674 lines
96 KiB
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674 lines
96 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A63FB58F419C8A9B29F1EA891FE5691F">Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BD34C7C85966FB4B9108B4F112AE545B">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D6718F64F779DF3C59D83D45BE5CD9FD">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany. Laboratory of Arachnology (LATLAX), Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Tlaxcala, San Miguel Contla, Santa Cruz Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F087F1AC46FFE0094C664CE0D0F911" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="211663654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8160866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F1AC46FFE0094C664CE0D0F911" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087F1AC46FFE0094C664CE0D0F911" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC46FFE6094C664CE0D9FD55" ID-CoL="57BNL" authority="(Gertsch, 1982)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[600,988,618,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC46FFE6094C664CE018FD55" bold="true" box="[600,797,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tolteca hesperia</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC46FFE60838664CE0D6FD55" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[812,979,618,645]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<subSubSection id="C343656CAC46FFE609B266A8E088FD78" box="[678,909,653,680]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC46FFE609B266A8E088FD78" blockId="48.[600,988,618,680]" box="[678,909,653,680]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<figureCitation id="13622A62AC46FFE609B266A8E03DFD77" box="[678,824,653,680]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[188,229,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,658,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-99@47.[189,1398,658,1774]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 36. Tolteca Huber, 2000 live specimens. A–B. T. hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario. C–D. T. jalisco (Gertsch, 1982), females with egg-sacs from Mexico, Jalisco, N of La Quemada. E–F. T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Colima, E of Manzanillo. G–H. T. sinnombre Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Colima, S of Coquimatlán. I–J. T. huahua Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Michoacán, W of Huahua. K–L. T. oaxaca Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Oaxaca, NW of Tehuantepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155586/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 36A–B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13622A62AC46FFE6085066A8E088FD78" box="[836,909,654,680]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStartId-0="48.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-1="49.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-2="50.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-3="51.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-4="52.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionStartId-5="53.[189,232,1724,1750]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,1189,1882]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1338,753,1881]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,949,1883]" captionTargetBox-3="[207,1381,803,1887]" captionTargetBox-4="[194,1393,265,1781]" captionTargetBox-5="[189,1398,265,1657]" captionTargetId-0="figure-249@48.[189,1398,1187,1882]" captionTargetId-1="figure-172@49.[191,1397,753,1886]" captionTargetId-2="figure-225@50.[189,1398,949,1884]" captionTargetId-3="figure-175@51.[207,1381,803,1887]" captionTargetId-4="figure-12@52.[194,1393,265,1781]" captionTargetId-5="figure-12@53.[189,1398,265,1657]" captionTargetPageId-0="48" captionTargetPageId-1="49" captionTargetPageId-2="50" captionTargetPageId-3="51" captionTargetPageId-4="52" captionTargetPageId-5="53" captionText-0="Fig. 37. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; co = coxa; fe = femur; p = procursus; pa = patella; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; tr = trochanter. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 38. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 39. Tolteca hesperia(Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Mex253), epigyna. A, C. Ventral views. B, D. Lateral views. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale)." captionText-3="Fig. 40. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953), cleared female genitalia, A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.1 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm." captionText-4="Fig. 41. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253). A. Male chelicerae, lateral view. B. Male right chelicera, frontal view. C. Left male palp, distal view. D. Right genital bulb (and procursus), dorso-distal view. E. Detail of male palpal tarsus showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). F. Male palpal tarsal organ. G. Female palpal tarsal organ. H. Male ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; fe = femur; p = procursus. Scale bars: A, C–D = 20 µm; B, E–F = 10 µm; G = 1 µm; H = 2 µm." captionText-5="Fig. 42. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253). A. Male tibia 1, prolateral view. B. Male tibia 1, retrolateral view. C. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hair on male tibia 1. D. ‘Regular’ short vertical hair on male metatarsus 1. E. Tip of ‘regular’ short vertical hair, detail of preceding image. F. Male metatarsustarsus 1 joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. G. Tarsal organ on female tarsus 1. H. Tip of left male tarsus 2, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–B, F, H = 10 µm; C–D, G = 2 µm; E = 1 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155588" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155592" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155599" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155603" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155607" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155609" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8155588/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8155592/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8155599/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8155603/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8155607/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/8155609/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">37–42</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC46FFE60BA966E9E1AFFD39" authority="Gertsch, 1982: 102" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,682,719,745]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC46FFE60BA966E9E2C7FD39" box="[189,450,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pholcophora hesperia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC46FFE60ADE66E9E1AFFD39" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[458,682,719,745]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982: 102</bibRefCitation>
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(part; see Remarks below), figs 34–36, 45–47 (
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|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC46FFE60FE066E9E603FD39" box="[1268,1286,719,745]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC46FFE60BA96736E14FFC9E" blockId="48.[189,1399,784,846]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4911C9AC46FFE60BA96736E14FFC9E" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC46FFE60BA96736E27BFCFA" ID-CoL="57BNL" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[189,382,784,810]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC46FFE60BA96736E27BFCFA" box="[189,382,784,810]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tolteca hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF810F6AC46FFE60A8E6736E15AFCFB" author="Huber B. A." box="[410,607,784,811]" page="118" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC46FFE60A8E6736E15AFCFB" author="Huber B. A." box="[410,607,784,811]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000: 118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(part, see Remarks below), fig. 454 (other figures refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC46FFE60E116737E672FCFA" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[1285,1399,785,810]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxaca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC46FFE60E116737E672FCFA" box="[1285,1399,785,810]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">T. oaxaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC46FFE60BFE6712E24DFC9E" box="[234,328,820,846]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; see Remarks below).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC46FFE70BA96753E2EEFD10" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC46FFE60BA96753E22AFC5F" blockId="48.[189,303,885,911]" box="[189,303,885,911]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<heading id="D0AE818BAC46FFE60BA96753E22AFC5F" bold="true" box="[189,303,885,911]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC46FFE60BA96753E22AFC5F" bold="true" box="[189,303,885,911]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC46FFE70BA96782E715FE96" blockId="48.[189,1399,932,1099]" lastBlockId="49.[189,1399,265,327]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC46FFE60BA96782E275FC6E" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[189,368,932,958]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated a male specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC46FFE6080C6782E075FC6E" box="[792,880,932,958]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E28845AC46FFE608896782E702FC6E" box="[925,1031,932,958]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and in the text description he explicitly refers to that specimen. However, it is not clear if the figures of the male (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC46FFE60FD867E1E676FC31" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[1228,1395,967,993]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 34–36) are from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E28845AC46FFE60ACC67CCE13AFBD4" box="[472,575,1002,1028]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
or not. The procursus (narrowing gradually) and chelicerae (apophyses weakly protruding) suggest he drew another specimen of what is now considered a different species (maybe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC46FFE60A086017E295FB9A" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[284,400,1072,1098]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huahua" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC46FFE60A086017E295FB9A" box="[284,400,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">T. huahua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC46FFE60A836017E2F4FB9B" box="[407,497,1073,1099]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC46FFE609036017E1B0FB9A" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[535,693,1072,1098]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manzanillo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC46FFE609036017E1B0FB9A" box="[535,693,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">T. manzanillo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC46FFE609A96017E01EFB9B" box="[701,795,1073,1099]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC46FFE6083B6016E0F7FB9B" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[815,1010,1072,1099]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch’s (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figures from the female (Gertsch 1982: figs 45–47) are certainly not from a topotypical female as no such female was available to him. It is not possible to tell from Gertsch’s figures which species he illustrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF26666FAC46FFE60BA963AEE7FDF839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8155588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155588/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[189,1398,1189,1882]" targetPageId="48">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC46FFE60BA963AEE7FDF839" blockId="48.[189,1398,1928,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC46FFE60BA963AEE21FF872" bold="true" box="[189,282,1928,1954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 37.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC46FFE60A3563AEE1A6F872" authority="(Gertsch, 1982)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[289,675,1928,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC46FFE60A3563AEE2E7F872" box="[289,482,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tolteca hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC46FFE60AE463AEE19EF872" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[496,667,1928,1954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; co = coxa; fe = femur; p = procursus; pa = patella; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; tr = trochanter. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC47FFE70BA96548E03EFE1E" blockId="49.[189,1399,366,463]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
The redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC47FFE70AA16548E132FE58" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[437,567,366,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE70AA16548E132FE58" box="[437,567,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC47FFE709496548E1F8FE58" author="Huber B. A." box="[605,765,366,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is mainly based on specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC47FFE70FB96548E600FE58" box="[1197,1285,366,392]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC47FFE70E026548E649FE58" box="[1302,1356,366,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi</quantity>
|
||
SE of Niltepec) that are here considered a different species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC47FFE7084165B4E0C3FE7B" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[853,966,402,427]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxaca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE7084165B4E0C3FE7B" box="[853,966,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. oaxaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC47FFE708D965B7E72DFE7B" box="[973,1064,401,427]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). Only the illustration of the procursus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC47FFE70A2A6592E2D5FE1E" author="Huber B. A." box="[318,464,436,462]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 454) is from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E28845AC47FFE709D86592E032FE1E" box="[716,823,436,462]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC47FFE70BA965D0E2EEFD10" blockId="49.[188,1399,501,704]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
We have not restudied
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC47FFE70AC765D3E19FFDC0" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[467,666,501,528]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch’s (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC47FFE709B065D0E02DFDDF" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[676,808,501,527]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE709B065D0E02DFDDF" box="[676,808,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens but consider all specimens except for those from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC47FFE70A55663FE29CFDE3" box="[321,409,537,563]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
to represent other species. Judging from the geographic closeness to newly collected specimens, Gertsch’s specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC47FFE70998661AE1E7FD86" box="[652,738,572,598]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
probably represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC47FFE708CC661BE776FD86" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[984,1139,572,598]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinnombre" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE708CC661BE776FD86" box="[984,1139,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. sinnombre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC47FFE70F6A661AE7D9FD86" box="[1150,1244,572,598]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC47FFE70FE4661AE63DFD86" box="[1264,1336,572,598]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
|
||
S of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC47FFE70BA96679E210FDA9" box="[189,277,607,633]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC47FFE70A486646E2FBFDA9" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[348,510,607,633]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manzanillo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE70A486646E2FBFDA9" box="[348,510,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. manzanillo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC47FFE7091C6646E163FDAA" box="[520,614,608,634]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC47FFE7096D6679E1C5FDA9" box="[633,704,607,633]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 mi</quantity>
|
||
E of Manzanillo); those from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC47FFE70F226679E78BFDA9" box="[1078,1166,607,633]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
probably represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC47FFE70BA966A5E234FD4C" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[189,305,643,668]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxaca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE70BA966A5E234FD4C" box="[189,305,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. oaxaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC47FFE70A2F66A5E29DFD4D" box="[315,408,643,669]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
We cannot comment on the specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC47FFE708A966A4E7A2FD4C" box="[957,1191,642,668]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
listed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC47FFE70E0F66A4E20EFD10" author="Gertsch W. J." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC47FFE70A506683E2E2FD10" author="Huber B. A." box="[324,487,677,704]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF26666FAC47FFE70BA963AEE7ABF839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8155592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155592/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[227,1338,753,1881]" targetPageId="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC47FFE70BA963AEE7ABF839" blockId="49.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE70BA963AEE21FF872" bold="true" box="[189,282,1928,1954]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 38.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC47FFE70A3563AEE1A6F872" authority="(Gertsch, 1982)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[289,675,1928,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE70A3563AEE2E7F872" box="[289,482,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Tolteca hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC47FFE70AE463AEE19EF872" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[496,667,1928,1954]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE70BA9638DE3F1F815" bold="true" box="[189,244,1963,1989]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE709C9638DE1F7F815" bold="true" box="[733,754,1963,1989]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC47FFE70BA963E8E3F7F838" bold="true" box="[189,242,1998,2024]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D–F</emphasis>
|
||
. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC44FFE40BA9652EE0E0FDF4" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC44FFE40BA9652EE233FEF2" blockId="50.[189,310,264,290]" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<heading id="D0AE818BAC44FFE40BA9652EE233FEF2" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40BA9652EE233FEF2" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC44FFE40BA96511E0E0FDF4" blockId="50.[188,1399,311,549]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Distinguished from known congeners by the combination of: male genital bulb without dorsal ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC44FFE40BD2657CE236FEA4" box="[198,307,346,372]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[227,1338,753,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-172@49.[191,1397,753,1886]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 38. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155592/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 38F</figureCitation>
|
||
; unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE40A88657DE109FEA4" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[412,524,346,372]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jalisco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40A88657DE109FEA4" box="[412,524,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T. jalisco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); procursus tip abruptly narrowing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC44FFE408C0657CE740FEA4" box="[980,1093,346,372]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[227,1338,753,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-172@49.[191,1397,753,1886]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 38. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155592/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 38C</figureCitation>
|
||
; similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE40FCD657DE672FEA4" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[1241,1399,346,372]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinnombre" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40FCD657DE672FEA4" box="[1241,1399,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T. sinnombre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC44FFE40BA96558E212FE48" box="[189,279,382,408]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, unlike other species); male cheliceral apophyses in lateral view with large angle against distal-frontal face of chelicera (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC44FFE40AF66587E149FE6B" box="[482,588,417,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[227,1338,753,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-172@49.[191,1397,753,1886]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 38. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155592/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 38B</figureCitation>
|
||
; ~60° versus 25–35° in other species; not checked in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE40FAD6587E626FE6B" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1209,1315,417,443]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jalisco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40FAD6587E626FE6B" box="[1209,1315,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T. jalisco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); main epigynal plate band-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC44FFE40AF765E2E175FE0E" box="[483,624,452,478]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,949,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-225@50.[189,1398,949,1884]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 39. Tolteca hesperia(Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Mex253), epigyna. A, C. Ventral views. B, D. Lateral views. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155599/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 39A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
; rather than crescent-shaped as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE408EC65E3E790FE0E" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[1016,1173,452,478]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manzanillo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE408EC65E3E790FE0E" box="[1016,1173,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T. manzanillo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC44FFE40F8865E2E7F0FE0E" box="[1180,1269,452,478]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE40E1765E3E673FE0E" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[1283,1398,452,478]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huahua" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40E1765E3E673FE0E" box="[1283,1398,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T. huahua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC44FFE40BA865CEE21DFDD2" box="[188,280,488,514]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE40A4B65CEE2D6FDD1" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[351,467,488,513]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxaca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40A4B65CEE2D6FDD1" box="[351,467,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T. oaxaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC44FFE40AC865CEE132FDD2" box="[476,567,488,514]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
); sacs in female internal genitalia ~40–50 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC44FFE40FBB65C1E66EFDD1" box="[1199,1387,487,514]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,803,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-175@51.[207,1381,803,1887]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 40. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953), cleared female genitalia, A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.1 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155603/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 40C, F; i.e</figureCitation>
|
||
., longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE40A73662DE2D7FDF4" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[359,466,522,548]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jalisco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40A73662DE2D7FDF4" box="[359,466,522,548]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T. jalisco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE4091F662DE178FDF4" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[523,637,523,548]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE4091F662DE178FDF4" box="[523,637,523,548]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T. oaxaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shorter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE40828662DE0D1FDF4" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[828,980,522,548]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinnombre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40828662DE0D1FDF4" box="[828,980,522,548]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T. sinnombre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC44FFE50BA9666DE615FE5B" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC44FFE40BA9666DE2AFFDB5" blockId="50.[189,426,587,613]" box="[189,426,587,613]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<heading id="D0AE818BAC44FFE40BA9666DE2AFFDB5" bold="true" box="[189,426,587,613]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40BA9666DE2AFFDB5" bold="true" box="[189,426,587,613]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC44FFE40BFE665CE019FD0B" blockId="50.[189,1399,634,731]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBAAC44FFE40BFE665CE019FD0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161533343" collectingDate="1954-07-23" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="W. J. Gertsch" country="Mexico" elevation="15" latitude="23.2" location="Mazatlan" longLatPrecision="754" longitude="-106.36" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sinaloa" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40BFE665CE259FD44" bold="true" box="[234,348,634,660]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E28845AC44FFE40BFE665CE259FD44" box="[234,348,634,660]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7677AC44FFE40BA966B8E234FD68" box="[189,305,670,696]" name="Mexico" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40A4166BBE2B7FD67" bold="true" box="[341,434,669,695]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC44FFE40A4166BBE2B7FD67" box="[341,434,669,695]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC44FFE40AD966B8E2E3FD68" box="[461,486,670,696]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC44FFE40AE066BBE12EFD67" box="[500,555,669,696]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
|
||
S of
|
||
<location id="8E86603CAC44FFE4096566BBE1E7FD67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F1AC46FFE0094C664CE0D0F911:8E86603CAC44FFE4096566BBE1E7FD67" box="[625,738,669,695]" country="Mexico" latitude="23.2" longLatPrecision="754" longitude="-106.36" name="Mazatlan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Sinaloa">Mazatlán</location>
|
||
; ~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5020AC44FFE409EA66B8E06AFD68" box="[766,879,670,696]" degrees="23.20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="23.2">23.20° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5020AC44FFE4086966BBE705FD68" box="[893,1024,669,696]" degrees="106.36" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="-106.36">106.36° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; ~
|
||
<elevation id="0074D1D4AC44FFE40F0966B8E7CFFD67" box="[1053,1226,669,696]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC44FFE40F0966B8E78DFD68" box="[1053,1160,670,696]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE71027AC44FFE40FCE66B8E677FD68" box="[1242,1394,669,696]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1954-07-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA3E9CFAC44FFE40FCE66B8E677FD68" box="[1242,1394,669,696]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1954-07-23">23 Jul. 1954</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5331AC44FFE40BA966E7E257FD0B" box="[189,338,705,731]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">W.J. Gertsch</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE22AC44FFE40A8766E7E2F5FD0B" box="[403,496,705,731]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
; examined (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC44FFE4096966E7E015FD0B" author="Huber B. A." box="[637,784,705,731]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC44FFE40BFE6724E279FCCC" blockId="50.[189,1399,770,900]" box="[234,380,770,796]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40BFE6724E279FCCC" bold="true" box="[234,380,770,796]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">New record</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC44FFE50BA96702E615FE5B" blockId="50.[189,1399,770,900]" lastBlockId="51.[189,1399,265,396]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBAAC44FFE40BA96702E203FC54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161533348" collectingDate="2019-10-09" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="B. A. Huber & A. Valdez-Mondragon" country="Mexico" elevation="65" latitude="22.9584" location="Sinaloa" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-105.849" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Sinaloa">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7677AC44FFE40BA96702E235FCEE" box="[189,304,804,830]" name="Mexico" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40A5F6702E2A2FCEE" bold="true" box="[331,423,804,830]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC44FFE40A5F6702E2A2FCEE" box="[331,423,804,830]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC44FFE40AAB6702E106FCEF" box="[447,515,804,831]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC44FFE4091A6702E13CFCEF" box="[526,569,804,831]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, and 2 cleared epigyna; ~
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A542FC5AC44FFE408776702E732FCEE" box="[867,1079,804,830]" location="Rosario" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC44FFE408776702E099FCEE" box="[867,924,804,830]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Rosario
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5020AC44FFE40F566702E7CFFCEF" box="[1090,1226,804,831]" degrees="22.9584" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="5" value="22.9584">22.9584° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5020AC44FFE40FC16702E677FCEF" box="[1237,1394,804,831]" degrees="105.8490" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="5" value="-105.849">105.8490° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation id="0074D1D4AC44FFE40BA96761E232FCB1" box="[189,311,839,866]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="65.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC44FFE40BA96761E3FDFCB1" box="[189,248,839,866]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE71027AC44FFE40A506761E2D4FCB1" box="[324,465,839,865]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2019-10-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA3E9CFAC44FFE40A506761E2D4FCB1" box="[324,465,839,865]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2019-10-09">9 Oct. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5331AC44FFE40AC86761E161FCB1" box="[476,612,839,865]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B.A. Huber</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26AC5331AC44FFE4098E6761E098FCB1" box="[666,925,839,865]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A. Valdez-Mondragón</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC44FFE408CB6761E74CFCB1" box="[991,1097,839,865]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
used for SEM;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE22AC44FFE40E156761E657FCB1" box="[1281,1362,839,865]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
Ar 23953
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBAAC44FFE50A0A674CE2C9FE96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161533345" collectingDate="2019-10-09" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="B. A. Huber & A. Valdez-Mondragon" country="Mexico" elevation="65" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" latitude="22.9584" location="Sinaloa" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-105.849" municipality="Sinaloa" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="12" specimenCount-juvenile="5" stateProvince="Sinaloa">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC44FFE40A0A674CE26BFC54" box="[286,366,874,900]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="female">12 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 5 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC44FFE40F5C674CE7CDFC53" box="[1096,1224,873,900]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
used for SEM,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC45FFE50BA9652FE242FEF3" box="[189,327,265,291]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">four female</specimenCount>
|
||
prosomata used for molecular work, two abdomens cleared and transferred to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE22AC45FFE50FEA652FE64AFEF3" box="[1278,1359,265,291]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B82AC9DAC45FFE50E4C652FE672FEF3" box="[1368,1399,265,291]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ar</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
23953;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE22AC45FFE50A00650AE260FE96" box="[276,357,300,326]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
Mex253
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBAAC45FFE50AF5650AE285FEB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161533306" collectingDate="2019-10-09" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="B. A. Huber & A. Valdez-Mondragon" country="Mexico" elevation="65" latitude="22.9584" location="Sinaloa" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-105.849" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Sinaloa">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC45FFE50AF5650AE120FE96" box="[481,549,300,326]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for preceding; partly used for karyotype analyses;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE22AC45FFE50BA96569E20BFEB9" box="[189,270,335,361]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
Ar 23954
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBAAC45FFE50A816568E229FE5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161533314" collectingDate="2019-10-09" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="B. A. Huber & A. Valdez-Mondragon" country="Mexico" elevation="65" latitude="22.9584" location="Sinaloa" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-105.849" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Sinaloa">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC45FFE50A816568E2DDFEB9" box="[405,472,334,361]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC45FFE50AF76568E121FEB9" box="[483,548,334,361]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for preceding; partly used for µ-CT study;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE22AC45FFE50E316569E673FEB9" box="[1317,1398,335,361]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="8E86603CAC45FFE50BA96557E3D9FE5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F1AC46FFE0094C664CE0D0F911:8E86603CAC45FFE50BA96557E3D9FE5B" box="[189,220,369,395]" country="Mexico" name="Ar" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Sinaloa">Ar</location>
|
||
23955
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B313CBAAC45FFE50A506557E609FE5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161533355" box="[324,1292,369,395]" collectingDate="2019-10-09" collectionCode="LATLAX" collectorName="B. A. Huber & A. Valdez-Mondragon" country="Mexico" elevation="65" latitude="22.9584" location="Sinaloa" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-105.849" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-juvenile="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sinaloa">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC45FFE50A506557E274FE5B" box="[324,369,369,395]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC45FFE50A6A6557E2BAFE5B" box="[382,447,369,395]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC45FFE50AD96557E10BFE5B" box="[461,526,369,395]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">1 juv.</specimenCount>
|
||
(subadult male); same collection data as for preceding;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE22AC45FFE50F836557E609FE5B" box="[1175,1292,369,395]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">LATLAX</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF26666FAC44FFE40BA963AEE0F4F838" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8155599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155599/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[189,1398,949,1883]" targetPageId="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC44FFE40BA963AEE0F4F838" blockId="50.[187,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40BA963AEE21DF872" bold="true" box="[189,280,1928,1954]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 39.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC44FFE40A0A63AEE19FF872" authority="(Gertsch, 1982)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[286,666,1928,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40A0A63AEE2D8F872" box="[286,477,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Tolteca hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC44FFE40AFC63AEE194F872" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[488,657,1928,1954]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Mex253), epigyna.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE40A3C638DE265F815" bold="true" box="[296,352,1963,1989]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A, C</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC44FFE4090E638DE154F815" bold="true" box="[538,593,1963,1989]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B, D</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral views. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC45FFE00BA96594E2E5FAF6" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC45FFE50BA96594E074FE1C" blockId="51.[189,881,434,460]" box="[189,881,434,460]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC45FFE50BA96594E24BFE1C" bold="true" box="[189,334,434,460]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(amendments; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC45FFE509246594E1D5FE1C" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[560,720,434,460]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC45FFE509C86594E06CFE1C" author="Huber B. A." box="[732,873,434,460]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC45FFE50BFE65C6E109FE2B" blockId="51.[188,1399,480,653]" box="[234,524,480,507]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC45FFE50BFE65C6E22FFE2A" bold="true" box="[234,298,480,506]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(ZFMK Ar 23953)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC45FFE50BA96623E184FD5C" blockId="51.[188,1399,480,653]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC45FFE50BA96623E26BFDCD" baselines="536,536" box="[189,366,517,543]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Total body length 1.40, carapace width 0.52. Distance PME-PME 40 µm; diameter PME 40 µm; distance PME-ALE 15 µm; distance AME-AME 10 µm; diameter AME 30 µm. Leg 1: 2.32 (0.65 + 0.17 + 0.57 + 0.60 + 0.33), tibia 2: 0.47, tibia 3: 0.43, tibia 4: 0.73; tibia 1 L/d: 7; diameters of leg femora 0.135, of leg tibiae 0.08.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC45FFE50BA96693E27EFD23" blockId="51.[189,1398,693,755]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC45FFE50BA96693E21DFD1D" baselines="712,712" box="[189,280,693,719]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Colour" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">COLOUR</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(in ethanol). Prosoma and legs monochromous ochre-yellow; abdomen ochre-grey, also monochromous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF26666FAC45FFE50BA963AEE0E9F839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8155603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155603/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[207,1381,803,1887]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC45FFE50BA963AEE0E9F839" blockId="51.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC45FFE50BA963AEE227F872" bold="true" box="[189,290,1928,1954]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 40.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC45FFE50A2463AEE1CFF872" authority="(Gertsch, 1982)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[304,714,1928,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC45FFE50A2463AEE2FCF872" box="[304,505,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Tolteca hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC45FFE5091B63AEE1C4F872" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[527,705,1928,1954]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953), cleared female genitalia,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC45FFE50962638DE1AAF815" bold="true" box="[630,687,1963,1989]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A, D</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC45FFE50867638DE0ACF815" bold="true" box="[883,937,1963,1989]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B, E</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC45FFE50F7C638DE798F815" bold="true" box="[1128,1181,1963,1989]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C, F</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.1 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF26666FAC42FFE20BA96338E09EF839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8155607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155607/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[189,232,1822,1848]" targetBox="[194,1393,265,1781]" targetPageId="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC42FFE20BA96338E09EF839" blockId="52.[188,1399,1822,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE20BA96338E219F8E8" bold="true" box="[189,284,1822,1848]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 41.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC42FFE20A306338E1A8F8E8" authority="(Gertsch, 1982)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[292,685,1822,1848]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE20A306338E2EDF8E8" box="[292,488,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Tolteca hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC42FFE20AEC6338E1A1F8E8" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[504,676,1822,1848]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE209296367E157F88B" bold="true" box="[573,594,1857,1883]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Male chelicerae, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE208D76364E0D3F88C" bold="true" box="[963,982,1858,1884]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Male right chelicera, frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE20BAA6342E3D6F8AE" bold="true" box="[190,211,1892,1918]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Left male palp, distal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE2090A6343E136F8AF" bold="true" box="[542,563,1893,1919]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Right genital bulb (and procursus), dorso-distal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE20FBB6343E7C6F8AF" bold="true" box="[1199,1219,1893,1919]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of male palpal tarsus showing position of tarsal organ (arrow).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE2084763AEE066F872" bold="true" box="[851,867,1928,1954]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Male palpal tarsal organ.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE20FBD63AEE7BBF872" bold="true" box="[1193,1214,1928,1954]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Female palpal tarsal organ.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC42FFE20A42638DE269F815" bold="true" box="[342,364,1963,1989]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Male ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; fe = femur; p = procursus. Scale bars: A, C–D = 20 µm; B, E–F = 10 µm; G = 1 µm; H = 2 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF26666FAC43FFE30BA9629AE747F856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155609" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8155609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155609/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[189,232,1724,1750]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1657]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC43FFE30BA9629AE747F856" blockId="53.[189,1399,1724,1926]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE30BA9629AE219F906" bold="true" box="[189,284,1724,1750]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 42.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC43FFE30A30629AE1A8F906" authority="(Gertsch, 1982)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[292,685,1724,1750]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE30A30629AE2EDF906" box="[292,488,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Tolteca hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC43FFE30AEC629AE1A1F906" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[504,676,1724,1750]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE3095D62F9E15BF929" bold="true" box="[585,606,1759,1785]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Male tibia 1, prolateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE308CA62F9E0F7F929" bold="true" box="[990,1010,1759,1785]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Male tibia 1, retrolateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE30BA96324E3D7F8CC" bold="true" box="[189,210,1794,1820]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hair on male tibia 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE3089A6324E0A6F8CC" bold="true" box="[910,931,1794,1820]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D</emphasis>
|
||
. ‘Regular’ short vertical hair on male metatarsus 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE30A736300E27EF890" bold="true" box="[359,379,1830,1856]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Tip of ‘regular’ short vertical hair, detail of preceding image.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE30F976300E790F890" bold="true" box="[1155,1173,1830,1856]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Male metatarsustarsus 1 joint, retrolateral-dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE30993636EE198F8B2" bold="true" box="[647,669,1864,1890]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal organ on female tarsus 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC43FFE30F3A636FE741F8B3" bold="true" box="[1070,1092,1865,1891]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Tip of left male tarsus 2, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–B, F, H = 10 µm; C–D, G = 2 µm; E = 1 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA9652FE2A5FE40" blockId="54.[188,1398,265,400]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC40FFE00BA9652FE3FBFEF1" baselines="284,284" box="[189,254,265,291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Body" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">BODY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00A19652FE27CFEF3" box="[269,377,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[188,229,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,658,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-99@47.[189,1398,658,1774]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 36. Tolteca Huber, 2000 live specimens. A–B. T. hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario. C–D. T. jalisco (Gertsch, 1982), females with egg-sacs from Mexico, Jalisco, N of La Quemada. E–F. T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Colima, E of Manzanillo. G–H. T. sinnombre Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Colima, S of Coquimatlán. I–J. T. huahua Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Michoacán, W of Huahua. K–L. T. oaxaca Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Oaxaca, NW of Tehuantepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155586/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 36A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocular area barely raised. Carapace without thoracic groove. Clypeus unmodified, only rim slightly more sclerotized, short (clypeus rim to ALE: 160 µm). Sternum wider than long (0.40/0.37), with pair of small but distinct anterior processes (~60 µm diameter at basis, ~60 µm long) near coxae 1. Abdomen globular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA9659FE080FE28" blockId="54.[189,1398,441,504]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC40FFE00BA9659FE241FE02" baselines="460,461" box="[189,324,441,467]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Chelicerae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">CHELICERAE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00A48659FE2F3FE04" box="[348,502,441,468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[227,1338,753,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-172@49.[191,1397,753,1886]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 38. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155592/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 38A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE0091C659FE167FE03" box="[520,610,441,468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,265,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-12@52.[194,1393,265,1781]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 41. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253). A. Male chelicerae, lateral view. B. Male right chelicera, frontal view. C. Left male palp, distal view. D. Right genital bulb (and procursus), dorso-distal view. E. Detail of male palpal tarsus showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). F. Male palpal tarsal organ. G. Female palpal tarsal organ. H. Male ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; fe = femur; p = procursus. Scale bars: A, C–D = 20 µm; B, E–F = 10 µm; G = 1 µm; H = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155607/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">41A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). With pair of frontal apophyses pointing downwards, distance between tips of apophyses: 60 µm; without stridulatory files.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA96607E077FD1D" blockId="54.[188,1399,545,717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC40FFE00BA96607E205FDE9" baselines="564,564" box="[189,256,545,571]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Palps" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">PALPS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00A0C6607E270FDEB" box="[280,373,545,571]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1189,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-249@48.[189,1398,1187,1882]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 37. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; co = coxa; fe = femur; p = procursus; pa = patella; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; tr = trochanter. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155588/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Coxa unmodified; trochanter without process; femur proximally without process, distally widened but simple, slightly curved towards dorsal; femur-patella joints minimally shifted toward prolateral side; tibia very short, with two trichobothria; tibia-tarsus joints not shifted to one side; procursus very simple (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00AC666A8E147FD78" box="[466,578,654,680]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[227,1338,753,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-172@49.[191,1397,753,1886]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 38. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155592/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 38C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE0095B66A8E186FD78" box="[591,643,654,680]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,265,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-12@52.[194,1393,265,1781]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 41. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253). A. Male chelicerae, lateral view. B. Male right chelicera, frontal view. C. Left male palp, distal view. D. Right genital bulb (and procursus), dorso-distal view. E. Detail of male palpal tarsus showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). F. Male palpal tarsal organ. G. Female palpal tarsal organ. H. Male ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; fe = femur; p = procursus. Scale bars: A, C–D = 20 µm; B, E–F = 10 µm; G = 1 µm; H = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155607/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">41C</figureCitation>
|
||
), with distal ventral process; genital bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00F6866A8E60EFD78" box="[1148,1291,654,680]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[227,1338,753,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-172@49.[191,1397,753,1886]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 38. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155592/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 38D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00E0366A8E66BFD78" box="[1303,1390,654,680]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,265,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-12@52.[194,1393,265,1781]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 41. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253). A. Male chelicerae, lateral view. B. Male right chelicera, frontal view. C. Left male palp, distal view. D. Right genital bulb (and procursus), dorso-distal view. E. Detail of male palpal tarsus showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). F. Male palpal tarsal organ. G. Female palpal tarsal organ. H. Male ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; fe = femur; p = procursus. Scale bars: A, C–D = 20 µm; B, E–F = 10 µm; G = 1 µm; H = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155607/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">41C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) large, complex, possibly indistinguishable from congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA966D0E623FC89" blockId="54.[189,1399,757,857]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC40FFE00BA966D0E3F3FCDE" baselines="777,777" box="[189,246,758,784]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Legs" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">LEGS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Without spines and curved hairs; with slightly increased density of short vertical hairs on tibia 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00BD2673CE25CFCE4" box="[198,345,794,820]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[189,232,1724,1750]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-12@53.[189,1398,265,1657]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 42. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female from Mexico, Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar23953 and Mex253). A. Male tibia 1, prolateral view. B. Male tibia 1, retrolateral view. C. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hair on male tibia 1. D. ‘Regular’ short vertical hair on male metatarsus 1. E. Tip of ‘regular’ short vertical hair, detail of preceding image. F. Male metatarsustarsus 1 joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. G. Tarsal organ on female tarsus 1. H. Tip of left male tarsus 2, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–B, F, H = 10 µm; C–D, G = 2 µm; E = 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155609/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 42A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
; barely visible in dissecting microscope); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 64%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with five pseudosegments, all fairly distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BFE67A6E2B1FC4A" blockId="54.[189,910,896,959]" box="[234,436,896,922]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC40FFE00BFE67A6E265FC4A" bold="true" box="[234,352,896,922]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
(male)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA96782E08BFC6E" blockId="54.[189,910,896,959]" box="[189,910,932,959]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Tibia
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC40FFE00A156783E22BFC6E" box="[257,302,932,959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
three other newly collected males: 0.55, 0.57, 0.60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BFE67C1E240FBD1" blockId="54.[188,1401,999,1318]" box="[234,325,999,1025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC40FFE00BFE67C1E240FBD1" bold="true" box="[234,325,999,1025]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA9602AE2E5FAF6" blockId="54.[188,1401,999,1318]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
In general, similar to male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE0091F602AE170FBF6" box="[523,629,1036,1062]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[188,229,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,658,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-99@47.[189,1398,658,1774]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 36. Tolteca Huber, 2000 live specimens. A–B. T. hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario. C–D. T. jalisco (Gertsch, 1982), females with egg-sacs from Mexico, Jalisco, N of La Quemada. E–F. T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Colima, E of Manzanillo. G–H. T. sinnombre Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Colima, S of Coquimatlán. I–J. T. huahua Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Michoacán, W of Huahua. K–L. T. oaxaca Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Oaxaca, NW of Tehuantepec." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155586/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 36B</figureCitation>
|
||
) but sternum without pair of anterior humps and tibia 1 without increased density of short vertical hairs. Total body length: ~1.20–1.40; tibia
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC40FFE00F486017E78EFB9A" box="[1116,1163,1072,1099]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
12 newly collected females: 0.47–0.62 (mean 0.52). Epigynum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE009F66073E039FBBF" box="[738,828,1109,1135]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,949,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-225@50.[189,1398,949,1884]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 39. Tolteca hesperia(Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Mex253), epigyna. A, C. Ventral views. B, D. Lateral views. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155599/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
) very short band-shaped anterior plate slightly protruding in lateral view; posterior plate wide, median part slightly protruding anteriorly. With distinct knob between epigynum and pedicel (accidentally missing in specimens shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00F9360B8E7DBFB68" box="[1159,1246,1182,1208]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,949,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-225@50.[189,1398,949,1884]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 39. Tolteca hesperia(Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Mex253), epigyna. A, C. Ventral views. B, D. Lateral views. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (all at same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155599/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 39</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00E0360B8E631FB68" box="[1303,1332,1182,1208]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,803,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-175@51.[207,1381,803,1887]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 40. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953), cleared female genitalia, A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.1 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155603/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">40</figureCitation>
|
||
– the knob sometimes stays attached to the prosoma when the abdomen is detached from it). Internal genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00BD160C1E219FAD1" box="[197,284,1255,1281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,803,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-175@51.[207,1381,803,1887]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 40. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953), cleared female genitalia, A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.1 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155603/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
) with pair of strong transversal sclerites, pair of distinct sacs (receptacles?), without (or with very small?) pore plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC40FFE00BA96168E157F9D6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA96168E253FAB8" blockId="54.[189,342,1358,1384]" box="[189,342,1358,1384]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="D0AE818BAC40FFE00BA96168E253FAB8" bold="true" box="[189,342,1358,1384]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC40FFE00BA96168E253FAB8" bold="true" box="[189,342,1358,1384]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA96158E157F9D6" blockId="54.[189,1401,1406,1542]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Apparently widely distributed in southern and central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC40FFE008536158E0A7FA48" box="[839,930,1406,1432]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7677AC40FFE008A46158E70FFA48" box="[944,1034,1406,1432]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00F0F6158E770FA49" box="[1051,1141,1406,1433]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[189,232,1998,2024]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1361,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-405@46.[189,1397,1361,1951]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 35. Known distribution of Tolteca Huber, 2000." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155584/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). All specimens from outside of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC40FFE00A556185E29CFA6D" box="[321,409,1443,1469]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
listed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC40FFE009196185E1C4FA6D" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[525,705,1443,1469]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC40FFE008146185E0A4FA6D" author="Huber B. A." box="[768,929,1443,1469]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are here either considered to represent different (new) species (specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC40FFE009D761E1E01CFA31" box="[707,793,1479,1505]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC40FFE0087561E1E0BEFA31" box="[865,955,1479,1505]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
) or dubious (specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499DF805AC40FFE00E5561E1E261F9D6" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
– not re-examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC40FFE00BA96209E0D0F911" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA96209E27BF998" blockId="54.[189,382,1582,1609]" box="[189,382,1582,1609]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="D0AE818BAC40FFE00BA96209E27BF998" bold="true" box="[189,382,1582,1609]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC40FFE00BA96209E27BF998" bold="true" box="[189,382,1582,1609]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC40FFE00BA96278E0D0F911" blockId="54.[189,1398,1630,1730]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The newly collected spiders were found in the thin leaf litter layer and under stones in a low and quite dry roadside forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC40FFE00AE162A5E163F94E" box="[501,614,1667,1694]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="73.[189,232,1122,1148]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,270,1083]" captionTargetId="figure-247@73.[189,1398,270,1083]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Fig. 56. Representative sample of habitats of Tolteca Huber, 2000 in Mexico. A. Sinaloa, 3 km S of Rosario (T. hesperia (Gertsch, 1982)). B. Colima, 17 km E of Manzanillo (type locality of T. manzanillo Huber sp. nov.; showing collection method). C–D. Oaxaca, 3 km N of San Pedro Totolapa (type locality of P. oaxaca Huber sp. nov.; overview and spot with high abundance of specimens)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155650/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 56A</figureCitation>
|
||
). They shared the locality with up to four unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC40FFE00BA96281E23BF911" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[189,318,1703,1729]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC40FFE00BA96281E23BF911" box="[189,318,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Modisimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one of them apparently in much the same microhabitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |