240 lines
31 KiB
XML
240 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D697A98D9C4A1482720D3D08FE92B53E">Three new synonymies in Phyllophaga Harris, 1827 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with lectotype and neotype designations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C8277C137C49957206A29C5D314E4F1">Schnepp, Kyle E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="53FDA38CD8526E2E0D6F6292FB944B7E">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C57963DF96B65C5C4D032B72C0C46B94">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="00B4E5D3AEA2B4492C7DA2A5FDBA62C6">2019-12-23</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="191C4673114E0B33295A636FF15CE072" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3676640</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D34E033B1FC6A8E8A2F1D782BA5C0778" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E98787FFF50A34FF53C6EDFD3DFAD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681515" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681515" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E98787FFF50A34FF53C6EDFD3DFAD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E98787FFF50A34FF53C6EDFD3DFAD6" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C35A651AFFF50A34FF53C6EDFD0AFF22" box="[192,674,217,241]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF3691FFF50A34FF53C6EDFD0AFF22" blockId="4.[192,674,217,274]" box="[192,674,217,241]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0B781FDFFF50A34FF53C6EDFD0AFF22" bold="true" box="[192,674,217,241]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FF53C6EDFD0AFF22" authority="(Horn, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[192,674,217,241]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FF53C6EDFD0AFF22" bold="true" box="[192,674,217,241]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FF53C6EDFE5BFF22" bold="true" box="[192,499,217,241]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Phyllophaga bipartita</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FD90C6EDFD32FF22" author="Horn, G. H." box="[515,666,217,241]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="209 - 296" refId="ref3306" refString="Horn, G. H. 1887. Revision of the species of Lachnosterna of America north of Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 14: 209 - 296." type="journal article" year="1887">Horn, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A651AFFF50A34FF53C6CEFE02FEC1" box="[192,426,249,274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFF3691FFF50A34FF53C6CEFE02FEC1" blockId="4.[192,674,217,274]" box="[192,426,249,274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<figureCitation id="137B2A14FFF50A34FF53C6CEFEFCFEC2" box="[192,340,249,274]" captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="6.[192,287,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[369,1328,213,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[369,1328,213,1651]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1–6. Male genitalia of Phyllophaga type specimens. 1) Phyllophaga sociata, lectotype. 2) Phyllophaga knausii, lectotype. 3) Phyllophaga rugosa, neotype. 4) Phyllophaga chippewa, holotype. 5) Phyllophaga bipartita, lectotype. 6) Phyllophaga falta, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676642/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figures 5–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A14FFF50A34FEF3C6CEFE02FEC1" box="[352,426,250,274]" captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="7.[192,287,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[192,1445,213,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1445,213,1629]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 7–12. Specimen labels of Phyllophaga type specimens. 7) Phyllophaga sociata, lectotype. 8) Phyllophaga knausii, lectotype. 9) Phyllophaga rugosa, neotype. 10) Phyllophaga chippewa, holotype. 11) Phyllophaga bipartita, lectotype. 12) Phyllophaga falta, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676644/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">11–12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A651AFFF50A34FF53C711FBA4FEA6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFF3691FFF50A34FF53C711FBCBFEE8" blockId="4.[192,1123,293,373]" box="[192,1123,293,315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5011BFFFF50A34FF53C711FBCBFEE8" box="[192,1123,293,315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FF53C711FDDEFEE9" ID-CoL="3RQ57" authority="Horn 1887: 242" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityPageNumber="242" authorityYear="1887" box="[192,630,293,315]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FF53C711FE69FEE9" box="[192,449,293,314]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Lachnosterna bipartita</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE11080FFF50A34FE5BC712FDDEFEE9" author="Horn, G. H." box="[456,630,293,315]" page="242" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FE5BC712FDDEFEE9" author="Horn, G. H." box="[456,630,293,315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="209 - 296" refId="ref3306" refString="Horn, G. H. 1887. Revision of the species of Lachnosterna of America north of Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 14: 209 - 296." type="journal article" year="1887">Horn 1887: 242</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FD13C711FD56FEE9" bold="true" box="[640,766,293,314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="54FB8833FFF50A34FD13C711FD56FEE9" box="[640,766,293,314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: MCZ,
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FCC3C711FBB0FEE8" bold="true" box="[848,1048,293,315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">here designated</emphasis>
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, male.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF3691FFF50A34FF53C776FD74FE84" blockId="4.[192,1123,293,373]" box="[192,732,322,344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5011BFFFF50A34FF53C776FD74FE84" box="[192,732,322,344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FF53C776FE56FE8B" authority="(Horn)" baseAuthorityName="Horn" box="[192,510,322,344]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biparita">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FF53C776FE03FE84" box="[192,427,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Phyllophaga biparita</emphasis>
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(Horn)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE11080FFF50A34FD9BC776FD70FE84" author="Glasgow, R. D." box="[520,728,322,344]" page="373" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FD9BC776FD70FE84" author="Glasgow, R. D." box="[520,728,322,344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="365 - 379" refId="ref3117" refString="Glasgow, R. D. 1916. Phyllophaga Harris (Lachnosterna Hope): A revision of the synonymy, and one new name. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 11 (5): 365 - 379." type="journal article" year="1916">
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<collectingRegion id="4984F873FFF50A34FD9BC776FDCEFE8B" box="[520,614,322,344]" country="United Kingdom" name="Glasgow City" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Glasgow</collectingRegion>
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1916: 373
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF3691FFF50A34FF53C76BFBA4FEA6" blockId="4.[192,1123,293,373]" box="[192,1036,351,373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5011BFFFF50A34FF53C76BFBA4FEA6" box="[192,1036,351,373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FF53C76BFDC1FEA7" authority="Sanderson 1950: 92" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="1950" box="[192,617,351,373]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falta">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FF53C76BFE2CFEA7" box="[192,388,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Phyllophaga falta</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE11080FFF50A34FE18C76BFDC1FEA7" author="Sanderson, M. W." box="[395,617,351,373]" page="92" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1950">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FE18C76BFDC1FEA7" author="Sanderson, M. W." box="[395,617,351,373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="90 - 93" refId="ref3642" refString="Sanderson, M. W. 1950. New North American Phyllophaga (Scarabaeidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 23 (3): 90 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Sanderson 1950: 92</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FDE1C76BFC85FEA7" bold="true" box="[626,813,351,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">New synonymy</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54FB8833FFF50A34FCA9C754FCDDFEA6" box="[826,885,352,373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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: INHS, male.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A651AFFF50A34FF7BC7BFFD3DFAD6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFF3691FFF50A34FF7BC7BFFB9AFB96" blockId="4.[192,1441,395,1285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FF7BC7BFFDA8FE70" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[232,512,395,419]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FF7BC7BFFDA8FE70" box="[232,512,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Lachnosterna bipartita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FD49C7BFFCC3FE70" author="Horn, G. H." box="[730,875,395,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="209 - 296" refId="ref3306" refString="Horn, G. H. 1887. Revision of the species of Lachnosterna of America north of Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 14: 209 - 296." type="journal article" year="1887">Horn (1887)</bibRefCitation>
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from “
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<collectingRegion id="4984F873FFF50A34FC2EC7BFFBB1FE70" box="[957,1049,395,419]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Kansas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4984F873FFF50A34FBB7C7BFFB36FE70" box="[1060,1182,395,419]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="4984F873FFF50A34FB4BC7BFFA8BFE70" box="[1240,1315,395,419]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Texas</collectingRegion>
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.”
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<collectingRegion id="4984F873FFF50A34FAABC7BFFA08FE70" box="[1336,1440,395,419]" country="United Kingdom" name="Glasgow City" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Glasgow</collectingRegion>
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resurrected
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FEC2C79FFE42FE10" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1827" box="[337,490,427,451]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FEC2C79FFE42FE10" box="[337,490,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Phyllophaga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in 1916 and included this species in the genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FB88C79FFB5BFE10" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1950" box="[1051,1267,427,451]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falta">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FB88C79FFB5BFE10" box="[1051,1267,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Phyllophaga falta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FF70C7FFFE1EFE30" author="Sanderson, M. W." box="[227,438,459,483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="90 - 93" refId="ref3642" refString="Sanderson, M. W. 1950. New North American Phyllophaga (Scarabaeidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 23 (3): 90 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Sanderson (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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from a single male collected in Fayetteville,
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<collectingRegion id="4984F873FFF50A34FC5FC7FFFBE9FE30" box="[972,1089,459,483]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A14FFF50A34FBC3C7FFFB0DFE30" box="[1104,1189,459,483]" captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="7.[192,287,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[192,1445,213,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1445,213,1629]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 7–12. Specimen labels of Phyllophaga type specimens. 7) Phyllophaga sociata, lectotype. 8) Phyllophaga knausii, lectotype. 9) Phyllophaga rugosa, neotype. 10) Phyllophaga chippewa, holotype. 11) Phyllophaga bipartita, lectotype. 12) Phyllophaga falta, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676644/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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||
). Externally,
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FADBC7F8FA08FE30" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1950" box="[1352,1440,459,483]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falta">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FADBC7F8FA08FE30" box="[1352,1440,459,483]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. falta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FEC6C7D8FDF0FDD0" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[341,600,491,515]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">
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<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FEC6C7D8FE62FDD0" box="[341,458,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. fervida</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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, as stated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FD6BC7DFFC67FDD0" author="Sanderson, M. W." box="[760,975,491,515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="90 - 93" refId="ref3642" refString="Sanderson, M. W. 1950. New North American Phyllophaga (Scarabaeidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 23 (3): 90 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Sanderson (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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, with the only notable difference being the origin of a ridge on the penultimate sternite of the male. This is, however, the same ridge found in some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FE26C418FDEAFD90" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[437,578,555,579]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FE26C418FDEAFD90" box="[437,578,555,579]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. bipartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is a wide variation in development of this ridge, from virtually non-existent to heavily sclerotized and projecting to the apex of the segment. Externally, there are no differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FE2BC458FDB9FD50" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1950" box="[440,529,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FE2BC458FDB9FD50" box="[440,529,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. falta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FCADC458FC62FD50" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[830,970,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FCADC458FC62FD50" box="[830,970,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. bipartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is considerable variation in the development of sclerotized parts of the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FCFAC4B8FC5CFD70" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[873,1012,651,675]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FCFAC4B8FC5CFD70" box="[873,1012,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. bipartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FB0AC4B8FEA4FD10" author="Luginbill, P. & H. R. Painter" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref3417" refString="Luginbill, P., and H. R. Painter. 1953. May beetles of the United States and Canada. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1060: 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1953">Luginbill and Painter (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FEDBC498FD0CFD17" author="Ratcliffe, B. C. & M. J. Paulsen" box="[328,676,684,708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 570" refId="ref3538" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C., and M. J. Paulsen. 2008. The scarabaeoid beetles of Nebraska. Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 22: 1 - 570." type="journal article" year="2008">Ratcliffe and Paulsen (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, including projections on the parameres as well as the internal sac. Southwestern populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FDC6C4F8FD48FD30" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[597,736,715,739]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FDC6C4F8FD48FD30" box="[597,736,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. bipartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the left paramere (when viewed with parameres face on, as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A14FFF50A34FEA2C4D8FEDEFCD7" box="[305,374,748,772]" captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="6.[192,287,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[369,1328,213,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[369,1328,213,1651]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1–6. Male genitalia of Phyllophaga type specimens. 1) Phyllophaga sociata, lectotype. 2) Phyllophaga knausii, lectotype. 3) Phyllophaga rugosa, neotype. 4) Phyllophaga chippewa, holotype. 5) Phyllophaga bipartita, lectotype. 6) Phyllophaga falta, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676642/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) lacking a strongly hamate structure, instead they look similar to the right paramere. Specimens from the central and eastern portion of this species range have an enlarged hook structure, as well as having a forward projecting process of varying size on the right paramere. The internal sac of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FF4CC578FEC6FCB7" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[223,366,844,868]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FF4CC578FEC6FCB7" box="[223,366,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. bipartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also quite variable, some have a pair of heavily sclerotized patches with a series of spinules on the apex, while others have a lightly sclerotized strip with no spinules where these patches would be. There are also two patches of short spines of varying development on the bottom of the sac at the base; some specimens have patches not unlike those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FC2FC599FBBFFC17" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1950" box="[956,1047,940,964]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FC2FC599FBBFFC17" box="[956,1047,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. falta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These patches are occasionally strongly developed and each appear as a single large, dark, spinose section. There are also specimens that fall between these two extremes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FD16C5D8FCF5FBD7" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1950" box="[645,861,1004,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FD16C5D8FCF5FBD7" box="[645,861,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Phyllophaga falta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A14FFF50A34FCF8C5D8FC07FBD7" box="[875,943,1004,1028]" captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="6.[192,287,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[369,1328,213,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[369,1328,213,1651]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1–6. Male genitalia of Phyllophaga type specimens. 1) Phyllophaga sociata, lectotype. 2) Phyllophaga knausii, lectotype. 3) Phyllophaga rugosa, neotype. 4) Phyllophaga chippewa, holotype. 5) Phyllophaga bipartita, lectotype. 6) Phyllophaga falta, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676642/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) appears to be one of the many variations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FF4EC239FEC0FBF7" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[221,360,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FF4EC239FEC0FBF7" box="[221,360,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. bipartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, just with strongly reduced parameres. Since the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB8833FFF50A34FC56C239FC52FBF6" box="[965,1018,1037,1061]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FB8EC239FBDEFBF7" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1950" box="[1053,1142,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Phyllophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FB8EC239FBDEFBF7" box="[1053,1142,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. falta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls within the range of external variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FE51C219FDE6FB97" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[450,590,1068,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FE51C219FDE6FB97" box="[450,590,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P. bipartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the two species are here synonymized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF3691FFF50A34FF7BC279FD3DFAD6" blockId="4.[192,1441,395,1285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
After examining the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FD18C279FCBFFBB7" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[651,791,1100,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FD18C279FD35FBB7" box="[651,669,1101,1124]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FD38C278FCBFFBB7" box="[683,791,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">bipartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB8833FFF50A34FCEDC279FC44FBB6" box="[894,1004,1101,1125]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A14FFF50A34FC68C279FBE8FBB6" box="[1019,1088,1101,1125]" captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="6.[192,287,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[369,1328,213,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[369,1328,213,1651]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1–6. Male genitalia of Phyllophaga type specimens. 1) Phyllophaga sociata, lectotype. 2) Phyllophaga knausii, lectotype. 3) Phyllophaga rugosa, neotype. 4) Phyllophaga chippewa, holotype. 5) Phyllophaga bipartita, lectotype. 6) Phyllophaga falta, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676642/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) is here designated to fix the name to a single specimen to allow comparison to other types. Label data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A14FFF50A34FBD6C259FB30FB56" box="[1093,1176,1133,1157]" captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="7.[192,287,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[192,1445,213,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1445,213,1629]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 7–12. Specimen labels of Phyllophaga type specimens. 7) Phyllophaga sociata, lectotype. 8) Phyllophaga knausii, lectotype. 9) Phyllophaga rugosa, neotype. 10) Phyllophaga chippewa, holotype. 11) Phyllophaga bipartita, lectotype. 12) Phyllophaga falta, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676644/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) are as follows: “Kan. //
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD18FFF50A34FF4AC2B9FF45FB77" box="[217,237,1165,1188]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
// [handwritten label] L./ bipartita/ Horn // MCZ-ENT/ 00008066 //
|
||
<date id="FFFE1051FFF50A34FBAEC2B9FB5AFB76" box="[1085,1266,1165,1189]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2005-01" valueMax="2005-07-31" valueMin="2005-01-00">Jan.–Jul. 2005</date>
|
||
/ MCZ Image/ Database // [on red] TYPE No. [handwritten] 3673/ [handwritten]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FC5FC299FBD9FB16" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[972,1137,1197,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lachnosterna</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ [handwritten] bipartita/ G. H. Horn // [on red] MCZ TYPE/ [handwritten] 8066 // [on red]
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB8833FFF50A34FC59C2F9FBD8FB36" box="[970,1136,1229,1253]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D12FFF50A34FBECC2F9FA30FB36" authorityName="Horn. A" authorityYear="1887" box="[1151,1432,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lachnosterna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA83FFF50A34FBECC2F9FA30FB36" box="[1151,1432,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Lachnosterna bipartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B60FFF50A34FF53C2DAFEEFFAD6" author="Horn, G. H." box="[192,327,1261,1285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="209 - 296" refId="ref3306" refString="Horn, G. H. 1887. Revision of the species of Lachnosterna of America north of Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 14: 209 - 296." type="journal article" year="1887">Horn, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ Det: K. E. Schnepp 2018”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |