835 lines
109 KiB
XML
835 lines
109 KiB
XML
<document id="D049F2CBAB30148350C50FD3EEA64C8F" ID-CLB-Dataset="112242" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5145.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72c2e0c4-02cc-4a97-8981-86a19d405de4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601806" ID-ZooBank="1F909F98-7D98-4930-93D8-DD55008D9C76" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1654064038305" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicholls, James A., Melika, George, Digweed, Scott C. & Stone, Graham N." docDate="2022" docId="03E987BFFF86CE384E9D51E1A859ABB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5145.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5145 (1)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/1f909f98-7d98-4930-93d8-dd55008d9c76" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philonix fulvicollis Fitch 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFD0FFC7FFB1CE044E0A5057AC66AF12" masterDocTitle="Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1699338524039" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="1A77565A0760C9C5FD1F43C482CF26CD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="23E7BE6454228F367D862C93A96A29F2">
|
||
<mods:title id="6FE71E001F268D494A4C41BD03E0712E">Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="85E10F40B6778CDEC1A3DB53395E2DC6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E209AD6E03E843BED8C983355490F076">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3C45502CBCD8E92109F7CC63047468F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="23067F1D8EE104505704A78E1FFE4683">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1E160EE5B250C2E892D0196E5082B35F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9325-563X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4BA0D998D369A75485EA8C8C930F5C9D" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AFF4EE0A93D50B70ED05B588552D16C8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3EC56271FDC5C67EC21A26074DBCF723">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FAE8305E229E40D5BB7637CDD6D32893">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="67D2A10CC73E62FD6DECEEB679E1DA79">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EE56DA607036190D09EECD9193796715" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5204-6890</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C4700E46587896923D655F0C7086361C" type="email">melikageorge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="5E0DA731DD5C22515E6361300AC2EFB1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6B208DE5B30CF499A515172D96BF4AF1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="ED834DDAC49B9E0BE5A4426369E222A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FF616EE2FB6D8008ECCAA8EF5B0081CD">Digweed, Scott C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7930D3D849B21B245C63DD30A49E0969" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5947-193X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C47E4F863C0C5B5BA7332EF87BF86724" type="email">scott.digweed@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="CF0CEA0806B794D495A84C7204499514" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4001825B7ABC97818F611DE901FB40F7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C73590DF90041AE1BFA6D4EFB5C8090F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9CCCD0F13963C6AF0D31FCA193DF33F2">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0DB980F807E4484FC7F196011F9B27C6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2737-696X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FCEB975BAEB3830E196F095106A2CC0" type="email">graham.stone@ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2E7C14FB3B060D8C8021FCDA08E6F5ED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="3F638421A5730228BBC54B33953F028C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B450B1D0FEB4930963CCC756DA822984">
|
||
<mods:title id="AE58CD7ADAC93E43B84D856A5C4F87C1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6C22EA2AC9CE394920F1A36183119987">
|
||
<mods:date id="EB8E6267A0291E680B0A563118CF7DF6">2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1D55DA68C186FB6443BDB7F7C716435C" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="67478B166E3ABE4D5502D135BCB0A210">2022-06-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="484179C6B2E5B901A6BBA4AF060EBAE9" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="8F1121BE0255D70D6725BA90CFA14598">5145</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="BBCCDDE4B2122CBE8863C4E3BD911A6A" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="D15A122C8A0CB9AD72EC7C94C0892A47">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1335ADA3585994106710C3665378C6EF" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="E9A71F2B01F83595E9E66CB2DA9594C3">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="6CF9404FDA004D990458CBCEEFFF9E9D">79</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="E66B0AB820C84FFD8D1E4C6CC6BBCB91">
|
||
<mods:url id="EBDE26286CD2F2EC30CDE65770F76590">http://zoobank.org/1f909f98-7d98-4930-93d8-dd55008d9c76</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="99897E146796F14F6D6C3360C2CC773D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D3261733B87AB2CA41174B57BEF08684" type="CLB-Dataset">112242</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="64714EA13082ED7ADDA94F67F70398B3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5145.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4EE0856A499DF0D14D80BB400D717C26" type="GBIF-Dataset">72c2e0c4-02cc-4a97-8981-86a19d405de4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="90ECFC9AD48B0C4097C527C5931A0ACD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="39634F3540BA6F9F9CD82845CF2C7819" type="Zenodo-Dep">6601806</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A781889941B0F66D95C1506F9BE7C416" type="ZooBank">1F909F98-7D98-4930-93D8-DD55008D9C76</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E987BFFF86CE384E9D51E1A859ABB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6959028" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198576531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6959028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFF86CE384E9D51E1A859ABB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987BFFF86CE384E9D51E1A859ABB3" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF86CE334E9D51E1AF2EAEC2" box="[151,840,438,465]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334E9D51E1AF2EAEC2" blockId="55.[151,840,438,500]" box="[151,840,438,465]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<heading id="D0B781C5FF86CE334E9D51E1AF2EAEC2" bold="true" box="[151,840,438,465]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334E9D51E1AF2EAEC2" bold="true" box="[151,840,438,465]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334E9D51E1AE39AEC2" authority="Fitch, 1859" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,607,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334E9D51E1AD18AEC3" bold="true" box="[151,382,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F8F51E1AE74AEC2" author="Fitch, A." box="[389,530,438,464]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="781 - 854" refId="ref39355" refString="Fitch, A. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 854." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(1858)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF86CE334E9D518DAE5EADA0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334E9D518DAD0CAEE6" blockId="55.[151,840,438,500]" box="[151,362,474,500]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334E9D518DAD0CAEE6" bold="true" box="[151,362,474,500]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF86CE334E9D518DAD55AEE6" box="[151,307,474,500]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 183–191" captionStart-1="FIGURES 192–195" captionStart-2="FIGURES 196–199" captionStart-3="FIGURES 200–202" captionStartId-0="56.[151,264,1932,1956]" captionStartId-1="57.[151,264,1640,1664]" captionStartId-2="58.[151,264,1953,1977]" captionStartId-3="59.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox-0="[253,1317,564,1901]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1431,218,1596]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1419,611,1915]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1418,203,1347]" captionTargetId-0="figure-192@56.[249,1338,558,1906]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@57.[151,1435,201,1617]" captionTargetId-2="figure-199@58.[151,1437,597,1930]" captionTargetId-3="figure-21@59.[151,1435,199,1361]" captionTargetPageId-0="56" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionTargetPageId-2="58" captionTargetPageId-3="59" captionText-0="FIGURES 183–191. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 183–186, head, female: 183, frontal view, 184, dorsal view, 185, lateral view, 186, posterior view. 187, antenna, female, part. 188–190, head, male: 188, frontal view, 189, dorsal view, 190, lateral view. 191, antenna, male." captionText-1="FIGURES 192–195. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation, female. 192, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 193– 195, mesosoma: 193, lateral view, 194–195, dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 196–199. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 196, metascutellum and propodeum, female, posterodorsal view. 197–199, male: 197, mesosoma, lateral view, 198, mesosoma, dorsal view, 199, metascutellum and propodeum, postero-" captionText-3="FIGURES 200–202. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 200–201, metasoma, female: 200, lateral view, 201, ventral view. 202, metasoma, male, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601902" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601906" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601908" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601910" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601902/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601906/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6601908/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6601910/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 183–202</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF86CE334F4A518DAD0CAEE6" box="[320,362,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 203–204" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1208,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-457@60.[151,1435,1208,1905]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 203–204. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch. 203, asexual gall. 204, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601912/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">204</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334E9D5248AE5EADA0" blockId="55.[151,1437,543,1304]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334E9D5248AD69AD25" bold="true" box="[151,271,543,567]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Synonyms:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334F1D5248AEFCAD25" authority="Fitch (1859: 783)" authorityName="Fitch" authorityPageNumber="783" authorityYear="1859" box="[279,666,543,567]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334F1D5248ADBCAD25" box="[279,474,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334FE85248AEFCAD25" author="Fitch, A." box="[482,666,543,567]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="781 - 854" refId="ref39355" refString="Fitch, A. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 854." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch (1859: 783)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual females;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D505277A838AD25" box="[858,1118,543,567]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis" subGenus="Teras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D505277AFC6AD25" box="[858,928,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DBB5277AF8EAD25" box="[945,1000,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Teras</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DF05248A838AD25" box="[1018,1118,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334B055248AD22AD44" author="Osten Sacken, C. R. von" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref42748" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. von (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten Sacken (1865: 379)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334F5A5269AE72AD44" box="[336,532,574,598]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Biorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334F5A5269AE72AD44" box="[336,532,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Biorhiza fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334CCF5269AFCCAD44" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[709,938,574,598]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref37060" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12, 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead (1885: 296)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334DBD5269A8E3AD44" box="[951,1157,574,598]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Biorrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DBD5269A8E3AD44" box="[951,1157,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Biorrhiza fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination and incorrect spelling by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F35520BAE4EAD66" author="Dalla Torre" box="[319,552,604,629]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref38771" refString="Dalla Torre, de C. G. (1893) Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 2. Cynipidae. Lipsiae. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, 459 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10348" type="book" year="1893">Dalla Torre (1893: 61)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334C3E520BAE9CAD66" box="[564,762,604,628]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334C3E520BAE9CAD66" box="[564,762,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonyx fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination and incorrect spelling by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334A86520BA92DAD66" author="Smith, J. B." box="[1164,1355,604,629]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="597 - 604" refId="ref43816" refString="Smith, J. B. (1910) Family Cynipidae. In: Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, including a Report of the Insects of New Jersey. MacCrelish and Quigley, Trenton, New Jersey, pp. 597 - 604." type="book chapter" year="1910">Smith (1910: 598)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334B5C520AAE5FAD81" authority="var. fulvicollis" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fulvicollis" subGenus="Philonix" variety="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334B5C520AA9FAAD66" box="[1366,1436,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334EDA522CAD40AD81" box="[208,294,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334F32522CADFAAD81" box="[312,412,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FDF522CAE5FAD81" box="[469,569,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334C75522CAE85AD81" box="[639,739,635,659]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334C75522CAE85AD81" box="[639,739,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334D93522CA80EAD81" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[921,1128,635,659]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930: 262)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334A7D522BA9FAAD81" box="[1143,1436,635,659]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis" subGenus="Philonix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334A7D522BA8DBAD81" box="[1143,1213,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334ADA522CA940AD81" box="[1232,1318,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334B32522CA9FAAD81" box="[1336,1436,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F6652CDAE52ADA0" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[364,564,666,690]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey (1936: 207)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF86CE334E9D52EFA91DAA05" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334E9D52EFAF39ADC2" blockId="55.[151,1437,543,1304]" box="[151,863,696,721]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB501187FF86CE334E9D52EFAF39ADC2" box="[151,863,696,721]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334E9D52EFADBFADC2" authority="Fitch, 1859" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,473,696,720]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334E9D52EFAD3DADC2" box="[151,347,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix nigricollis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F6852EFADBFADC2" author="Fitch, A." box="[354,473,696,720]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="781 - 854" refId="ref39355" refString="Fitch, A. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 854." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334C9952EFAF3DADC2" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[659,859,696,721]" page="262" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1930">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334C9952EFAF3DADC2" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[659,859,696,721]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930: 262)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334E9D5280AF10AC3E" blockId="55.[151,1437,543,1304]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB501187FF86CE334E9D5280AF10AC3E" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334E9D5280ADACADFD" authority="Gillette, 1889" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,458,727,751]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334E9D5280AD48ADFD" box="[151,302,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acraspis niger</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F325280ADACADFD" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[312,458,727,751]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="281 - 285" refId="ref39656" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1889) New Cynipidae. Bulletin of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, 7, 281 - 285." type="journal article" year="1889">Gillette, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334FDD5280AE16ADFD" authority="Gillette, 1889" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1889" box="[471,624,727,751]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FDD5280AE16ADFD" box="[471,624,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acraspis nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corrected spelling by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334D575280A82BADFD" author="Dalla Torre" box="[861,1101,727,751]" page="64" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1893">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334D575280A82BADFD" author="Dalla Torre" box="[861,1101,727,751]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref38771" refString="Dalla Torre, de C. G. (1893) Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 2. Cynipidae. Lipsiae. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, 459 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10348" type="book" year="1893">Dalla Torre (1893: 64)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334A515280A897ADFD" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1115,1265,727,751]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334A515280A897ADFD" box="[1115,1265,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334ECD52A1AD83AC1C" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[199,485,758,782]" page="251" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1909">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334ECD52A1AD83AC1C" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[199,485,758,782]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref37710" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1909) The species of Biorhiza, Philonix and allied genera and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 26, 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="1909">Beutenmueller (1909: 251)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334FF952A1AEE8AC1F" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[499,654,758,782]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FF952A1AEE8AC1F" box="[499,654,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonyx nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination and incorrect spelling by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334A3952A1A89EAC1C" author="Smith, J. B." box="[1075,1272,758,782]" page="598" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334A3952A1A89EAC1C" author="Smith, J. B." box="[1075,1272,758,782]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="597 - 604" refId="ref43816" refString="Smith, J. B. (1910) Family Cynipidae. In: Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, including a Report of the Insects of New Jersey. MacCrelish and Quigley, Trenton, New Jersey, pp. 597 - 604." type="book chapter" year="1910">Smith (1910: 598)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334B0D52A1A9FAAC1F" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1287,1436,758,782]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334B0D52A1A9FAAC1F" box="[1287,1436,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
correction by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334F5E5343AD89AC3E" author="Felt, E. P." box="[340,495,788,813]" page="96" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1918">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F5E5343AD89AC3E" author="Felt, E. P." box="[340,495,788,813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="509 - 525" refId="ref39255" refString="Felt, E. P. (1918) Gall insects and their relations to plants. The Scientific Monthly, 6, 509 - 525." type="journal article" year="1918">Felt (1918: 96)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334CA05343AF14AC3E" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[682,882,788,813]" page="262" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1930">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334CA05343AF14AC3E" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[682,882,788,813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930: 262)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334E9D5364AD87AC9A" blockId="55.[151,1437,543,1304]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB501187FF86CE334E9D5364AD87AC9A" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334E9D5364ADB2AC59" authority="Bassett, 1900" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,468,819,843]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334E9D5364AD24AC59" box="[151,322,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acraspis gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F435363ADB2AC59" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[329,468,819,843]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="310 - 336" refId="ref37510" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1900) New species of North American Cynipidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 310 - 336." type="journal article" year="1900">Bassett, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334FD65364AEE2AC59" authority="Bassett, 1900" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1900" box="[476,644,819,843]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FD65364AEE2AC59" box="[476,644,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acraspis gillettii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
incorrect spelling by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334D545364A803AC59" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[862,1125,819,843]" page="25" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1904">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334D545364A803AC59" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[862,1125,819,843]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="23 - 28" refId="ref37630" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1904) Article III. - The types of Cynipidae in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 20, 23 - 28." type="journal article" year="1904">Beutenmueller (1904: 25)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334A655364A97EAC59" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1135,1304,819,843]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334A655364A97EAC59" box="[1135,1304,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334EE75305ADC6AC78" author="Felt, E. P." box="[237,416,850,874]" page="711" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1906">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334EE75305ADC6AC78" author="Felt, E. P." box="[237,416,850,874]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="615 - 736" refId="ref39211" refString="Felt, E. P. (1906) Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. Plant Galls and Gallmakers, 8 (2), 615 - 736. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8979" type="journal article" year="1906">Felt (1906: 711)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334FA55305AE05AC78" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[431,611,850,874]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FA55305AE05AC78" box="[431,611,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonyx gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination and incorrect spelling by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334A195305A8BAAC78" author="Smith, J. B." box="[1043,1244,850,874]" page="598" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334A195305A8BAAC78" author="Smith, J. B." box="[1043,1244,850,874]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="597 - 604" refId="ref43816" refString="Smith, J. B. (1910) Family Cynipidae. In: Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, including a Report of the Insects of New Jersey. MacCrelish and Quigley, Trenton, New Jersey, pp. 597 - 604." type="book chapter" year="1910">Smith (1910: 598)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF86CE334ECD5327ADBAAC9A" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[199,476,880,905]" page="252" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1909">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334ECD5327ADBAAC9A" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[199,476,880,905]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref37710" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1909) The species of Biorhiza, Philonix and allied genera and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 26, 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="1909">Beutenmueller (1909: 252)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334E9D53D8A91DAA05" blockId="55.[151,1437,543,1304]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334E9D53D8AD40ACB5" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[151,294,911,935]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F3F53D8AD0FACB5" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[309,361,911,935]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described 6 additional species from the asexual generation and included them within his “
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334B3253D8A9FAACB5" box="[1336,1436,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
complex”:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334F3353F9AE93ACD4" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" box="[313,757,942,966]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis" subGenus="Philonix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334F3353F9AE01ACD4" box="[313,615,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cynips (Philonix) canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334C6453F9AE93ACD4" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[622,757,942,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D1453F9A8CEACD4" box="[798,1192,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D1453F9AF08ACD4" ID-CoL="4R47Z" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[798,878,942,966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Q. alba</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D7053F9A87EACD4" ID-CoL="4R5FS" box="[890,1048,942,966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Q. macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334A2E53F9A8CEACD4" ID-CoL="4R5J6" box="[1060,1192,942,966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxii">Q. michauxii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334AE953F9A9F3ACD4" ID-CoL="4R5L5" box="[1251,1429,942,966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muehlenbergii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334AE953F9A9F3ACD4" box="[1251,1429,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. muehlenbergii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334ECD539AAE2CACF7" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" box="[199,586,972,997]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="Philonix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334ECD539AADD8ACF6" box="[199,446,972,996]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cynips (Philonix) major</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334FCE539BAE2CACF7" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[452,586,972,997]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334C7A539AAF95ACF6" box="[624,1011,972,996]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334C7A539AAED8ACF6" ID-CoL="4R47Z" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[624,702,972,996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Q. alba</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334CC3539AAF03ACF6" ID-CoL="4R5FS" box="[713,869,973,996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Q. macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D7A539AAF95ACF6" ID-CoL="4R5J6" box="[880,1011,972,996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxii">Q. michauxii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334A21539AA8BDACF6" ID-CoL="4R5L5" box="[1067,1243,972,996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muehlenbergii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334A21539AA8BDACF6" box="[1067,1243,972,996]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. muehlenbergii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334AE3539AADDDAB11" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubricosa" subGenus="Philonix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334AE3539AAD4CAB11" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cynips (Philonix) rubricosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F3953BCADDDAB11" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[307,443,1003,1027]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334FEF53BBAE52AB11" ID-CoL="4R47Z" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[485,564,1003,1027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FEF53BBAE52AB11" box="[485,564,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334C6053BBAEB1AB11" ID-CoL="4R667" box="[618,727,1003,1027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334C6053BBAEB1AB11" box="[618,727,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. stellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334CEF53BBA809AB11" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" box="[741,1135,1003,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorisi" subGenus="Philonix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334CEF53BBAFB8AB11" box="[741,990,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cynips (Philonix) vorisi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334DED53BCA809AB11" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[999,1135,1003,1027]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334A9053BBA9FAAB11" box="[1178,1436,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334A9053BBA962AB11" ID-CoL="793QP" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[1178,1284,1003,1027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">Q. bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334B1B53BBA9FEAB11" ID-CoL="4R5J6" box="[1297,1432,1003,1027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxii">Q. michauxii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334EF8545DADEBAB30" ID-CoL="4R5FS" box="[242,397,1034,1058]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334EF8545DADEBAB30" box="[242,397,1034,1058]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334F90545DAF23AB30" authority="Kinsey, 1936" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1936" box="[410,837,1034,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulensis" subGenus="Philonix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334F90545DAEDFAB30" box="[410,697,1034,1058]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cynips (Philonix) insulensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334CB5545DAF23AB30" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[703,837,1034,1058]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D66545DAF82AB30" ID-CoL="4R4Z8" box="[876,996,1034,1058]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D66545DAF82AB30" box="[876,996,1034,1058]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. gambelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334A1F545DA8D6AB30" ID-CoL="4R5FS" box="[1045,1200,1034,1058]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334A1F545DA8D6AB30" box="[1045,1200,1034,1058]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334AE2545DADD3AB52" authority="Kinsey, 1936" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latigenae" subGenus="Philonix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334AE2545DAD43AB52" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cynips (Philonix) latigenae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F24547FADD3AB52" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[302,437,1064,1088]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334FD4547EAE3EAB52" ID-CoL="4R4Z8" box="[478,600,1064,1088]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FD4547EAE3EAB52" box="[478,600,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. gambelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Kinsey also included in this complex the taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334A4D547FA93CAB53" authority="Weld, 1922" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[1095,1370,1064,1089]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334A4D547FA8BAAB52" box="[1095,1244,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix gigas</emphasis>
|
||
Weld, 1922
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334B8E547EAD62AB4D" ID-CoL="4R5FD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334B8E547EAD62AB4D" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. lyrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334F335410AEB4AB4D" authority="(Ashmead, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[313,722,1095,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaeglobuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334F335410AE7EAB4D" box="[313,536,1095,1119]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix lanaeglobuli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334C2D5410AEADAB4D" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[551,715,1095,1119]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="125 - 158" refId="ref37156" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1887) On the cynipidous galls of Florida, with descriptions of new species and synopses of the described species of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 14, 125 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076487" type="journal article" year="1887">Ashmead, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334CF7541FAFE4AB4D" ID-CoL="4R5J6" box="[765,898,1095,1119]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334CF7541FAFE4AB4D" box="[765,898,1095,1119]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. michauxii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both known only from an asexual generation, plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334ECD5431AE7AAB6C" authority="(Bassett, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[199,540,1126,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334ECD5431AD13AB6C" box="[199,373,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334F8F5431AE73AB6C" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[389,533,1126,1150]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="310 - 336" refId="ref37510" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1900) New species of North American Cynipidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 310 - 336." type="journal article" year="1900">Bassett, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known only from a sexual generation on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334DD25431A840AB6C" ID-CoL="4R47Z" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[984,1062,1126,1150]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DD25431A840AB6C" box="[984,1062,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since then,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334ABA5431AD6DAB8F" author="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="150 - 190" refId="ref41548" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2002) Review of the world genera of oak cynipid wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). In: Melika, G. & Thuroczy, C. (Eds.), Parasitic Wasps: Evolution, Systematics, Biodiversity and Biological Control. Agroinform. Budapest, pp. 150 - 190." type="book chapter" year="2002">Melika & Abrahamson (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334F9454D3AE2CAB8E" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[414,586,1156,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334F9454D3AE2CAB8E" box="[414,586,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334C6054D2AFD0AB8F" authority="(Bassett, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[618,950,1156,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334C6054D2AF72AB8E" box="[618,788,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acraspis gemula</emphasis>
|
||
(Bassett, 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334DB554D3A858AB8E" author="Weld, L. H." box="[959,1086,1156,1180]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref45012" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.) Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Agricultural Monograph No. 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654." type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334A6554D3A893AB8F" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1135,1269,1156,1181]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334B4C54D3ADE8ABA9" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334B4C54D3AD4DABA9" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix insulensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334F9154F4AEDCABA9" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[411,698,1187,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latigenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334F9154F4AE31ABA9" box="[411,599,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix latigenae</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334CCD54F4AFFAABA9" authority="Weld" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[711,924,1187,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334CCD54F4AF3AABA9" box="[711,860,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix gigas</emphasis>
|
||
Weld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334DDF54F4A94AABA9" authority="(Ashmead)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[981,1324,1187,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanaeglobuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DDF54F4A8D5ABA9" box="[981,1203,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix lanaeglobuli</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct valid species, while the rest were treated as varieties of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D075494AFEAABC8" authority="Fitch, 1859" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1859" box="[781,908,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D075494AFEAABC8" box="[781,908,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We follow this treatment, thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334AD05495ADA1ABEA" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fulvicollis" variety="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334AD05495A9FAABC8" box="[1242,1436,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334EFE54B7AD03ABEA" box="[244,357,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FD854B6AE57ABEB" bold="true" box="[466,561,1249,1273]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FF86CE334FD854B6AE57ABEB" box="[466,561,1249,1273]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334C3554B7AFB2ABEA" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[575,980,1248,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fulvicollis" variety="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334C3554B7AF66ABEA" box="[575,768,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D3F54B6AF14ABEA" box="[821,882,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">major</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DD554B6A851ABEB" bold="true" box="[991,1079,1249,1273]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FF86CE334DD554B6A851ABEB" box="[991,1079,1249,1273]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">syn.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334A4E54B7AD44AA05" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fulvicollis" variety="rubricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334A4E54B7A960ABEA" box="[1092,1286,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334B3054B7A9FBABEA" box="[1338,1437,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">rubricosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334F2654A8ADECAA05" bold="true" box="[300,394,1279,1303]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FF86CE334F2654A8ADECAA05" box="[300,394,1279,1303]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334FB154A8AF2EAA05" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[443,840,1279,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fulvicollis" variety="vorisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FB154A8AE1AAA05" box="[443,636,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334CA75557AE81AA05" box="[685,743,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">vorisi</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D5954A8AFD6AA05" bold="true" box="[851,944,1279,1303]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FF86CE334D5954A8AFD6AA05" box="[851,944,1279,1303]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are all considered synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334AF25557A913AA05" authority="Fitch, 1859" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1859" box="[1272,1397,1279,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334AF25557A913AA05" box="[1272,1397,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF86CE334E9D5517ADA0AAD5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334E9D5517ADA0AAD5" blockId="55.[151,1437,1344,2019]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334E9D5517ADE5AA48" bold="true" box="[151,387,1344,1370]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B283CF4FF86CE334F805517ADA4AAD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3878855316" collectingDate="2008-06-01" collectionCode="GPS, PHDNRL" collectorName="S. Digweed" country="Canada" elevation="10" latitude="53.47371" location="One" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-113.37202" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alberta">
|
||
<location id="8E9F6072FF86CE334F805517ADDFAA48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFF86CE384E9D51E1A859ABB3:8E9F6072FF86CE334F805517ADDFAA48" box="[394,441,1344,1370]" country="Canada" latitude="53.47371" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-113.37202" name="One" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Alberta">One</location>
|
||
sexual female and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF86CE334C9A5516AE93AA48" box="[656,757,1344,1371]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
labelled as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF86CE334D8E5517A865AA48" box="[900,1027,1344,1370]" name="Canada" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF86CE334A015517A804AA48" box="[1035,1122,1344,1370]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Edmonton, 3761-20 Street,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE74506EFF86CE334E9D5533AD44AA6D" box="[151,290,1380,1407]" degrees="53.47371" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="53.47371">53.47371°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE74506EFF86CE334F3A5533ADAAAA6C" box="[304,460,1380,1406]" degrees="113.37202" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-113.37202">113.37202°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF86CE334FD05533AE76AA6C" box="[474,528,1380,1406]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">GPS</collectionCode>
|
||
±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF86CE334C155533AE37AA6C" box="[543,593,1380,1406]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="006DD19AFF86CE334C155533AE37AA6C" box="[543,593,1380,1406]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, reared
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FF86CE334CA45533AF7FAA6C" box="[686,793,1380,1406]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2008-06-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FF86CE334CA45533AF7FAA6C" box="[686,793,1380,1406]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2008-06-01">1.vi.2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
ex bud galls
|
||
<collectedFrom id="385C7554FF86CE334DB25532A903AA6C" box="[952,1381,1380,1407]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334DD75533A903AA6C" authority=", S. Digweed" authorityName="S. Digweed" box="[989,1381,1380,1407]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DD75533A8ABAA6C" box="[989,1229,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Quercus macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
, S. Digweed
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, det.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334E9D55DFADC9AAB0" authority="Fitch" authorityName="Fitch" box="[151,431,1416,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334E9D55DFAD0DAAB0" box="[151,363,1416,1442]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Fitch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation female,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFF86CE334CEB55DFAF05AAB0" box="[737,867,1416,1442]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">S. Digweed</collectorName>
|
||
2008”. The female and male specimens have been deposited at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF86CE334F4455FAADA4AAD5" box="[334,450,1453,1479]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF86CE334ECD5587AE2FA98C" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334ECD5587AE2FA98C" blockId="55.[151,1437,1344,2019]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334ECD5587AD24AAF8" bold="true" box="[199,322,1488,1514]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334FAA5587AD99AAF8" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1859" box="[416,511,1488,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334FAA5587AD99AAF8" box="[416,511,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resemble sexual
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D6A5587AFA4AAF8" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[864,962,1488,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D6A5587AFA4AAF8" box="[864,962,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334DF85587A832AAF8" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[1010,1108,1488,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DF85587A832AAF8" box="[1010,1108,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the postgenal bridge shorter than the height of occipital foramen, the mesoscutum entirely smooth, notaulus incomplete, the mesoscutellum rounded, uniformly rugose; the metasoma only slightly longer than high. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334DFD564FA830A920" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1859" box="[1015,1110,1560,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DFD564FA830A920" box="[1015,1110,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philonix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the postgenal bridge as high as the occipital foramen, most of the mesoscutum smooth, except delicately alutaceous in the anterior part between notauli, notaulus complete, the mesoscutellum elongated with a smooth, glabrous surface in anterior half; the metasoma much higher in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF86CE384ECD56FFAC94AE0E" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334ECD56FFAEBBA9F4" blockId="55.[151,1437,1344,2019]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334ECD56FFAD3FA9D0" bold="true" box="[199,345,1704,1730]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF86CE334C1456FFAEA7A9D0" box="[542,705,1704,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 183–191" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,564,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-192@56.[249,1338,558,1906]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 183–191. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 183–186, head, female: 183, frontal view, 184, dorsal view, 185, lateral view, 186, posterior view. 187, antenna, female, part. 188–190, head, male: 188, frontal view, 189, dorsal view, 190, lateral view. 191, antenna, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601902/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 183–187</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF86CE334CD856FFAF50A9D0" box="[722,822,1704,1730]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 192–195" captionStart-1="FIGURES 196–199" captionStartId-0="57.[151,264,1640,1664]" captionStartId-1="58.[151,264,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1431,218,1596]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1419,611,1915]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@57.[151,1435,201,1617]" captionTargetId-1="figure-199@58.[151,1437,597,1930]" captionTargetPageId-0="57" captionTargetPageId-1="58" captionText-0="FIGURES 192–195. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation, female. 192, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 193– 195, mesosoma: 193, lateral view, 194–195, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 196–199. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 196, metascutellum and propodeum, female, posterodorsal view. 197–199, male: 197, mesosoma, lateral view, 198, mesosoma, dorsal view, 199, metascutellum and propodeum, postero-" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601906" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601908" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601906/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601908/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">192–196</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF86CE334D4D56FFAFC8A9D0" box="[839,942,1704,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 200–202" captionStartId="59.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,203,1347]" captionTargetId="figure-21@59.[151,1435,199,1361]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 200–202. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 200–201, metasoma, female: 200, lateral view, 201, ventral view. 202, metasoma, male, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601910/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">200–201</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body uniformly reddish brown, antenna slightly lighter, palpi yellow, legs uniformly yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE3C4ECD56A7A836AD0B" blockId="55.[151,1437,1344,2019]" lastBlockId="56.[151,1436,151,537]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Head alutaceous, with sparse white setae, denser on lower face, with distinct rows of setae along inner margin of eye; slightly broader than high and as broad as mesosoma in frontal view, 1.9× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye in frontal view, 0.5× width of transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, with delicate striae radiating from clypeus and reaching eye margin; eye 3.8× as high as length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. POL 1.5× as long as OOL, OOL 1.9× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 1.7× as long as LOL, all ocelli ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus shorter than distance between them, distance between torulus and eye as long as diameter of torulus; lower face alutaceous, slightly elevated median area alutaceous. Clypeus rectangular, nearly 2.0× as broad as high, alutaceous, with a few long setae along ventral edge; ventrally rounded, slightly emarginate, without median incision; anterior tentorial pit rounded, distinct, epistomal sulcus distinct, clypeo-pleurostomal line well impressed. Frons and interocellar area uniformly alutaceous, without striae or setae. Vertex, occiput, postocciput and postgena alutaceous, with sparse white setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, area below impressed; occipital foramen slightly higher than height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which are not united and diverge toward occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly as broad as occipital foramen. Antenna longer than head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres, scape only slightly longer than pedicel, pedicel slightly longer than broad, flagellomeres slightly broader towards apex; F1 2.0× as long as pedicel and 1.2× as long as F2; F2 slightly longer than F3; F3 slightly longer than F4, F5=F6, all subsequent flagellomeres equal in length; F12 slightly longer than F11; placodeal sensilla on F3–F12, absent on F1–F2.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF89CE3C4E9D57DBAD86A8FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601902/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,264,1932,1956]" targetBox="[253,1317,564,1901]" targetPageId="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF89CE3C4E9D57DBAD86A8FE" blockId="56.[151,1436,1932,2029]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF89CE3C4E9D57DBAD08A8B6" bold="true" box="[151,366,1932,1956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURES 183–191.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF89CE3C4F7F57DBAE15A8B6" authority="Fitch" authorityName="Fitch" box="[373,627,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF89CE3C4F7F57DBAE53A8B6" box="[373,565,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Fitch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation. 183–186, head, female: 183, frontal view, 184, dorsal view, 185, lateral view, 186, posterior view. 187, antenna, female, part. 188–190, head, male: 188, frontal view, 189, dorsal view, 190, lateral view. 191, antenna, male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF88CE3D4E9D563FAEB1A9B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601906/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,264,1640,1664]" targetBox="[160,1431,218,1596]" targetPageId="57">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF88CE3D4E9D563FAEB1A9B6" blockId="57.[151,1436,1640,1700]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF88CE3D4E9D563FAD09A992" bold="true" box="[151,367,1640,1664]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURES 192–195.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF88CE3D4F7D563FAE11A992" authority="Fitch" authorityName="Fitch" box="[375,631,1640,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF88CE3D4F7D563FAE5EA992" box="[375,568,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Fitch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation, female. 192, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 193– 195, mesosoma: 193, lateral view, 194–195, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF88CE3E4ECD5684AE6DAD2F" blockId="57.[151,1437,1746,2024]" lastBlockId="58.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mesosoma slightly longer than high. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, with sparse setae in dorsolateral part, with delicate short parallel striae along posterior edge; propleuron smooth, glabrous, with sparse white setae. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, delicately alutaceous at the anterior end between notauli, with a few white setae along notauli, slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus complete, reaching pronotum, well impressed along entire length, with smooth bottom, posteriorly slightly converging; anterior parallel line inconspicuous, marked with slightly impressed narrow area, extending to 1/6 of mesoscutum length; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal line indistinct, circumscutellar carina narrow but distinct, reaching notaulus. Mesoscutellum quadrangular, longer than broad, with parallel sides, uniformly dull coriaceous, with strong irregular rugae along sides and posteriorly; posteriorly rounded, overhanging metanotum. Anterior part of mesoscutellum impressed, smooth, glabrous, in the form of a semilunar impression, with rugose triangular central area dividing anterior part into two halves. Mesopleuron smooth, glabrous, with a few white setae on the most posteroventral part; mesopleural triangle smooth, glabrous, with a few delicate longitudinally orientated striae and a few setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, glabrous, with sparse setae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, triangular, gradually higher toward posterior end, at posterior end as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus distinct, reaching mesopleuron at half of its height. Metascutellum smooth, 0.5× as long as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without setae; central propodeal area lyre-shaped, smooth, glabrous, with a few short rugae, in posterior half the rugae continue onto nucha; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, complete, bent slightly outwards in posterior 1/3; lateral propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with sparse long white setae. Nucha with parallel longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF8BCE3E4E9D57F6A9FAA8CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601908/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,264,1953,1977]" targetBox="[161,1419,611,1915]" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8BCE3E4E9D57F6A9FAA8CF" blockId="58.[151,1436,1953,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8BCE3E4E9D57F6AD09A8AB" bold="true" box="[151,367,1953,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURES 196–199.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8BCE3E4F7C57F6AE11A8AB" authority="Fitch" authorityName="Fitch" box="[374,631,1953,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8BCE3E4F7C57F6AE5EA8AB" box="[374,568,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Fitch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation. 196, metascutellum and propodeum, female, posterodorsal view. 197–199, male: 197, mesosoma, lateral view, 198, mesosoma, dorsal view, 199, metascutellum and propodeum, postero-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8ACE3F4E9D50C0AD74AFBD" blockId="59.[151,274,151,175]" box="[151,274,151,175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF8ACE3F4E9D553FAE52AAB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601910/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[151,264,1384,1408]" targetBox="[157,1418,203,1347]" targetPageId="59">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8ACE3F4E9D553FAE52AAB7" blockId="59.[151,1436,1384,1445]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8ACE3F4E9D553FAD0BAA92" bold="true" box="[151,365,1384,1408]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIGURES 200–202.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8ACE3F4F7F553EAE12AA93" authority="Fitch" authorityName="Fitch" box="[373,628,1385,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8ACE3F4F7F553EAE50AA93" box="[373,566,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Philonix fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Fitch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation. 200–201, metasoma, female: 200, lateral view, 201, ventral view. 202, metasoma, male, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8ACE3F4ECD5584AE1FA927" blockId="59.[151,1437,1491,2021]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, with short cilia on margin, veins brown, radial cell open, 3.8x as long as broad; R1 and Rs nearly reaching wing margin; areolet triangular, closed and distinct. Rs+M narrow, indistinct, reaching basalis slightly below mid height.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8ACE3F4ECD5668AE59A9FB" blockId="59.[151,1437,1491,2021]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, as long as high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum extending to 1/3 length of metasoma in dorsal view, with a few setae laterally, without micropunctures; subsequent terga smooth, glabrous, without micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short, longer than broad in ventral view, with some long setae ventrally which extend far beyond apex of spine. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF8ACE3F4F855698AD83A9FB" box="[399,485,1743,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8ACE3F4ECD56A4A87BA8F7" blockId="59.[151,1437,1491,2021]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF8ACE3F4F1956A4ADD5A81F" box="[275,435,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 183–191" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[253,1317,564,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-192@56.[249,1338,558,1906]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 183–191. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 183–186, head, female: 183, frontal view, 184, dorsal view, 185, lateral view, 186, posterior view. 187, antenna, female, part. 188–190, head, male: 188, frontal view, 189, dorsal view, 190, lateral view. 191, antenna, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601902/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 188–191</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF8ACE3F4FC856A4AE41A81F" box="[450,551,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 196–199" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,611,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-199@58.[151,1437,597,1930]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 196–199. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 196, metascutellum and propodeum, female, posterodorsal view. 197–199, male: 197, mesosoma, lateral view, 198, mesosoma, dorsal view, 199, metascutellum and propodeum, postero-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601908/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">197–199</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF8ACE3F4C3F56A4AE02A81F" box="[565,612,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 200–202" captionStartId="59.[151,264,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[157,1418,203,1347]" captionTargetId="figure-21@59.[151,1435,199,1361]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 200–202. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 200–201, metasoma, female: 200, lateral view, 201, ventral view. 202, metasoma, male, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601910/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">202</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to female but head, antenna, mesosoma, metasoma uniformly brown; mandibles light brown, mouthparts and legs uniformly yellow. Head transverse in frontal view; ocelli bigger than in female; malar space with striae, radiating from clypeus and reaching eye margin; ocelli elevated. Antenna as long as body, with 13 flagellomeres; scape+pedicel as long as F1, F1 slightly curved and broadened apically, longer than F2; F13 shorter than F12; placodeal sensilla on all flagellomeres. Metasoma shorter than mesosoma; 2nd metasomal tergum in the form of a narrow long petiole; metasomal tergum 3 longer than all subsequent terga together; all terga smooth, without micropunctures. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF8ACE3F4D67579CAFA5A8F7" box="[877,963,1995,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8DCE384ECD50C1AC94AE0E" blockId="60.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384ECD50C1AD67AFA2" bold="true" box="[199,257,150,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gall.</emphasis>
|
||
The sexual generation galls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF8DCE384C4150C1AECAAFA2" box="[587,684,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 203–204" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1208,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-457@60.[151,1435,1208,1905]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 203–204. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch. 203, asexual gall. 204, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601912/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 204</figureCitation>
|
||
) occur
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384CF550C1AF6CAFA2" bold="true" box="[767,778,150,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">s</emphasis>
|
||
ingly in terminal buds of twigs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384A8250C0A954AFA2" box="[1160,1330,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384A8250C0A954AFA2" box="[1160,1330,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The gall is a relatively robust, seed-like, sub-ovoid cell approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF8DCE384D4A50EDAFE6AFC7" box="[832,896,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, dark brown when mature with longitudinal striations. Occupies the entire bud when mature, causing stunting or suppression of shoots and leaves produced from the bud.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF8DCE384ECD5171ADA8AD72" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8DCE384ECD5171ADA8AD72" blockId="60.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384ECD5171AD41AE52" bold="true" box="[199,295,294,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384F625171AD9CAE53" author="Fitch, A." box="[360,506,294,321]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="781 - 854" refId="ref39355" refString="Fitch, A. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 854." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch (1859)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384C015171AEC4AE52" author="Weld, L. H." box="[523,674,294,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref44800" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922 a) Notes on Cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61 (2439), 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld (1922a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384CB85171AE88AE53" author="Weld, L. H." box="[690,750,294,321]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384D365171AFBDAE52" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[828,987,294,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384DE65171A843AE53" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1004,1061,294,321]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for the biology of the asexual generation. Asexual generation galls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF8DCE384C43511DAECDAE76" box="[585,683,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 203–204" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1208,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-457@60.[151,1435,1208,1905]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 203–204. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch. 203, asexual gall. 204, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601912/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 203</figureCitation>
|
||
) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384CD6511DAFF5AE77" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[732,915,330,357]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey’s (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384DA3511DA871AE76" box="[937,1047,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384DA3511DA871AE76" box="[937,1047,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” complex have been recorded on leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384F0A5138AD35AE9A" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[256,339,366,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384F0A5138AD72AE9B" box="[256,276,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Q</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384F2B5139AD35AE9A" box="[289,339,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384F6A5138ADB0AE9A" box="[352,470,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384F6A5138ADB4AE9A" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[352,466,366,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">Q. bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384FD65138AE15AE9A" box="[476,627,366,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chapmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384FD65138AD96AE9B" box="[476,496,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Q</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384FF75139AE15AE9A" box="[509,627,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">chapmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384C8A5138AF1DAE9A" box="[640,891,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384C8A5138AF60AE9A" box="[640,774,366,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">Q. gambelii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384D1A5138AF11AE9A" box="[784,887,366,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyrata">Q. lyrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384D8B5138A84BAE9A" box="[897,1069,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384D8B5138AFF3AE9B" box="[897,917,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Q</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384DA85138A84BAE9A" box="[930,1069,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384A275138A9FAAE9A" box="[1069,1436,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384A3D5138A8AFAE9A" box="[1079,1225,366,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michauxii">Q. michauxii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384AD95138A9FFAE9A" box="[1235,1433,366,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muehlenbergii">Q. muehlenbergii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384ECD51C4AD22AEBE" box="[199,324,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384ECD51C4AD59AEBE" box="[199,319,402,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">Q. stellata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384F5951C5AD81AEBE" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[339,487,402,428]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384FF951C5AE48AEBE" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[499,558,402,428]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384C3151C5AEA7AEBE" author="Burks, B. D." box="[571,705,402,428]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Asexual generation females only begin to emerge from galls in the autumn of the year following the year of gall formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384D3951E1AFA0AEC2" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[819,966,438,464]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and we recorded females emerging up to four years after the year of gall formation.Adult females of the asexual generation (from galls collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384B3B518DA9FAAEE6" box="[1329,1436,474,500]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
but reared in Edmonton) emerged during the second half of October and early November. Sexual generation galls matured in May in Edmonton, and adults emerged
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FF8DCE384CED5275AFF3AD2E" box="[743,917,546,573]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2008-06-01" valueMax="2008-06-03" valueMin="2008-06-01">1–3 June 2008</date>
|
||
. Galls of the asexual generation appeared on leaves in Edmonton in July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF8DCE384ECD523DAE77AC4E" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8DCE384ECD523DAE7DADBA" blockId="60.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384ECD523DAD3FAD96" bold="true" box="[199,345,618,644]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF8DCE384F64523DADCCAD96" box="[366,426,618,644]" name="United States of America" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384FB1523CAE51AD96" box="[443,567,618,645]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384C42523DAED0AD96" box="[584,694,618,644]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384CCD523CAF5BAD97" box="[711,829,619,645]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384D44523DAFC6AD96" box="[846,928,618,644]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384DB8523CA865AD97" box="[946,1027,619,645]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384A12523DA8C0AD96" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1048,1190,618,644]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF8DCE384ACB523DA97FAD96" box="[1217,1305,618,644]" name="Canada" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384B20523DA9FEAD96" box="[1322,1432,618,644]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384E9D52D9AC89ADBA" box="[151,239,654,680]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384EF152D9AD35ADBA" box="[251,339,654,680]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384F5452D8AE71ADBA" box="[350,535,654,681]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8DCE384ECD52E5AE77AC4E" blockId="60.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384ECD52E5ADA1ADDE" bold="true" box="[199,455,690,716]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Molecular taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Alternate sexual and asexual generations were proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384A8E52E5A958ADDE" author="Digweed, S." box="[1156,1342,690,716]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="213 - 218" refId="ref38923" refString="Digweed, S. (2010) Diversity of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) in southern Manitoba. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada, 42 (4), 213 - 218." type="journal article" year="2010">Digweed (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and are herein confirmed on the basis of similarity in cytb and ITS2 sequence data generated for four individuals (three asexual females, one sexual female). Cytb sequences were on average 1.04% divergent (range 0.69–1.39%; GenBank accessions
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF8DCE384F1C5349ADFCAC2B" box="[278,410,798,825]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321652" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">OM321652</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF8DCE384FA35349AE4AAC2B" box="[425,556,798,825]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321655" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">OM321655</accessionNumber>
|
||
). Two ITS2 alleles were observed across the four individuals that differed by 0.20% (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF8DCE384EE45315AD17AC4E" box="[238,369,834,860]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331841" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">OM331841</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF8DCE384F8A5315AE63AC4E" box="[384,517,834,860]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331844" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">OM331844</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF8DCE384ECD5331A859ABB3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF8DCE384ECD5331A859ABB3" blockId="60.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384ECD5331AD29AC92" bold="true" box="[199,335,870,896]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384F525331AD9DAC92" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[344,507,870,896]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384C8C5331A877AC92" authority="Bassett, 1900" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1900" box="[646,1041,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryophanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384C8C5331AF09AC92" box="[646,879,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Dryophanta pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384D725330A877AC92" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[888,1041,870,897]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="310 - 336" refId="ref37510" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1900) New species of North American Cynipidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 310 - 336." type="journal article" year="1900">Bassett, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384A335331A8FEAC92" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1859" box="[1081,1176,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384A335331A8FEAC92" box="[1081,1176,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Philonix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and proposed it as the sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384F8253DCAE72ACB6" box="[392,532,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384F8253DCAE72ACB6" box="[392,532,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although no justification for this synonymy was provided.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384ACF53DDA935ACB7" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1221,1363,906,933]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref45233" refString="Weld, L. H. (1959) Cynipid galls of the Eastern United States. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 124 pp." type="book" year="1959">Weld (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384EC053F8AD26ACDA" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1900" box="[202,320,942,968]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryophanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384EC053F8AD26ACDA" box="[202,320,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be well a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384C9E53F8AF37ACDA" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[660,849,942,969]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384C9E53F8AF37ACDA" box="[660,849,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Acraspis gemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384D6B53F9A8DFACDA" author="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G." box="[865,1209,942,968]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="150 - 190" refId="ref41548" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2002) Review of the world genera of oak cynipid wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). In: Melika, G. & Thuroczy, C. (Eds.), Parasitic Wasps: Evolution, Systematics, Biodiversity and Biological Control. Agroinform. Budapest, pp. 150 - 190." type="book chapter" year="2002">Melika & Abrahamson (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compared the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF8DCE384B6E53F9AD6AACFE" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384F3A5384ADC5ACFE" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1900" box="[304,419,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryophanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384F3A5384ADC5ACFE" box="[304,419,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from Beutenmueller collection, USNM,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF8DCE384D7E5385AF9AACFE" box="[884,1020,978,1004]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, DC) with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB880BFF8DCE384A975384A96EACFF" box="[1181,1288,979,1005]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of the sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384F2553A0ADF9AB02" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[303,415,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384F2553A0ADF9AB02" box="[303,415,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">A. gemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and found no differences, thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384CFC53A1AFD5AB02" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[758,947,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384CFC53A1AFD5AB02" box="[758,947,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Philonix pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was synonymized with
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384AB153A0A954AB02" box="[1211,1330,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384AB153A0A948AB02" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1211,1326,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemula">A. gemula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF8DCE384B3D53A1AC84AB26" author="Digweed, S." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="213 - 218" refId="ref38923" refString="Digweed, S. (2010) Diversity of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) in southern Manitoba. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada, 42 (4), 213 - 218." type="journal article" year="2010">Digweed (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384F36544DAE50AB27" authority="(Weld)" baseAuthorityName="Weld" box="[316,566,1050,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384F36544DADB9AB26" box="[316,479,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Philonix gigas</emphasis>
|
||
(Weld)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384C4B544DAFE7AB27" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[577,897,1050,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384C4B544DAF72AB26" box="[577,788,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Philonix insulensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384DB1544DA8AAAB27" authority="(Gillette)" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[955,1228,1050,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384DB1544DA838AB26" box="[955,1118,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Philonix nigra</emphasis>
|
||
(Gillette)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384B82544CAD63AB4A" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384B82544CAD63AB4A" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although without formal synonymization. Molecular analysis, however, shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384ACE5468A929AB4A" box="[1220,1359,1086,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384ACE5468A929AB4A" box="[1220,1359,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384B825468ACB2AB6E" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384B825468ACB2AB6E" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinct species. Two cytb haplotypes obtained from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384D425434AFC6AB6E" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[840,928,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384D425434AFC6AB6E" box="[840,928,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GenBank
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF8DCE384A155435A8CFAB6E" box="[1055,1193,1122,1148]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW388894" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">MW388894</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF8DCE384AB95435A950AB6F" box="[1203,1334,1122,1149]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321656" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">OM321656</accessionNumber>
|
||
) were on average 3.46% divergent (range 3.00–3.93%) from cytb haplotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF8DCE384DA454D0A85EABB2" box="[942,1080,1158,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF8DCE384DA454D0A85EABB2" box="[942,1080,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. fulvicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |