696 lines
87 KiB
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696 lines
87 KiB
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<mods:title id="49F0EDBBED261AB1908E3047E6AC8266">Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3AB801F9A2462488AA65827D5BBFB4A8">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7287E6567E6133377A4F9D6D64594FC3">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03E987BFFFB6CE0F4E9D544CA805A943" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6959009" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198576525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6959009" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFFB6CE0F4E9D544CA805A943" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987BFFFB6CE0F4E9D544CA805A943" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFB6CE034E9D544CAF2CAB26" box="[151,842,1050,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB6CE034E9D544CAF2CAB26" blockId="7.[151,842,1050,1112]" box="[151,842,1050,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0B781C5FFB6CE034E9D544CAF2CAB26" bold="true" box="[151,842,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034E9D544CAF2CAB26" bold="true" box="[151,842,1050,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034E9D544CAE07AB26" authority="(Bassett, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,609,1050,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034E9D544CADC4AB27" bold="true" box="[151,418,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis quercushirta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034FB9544CAE3EAB26" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[435,600,1050,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="679 - 691" refId="ref37328" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1864) Descriptions of several new species of Cynips, and a new species of Diastrophus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3, 679 - 691." type="journal article" year="1864">Bassett, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, sexual generation
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFB6CE034E9D5469AE90AA41" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB6CE034E9D5469AD56AB4A" blockId="7.[151,842,1050,1112]" box="[151,304,1086,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034E9D5469AD56AB4A" bold="true" box="[151,304,1086,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFB6CE034E9D5469AD6EAB4A" box="[151,264,1086,1112]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1752,1776]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1423,355,1710]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1413,287,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure-104@8.[151,1436,345,1729]" captionTargetId-1="figure-73@10.[151,1436,273,1910]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–6. Acraspis quercushirta (Bassett), sexual female. 1–4, head: 1, frontal view, 2, dorsal view, 3, posterior view, 4, lateral view. 5, antenna. 6, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 7–11. Acraspis quercushirta (Bassett), sexual female. 7–8, mesosoma: 7, lateral view, 8, dorsal view. 9, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 10, forewing, part. 11, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601808" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601810" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601808/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601810/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 1–11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFB6CE034F1E5469AD56AB4A" box="[276,304,1086,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–13" captionStartId="11.[151,264,836,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,813]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,181,813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 12–13. Acraspis quercushirta (Bassett). 12, asexual gall. 13, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601812/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB6CE034E9D54D4AE90AA41" blockId="7.[151,1437,1155,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034E9D54D4AD69AB89" bold="true" box="[151,271,1155,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034F1D54D3AEA4AB89" authority="Bassett (1864: 688)" authorityName="Bassett" authorityPageNumber="688" authorityYear="1864" box="[279,706,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="quercus" subSpecies="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034F1D54D3AD88AB89" box="[279,494,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips quercus hirta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034FFC54D3AEA4AB89" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[502,706,1155,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="679 - 691" refId="ref37328" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1864) Descriptions of several new species of Cynips, and a new species of Diastrophus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3, 679 - 691." type="journal article" year="1864">Bassett (1864: 688)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, females and galls.
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034D9A54D3A806AB89" box="[912,1120,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta" subGenus="Teras">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D9A54D3AFB0AB89" box="[912,982,1156,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034DED54D3A878AB89" box="[999,1054,1156,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Teras</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034A2554D4A806AB89" box="[1071,1120,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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combination by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034B1A54D4AD23ABA8" author="Osten Sacken, C. R. von" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref42748" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. von (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten Sacken (1865: 333)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034F5854F5AD82ABA8" box="[338,484,1186,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Biorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034F5854F5AD82ABA8" box="[338,484,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biorhiza hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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combination by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034C9254F5AF18ABA8" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[664,894,1186,1210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref37060" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12, 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead (1885: 296)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034D8654F5A84EABA8" box="[908,1064,1186,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Biorrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D8654F5A84EABA8" box="[908,1064,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biorrhiza hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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combination and incorrect spelling by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034EE35497ADB3ABCA" author="Dalla Torre" box="[233,469,1216,1241]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38771" refString="Dalla Torre, de C. G. (1893) Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 2. Cynipidae. Lipsiae. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, 459 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10348" type="book" year="1893">Dalla Torre (1893: 60)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034FE85497AE17ABCA" box="[482,625,1216,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034FE85497AE17ABCA" box="[482,625,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Philonix hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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combination by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034D285497AF85ABCA" author="Smith, J. B." box="[802,995,1216,1241]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="548 - 552" refId="ref43780" refString="Smith, J. B. (1900) Family LIX, Cynipidae. In: Insects of New Jersey. MacCrelish and Quigley, Trenton, New Jersey, pp. 548 - 552." type="book chapter" year="1900">Smith (1900: 548)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034DE55497A8E0ABCA" box="[1007,1158,1216,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phylonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034DE55497A8E0ABCA" box="[1007,1158,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phylonyx hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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combination and incorrect spelling by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034F4B5488AE67ABE5" author="Smith, J. B." box="[321,513,1247,1271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="597 - 604" refId="ref43816" refString="Smith, J. B. (1910) Family Cynipidae. In: Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, including a Report of the Insects of New Jersey. MacCrelish and Quigley, Trenton, New Jersey, pp. 597 - 604." type="book chapter" year="1910">Smith (1910: 598)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034C075488AF43ABE5" box="[525,805,1247,1271]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Trichoteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus-hirtum">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034C075488AF43ABE5" box="[525,805,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trichoteras quercus-hirtum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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combination by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034DDF5488A95FABE5" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. von & Kieffer, J. J." box="[981,1337,1247,1271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38873" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. von & Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 24. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, 891 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1077" type="book" year="1910">Dalla Torre & Kieffer (1910: 404)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034B4F5488AD1CAA04" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Biorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta" subGenus="Xystoteras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034B4F5488A9FAABE5" box="[1349,1436,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biorhiza</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034EDA54A9AD1CAA04" box="[208,378,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Xystoteras) hirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034C2954A9AE8CAA04" author="Britton, W. E." box="[547,746,1278,1302]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="319 - 323" refId="ref37981" refString="Britton, W. E. (1920) Family Cynipidae. In: Check-list of the insects of Connecticut: Hymenoptera. Bulletin of the Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey, 31, 319 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48679" type="journal article" year="1920">Britton (1920: 319)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034CF954A9AFE4AA04" box="[755,898,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034CF954A9AFE4AA04" box="[755,898,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis hirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034A2154A9A8BAAA04" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1067,1244,1278,1302]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref44800" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922 a) Notes on Cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61 (2439), 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld (1922a: 10)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034AED54A9AD3DAA26" authority="var. hirta" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="hirta" subGenus="Acraspis" variety="hirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034AED54A9A94BAA07" box="[1255,1325,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034B3154A9A9F2AA07" box="[1339,1428,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034ECD554BAC9EAA26" box="[199,248,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hirta</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034F20554BAD3DAA26" box="[298,347,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034C0D554BAEA8AA26" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[519,718,1308,1333]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930: 426)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034CD3554AAFA0AA26" box="[729,966,1308,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034CD3554AAF79AA26" box="[729,799,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D24554AAFE1AA26" box="[814,903,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D9F554BAFA0AA26" box="[917,966,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034A78554BA95CAA26" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1138,1338,1308,1332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey (1936: 285)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034B4E554AAD2EAA41" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034B4E554AAD2EAA41" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corrected spelling by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034C23556CAE95AA41" author="Burks, B. D." box="[553,755,1339,1363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979: 1079)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFB6CE034E9D550DAFE5A9F3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB6CE034E9D550DA96EAA83" blockId="7.[151,1437,1155,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB501187FFB6CE034E9D550DA96EAA83" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034E9D550DAE46AA60" authority="Bassett, 1890" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,544,1370,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocarpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034E9D550DADE4AA60" box="[151,386,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis macrocarpae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034F84550DAE46AA60" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[398,544,1370,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="59 - 92" refId="ref37481" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1890) New species of North American Cynipidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 17, 59 - 92." type="journal article" year="1890">Bassett, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034C25550DAF71AA60" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[559,791,1370,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocarpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034C25550DAF71AA60" box="[559,791,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Philonix macrocarpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FFB6CE034DD9550DA8FAAA60" author="Smith, J. B." box="[979,1180,1370,1394]" page="548" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1900">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034DD9550DA8FAAA60" author="Smith, J. B." box="[979,1180,1370,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="548 - 552" refId="ref43780" refString="Smith, J. B. (1900) Family LIX, Cynipidae. In: Insects of New Jersey. MacCrelish and Quigley, Trenton, New Jersey, pp. 548 - 552." type="book chapter" year="1900">Smith (1900: 548)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034AA6550DA9FAAA60" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1196,1436,1370,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phylonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocarpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034AA6550DA9FAAA60" box="[1196,1436,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phylonyx macrocarpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FFB6CE034F66552FAE4FAA82" author="Smith, J. B." box="[364,553,1400,1425]" page="598" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034F66552FAE4FAA82" author="Smith, J. B." box="[364,553,1400,1425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="597 - 604" refId="ref43816" refString="Smith, J. B. (1910) Family Cynipidae. In: Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, including a Report of the Insects of New Jersey. MacCrelish and Quigley, Trenton, New Jersey, pp. 597 - 604." type="book chapter" year="1910">Smith (1910: 598)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034C39552EAF6BAA82" authority="Bassett, 1890" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1890" box="[563,781,1401,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034C39552EAF6BAA82" box="[563,781,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
incorrect spelling by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FFB6CE034DE3552FA8FBAA83" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1001,1181,1400,1425]" page="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034DE3552FA8FBAA83" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1001,1181,1400,1425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref44800" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922 a) Notes on Cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61 (2439), 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld (1922a: 13)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034AAD552FA96EAA83" bold="true" box="[1191,1288,1400,1425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB6CE034E9D55C0AFDFAABD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1155,1762]" box="[151,953,1431,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB501187FFB6CE034E9D55C0AFDFAABD" box="[151,953,1431,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034E9D55C0AD83AABD" authority="Gillette, 1893" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,485,1431,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034E9D55C0AD36AABD" box="[151,336,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis undulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034F5D55C0AD83AABD" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[343,485,1431,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="28 - 29" refId="ref39707" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1893) Colorado Cynipidae. Entomological News, 4, 28 - 29." type="journal article" year="1893">Gillette, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FFB6CE034CAA55C0AFD3AABD" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[672,949,1431,1455]" page="466" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1907">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034CAA55C0AFD3AABD" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[672,949,1431,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="463 - 466" refId="ref37671" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1907) Notes on a few North American Cynipidae, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23 (21), 463 - 466." type="journal article" year="1907">Beutenmueller (1907: 466)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB6CE034E9D55E1AFC2AAFF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1155,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB501187FFB6CE034E9D55E1AFC2AAFF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FFB6CE034E9D55E1AE9BAADC" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[151,765,1462,1486]" page=")" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1930">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034E9D55E1AE9BAADC" authority="Kinsey (1930: 423)" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityPageNumber="423" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,765,1462,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="hirta" status="nom. nov." subGenus="Acraspis" variety="macrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034E9D55E1ACBBAADF" box="[151,221,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034EE755E1AD20AADF" box="[237,326,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034F5F55E1ADE0AADC" box="[341,390,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hirta</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034FB355E0AE48AADC" box="[441,558,1463,1486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">macrescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034C3F55E1AE9BAADC" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[565,765,1462,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930: 423)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFB6CE034D0255E1AF08AADC" box="[776,878,1462,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034D7F55E1A8CEAADC" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[885,1192,1462,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrescens" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D7F55E1AFDDAADF" box="[885,955,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034DC155E1A842AADF" box="[971,1060,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034A3955E0A8CEAADC" box="[1075,1192,1463,1486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">macrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FFB6CE034B5E55E1AD24AAFF" author="Kinsey, A. C." page="287" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1936">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034B5E55E1AD24AAFF" author="Kinsey, A. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey (1936: 287)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Declared “unnecessarily proposed” by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FFB6CE034CDC5583AFC6AAFF" author="Burks, B. D." box="[726,928,1492,1517]" page="1079" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1979">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034CDC5583AFC6AAFF" author="Burks, B. D." box="[726,928,1492,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979: 1079)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB6CE034E9D55A4AFE5A9F3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1155,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034E9D55A4AD46A919" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[151,288,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034F2255A4AD3AA919" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[296,348,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described seven additional species from the asexual generation within his “
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034A4C55A4A811A919" box="[1094,1143,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hirta</emphasis>
|
||
complex”:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034AE355A3ADD9A938" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtrectans" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034AE355A3A949A919" box="[1257,1327,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034B3155A4AD57A938" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis) obtrectans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034F3D5645ADD9A938" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[311,447,1554,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034FC35645AF35A938" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" box="[457,851,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opima" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034FC35645AE69A93B" box="[457,527,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034C145645AEA3A93B" box="[542,709,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis) opima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034CC15645AF35A938" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[715,851,1554,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034D825645A944A938" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" box="[904,1314,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scelesta" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D825645AFA8A93B" box="[904,974,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034DD75645A8F2A938" box="[989,1172,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis) scelesta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034A915645A944A938" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1179,1314,1554,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034B8E5645AD24A95A" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034B8E5645AD24A95A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034F765666AF48A95B" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" box="[380,814,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="packorum" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034F765666ADA4A95A" box="[380,450,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034FD85666AEF9A95A" box="[466,671,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis) packorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034CAC5667AF48A95B" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[678,814,1584,1609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034D335666A8BCA95A" authority="Kinsey, 1936" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1936" box="[825,1242,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bandero" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D335666AF19A95A" box="[825,895,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D855666A82CA95A" box="[911,1098,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis) bandero</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034A585667A8BCA95A" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1106,1242,1584,1608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034AEF5666ADF0A975" authority="Kinsey, 1936" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtior" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034AEF5666A94DA95A" box="[1253,1323,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034B315666AD6FA975" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis) hirtior</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034F055618ADF0A975" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[271,406,1615,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034FC05607AF38A975" authority="Kinsey, 1936" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1936" box="[458,862,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulterior" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034FC05607AE76A975" box="[458,528,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034C155618AEB5A975" box="[543,723,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis) ulterior</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034CD35618AF38A975" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[729,862,1615,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034D915607A874A975" ID-CoL="4R4Z8" box="[923,1042,1615,1639]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D915607A874A975" box="[923,1042,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Q. gambelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034A175618A8FAA975" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1053,1180,1615,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref45012" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.) Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Agricultural Monograph No. 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654." type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB6CE034AC65618A937A975" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1228,1361,1615,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034ECD5639ADB9A994" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[199,479,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bandero">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034ECD5639AD1DA994" box="[199,379,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis bandero</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034FE15639AE89A994" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[491,751,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034FE15639AEE8A994" box="[491,654,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis hirtior</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034D295639A854A994" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[803,1074,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulterior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034D295639AFB7A994" box="[803,977,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis ulterior</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct valid species, while the rest were treated as varieties of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034C0956DAAEF9A9B6" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[515,671,1676,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034C0956DAAEF9A9B6" box="[515,671,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We follow this treatment, thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034DD756DAA90EA9B6" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[989,1384,1676,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="hirta" variety="obtrectans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034DD756DAA80BA9B6" box="[989,1133,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis hirta</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034A9756DBA961A9B6" box="[1181,1287,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">obtrectans</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034B7B56DAAC95A9D1" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFB6CE034B7B56DAAC95A9D1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034F0B56FCAE0EA9D1" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[257,616,1707,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="hirta" variety="opima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034F0B56FCADF4A9D1" box="[257,402,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis hirta</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034FCD56FBAE60A9D1" box="[455,518,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">opima</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034C7E56FCAEB4A9D1" bold="true" box="[628,722,1707,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFB6CE034C7E56FCAEB4A9D1" box="[628,722,1707,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034CEA56FCA80BA9D1" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[736,1133,1707,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="hirta" variety="packorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034CEA56FCAF17A9D1" box="[736,881,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis hirta</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034DAC56FCA86DA9D1" box="[934,1035,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">packorum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034A7356FCA8B1A9D1" bold="true" box="[1145,1239,1707,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFB6CE034A7356FCA8B1A9D1" box="[1145,1239,1707,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034B0156FCADC2A9F0" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="hirta" variety="scelesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034B0156FCA9FAA9D1" box="[1291,1436,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis hirta</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034EF9569DAD25A9F0" box="[243,323,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">scelesta</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034FA5569DAE6AA9F0" bold="true" box="[431,524,1738,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFB6CE034FA5569DAE6AA9F0" box="[431,524,1738,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
all are synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034CEA569DAF1BA9F0" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[736,893,1738,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034CEA569DAF1BA9F0" box="[736,893,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFB6CE034E9D5747A801A885" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB6CE034E9D5747A801A885" blockId="7.[151,1436,1808,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034E9D5747ADE7A838" bold="true" box="[151,385,1808,1834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B283CF4FFB6CE034F925747A805A885" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3878855320" collectingDate="2005-05-22" collectingDateMax="2005-05-25" collectingDateMin="2005-05-22" collectionCode="GPS, PHDNRL" collectorName="S. Digweed" country="Canada" elevation="10" latitude="53.54218" location="Six" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-113.54289" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alberta">
|
||
<location id="8E9F6072FFB6CE034F925747ADDBA838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFFB6CE0F4E9D544CA805A943:8E9F6072FFB6CE034F925747ADDBA838" box="[408,445,1808,1834]" country="Canada" latitude="53.54218" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-113.54289" name="Six" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Alberta">Six</location>
|
||
sexual females labelled as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFB6CE034D2B5747AF1CA838" box="[801,890,1808,1834]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFB6CE034D865747AF85A838" box="[908,995,1808,1834]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Edmonton, Royal
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFB6CE034ADA5747A942A838" box="[1232,1316,1808,1834]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
Museum,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE74506EFFB6CE034E9D5763AD45A85D" box="[151,291,1844,1871]" degrees="53.54218" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="53.54218">53.54218°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE74506EFFB6CE034F365763ADBDA85D" box="[316,475,1844,1871]" degrees="113.54289" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="-113.54289">113.54289°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFFB6CE034FE75763AE46A85C" box="[493,544,1844,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">GPS</collectionCode>
|
||
±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFFB6CE034C355763AE14A85C" box="[575,626,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="006DD19AFFB6CE034C355763AE14A85C" box="[575,626,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFFB6CE034C8F5763AF74A85C" box="[645,786,1844,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. Digweed</collectorName>
|
||
, Collected
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FFB6CE034D945763A86BA85D" box="[926,1037,1844,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2005-05-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FFB6CE034D945763A86BA85D" box="[926,1037,1844,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2005-05-22">22.v.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034A4E5763A9FAA85C" authority=", Reared" authorityName="Reared" box="[1092,1436,1844,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034A4E5763A95EA85C" box="[1092,1336,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Quercus macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
, Reared
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FFB6CE034E9D570FAD63A861" box="[151,261,1880,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2005-05-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FFB6CE034E9D570FAD63A861" box="[151,261,1880,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2005-05-25">25.v.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
ex gall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034F70570FAE10A860" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1890" box="[378,630,1880,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocarpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034F70570FAE10A860" box="[378,630,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis macrocarpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FFB6CE034C77570FAEF0A860" box="[637,662,1880,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FFB6CE034C9C570FAEC1A860" box="[662,679,1880,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
”, determined originally as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034DDF570FA8B4A860" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1890" box="[981,1234,1880,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocarpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034DDF570FA8B4A860" box="[981,1234,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acraspis macrocarpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual generation females by
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFFB6CE034F12572BADFDA884" box="[280,411,1916,1942]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. Digweed</collectorName>
|
||
2005. Six sexual females have been deposited at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFFB6CE034DE5572AA805A885" box="[1007,1123,1917,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFB6CE0C4ECD57F7AED9AFEB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB6CE0C4ECD57F7AED9AFEB" blockId="7.[151,1436,1808,2015]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,150,321]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034ECD57F7AD24A8A8" bold="true" box="[199,322,1952,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034C1357F7AEE4A8A8" box="[537,642,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034C1357F7AEE4A8A8" box="[537,642,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB6CE034CA157F7AF31A8A8" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[683,855,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB6CE034CA157F7AF31A8A8" box="[683,855,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the radial cell of the forewing 4.2× as long as broad; the eye 4.5× as high as length of malar space, inner margins of eyes slightly converge ventrally; POL 2.2× as long as OOL, OOL 1.2× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB9CE0C4D3C50C0AFF9AFA3" box="[822,927,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB9CE0C4D3C50C0AFF9AFA3" box="[822,927,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the radial cell of the forewing 5.0× as long as broad, the eye 2.5× as high as length of malar space, inner margins of eyes are parallel; POL 1.8× as long as OOL, OOL 1.75× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFB9CE0D4ECD5155AEE2A817" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB9CE0C4ECD5155A81FAE53" blockId="8.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB9CE0C4ECD5155AD3FAE0E" bold="true" box="[199,345,258,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFB9CE0C4C1A5154AEE2AE0F" box="[528,644,259,285]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1752,1776]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1423,355,1710]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1413,287,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure-104@8.[151,1436,345,1729]" captionTargetId-1="figure-73@10.[151,1436,273,1910]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–6. Acraspis quercushirta (Bassett), sexual female. 1–4, head: 1, frontal view, 2, dorsal view, 3, posterior view, 4, lateral view. 5, antenna. 6, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 7–11. Acraspis quercushirta (Bassett), sexual female. 7–8, mesosoma: 7, lateral view, 8, dorsal view. 9, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 10, forewing, part. 11, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601808" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601810" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601808/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601810/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1–11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head, mesosoma, metasoma uniformly dark brown; antenna slightly lighter than body; mandibles, palpi maxillaris and labialis, legs light brown to yellowish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FFB9CE0C4E9D568FAF5EA806" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601808/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,264,1752,1776]" targetBox="[166,1423,355,1710]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB9CE0C4E9D568FAF5EA806" blockId="8.[151,1436,1752,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB9CE0C4E9D568FAD5DA9E2" bold="true" box="[151,315,1752,1776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB9CE0C4F4B568FAEE2A9E2" authority="(Bassett)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[321,644,1752,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB9CE0C4F4B568FAE47A9E2" box="[321,545,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Acraspis quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
(Bassett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual female. 1–4, head: 1, frontal view, 2, dorsal view, 3, posterior view, 4, lateral view. 5, antenna. 6, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB9CE0D4ECD5715A83CAD73" blockId="8.[151,1437,1858,2029]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head alutaceous, with white setae, denser on lower face and postgena, with distinct rows of setae along inner margin of eye; rounded, 1.1× as broad as high and as broad as mesosoma in frontal view, 1.8× as broad as long from dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye in frontal view, narrower than transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, glabrous, with very delicate striae that radiate from clypeus and do not reach eye; eye 4.5× as high as length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes slightly converge ventrally. POL 2.2× as long as OOL, OOL 1.2× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and slightly shorter than LOL, all ocelli small, ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance as great as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 1.3× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye as long as diameter of torulus; lower face alutaceous, matte, slightly elevated median area alutaceous. Clypeus rounded, nearly as broad as high, alutaceous, matte, with a few long setae; ventrally rounded, slightly emarginate, without median incision; anterior tentorial pit small, rounded, epistomal sulcus distinct, clypeo-pleurostomal line well impressed. Frons and interocellar area uniformly alutaceous, without striae and setae. Vertex, occiput and postocciput alutaceous; postgena smooth, glabrous, with dense white setae; posterior tentorial pit small, rounded, area below impressed; occipital foramen as high as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which are not united and diverge toward occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly as broad as occipital foramen. Antenna longer than head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres, pedicel slightly longer than broad, flagellomeres slightly broader towards apex; F1 2.4× as long as pedicel and 1.4× as long as F2; F2 slightly longer than F3; F3 1.2× as long as F4, F5 slightly longer than F6, all subsequent flagellomeres equal in length; placodeal sensilla on F2–F12, absent on F1.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB8CE0D4ECD523CAEB4AA1F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mesosoma 1.1× as long as high, with sparse white setae, except for dense setae on lateral propodeal area, mesopleural triangle and propleuron. Pronotum smooth, matte, with sparse setae, without striae laterally; propleuron alutaceous, matte. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, with sparse white setae along notauli, slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus incomplete, extending to 2/3 of mesoscutum length, shallow, broad, bottom smooth, glabrous, posteriorly broader and slightly converging; anterior parallel line and median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal line indistinct, in the form of an impressed line; circumscutellar carina narrow, distinct, reaching notaulus. Mesoscutellum ovate, slightly longer than broad, with semi-parallel sides, coriaceous, overhanging metanotum, posteriorly rounded; disk alutaceous with delicate rugae laterally and posteriorly. Mesoscutellar foveae absent, anterior part of mesoscutellum is not impressed, in the same plane as the mesoscutellar disk, alutaceous to smooth. Mesopleuron smooth, matte, setae only on posteroventral quarter of mesopleuron; mesopleural triangle delicately coriaceous, matte, with some delicate longitudinal parallel striae and a few setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, glabrous, with dense setae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, triangulate, gradually higher toward posterior end, at posterior end as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron slightly below half of its height, upper part of sulcus indistinct. Metascutellum coriaceous, as high as height of coriaceous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, matte, without setae; central propodeal area lyre-shaped, rugose, matte, with net of irregular rugae continuing onto nucha; lateral propodeal carinae bent slightly outwards in posterior 1/3, complete or incomplete, do not reaching anterior end of propodeum; lateral propodeal area coriaceous, matte, with long white setae. Nucha with net of irregular rugae dorsally and laterally. Tarsal claws with basal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB8CE0D4ECD5540ADE0AA6B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, with long dense cilia on margin, veins brown, radial cell open, 4.2× as long as broad; R1 and Rs reaching wing margin; areolet small, triangular, closed, distinct. Rs+M narrow, reaching basalis at mid height.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB8CE0D4ECD55D4AC8DA93F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum extending to 1/3 length of metasoma in dorsal view, without setae or micropunctures; subsequent terga smooth, glabrous, without micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium longer than broad in ventral view, with a few short setae ventrally which extend beyond apex of spine. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFFB8CE0D4B1C55B8A9FBA91B" box="[1302,1437,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.8">1.8–1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB8CE0D4ECD5660AEC0A967" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Male. The male as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB8CE0D4FA65660AE38A943" box="[428,606,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB8CE0D4FA65660AE38A943" box="[428,606,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it is impossible to distinguish males of the two species using morphological characters (see male description for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB8CE0D4C26560CAEF0A967" box="[556,662,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB8CE0D4C26560CAEF0A967" box="[556,662,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB8CE0D4ECD5629AEE2A817" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB8CE0D4ECD5629AC9CA98A" bold="true" box="[199,250,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gall</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFB8CE0D4F065628AD07A98B" box="[268,353,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–13" captionStartId="11.[151,264,836,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,813]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,181,813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 12–13. Acraspis quercushirta (Bassett). 12, asexual gall. 13, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601812/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sexual galls develop in the innermost scales in apical and lateral buds, a brittle, thin-walled, seed-like, sub-ovoid cell approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFFB8CE0D4C6356F4AEC8A9AF" box="[617,686,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, tan or orange-brown when mature, with faint longitudinal striations and sparse, pale hairs. Galls form in the basal portion of the scale and often leave the scale apex intact, which extends as a flat flap beyond the gall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFB8CE0F4ECD5759AE31AB4B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFB8CE0E4ECD5759A898AFEB" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB8CE0D4ECD5759AD41A83A" bold="true" box="[199,295,1806,1832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB8CE0D4F6F5758AE6BA838" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[357,525,1807,1834]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="679 - 691" refId="ref37328" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1864) Descriptions of several new species of Cynips, and a new species of Diastrophus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3, 679 - 691." type="journal article" year="1864">Bassett (1864)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB8CE0D4C165758AED4A83B" author="Weld, L. H." box="[540,690,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref44800" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922 a) Notes on Cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61 (2439), 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld (1922a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB8CE0D4CCB5758AE9BA838" author="Weld, L. H." box="[705,765,1807,1834]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB8CE0D4D4D5758AF80A83B" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[839,998,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB8CE0D4DFE5758A84BA838" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1012,1069,1807,1834]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for the biology of the asexual generation. Asexual generation galls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFB8CE0D4C475764AEC4A85F" box="[589,674,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–13" captionStartId="11.[151,264,836,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,813]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,181,813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 12–13. Acraspis quercushirta (Bassett). 12, asexual gall. 13, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601812/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) have been recorded on leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB8CE0D4A305764A8B0A85F" box="[1082,1238,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chapmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB8CE0D4A305764A828A85F" box="[1082,1102,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Q</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB8CE0D4A6A5764A8B0A85F" box="[1120,1238,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">chapmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB8CE0D4AED5764AD79A862" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB8CE0D4AED5764A914A85F" box="[1255,1394,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">Q. gambelii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB8CE0D4B8B5764AD79A862" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Q. macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB8CE0D4F245700ADA6A863" box="[302,448,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB8CE0D4F245700ADA6A863" box="[302,448,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Q. michauxii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFB8CE0D4C0B5700AEE8A862" box="[513,654,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFB8CE0D4C0B5700AEEDA862" box="[513,651,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">Q. montana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult females of the asexual generation emerged in Edmonton from late September to early November, with the peak occurring during the last half of October.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFB8CE0D4A8C572CA94EA884" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[1158,1320,1915,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="679 - 691" refId="ref37328" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1864) Descriptions of several new species of Cynips, and a new species of Diastrophus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3, 679 - 691." type="journal article" year="1864">Bassett (1864)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that adult females of the asexual generation bore exit holes in their galls some time prior to emerging. This behaviour was observed in Edmonton as well, with females often remaining for days or weeks just inside emergence holes. Completion of emergence was often triggered by cooler temperatures. Leaves with galls have mostly fallen to the ground when the brachypterous females emerge in Edmonton, so they walk to a bur oak tree bole, climb it, and oviposit into bud scales, remaining active for up to 2–3 weeks, often at temperatures below freezing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FFBBCE0E4E9D57DAA874A8DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601810/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,264,1933,1957]" targetBox="[160,1413,287,1886]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBBCE0E4E9D57DAA874A8DB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1933,1994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBBCE0E4E9D57DAAD20A8B7" bold="true" box="[151,326,1933,1957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURES 7–11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBBCE0E4F4157D9AEEBA8B4" authority="(Bassett)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[331,653,1933,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBBCE0E4F4157D9AE4DA8B7" box="[331,555,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Acraspis quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
(Bassett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual female. 7–8, mesosoma: 7, lateral view, 8, dorsal view. 9, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 10, forewing, part. 11, metasoma, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FFBACE0F4E9D5313AF8DAC4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601812" box="[151,1003,836,861]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601812/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,264,836,860]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,813]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBACE0F4E9D5313AF8DAC4F" blockId="11.[151,1003,836,861]" box="[151,1003,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4E9D5313AD32AC4E" bold="true" box="[151,340,836,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURES 12–13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4F505312AEFBAC4F" authority="(Bassett)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[346,669,837,861]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4F505312AE5CAC4F" box="[346,570,837,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
(Bassett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 12, asexual gall. 13, sexual gall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBACE0F4ECD53DCAE31AB4B" blockId="11.[151,1437,907,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Galls of the sexual generation usually occur singly, but up to six galls were found around a single bud. Galls and inhabitants survived freezing in late
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FFBACE0F4C6753F8AE8CACD8" box="[621,746,943,970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2005-04">
|
||
April
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFFBACE0F4CB853F8AE8CACD8" box="[690,746,943,970]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0927" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="2005.0">2005</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in Edmonton that destroyed new shoots on many bur oaks. Emergence typically occurs through holes chewed near gall apices. Empty galls can persist around bases of new shoots for weeks or months, but are easily detached as bud scales slough off during shoot maturation. Adults of the sexual generation emerged in Edmonton from late May to early June. Galls of the asexual generation appeared on leaves starting in late June or early July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFBACE0F4ECD5434A805A943" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBACE0F4ECD5434AF0FABF8" blockId="11.[151,1437,907,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4ECD5434AD07AB6F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1123,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBACE0F4F6F5434ADC7AB6F" box="[357,417,1123,1149]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4FA05434AE57AB6F" box="[426,561,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
|
||
south to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4C995434AE97AB6F" box="[659,753,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4CF05434AF2AAB6F" box="[762,844,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4D5F5434AFA5AB6F" box="[853,963,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4DC65434A876AB6F" box="[972,1040,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4A135434A829AB6F" box="[1049,1103,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4A565434A884AB6F" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1116,1250,1123,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4AF95434A938AB6F" box="[1267,1374,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4B6D5434AC89ABB3" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4EF654D0AD17ABB3" box="[252,369,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4F8A54D0AE73ABB3" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[384,533,1159,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBACE0F4C2354D0AEE7ABB3" box="[553,641,1159,1185]" name="Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4C8154D0AE84ABB3" box="[651,738,1159,1185]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4CE454D0AFF6ABB3" box="[750,912,1159,1185]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4D9654D0A86CABB3" box="[924,1034,1159,1185]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4A1C54D0A808ABB3" box="[1046,1134,1159,1185]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4A7154D0A8B5ABB3" box="[1147,1235,1159,1185]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4AD554D0A9FFABB3" box="[1247,1433,1159,1185]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Probably everywhere east of the Rocky Mountains in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBACE0F4D2A54FCAF30ABD7" box="[800,854,1195,1221]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBACE0F4D8454FCAF84ABD7" box="[910,994,1195,1221]" name="Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
where white oaks occur (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4B0854FCA9F2ABD7" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1282,1428,1195,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or have been introduced as urban trees (e.g., bur oak in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBACE0F4D0E5498AF3BABF8" box="[772,861,1231,1258]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBACE0F4ECD54A4AE90AA68" blockId="11.[151,1437,907,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4ECD54A4ADAFAA1F" bold="true" box="[199,457,1267,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Molecular taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Alternating generations were matched using DNA data, with four individuals (two asexual females, two sexual females) from Canadian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4CD45540AFE0AA23" box="[734,902,1303,1329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4CD45540AFE0AA23" box="[734,902,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rearings sequenced for both cytb and ITS2. Cytb sequences were 0–0.23% divergent (GenBank accessions
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4D27556CAFD6AA47" box="[813,944,1339,1365]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321608" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OM321608</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4DB4556CA826AA47" box="[958,1088,1339,1365]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321610" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OM321610</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4A44556CA8B3AA44" box="[1102,1237,1339,1366]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321612" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OM321612</accessionNumber>
|
||
); ITS2 sequences were identical (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4F495508ADA1AA6B" box="[323,455,1375,1401]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331800" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OM331800</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4FDF5508AE3FAA6B" box="[469,601,1375,1401]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331802" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OM331802</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4C6E5508AE8CAA68" box="[612,746,1375,1402]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331805" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OM331805</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBACE0F4ECD55D4A805A943" blockId="11.[151,1437,907,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The conspecific status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4FE755D4AEC4AA8F" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1890" box="[493,674,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocarpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4FE755D4AEC4AA8F" box="[493,674,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. macrocarpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4CD755D4AFEAAA8F" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[733,908,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4CD755D4AFEAAA8F" box="[733,908,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was confirmed by comparing sequences from the four Canadian individuals (originally determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4D1E55F0AFAEAAD3" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1890" box="[788,968,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocarpae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4D1E55F0AFAEAAD3" box="[788,968,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. macrocarpae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with those from two south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBACE0F4B6C55F0A9FAAAD3" box="[1382,1436,1447,1473]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
individuals (determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4FDA559CAEE6AAF7" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[464,640,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4FDA559CAEE6AAF7" box="[464,640,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; cytb:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4CD9559CAF34AAF4" box="[723,850,1483,1510]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX683594" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">KX683594</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4D6A559CAF82AAF7" box="[864,996,1483,1509]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321611" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OM321611</accessionNumber>
|
||
; ITS2:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4A31559CA8D8AAF7" box="[1083,1214,1483,1509]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331803" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OM331803</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBACE0F4AC7559CA937AAF7" box="[1229,1361,1483,1509]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331804" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OM331804</accessionNumber>
|
||
). Cytb haplotype divergence between the two regions averaged 2.08% (range 2.54–1.62%), with greater variation (3.23%) actually observed between the two
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBACE0F4C2C5644AE3AA93F" box="[550,604,1555,1581]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
haplotypes. ITS2 sequences were 0.38% different between Canadian and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBACE0F4E9D5660ACABA943" box="[151,205,1591,1617]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens, with four additional single base indels in polyA or polyT repeat units.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |