxillary bone (MxT). Replacement tooth of the inner premaxillary series (RT)." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Astyanax eremus, new species, MCP 46942, 71.9 mm SL, paratype. Posterior view of the left premaxillary bone. Tooth of the outer premaxillary row (ES). Functional tooth of the inner premaxillary row (FT). Replacement tooth of the inner premaxillary series (RT)." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Type locality of Astyanax eremus, new species, Amola Faca/Registro Farm, Balsa Nova, Paraná (A: panoramic view of the type locality; B: sample site). Red arrow indicates the sample area." captionText-4="Fig. 5. Distribution of Astyanax eremus, new species, in rio Iguaçu basin (*). Vertical bars indicate biogeographic barriers of the rio Iguaçu according to Ingenito et al. (2004) (A and B). Serrinha from Haseman &amp; Eigenmann (1911) (S). Coastal At- lantic rivers from Southeastern Brazil (CRB). Rio Iguaçu drainage (RID). Rio Negro drainage (RND). Rio Ribeira de Iguape drainage (RRB). Rio Tibagi drainage (RTB). Rio da Várzea drainage (RVD)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551081" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551083" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551087" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551089" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551091" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4551081/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4551083/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4551087/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4551089/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4551091/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[402,498,1632,1656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Figs. 1-5</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="282" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,772,1701,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114455303" collectingDate="2008-10-23" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. F. S. Ingenito &amp; L. F. Duboc &amp; G. Otto." country="Brazil" county="Balsa Nova" latitude="-25.585835" location="Fazenda Amola-Faca" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-49.733612" municipality="rio Canivete" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" specimenCode="MNRJ 39677" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,239,1701,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<typeStatus box="[129,234,1701,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[245,392,1701,1725]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">MNRJ 39677</specimenCode>
, 94.0 mm SL,
<collectingCountry box="[548,616,1701,1725]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[626,701,1701,1725]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Balsa Nova</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[196,325,1736,1760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">rio Canivete</collectingMunicipality>
, at
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F8FFEDFFA8FEE15A2AA7E5FB9C:8E866035FFEDFFACFE9E5ADFA445F976" box="[356,576,1736,1760]" country="Brazil" county="Balsa Nova" latitude="-25.585835" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-49.733612" municipality="rio Canivete" name="Fazenda Amola-Faca" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" stateProvince="Parana">Fazenda Amola-Faca</location>
/
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F8FFEDFFA8FEE15A2AA7E5FB9C:8E866035FFEDFFACFDB35ADFA4A4F976" box="[585,673,1736,1760]" country="Brazil" county="Balsa Nova" latitude="-25.585835" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-49.733612" municipality="rio Canivete" name="Registro" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" stateProvince="Parana">Registro</location>
, tributary to the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F8FFEDFFA8FEE15A2AA7E5FB9C:8E866035FFEDFFACFF3A5AFDA72BF895" box="[192,302,1770,1795]" country="Brazil" county="Balsa Nova" latitude="-25.585835" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-49.733612" municipality="rio Canivete" name="rio Iguacu" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" stateProvince="Parana">rio Iguaçu</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[311,435,1770,1794]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-25.585835">25º35’09”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[440,574,1770,1794]" degrees="49" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-49.733612">49º44’01”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[583,715,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" value="2008-10-23">
<collectingDate box="[583,715,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" value="2008-10-23">23 Oct 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName pageId="1" pageNumber="282">L. F. S. Ingenito</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[258,385,1805,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">L. F. Duboc</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[419,506,1805,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">G. Otto.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,771,1874,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114455301" accessionNumber="MCP 46942" collectionCode="MCP, MHNCI" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" specimenCode="10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,249,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<typeStatus box="[129,245,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber box="[257,388,1874,1898]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP46942" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<collectionCode box="[257,312,1874,1898]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">MCP</collectionCode>
46942
</accessionNumber>
,
<specimenCode box="[400,429,1874,1898]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">10</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[441,592,1874,1898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.784999999999999" metricValueMax="9.95" metricValueMin="3.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="67.85" valueMax="99.5" valueMin="36.2">36.2-99.5 mm</quantity>
SL (2 c&amp;s,
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.18" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="61.8">61.8 mm</quantity>
SL male,
<quantity box="[279,374,1908,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.19" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="71.9">71.9 mm</quantity>
SL female).
<collectionCode box="[513,602,1908,1932]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ej4f-8m62" name="Museu de Historia Natural Capao de Imbuia (Brazil)" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">MHNCI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114455302" collectionCode="MNRJ" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" specimenCode="8" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
12485,
<specimenCode box="[689,704,1908,1932]" collectionCode="MHNCI" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ej4f-8m62" name="Museu de Historia Natural Capao de Imbuia (Brazil)" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">8</specimenCode>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.995" metricValueMax="7.95" metricValueMin="4.04" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="59.95" valueMax="79.5" valueMin="40.4">40.4- 79.5 mm</quantity>
SL (plus
<quantity box="[315,353,1943,1967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
ethyl alcohol,
<quantity box="[501,647,1943,1967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.005" metricValueMax="8.99" metricValueMin="5.02" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="70.05" valueMax="89.9" valueMin="50.2">50.2-89.9 mm</quantity>
SL).
<collectionCode box="[701,771,1943,1966]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">MNRJ</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,1390,1483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
39678, 11, 42.2-80.0 mm SL (2 c&amp;s,
<quantity box="[1216,1311,1390,1414]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.46" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="44.6">44.6 mm</quantity>
SL unsexed,
<quantity box="[809,904,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="76.2">76.2 mm</quantity>
SL female).
<accessionNumber box="[1046,1175,1425,1449]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NUP13501" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">NUP 13501</accessionNumber>
, 8,
<quantity box="[1214,1365,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.040000000000001" metricValueMax="8.690000000000001" metricValueMin="3.3899999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="60.4" valueMax="86.9" valueMin="33.9">33.9-86.9 mm</quantity>
SL. All specimens collected with the
<typeStatus box="[1122,1218,1459,1483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,1528,1967]" lastBlockId="2.[816,1460,1148,1276]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,925,1528,1552]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The combination of shallow body depth (27.3- 31.3%
<emphasis box="[884,913,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
more than 41.0% of SL), low number of branched anal-fin rays (16-21, mean = 18,
<emphasis box="[1156,1178,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">vs</emphasis>
. more than 21 rays), dark midlateral stripe extending to the tip of the caudal-fin rays, and body heaviest in the area proximate to middle of pectoral fins include
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[889,1062,1701,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[889,1062,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName box="[1126,1279,1701,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabripinnis">
<emphasis box="[1126,1279,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. scabripinnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex of Bertaco &amp; Lucena (2006).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[1110,1285,1736,1759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[1110,1285,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all species of the
<taxonomicName box="[1066,1228,1770,1794]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabripinnis">
<emphasis box="[1066,1228,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. scabripinnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex by its subterminal mouth in specimens larger than
<quantity box="[1317,1413,1805,1829]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="48.2">48.2 mm</quantity>
SL (
<emphasis box="[817,839,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">vs</emphasis>
. mouth terminal in all species). Additionally,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[1322,1426,1840,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[1322,1426,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all species from this complex, except
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliveira, Abilhoa &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2013" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaricana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. guaricana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[924,1078,1909,1932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnogenys">
<emphasis box="[924,1078,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. gymnogenys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1088,1193,1908,1932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis box="[1088,1193,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1204,1322,1908,1932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis box="[1204,1322,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[1333,1444,1909,1932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paranae">
<emphasis box="[1333,1444,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. paranae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena, Bertaco &amp; Berbigier" authorityYear="2013" box="[809,941,1943,1967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pirabitira">
<emphasis box="[809,941,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. pirabitira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[955,1113,1943,1967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabripinnis">
<emphasis box="[955,1113,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. scabripinnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garavello &amp; Sampaio" authorityYear="2010" box="[1128,1244,1943,1967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis box="[1128,1244,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Abilhoa &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2007" box="[1305,1417,1943,1967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varzeae">
<emphasis box="[1305,1417,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A. varzeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its higher number of lateral line scales (39-41
<emphasis box="[607,629,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs</emphasis>
. 31-38). From
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[136,296,1183,1207]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnogenys">
<emphasis box="[136,296,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. gymnogenys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[309,420,1183,1207]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis box="[309,325,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[340,420,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[435,559,1183,1207]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis box="[435,559,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[574,732,1183,1207]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabripinnis">
<emphasis box="[574,732,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. scabripinnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garavello &amp; Sampaio" authorityYear="2010" box="[136,252,1218,1241]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis box="[136,252,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[266,371,1218,1241]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[266,371,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by its shallower body depth (27.3-31.3%
<emphasis box="[341,370,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs.</emphasis>
35.7-39.0%, 35.3-40.6%, 31.6-40.8%, 33% and 34.2-39.7% of SL, respectively).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[599,779,1287,1310]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[599,779,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[372,491,1322,1345]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paranae">
<emphasis box="[372,491,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. paranae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its longer snout length (21.8-26.8%
<emphasis box="[275,297,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs</emphasis>
. 16.0-20.4% of HL). From
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliveira, Abilhoa &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2013" box="[599,738,1356,1379]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaricana">
<emphasis box="[599,738,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. guaricana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the new species can be differentiated by its shorter interorbital width (23.5-28.4%
<emphasis box="[345,367,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs</emphasis>
. 32.7-40.9% of HL) and shorter head length (27.1-32.5%
<emphasis box="[349,377,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs.</emphasis>
23.9-26.6% of SL). From
<taxonomicName authorityName="Abilhoa &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2007" box="[666,779,1460,1483]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varzeae">
<emphasis box="[666,779,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. varzeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the new species can be differentiated by its shorter interorbital width (23.5-28.4%
<emphasis box="[334,356,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs</emphasis>
. 29.8-37.7% of HL), by relatively shorter caudal peduncle length (13.3-16.3%, modally 14.9%,
<emphasis box="[691,713,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs</emphasis>
. 10.5- 13.9%, modally 12.4%, of SL) and relatively longer snout length (21.8-26.8%, modally 24.5%,
<emphasis box="[447,469,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs</emphasis>
. 16.4-23.3%, modally 20.1%, of HL). From
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena, Bertaco &amp; Berbigier" authorityYear="2013" box="[282,411,1666,1690]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pirabitira">
<emphasis box="[282,411,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. pirabitira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the new species is distinguished by the presence of four to five cusps on the second to fourth tooth in the inner premaxillary series (
<emphasis box="[435,456,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs</emphasis>
. seven cusps).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[606,779,1736,1759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[606,779,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differ from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zanata &amp; Camelier" authorityYear="2009" box="[309,429,1770,1794]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgerai">
<emphasis box="[309,429,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. burgerai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1908" box="[443,596,1770,1794]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis box="[443,596,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zanata &amp; Camelier" authorityYear="2008" box="[610,745,1770,1794]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jacobinae">A. jacobinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Azpelicueta, Casciotta &amp; Almiron" authorityYear="2002" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leonidas">A. leonidas</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertaco &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2006" box="[243,428,1805,1829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microschemos">
<emphasis box="[243,428,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. microschemos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Azpelicueta &amp; Garcia" authorityYear="2000" box="[445,543,1805,1828]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ojiara">
<emphasis box="[445,543,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. ojiara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Triques, Vono &amp; Caiafa" authorityYear="2003" box="[560,739,1805,1829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turmalinensis">
<emphasis box="[560,739,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. turmalinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[227,348,1839,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis box="[227,348,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis box="[359,608,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tagliacollo, Britzke, Silva &amp; Benine" authorityYear="2011" box="[359,484,1840,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pirapuan">A. pirapuan</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[492,608,1839,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivularis">A. rivularis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garavello &amp; Sampaio" authorityYear="2010" box="[618,730,1840,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis box="[618,730,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Azpelicueta, Casciotta &amp; Almiron" authorityYear="2002" box="[136,217,1874,1898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="troya">
<emphasis box="[136,217,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. troya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of humeral spot (straight, very narrow and height, occupying two or two and a half scales wide and about six scales height,
<emphasis box="[326,348,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">vs</emphasis>
. wide and short with curved or rounded portions, occupying three or more scales wide and less than six scales height in the former seven species and with upper portion wide and something rounded with a vertical projection in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[910,1032,1252,1276]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis box="[910,1032,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tagliacollo, Britzke, Silva &amp; Benine" authorityYear="2011" box="[1045,1169,1252,1276]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pirapuan">
<emphasis box="[1045,1169,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. pirapuan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garavello &amp; Sampaio" authorityYear="2010" box="[1182,1295,1252,1276]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis box="[1182,1295,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Azpelicueta, Casciotta &amp; Almiron" authorityYear="2002" box="[1352,1435,1252,1276]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="troya">
<emphasis box="[1352,1435,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A. troya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551081/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" startId="2.[136,175,1039,1063]" targetBox="[136,1459,174,1024]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1459,1039,1096]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,206,1039,1063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Ingenito &amp; Duboc, 2014" authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[213,394,1040,1063]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus" status="new species">
<emphasis box="[213,394,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[407,539,1040,1064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. A: Holotype, MNRJ 39677, 94.0 mm SL; B: Paratype, MCP 46942, 59.9 mm SL. All from the rio Canivete, Balsa Nova, Paraná State, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1460,1321,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,955,1321,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data is given in
<tableCitation box="[1304,1388,1321,1345]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[129,192,174,198]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric data of 33 specimens of Astyanax eremus from the upper rio Iguaçu. SD = Standard deviation. Range includes the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF266666FFEFFFAEFF7B5CB9A7B2FE90" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" tableUuid="DF266666FFEFFFAEFF7B5CB9A7B2FE90">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Body compressed. Greatest body depth usually located anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils, straight or slightly convex from this point to supraoccipital spine. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex between supraoccipital spine and origin of dorsal fin, straight at dorsal-fin origin, slightly convex between dorsal and adipose fins, and gently concave at caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of head and body gently convex from mouth to anal-fin origin, straight to slightly convex at anal-fin base, and gently concave at caudal peduncle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1460,1321,1967]" lastBlockId="3.[129,772,976,1967]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
Mouth subterminal, lower jaw shorter than upper jaw. Mouth of specimens smaller than
<quantity box="[1100,1195,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="48.2">48.2 mm</quantity>
SL almost terminal with equal jaws, becoming gradually subterminal with size increase. Maxillary bone surpassing iris anterior margin, bearing one (4), two (18), three (5*), four (4), or five (2) tri- (31) or pentacuspid (2*) teeth. Premaxillary teeth in two rows: outer row with three (7) or four (23*) tri- (28*) or tetracuspid (1) teeth. Teeth of outer row smaller than those of inner row; aligned and not projecting anteriorly. Inner row with four (23*) or five (10) tetra- or pentacuspid* teeth (
<figureCitation box="[413,505,1010,1034]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[136,175,814,838]" captionStartId-1="4.[816,855,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1437,174,799]" captionTargetBox-1="[826,1435,1260,1788]" captionTargetId-0="figure-266@4.[136,1459,174,799]" captionTargetId-1="figure-416@4.[816,1459,1178,1801]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Astyanax eremus, new species, MCP 46942 (71.9 mm SL), paratype. Medial view of left side of the head with mouth region enhanced. Tooth of the outer premaxillary row (ES). Functional tooth of the inner premaxillary row (FT). Tooth of the maxillary bone (MxT). Replacement tooth of the inner premaxillary series (RT)." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Astyanax eremus, new species, MCP 46942, 71.9 mm SL, paratype. Posterior view of the left premaxillary bone. Tooth of the outer premaxillary row (ES). Functional tooth of the inner premaxillary row (FT). Replacement tooth of the inner premaxillary series (RT)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551083" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551087" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4551083/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4551087/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Figs. 2-3</figureCitation>
); nine specimens with five teeth on left side bearing four teeth on opposite premaxillary bone. Dentary teeth of c&amp;s specimens nine (1), 10 (1), or 11 (2). Anterior four (22*) or five (10) dentary teeth largest with four or five* cusps. Premaxillary and dentary teeth massive. Central cusp of all teeth largest. Some specimens with cutting edge of teeth eroded or teeth missing in entire upper and/or lower jaws.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF266666FFEFFFAEFF7B5CB9A7B2FE90" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF266666FFEFFFAEFF7B5CB9A7B2FE90" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" startId="3.[129,192,174,198]" targetBox="[134,767,274,883]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,772,174,263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,221,174,198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Table 2.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of 33 specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the upper rio Iguaçu. SD = Standard deviation. Range includes the holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<table box="[134,767,274,883]" gridcols="5" gridrows="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<tr box="[134,767,274,293]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" rowspan-0="1">
<th box="[460,539,274,293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Holotype</th>
<th box="[562,654,274,293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Range</th>
<th box="[676,767,274,293]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Mean SD</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,300,319]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,300,319]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Total length (mm)</th>
<td box="[460,539,300,319]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">113.2</td>
<td box="[562,654,300,319]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">43.1-117.7</td>
<td box="[676,719,300,319]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">79.3</td>
<td box="[740,767,300,319]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,324,343]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,324,343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td box="[460,539,324,343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">94.0</td>
<td box="[562,654,324,343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">33.9-99.5</td>
<td box="[676,719,324,343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">64.2</td>
<td box="[740,767,324,343]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,349,368]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,767,349,368]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Percents of Standard Length</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,374,393]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,374,393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Body depth at dorsal- fin origin</th>
<td box="[460,539,374,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">28.9</td>
<td box="[562,654,374,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">27.3-31.3</td>
<td box="[676,719,374,393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">29.6</td>
<td box="[740,767,374,393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,397,417]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,397,417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Snout to dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td box="[460,539,397,417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">52.1</td>
<td box="[562,654,397,417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">50.8-55.0</td>
<td box="[676,719,397,417]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">52.6</td>
<td box="[740,767,397,417]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,422,442]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,422,442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Snout to pectoral-fin origin</th>
<td box="[460,539,422,442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">27.4</td>
<td box="[562,654,422,442]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">25.7-30.1</td>
<td box="[676,719,422,442]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">27.4</td>
<td box="[740,767,422,442]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,447,466]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,447,466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Snout to pelvic- fin origin</th>
<td box="[460,539,447,466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">51.2</td>
<td box="[562,654,447,466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">49.6-52.9</td>
<td box="[676,719,447,466]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">51.5</td>
<td box="[740,767,447,466]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,471,491]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,471,491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Snout to anal-fin origin</th>
<td box="[460,539,471,491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">66.8</td>
<td box="[562,654,471,491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">64.4-69.0</td>
<td box="[676,719,471,491]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">66.8</td>
<td box="[740,767,471,491]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,496,515]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,496,515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td box="[460,539,496,515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">10.3</td>
<td box="[562,654,496,515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">8.7-11.0</td>
<td box="[676,719,496,515]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">10.4</td>
<td box="[740,767,496,515]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,521,540]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,521,540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td box="[460,539,521,540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">15.1</td>
<td box="[562,654,521,540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">13.3-16.3</td>
<td box="[676,719,521,540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">14.9</td>
<td box="[740,767,521,540]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,545,564]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,545,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Pectoral- fin length</th>
<td box="[460,539,545,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">19.3</td>
<td box="[562,654,545,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">17.7-21.3</td>
<td box="[676,719,545,564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">19.5</td>
<td box="[740,767,545,564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,569,589]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,569,589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Pelvic- fin length</th>
<td box="[460,539,569,589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">14.5</td>
<td box="[562,654,569,589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">13.6-17.1</td>
<td box="[676,719,569,589]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">15.1</td>
<td box="[740,767,569,589]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,594,613]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,594,613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td box="[460,539,594,613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">12.5</td>
<td box="[562,654,594,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">10.6-13.2</td>
<td box="[676,719,594,613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">12.1</td>
<td box="[740,767,594,613]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,618,638]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,618,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Dorsal-fin deep</th>
<td box="[460,539,618,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">20.5</td>
<td box="[562,654,618,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">19.7-25.9</td>
<td box="[676,719,618,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">22.8</td>
<td box="[740,767,618,638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,643,663]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,643,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Anal- fin base length</th>
<td box="[460,539,643,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">19.8</td>
<td box="[562,654,643,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">19.8-24.3</td>
<td box="[676,719,643,663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">21.5</td>
<td box="[740,767,643,663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,668,687]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,668,687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Anal- fin lobe length</th>
<td box="[460,539,668,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">15.5</td>
<td box="[562,654,668,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">14.2-19.4</td>
<td box="[676,719,668,687]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">17.1</td>
<td box="[740,767,668,687]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,692,711]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,692,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Eye to dorsal- fin origin</th>
<td box="[460,539,692,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">38.2</td>
<td box="[562,654,692,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">35.0-39.5</td>
<td box="[676,719,692,711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">37.6</td>
<td box="[740,767,692,711]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,717,736]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,717,736]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Dorsal-fin origin to caudal</th>
<td box="[460,539,717,736]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">37.6</td>
<td box="[562,654,717,736]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">37.4-41.7</td>
<td box="[676,719,717,736]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">39.4</td>
<td box="[740,767,717,736]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,742,761]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,742,761]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Head length</th>
<td box="[460,539,742,761]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">28.8</td>
<td box="[562,654,742,761]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">27.1-32.5</td>
<td box="[676,719,742,761]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">29.1</td>
<td box="[740,767,742,761]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,766,785]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,767,766,785]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Percents of Head Length</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,790,810]" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,790,810]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Horizontal eye diameter</th>
<td box="[460,539,790,810]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">29.4</td>
<td box="[562,654,790,810]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">27.4-39.5</td>
<td box="[676,719,790,810]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">33.4</td>
<td box="[740,767,790,810]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,815,834]" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,815,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Snout length</th>
<td box="[460,539,815,834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">26.5</td>
<td box="[562,654,815,834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">21.8-26.8</td>
<td box="[676,719,815,834]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">24.5</td>
<td box="[740,767,815,834]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,839,859]" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,839,859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Least interorbital width</th>
<td box="[460,539,839,859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">28.4</td>
<td box="[562,654,839,859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">23.5-28.4</td>
<td box="[676,719,839,859]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">26.2</td>
<td box="[740,767,839,859]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,767,864,883]" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<th box="[134,399,864,883]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Upper jaw length</th>
<td box="[460,539,864,883]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">42.6</td>
<td box="[562,654,864,883]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">38.2-44.6</td>
<td box="[676,719,864,883]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">41.3</td>
<td box="[740,767,864,883]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">1.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,772,976,1967]" lastBlockId="3.[809,1453,181,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Externally visible dorsal-fin rays ii,9* (one specimen iii,9); first unbranched ray usually less than half length of second unbranched ray. First one preceded by reduced ray only visible at c&amp;s specimens. First and second branched dorsal-fin rays longest, not reaching adipose fin when adpressed. Dorsalfin origin approximately at middle of SL. Distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight or slightly convex. Adipose-fin origin located approximately at vertical through insertion of base of last anal-fin ray. Pectoral-fin rays 13 (14*), 14 (15), or 15 (4), first unbranched; distal margin slightly convex. Tip of adpressed pectoral fin not reaching vertical line passing through dorsal-fin origin, separated from pelvic-fin origin by three or four scale rows. Pelvic-fin rays eight (31) or nine (2*), first unbranched; distal margin slightly convex. Anal fin with four or five unbranched and 16 (1), 17 (2), 18 (8*), 19 (15), 20 (6), or 21 (1) branched rays. First (2) and second (2) unbranched anal-fin rays only observed in cleared and stained specimens. Anterior branched rays longest. Distal margin of anal fin nearly straight to concave. Anal-fin origin located approximately at vertical through one to three scales behind base of posterior most dorsal-fin ray. Principal caudal-fin rays i,17,i. Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 11 (2) or 12 (2). Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 10 (2) or 11 (2). Caudal fin forked, upper and lower lobes approximately equal in size.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1453,181,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
Scales cycloid.
<emphasis box="[1009,1082,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Circuli</emphasis>
on posterior field of scales present. Predorsal medial scales 12 (1), 13 (6*), 14 (19), or 15 (7), sometimes in irregular series. Lateral line complete with 39 (9), 40 (15*), or 41 (9) scales. Seven (16) or eight (16*) scales in transverse series above lateral line. Five (32*) or six (1) scales in transverse series below lateral line. Single row of five (1), six (6), seven (15*), eight (7), nine (3), or 11 (1) scales covering basis of anterior most anal-fin rays. Circumpeduncular scales 16 (18*), 17 (8), 18 (4), or 19 (1). Caudal fin not scaled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1453,181,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Third infraorbital small, not in contact with preopercle. First gill arch with seven epibranchial, nine ceratobranchial, and one hypobranchial setiform gill-rakers. One gill-raker at joint of epi- and ceratobranchial bones. Four branchiostegal rays. Total number of vertebrae 38 (four weberian + 13 (1) or 14 (3) thoracic + 20 caudal). Thirteen (1) or 14 (3) pairs of pleural ribs. Supraneurals five (4). Breeding tubercles minute, visible only in few specimens as scarce white bumps scattered over top of head, face, predorsal scales and some flank scales from anterior portion of trunk.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1452,976,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,1000,976,1000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Preserved specimens with overall ground color yellowish. Guanine pigmentation present on opercular and infraorbital series, and over most of flank scales from midlateral dark stripe to below. Body covered by scattered dark chromatophores, more concentrated on distal margin of scales forming a reticulated pattern. Dorsal and dorsolateral portions of head and body dark brown. Lateral region of the head densely covered by dark chromatophores, less concentrated on third infraorbital and below it, and over laminar portion of opercle and subopercle. Lower lip dark brown. Ventral regions of head and abdomen light. Black humeral spot conspicuous, narrow and vertically elongated; two or two and a half scales wide and about six scales high. Midlateral dark stripe extending from humeral region to median caudal-fin rays, about two to four (usually three) scales far from humeral spot. Anterior portion of midlateral stripe vertically expanded, about three scales high, gradually decreasing to one scale high in caudal peduncle at vertical through insertion of base of last anal-fin ray. Its anterior region a bit darker than remaining, insinuating a faint second humeral spot in few specimens. Terminal portion of midlateral stripe at caudal peduncle irregularly expanded forming an inconspicuous caudal spot extending over caudalfin base. Midlateral stripe faint over medial caudal-fin rays in larger specimens, more visible at small fish. All fins, except adipose fin, reddish to orange with distal margin hyaline and scattered dark chromotophores, more concentrated on its distal margins. Adipose fin yellowish as background color of body with dark chromatophores mainly on its base.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551083/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" startId="4.[136,175,814,838]" targetBox="[136,1437,174,799]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1459,814,902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,206,814,838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Ingenito &amp; Duboc, 2014" authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[213,393,814,838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus" status="new species">
<emphasis box="[213,393,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[406,537,814,838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MCP 46942 (71.9 mm SL), paratype. Medial view of left side of the head with mouth region enhanced. Tooth of the outer premaxillary row (ES). Functional tooth of the inner premaxillary row (FT). Tooth of the maxillary bone (MxT). Replacement tooth of the inner premaxillary series (RT).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,778,976,1069]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,287,976,1000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Color in life.</emphasis>
Color in life is similar to that in preserved specimens but more silvery, stronger red pigmentation, and lateral spots and midlateral stripe less evident.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,1114,1207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,365,1114,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Secondary sexual characters were not found on examined specimens. Occasional nuptial tubercles were not associated to sex herein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,780,1252,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,483,1252,1276]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Habitat and ecological notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[493,682,1252,1276]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[493,682,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the rio Canivete, a small, short and isolated tributary to the main channel of the upper rio Iguaçu, at Balsa Nova county. Rio Canivete runs through a grove of about
<quantity box="[630,721,1356,1380]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
long and
<quantity box="[183,253,1390,1414]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
wide, where the sampling point is located. This woodland, which is more or less well preserved with native and introduced marginal vegetation, mainly formed by trees (including Brazilian pine
<taxonomicName authority="(Bertol.))" baseAuthorityName="Bertol." box="[398,736,1494,1518]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
<emphasis box="[398,634,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Araucaria angustifolia</emphasis>
(Bertol.))
</taxonomicName>
and bushes, is somewhat an island inside a wheat plantation. It is bounded upstream by a fall of about
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, and downstream by a series of rapids for about
<quantity box="[464,553,1598,1622]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
which form a gap of more than
<quantity box="[251,306,1632,1656]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
from the sampling area up to the rio Iguaçu ledge. The sample site was inside the grove and had about 0.5-1.0 m depth and about
<quantity box="[421,462,1701,1725]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
width, with lentic transparent water and sandy and clay bottom variably covered by fallen trees, branches and leaves (
<figureCitation box="[425,491,1770,1794]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[129,168,685,709]" captionTargetBox="[129,1452,174,670]" captionTargetId="figure-587@5.[129,1452,174,670]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Type locality of Astyanax eremus, new species, Amola Faca/Registro Farm, Balsa Nova, Paraná (A: panoramic view of the type locality; B: sample site). Red arrow indicates the sample area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551089/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). No other fish species was collected at the sample area of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[465,571,1805,1828]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[465,571,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">A. eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551087/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" startId="4.[816,855,1814,1838]" targetBox="[826,1435,1260,1788]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[816,1460,1814,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,886,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Ingenito &amp; Duboc, 2014" authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[892,1072,1814,1838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus" status="new species">
<emphasis box="[892,1072,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1084,1215,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MCP 46942, 71.9 mm SL, paratype. Posterior view of the left premaxillary bone. Tooth of the outer premaxillary row (ES). Functional tooth of the inner premaxillary row (FT). Replacement tooth of the inner premaxillary series (RT).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,780,1252,1967]" lastBlockId="4.[816,1459,976,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
Macroscopical observation of gonads extracted from the four c&amp;s specimens indicates that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[581,695,1874,1898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[581,695,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">A. eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was at reproductive season during the collect period (October). Two of the specimens where mature females, with ovaries full of ovocytes (71.9 and
<quantity box="[1025,1120,976,1000]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.69" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="76.9">76.9 mm</quantity>
SL). One of the specimens was a mature male with large testicles (
<quantity box="[1181,1276,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.18" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="61.8">61.8 mm</quantity>
SL). The smaller specimen (
<quantity box="[931,1027,1045,1069]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.46" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="44.6">44.6 mm</quantity>
SL) was immature and its sex could not be identified. It was not possible to associate the scarse and underdeveloped observed tubercles to sexual dimorphism.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" startId="5.[129,168,685,709]" targetBox="[129,1452,174,670]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph blockId="5.[129,1452,685,742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,199,685,709]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Type locality of
<taxonomicName authority="Ingenito &amp; Duboc, 2014" authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[382,562,685,709]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus" status="new species">
<emphasis box="[382,562,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[576,707,685,709]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Amola Faca/Registro Farm, Balsa Nova, Paraná (A: panoramic view of the type locality; B: sample site). Red arrow indicates the sample area.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="5.[129,772,803,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,272,803,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[277,453,803,827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[277,453,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Astyanax eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from its
<typeStatus box="[642,687,804,828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation box="[136,199,837,862]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,175,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,205,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-428@6.[136,1459,174,1099]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Distribution of Astyanax eremus, new species, in rio Iguaçu basin (*). Vertical bars indicate biogeographic barriers of the rio Iguaçu according to Ingenito et al. (2004) (A and B). Serrinha from Haseman &amp; Eigenmann (1911) (S). Coastal At- lantic rivers from Southeastern Brazil (CRB). Rio Iguaçu drainage (RID). Rio Negro drainage (RND). Rio Ribeira de Iguape drainage (RRB). Rio Tibagi drainage (RTB). Rio da Várzea drainage (RVD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551091/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) in the rio Canivete, a small and short isolated affluent of the upper rio Iguaçu, a tributary to the rio
<collectingRegion box="[595,667,872,896]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Paraná</collectingRegion>
drainage.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="5.[129,771,941,1035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,257,941,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Latin
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ingenito &amp; Duboc" authorityYear="2014" box="[440,516,942,965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremus">
<emphasis box="[440,516,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">eremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that means “alone” or “uninhabited”, in allusion to the absence of other fish species in the
<typeStatus box="[195,241,1011,1035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
locality. An adjective.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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