166 lines
21 KiB
XML
166 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="E2FB54C0E502F1FC9CABD4585AAD3C22" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddffc7b3-2654-49ec-b046-f32bc78af2d6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249019" ID-ZooBank="136660B8-7DCC-490E-AB79-46546CC18E40" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460652068901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Göcke, Christian & Janussen, Dorte" docDate="2013" docId="03EF87D0CD08883F80BEFCA2FD33FD7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03692p101.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa Hentschel 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="FFD6FFA8CD3388028029FF93FFE4FFE9" masterDocTitle="Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1698343927236" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EC2A1BD9B49926B5FA2FBC214C83FC1D">Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D183DC87CAD94BDC0220D55D8F880F68">Göcke, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8DEEFF9320F263031C5426D6F532D518">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="389E1BB3BAD38F5CE8892CCB1DAD5B50">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B7F21222E6542BE894B5A84F63658F14">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C480E39800D6ABF903D9EC5566916E4A">
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<mods:date id="42F2D76BA706B8D4212C2D9E5437BC35">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="90D04A2F25238239198DA3396207780D">3692</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0634043D82780A625BB9606E36C6EA29" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C525DEFFC3406856261BB7A30ACA11EA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EF87D0CD08883F80BEFCA2FD33FD7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6145360" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119573211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6145360" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87D0CD08883F80BEFCA2FD33FD7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87D0CD08883F80BEFCA2FD33FD7C" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD08883980BEFCA2FCD3FBE1" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980BEFCA2FD23FCA3" blockId="59.[151,711,816,876]" box="[151,711,816,843]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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<heading id="D0B181AACD08883980BEFCA2FD23FCA3" bold="true" box="[151,711,816,843]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD08883980BEFCA2FD23FCA3" ID-CoL="6KXGW" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,711,816,843]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotoxa" subGenus="Gellius">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD08883980BEFCA2FD23FCA3" bold="true" box="[151,711,816,843]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD08883980BEFCA2FE0CFCA2" bold="true" box="[151,488,817,843]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa</emphasis>
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(Hentschel, 1914)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980BEFCC7FEBFFC85" blockId="59.[151,711,816,876]" box="[151,347,852,876]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD08883980B6FCC7FF16FC85" box="[159,242,852,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,183,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[155,1419,183,1972]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 22. Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa (Hentschel, 1914), SMF 11778. A, habit in ethanol. B – C, skeletal sections. D, oxea, E – F, sigmas, G – H, tylotoxas (LM). Scale bars: A: 20 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 2 mm, D: 100 µm, E – H: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249041/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD08883980D4FCC7FEB5FC85" box="[253,337,852,876]" captionStart="TABLE 18" captionStartId="61.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 18. Spicule sizes of Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa (Hentschel, 1914). Values in µm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Hentschel (1914) and Koltun (1964) are given." pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Tab. 18</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980BEFC04FCB7FC45" blockId="59.[151,851,918,941]" box="[151,851,918,941]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD08883980BEFC04FDF9FC44" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,541,918,941]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotoxus">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD08883980BEFC04FEB9FC44" box="[151,349,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Haliclona tylotoxus</emphasis>
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(Hentschel, 1914)
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</taxonomicName>
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: Koltun 1964: 102, 1976: 195.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980BEFC47FEE8FC00" blockId="59.[151,823,980,1032]" box="[151,268,980,1001]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Synonymy:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980BEFC61FCD3FBE1" blockId="59.[151,823,980,1032]" box="[151,823,1010,1032]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD08883980BEFC61FDC6FBE1" authority="Hentschel, 1914: 131" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,546,1010,1032]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Gellius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotoxus">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD08883980BEFC61FEA5FBE1" box="[151,321,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Gellius tylotoxus</emphasis>
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Hentschel, 1914: 131
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 4, fig. 14, pl. 8, fig. 13.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD08883980BEFBA6FAC1FBA4" box="[151,1317,1077,1102]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980BEFBA6FAC1FBA4" blockId="59.[151,1436,1077,2038]" box="[151,1317,1077,1102]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD08883980BEFBA6FEE2FBA7" bold="true" box="[151,262,1077,1102]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Material.</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D40FD4FCD0888398125FBA6FE68FBA4" box="[268,396,1077,1101]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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from station 048-1 (SMF 11778),
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<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD0888398327FBA6FC88FBA4" box="[782,876,1077,1101]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.021" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="602.1">602.1 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD0888398351FBA6FBE6FBA4" box="[888,1026,1077,1101]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" precision="9" value="-70.399">70° 23.94' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD0888398426FBA6FB71FBA4" box="[1039,1173,1077,1101]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" precision="9" value="-8.319">8° 19.14' W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFF81006CD0888398489FBA6FAC5FBA4" box="[1184,1313,1077,1101]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" value="2008-12-01">12.01.2008</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD08883980EEFBCAFC8EF964" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980EEFBCAFF3FFACC" blockId="59.[151,1436,1077,2038]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD08883980EEFBCAFEBDFB9B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1113,1138]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Description.</emphasis>
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Specimen (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD08883981F5FBCAFDCFFB98" box="[476,555,1113,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,183,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[155,1419,183,1972]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 22. Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa (Hentschel, 1914), SMF 11778. A, habit in ethanol. B – C, skeletal sections. D, oxea, E – F, sigmas, G – H, tylotoxas (LM). Scale bars: A: 20 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 2 mm, D: 100 µm, E – H: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249041/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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A) massive, rounded, about
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<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD0888398342FBCAFC45FB98" box="[875,929,1113,1137]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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in diameter, probably growing on bryozoans, some of these incorporated into tissue. One osculum at the top, opening into a deep inner cavity, penetrating the sponge almost to its base, with a more or less constant width. Surface porous with regularly arranged pores, covered by an epidermis spiked by long diactins, giving it a hexactinellid-like appearance. These diactins of hexactinellid origin and foreign to the sponge. Sponge quite firm, slightly compressible. Color in ethanol lightly beige.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980EEFAA2FCE6FA5C" blockId="59.[151,1436,1077,2038]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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Skeleton: Skeleton irregular, poorly organized (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD088839832FFAA2FC84FAA0" box="[774,864,1329,1353]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,183,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[155,1419,183,1972]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 22. Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa (Hentschel, 1914), SMF 11778. A, habit in ethanol. B – C, skeletal sections. D, oxea, E – F, sigmas, G – H, tylotoxas (LM). Scale bars: A: 20 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 2 mm, D: 100 µm, E – H: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249041/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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B–C). Only in parts, oxeas form rudimentary anisodictyal or anisotropic reticulations. Spicule density high. Microscleres usually occuring independently of megascleres in tissue-rich regions. Around pores, skeleton might become somewhat alveolate. Detachable epidermis irregular, containing oxeas and microscleres.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980EEFA52FC8EF964" blockId="59.[151,1436,1077,2038]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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Spiculation (
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<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD0888398176FA52FE24FA30" box="[351,448,1473,1497]" captionStart="TABLE 18" captionStartId="61.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 18. Spicule sizes of Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa (Hentschel, 1914). Values in µm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Hentschel (1914) and Koltun (1964) are given." pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Tab. 18</tableCitation>
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): Main spicules very slightly bent oxeas (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD08883983FDFA52FBCAFA30" box="[980,1070,1473,1497]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,183,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[155,1419,183,1972]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 22. Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa (Hentschel, 1914), SMF 11778. A, habit in ethanol. B – C, skeletal sections. D, oxea, E – F, sigmas, G – H, tylotoxas (LM). Scale bars: A: 20 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 2 mm, D: 100 µm, E – H: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249041/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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D), 610–770 x 12.5–25 µm. Characteristic microscleres tylotoxas (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD088839826BFA76FD76FA14" box="[578,658,1509,1533]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,183,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[155,1419,183,1972]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 22. Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa (Hentschel, 1914), SMF 11778. A, habit in ethanol. B – C, skeletal sections. D, oxea, E – F, sigmas, G – H, tylotoxas (LM). Scale bars: A: 20 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 2 mm, D: 100 µm, E – H: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249041/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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G–H), 175–258 µm in length and 6.25–10 µm in maximal width (tyle diameter). Tyle centrally arranged, toxas usually angularly bent in the middle. Tylotoxas not very abundant, but occuring regularly and most characteristic for the species. Most abundant microscleres sigmas (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD0888398497F9BEFAEAF9AC" box="[1214,1294,1581,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,183,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[155,1419,183,1972]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 22. Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa (Hentschel, 1914), SMF 11778. A, habit in ethanol. B – C, skeletal sections. D, oxea, E – F, sigmas, G – H, tylotoxas (LM). Scale bars: A: 20 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 2 mm, D: 100 µm, E – H: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249041/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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E–F). These with wide size range, 50–290 µm by 25–120 µm. At first glance two different size classes of sigmas present, spicule measurements show occurrence of all intermediate sizes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD08883F80EEF909FD33FD7C" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD08883980EEF909FDA1F81C" blockId="59.[151,1436,1077,2038]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD08883980EEF909FEDFF95B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1690,1714]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD0888398155F90AFE3AF958" box="[380,478,1689,1713]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
described by Hentschel (1914) was cylindrical, upright tube-shaped and therefore somewhat different from our new, more compactly rounded specimen. The new specimen might therefore be a juvenile one, which just started by growing sidewards and would eventually have been growing vertically. Differences in growth forms may also be induced by other parameters, such as current or different
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<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD0888398514F895FA9CF8F7" box="[1341,1400,1798,1822]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">types</typeStatus>
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of substrates available. The
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<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD08883981E4F8BAFDCBF8A8" box="[461,559,1833,1857]" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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as well as the new specimen show no attachment structure, but have incorporated several bryozoans; both sponges probably grew on bryozoans. Spicule sizes presented by Hentschel (1914) and Koltun (1964) are similar to those of our new specimen; the great variability in size of sigmas is present in earlier records as well. Still, our new specimen shows larger maximum values than sponges reported before. This is in accordance with our observation of the occurrence of unusually large spicules in some other species from station 048-1, e. g.
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD0888398147F84DFDDBF81C" box="[366,575,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="87">
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H. (G.)
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD08883981EBF84EFDDBF81C" box="[450,575,2013,2037]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagellifera">flagellifera</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF39664ECD0F883E80BEF82DFB51F81A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249041/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="88" targetBox="[155,1419,183,1970]" targetPageId="60">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD0F883E80BEF82DFB51F81A" blockId="60.[151,1436,1982,2035]" pageId="60" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD0F883E80BEF82DFEC4F83A" bold="true" box="[151,288,1982,2005]" pageId="60" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD0F883E810FF82DFCE5F83C" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[294,769,1982,2005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="60" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotoxa" subGenus="Gellius">
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||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD0F883E810FF82DFDA7F83D" box="[294,579,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="88">Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa</emphasis>
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(Hentschel, 1914)
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SMF 11778. A, habit in ethanol. B–C, skeletal sections. D, oxea, E–F, sigmas, G–H, tylotoxas (LM). Scale bars: A: 20 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 2 mm, D: 100 µm, E–H: 30 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF39664ECD0E883F80BEFF04FEAAFF06" pageId="61" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD0E883F80BEFF04FEAAFF06" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,239]" pageId="61" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD0E883F80BEFF04FEFFFF46" bold="true" box="[151,283,151,175]" pageId="61" pageNumber="89">TABLE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule sizes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD0E883F81C3FF0BFC13FF46" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[490,1015,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="61" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotoxa" subGenus="Gellius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD0E883F81C3FF0BFCC6FF46" box="[490,802,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="89">Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa</emphasis>
|
||
(Hentschel, 1914)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Values in µm are given as follows: minimum–mean–maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Hentschel (1914) and Koltun (1964) are given.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD0E883F80B6FE98FF30FEA0" blockId="61.[159,1335,266,661]" pageId="61" pageNumber="89">parameter SMF 11778 Hentschel (1914) Koltun (1964) Oxea</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD0E883F809FFECEFF04FE2F" blockId="61.[159,1335,266,661]" pageId="61" pageNumber="89">length 610–703.9–770 (33) 632–732 632–760 diameter 12.5–22–25 (33) 20–25 Sigma</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD0E883F809FFE4AFD3AFDF1" blockId="61.[159,1335,266,661]" pageId="61" pageNumber="89">length 50–146–290 (35) 16–200 16–200 max. width 25–61.9–120 (35)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD0E883F80B6FDB8FF1DFDA8" blockId="61.[159,1335,266,661]" box="[159,249,555,577]" pageId="61" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD0E883F80B6FDB8FF1DFDA8" box="[159,249,555,577]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="61" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotoxa">Tylotoxa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD0E883F809FFDC6FD33FD7C" blockId="61.[159,1335,266,661]" pageId="61" pageNumber="89">length 175–220.9–257.5 (30) 136–224 136–224 diameter/ tyle 6.25–7.5–10 (30)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |