170 lines
20 KiB
XML
170 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="5B6C8C4026C4965318B968E89E96277B" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12198" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5331070" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630168894502" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Przybyłowicz, Łukasz & Tarcz, Sebastian" docDate="2015" docId="03F08794FF9CFF82FEB9F99D6E4B2DB1" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12198.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12198" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pseudothyretes Dufrane 1945" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFC9FFECFF82FF9CFF9CFFA36A072812" masterDocTitle="Strong sexual dimorphism unraveled by DNA analysis - towards a better understanding of Pseudothyretes classification (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1699171990992" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B4C9CD360FDF0A0DC0001CFAB8944729">
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<mods:title id="3819357BD880F4CB7423D754C90906DC">Strong sexual dimorphism unraveled by DNA analysis - towards a better understanding of Pseudothyretes classification (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4438D3BCC5E14D8B0F568287B5CFE7A6">Przybyłowicz, Łukasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="99637AE08D27DA96650AEC2CD5373301">Tarcz, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="41C0CBF929274B62E7856F9F8A668453">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F1681D7483EAA271B16F1958C8AB4E46">
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<mods:date id="077B879840642A6BDAF0CF6AA620E1B0">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="92C74464C1E869A8E747993E33E2FF21" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0EC43A6A078E2A8E132579BAEC661F79">2015-01-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DD7051BDAD1628EF98F05FFEB33750F1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AD6DB4F76A24AF86011EEFEDB36599E0">173</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EAB258D837EBE1281D7F72EB9BCEA625">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="CCBEC1CE8F07A461E49736DFAD867768">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12198</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="33FB7EF95DC30CBDE6EAB259775959BB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="099DAD98CE97B4E2BCD49D78CA319150" type="DOI">10.1111/zoj.12198</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4028812CAB67E382F05CD18561EE0159" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0E2FB65E82A73B1EBB38DF426CD6593E" type="Zenodo-Dep">5331070</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F08794FF9CFF82FEB9F99D6E4B2DB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F08794FF9CFF82FEB9F99D6E4B2DB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F08794FF9CFF82FEB9F99D6E4B2DB1" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="C3436509FF9CFF82FEB9F99D688D2E43" box="[293,650,1598,1619]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE63682FF9CFF82FEB9F99D688D2E43" blockId="30.[293,650,1598,1619]" box="[293,650,1598,1619]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="D0AE81EEFF9CFF82FEB9F99D688D2E43" box="[293,650,1598,1619]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" reason="8">
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FEMALES OF
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FE27F99D688D2E43" ID-CoL="93P9C" authorityName="Dufrane" authorityYear="1945" box="[443,650,1598,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FE27F99D688D2E43" box="[443,650,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">PSEUDOTHYRETES</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3436509FF9CFF82FF38F9C76E4B2DB1" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE63682FF9CFF82FF38F9C76EC52B52" blockId="30.[164,779,1636,1903]" lastBlockId="30.[826,1442,198,1443]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
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Our combined molecular and morphological approaches shed new light on the complex taxonomy of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FE89F9026BB32EA4" authorityName="Dufrane" authorityYear="1945" box="[277,436,1697,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FE89F9026BB32EA4" box="[277,436,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Pseudothyretes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The molecular analysis helped to identify females, which are very uniform in terms of their external and genital morphology. Females are common in collections but their determination was until now impossible, and not only because of the extreme sexual dimorphism. We used molecular data to associate males and females and to analyse their similar- ities. The tree obtained allowed us for the first time to match the females and males. The best results were obtained for
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FC51FEA76E78290A" baseAuthorityName="Dufrane" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[973,1151,259,281]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamitugensis">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FC51FEA76E78290A" box="[973,1151,259,281]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P. kamitugensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FB12FEA76F0B290A" authority="Przybyłowicz & Tarcz, 2015" authorityName="Przybyłowicz & Tarcz" authorityYear="2015" box="[1166,1292,259,281]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FB12FEA76F0B290A" box="[1166,1292,259,281]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P. obscurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57EBFF9CFF82FA8FFEA06F6D290A" box="[1299,1386,259,280]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FCA6FE8169C02925" authorityName="Walker, 1856:" authorityYear="1720" box="[826,967,290,311]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FCA6FE8169C02925" box="[826,967,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P. perpusilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, for which we had the highest number of molecular samples.
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FBD8FEE36F642944" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1092,1379,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnea">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FBD8FEE36F642944" box="[1092,1379,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Pseudothyretes carnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FCA6FEFC69922966" authority="Przybyłowicz & Tarcz, 2015" authorityName="Przybyłowicz & Tarcz" authorityYear="2015" box="[826,917,351,372]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FCA6FEFC69922966" box="[826,917,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P. mirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57EBFF9CFF82FC07FEFC69EB2966" box="[923,1004,351,372]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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were represented by a smaller number of samples, but we obtained positive results in matching males and females nevertheless. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FA92FE3E6FA629A3" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" box="[1294,1441,412,434]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FA92FE3E6FA629A3" box="[1294,1441,412,434]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P. erubescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FCF1FE1869D129C2" authorityName="Kiriakoff" authorityYear="1961" box="[877,982,443,464]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FCF1FE1869D129C2" box="[877,982,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P. nigrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the available material was too old, and despite our attempts we did not procure sufficient results. The clusters obtained gave us the opportunity to describe the small, but stable morphological characters separating the females of five species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FAAFFD956F9D2A59" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1331,1434,565,587]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnea">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FAAFFD956F442A59" box="[1331,1347,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FACCFD956F9D2A59" box="[1360,1434,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">carnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FCA6FDF769E92A7A" baseAuthorityName="Dufrane" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[826,1006,595,617]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamitugensis">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FCA6FDF7694D2A7B" box="[826,842,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FCC4FDF069E92A7A" box="[856,1006,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">kamitugensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FC61FDF76E592A7B" authority="Przybyłowicz & Tarcz, 2015" authorityName="Przybyłowicz & Tarcz" authorityYear="2015" box="[1021,1118,596,617]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FC61FDF76E0A2A7B" box="[1021,1037,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FB87FDF76E592A7B" box="[1051,1118,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">mirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57EBFF9CFF82FBF8FDF76EBD2A7B" box="[1124,1210,596,617]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FB5AFDF76F402A7A" authority="Przybyłowicz & Tarcz, 2015" authorityName="Przybyłowicz & Tarcz" authorityYear="2015" box="[1222,1351,595,617]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FB5AFDF76ED12A7B" box="[1222,1238,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FB78FDF06F402A7A" box="[1252,1351,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">obscurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57EBFF9CFF82FAD2FDF76FA52A7B" box="[1358,1442,596,617]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FCF0FDD069FC2A95" authorityName="Walker, 1856:" authorityYear="1720" box="[876,1019,626,648]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FCF0FDD0697B2A9A" box="[876,892,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FC16FDD169FC2A95" box="[906,1019,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">perpusilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). A pair of
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FBE5FDD06F022A95" authorityName="Walker, 1856:" authorityYear="1720" box="[1145,1285,626,648]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FBE5FDD06F022A95" box="[1145,1285,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P. perpusilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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observed and conserved in copula confirmed the designation of its female sex. We discovered the precise characters of the individual wing patterns and genitalia now allowing the determination of females; however, we did not prepare a determination key for the females, as they are not yet known for all species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE63682FF9CFF82FCCFFCEB6E4B2DB1" blockId="30.[826,1442,198,1443]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
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Crucial to our study was the collection of fresh material sufficient for molecular study. Two species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FCDEFC2669B32B88" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" box="[834,948,901,922]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FCDEFC2669B32B88" box="[834,948,901,922]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">erubescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FC76FC256E342B89" authorityName="Kiriakoff" authorityYear="1961" box="[1002,1075,902,923]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FC76FC256E342B89" box="[1002,1075,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">nigrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are still known only from males, despite the fact that several dissected
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FB64FC076FA62BAB" authorityName="Dufrane" authorityYear="1945" box="[1272,1441,932,953]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FB64FC076FA62BAB" box="[1272,1441,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Pseudothyretes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females differ clearly in their genitalic morphology from the females attributed to named males. The confirmation of their specific affinity can only be made with the help of molecular data; however, this requires the sampling of suitable additional fresh material. Unfortunately, the morphological homogeneity of females makes their determination in the field very imprecise, and so all collected females should preferably be preserved in a mode sufficient for molecular studies, or at least one or several legs. Of special interest are specimens from East Africa (
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<collectingCountry id="F34E7612FF9CFF82FBE1FB576EDA2D18" box="[1149,1245,1268,1290]" name="Burundi" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E7612FF9CFF82FB75FB566F332D18" box="[1257,1332,1269,1290]" name="Kenya" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E7612FF9CFF82FAA3FB576F9A2D18" box="[1343,1437,1268,1290]" name="Rwanda" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F34E7612FF9CFF82FCF7FAB069C32D3B" box="[875,964,1299,1321]" name="Uganda" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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), among which the yet undescribed females of
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FCCAFA9169BC2D55" authorityName="Kiriakoff" authorityYear="1961" box="[854,955,1330,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FCCAFA9169BC2D55" box="[854,955,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P. nigrita</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FC68FA916E842D55" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" box="[1012,1155,1330,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FC68FA916E842D55" box="[1012,1155,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">P. erubescens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
might be discovered. The future molecular analysis of such material will ultimately explain the morphological diversity of all
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D01FF9CFF82FCA6FA2E69E42DB0" authorityName="Dufrane" authorityYear="1945" box="[826,995,1421,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Pseudothyretes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEA90FF9CFF82FCA6FA2E69E42DB0" box="[826,995,1421,1442]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Pseudothyretes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
females.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
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</document> |