235 lines
25 KiB
XML
235 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="39D6B5FF18F219DFE02BCDE8C46EC19D" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.1.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="887d93ae-26dc-4192-87d4-5396e561df0f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="160280" ID-ZooBank="011B74BE-40C0-4606-9354-C637F83C3E43" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476253530258" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shattuck, Steve & Cover, Stefan" docDate="2016" docId="03E5E90BFF8B233CFF3C98E6FAE5718C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4175.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4175 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aphaenogaster occidentalis Emery 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFDC9173FF882338FFAB9D09FFC47079" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of some little-understood North American ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="10" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698389545208" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="A8D0A8B7DB836E39D4713ACE3B38E7F1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F7F8AB35A3F1F461B598CDE8C9818374">
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<mods:title id="AD2767DB5542196A50FB8F3814D30B0D">Taxonomy of some little-understood North American ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BB180E33666861124A363C399F15F68D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A584B9786A84D9942AA62E556AE70C07">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C1158B3824CC876B218AFEBFD249F593">Shattuck, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B4E99F25752D54A268253CF621012BB7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5D265B7A8E8E6CD0005E1321A8964914">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E74730C6C32316DB3FDAA2DB3728A14A">Cover, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B226AADE01D2007231A414F7375B5F99">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0DDEAC670919DBAF786A9743684AF77D">
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<mods:title id="697B2B06936DDFC0666535F4AA55E264">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5F5219E79A9C3DA8332260D6D2DF93D3">
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<mods:date id="450B34D410BC473B05D4B62125C33157">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8FB3DE820C0849D329616E9B27C62B13" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9F97CBF7EF71AE5C659D4584EAAB7D45">4175</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AA93B4BD810FB66F7364337E18000B00" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="0DF8B63FA0F1D7362A29DFFBCBC91CE3">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="27B4DF806C209B0D4EA53E6B8A31DB04" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4175.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2152ED854BC572FC4AEF0C519E96579B" type="GBIF-Dataset">887d93ae-26dc-4192-87d4-5396e561df0f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FEE22F216176EE07E3B216E35F8B33FC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E5E90BFF8B233CFF3C98E6FAE5718C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6062948" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6062948" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF8B233CFF3C98E6FAE5718C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E5E90BFF8B233CFF3C98E6FAE5718C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8B233BFF3C98E6FD407671" box="[151,644,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8B233BFF3C98E6FD407671" blockId="3.[151,1437,1519,2013]" box="[151,644,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0BBEF71FF8B233BFF3C98E6FD407671" bold="true" box="[151,644,1519,1544]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8B233BFF3C98E6FD407671" ID-CoL="F9VT" authority="Emery, 1895" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,644,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFF3C98E6FD407671" bold="true" box="[151,644,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFF3C98E6FE107671" bold="true" box="[151,468,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Aphaenogaster occidentalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8B233BFE4898E6FDBF7671" author="Emery" box="[483,635,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" refString="Emery, C. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. (Schluss). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 8, 257 - 360." type="journal article" year="1895">Emery, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8B233BFF6C9B1CFBDC7751" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8B233BFF6C9B1CFB1076C4" blockId="3.[151,1437,1519,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C7F33FF8B233BFF6C9B1CFB1076C4" infered="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF8B233BFF6C9B1CFDB27629" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541032" latitude="46.733334" location="Pullman" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="-117.183334" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="syntype">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8B233BFF6C9B1CFBD87655" authority="Emery, 1895: 301" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="301" authorityYear="1895" box="[199,1052,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subterraneum" subGenus="Aphaenogaster" subSpecies="occidentale">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFF6C9B1CFEFF7655" box="[199,315,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Stenamma</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFEFB9B1DFE3D7654" box="[336,505,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFDBB9B1DFCFD7654" box="[528,825,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">subterraneum occidentale</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AED7E0CFF8B233BFCED9B1CFBD87655" author="Emery" box="[838,1052,1556,1581]" page="301" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" year="1895">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8B233BFCED9B1CFC1B7654" author="Emery" box="[838,991,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" refString="Emery, C. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. (Schluss). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 8, 257 - 360." type="journal article" year="1895">Emery, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 301
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF8B233BFB869B1DFB4D7655" box="[1069,1161,1556,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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or
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<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF8B233BFB129B1DFADF7654" box="[1209,1307,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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worker(s),
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<location id="8E930EC6FF8B233BFF3C9B3EFF337629" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF8B233CFF3C98E6FAE5718C:8E930EC6FF8B233BFF3C9B3EFF337629" box="[151,247,1591,1616]" latitude="46.733334" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="-117.183334" name="Pullman" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Washington">Pullman</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFEA99B3EFE437629" box="[258,391,1591,1616]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Washington</collectingRegion>
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[
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF8B233BFE389B3EFE307629" box="[403,500,1591,1616]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="46.733334">46°44′N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF8B233BFE519B3EFDAB7629" box="[506,623,1591,1616]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-117.183334">117°11′W</geoCoordinate>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF8B233BFD2B9B3EFB4276E1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541037" collectorName="T. Pergande & Museo Civico di Storia Naturale & Genoa" country="United States of America" county="Lardeau" latitude="50.15" location="Kootenay Lake" longLatPrecision="1099" longitude="-116.95" municipality="Lardo" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-worker="13" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF8B233BFD2B9B3EFCD27629" box="[640,790,1591,1616]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">United States</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF8B233BFC8F9B31FC687629" box="[804,940,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">T. Pergande</collectorName>
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) (probably
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF8B233BFB879B31FA5C7629" box="[1068,1432,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Museo Civico di Storia Naturale</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF8B233BFF3C9B55FF27760D" box="[151,227,1628,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Genoa</collectorName>
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||
, not seen) [
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<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF8B233BFEC19B54FE6C760C" box="[362,424,1629,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">types</typeStatus>
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||
of junior synonym
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8B233BFD3B9B55FB53760C" authority="Wheeler, W.M. 1915" authorityName="Wheeler, W.M." authorityYear="1915" box="[656,1175,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subterranea" subSpecies="borealis">
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||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFD3B9B55FC5A760C" box="[656,926,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">A. subterranea borealis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8B233BFC039B55FB53760C" author="Wheeler" box="[936,1175,1628,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) Some additions to the North American ant-fauna. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 34, 389 - 421." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, W.M. 1915</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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examined:
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<specimenCount id="9D4A9394FF8B233BFAB49B55FF3076E1" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" type="worker" typeStatus="syntype">13 syntype workers</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<collectingCounty id="62922091FF8B233BFEAE9B76FEA576E1" box="[261,353,1663,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Lardeau</collectingCounty>
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||
(as
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B97C267FF8B233BFE309B76FE2676E1" box="[411,482,1663,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Lardo</collectingMunicipality>
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||
),
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||
<location id="8E930EC6FF8B233BFE509B89FD7476E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF8B233CFF3C98E6FAE5718C:8E930EC6FF8B233BFE509B89FD7476E1" box="[507,688,1663,1688]" country="United States of America" county="Lardeau" latitude="50.15" longLatPrecision="1099" longitude="-116.95" municipality="Lardo" name="Kootenay Lake" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="British Columbia">Kootenay Lake</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFD6A9B76FC4D76E1" box="[705,905,1663,1688]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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||
[
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF8B233BFC379B76FC3976E1" box="[924,1021,1663,1688]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="50.15">50°09′N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF8B233BFBA29B76FB4476E1" box="[1033,1152,1663,1688]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-116.95">116°57′W</geoCoordinate>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF8B233BFB339B76FB1076C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541029" collectorName="J. C. Bradley" country="Canada" location="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF8B233BFB339B76FB2876E1" box="[1176,1260,1663,1688]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Canada</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF8B233BFAA99B89FA5076E1" box="[1282,1428,1663,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">J.C. Bradley</collectorName>
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) (Museum of Comparative Zoology) [http://www.antwiki.org/wiki/
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8B233BFCD29BADFBE376C4" ID-CoL="Y85" box="[889,1063,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphaenogaster</taxonomicName>
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||
_
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8B233BFB9D9BADFB7B76C4" ID-CoL="F9VT" box="[1078,1215,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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||
]].
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8B233BFF6C9BCEFBDC7751" blockId="3.[151,1437,1519,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C7F33FF8B233BFF6C9BCEFBDC7751" infered="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8B233BFF6C9BCEFC677699" ID-CoL="5FPMZ" authority="Wheeler, W.M., 1915: 411" authorityName="Wheeler, W.M." authorityPageNumber="411" authorityYear="1915" box="[199,931,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subterranea" subSpecies="valida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFF6C9BCEFD9C7699" box="[199,600,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Aphaenogaster subterranea valida</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AED7E0CFF8B233BFDCE9BCEFC677699" author="Wheeler" box="[613,931,1735,1760]" page="411" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" year="1915">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8B233BFDCE9BCEFCA27699" author="Wheeler" box="[613,870,1735,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) Some additions to the North American ant-fauna. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 34, 389 - 421." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, W.M., 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 411
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Worker, queen and male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF8B233BFB4E9BC1FA8E7699" box="[1253,1354,1736,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, North Cheyenne Cañon, near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFE6A9BE5FDED777C" box="[449,553,1772,1797]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
Springs [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF8B233BFD079BE5FCC8777C" box="[684,780,1772,1797]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="38.8">38°48′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF8B233BFCB49BE5FC52777C" box="[799,918,1772,1797]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-104.88333">104°53′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFC1F9BE5FBD8777C" box="[948,1052,1772,1797]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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||
(W.M. Wheeler) (Museum of Comparative Zoology) [http://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ent:20609].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8B233CFF6C9A3DFD967164" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8B233CFF6C9A3DFD967164" blockId="3.[151,1437,1519,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF8B233BFF6C9A3DFE0777C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541033" location="California and Nevada" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California and Nevada">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8B233BFF6C9A3DFE487734" author="Creighton" box="[199,396,1844,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8B233BFDB19A3DFD077734" box="[538,707,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFDB19A3DFD077734" box="[538,707,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">A. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8B233BFCAA9A3DFCAE7734" box="[769,874,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFCAA9A3DFCAE7734" box="[769,874,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">A. valida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be geographic “races” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8B233BFB159A3DFAAC7734" box="[1214,1384,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8B233BFB159A3DFAAC7734" box="[1214,1384,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">A. subterranea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the former occurring from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFE1B9A5EFD797709" box="[432,701,1879,1904]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">California and Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
northward through
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFC199A51FB147709" box="[946,1232,1879,1904]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Oregon and Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
and into
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFAFB9A5EFEC177EC" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
while the latter occurred from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFDD79A75FC5677EC" box="[636,914,1916,1941]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Colorado and Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
northward into
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFBF89A74FB7377ED" box="[1107,1207,1917,1940]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
and then west into southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFF559AA9FE0777C0" box="[254,451,1952,1977]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF8B233CFE659AA8FD967164" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541020" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="14" location="British Columbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia">
|
||
He reported a broad area of integration between the two forms, from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFB789AA9FA5C77C0" box="[1235,1432,1952,1977]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFF5B9ACDFEBC77A4" box="[240,376,1988,2013]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFE5B9ACDFDF477A4" box="[496,560,1988,2013]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8B233BFD659ACCFCF077A5" box="[718,820,1989,2012]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="3" pageNumber="13">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where they showed greatly increased variability. He separated the two based on size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8C233CFDAF9D91FDAD70C9" box="[516,617,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8C233CFDAF9D91FDAD70C9" box="[516,617,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="14">A. valida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranging up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB4F5F8FF8C233CFCA09D9EFC8170C9" box="[779,837,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="6.0">6mm</quantity>
|
||
in length while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8C233CFC519D91FB6470C9" box="[1018,1184,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8C233CFC519D91FB6470C9" box="[1018,1184,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="14">A. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaching only
|
||
<quantity id="4CB4F5F8FF8C233CFAED9D9EFA5C70C9" box="[1350,1432,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5mm</quantity>
|
||
, and color,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8C233CFEA49DB5FEB170AC" box="[271,373,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8C233CFEA49DB5FEB170AC" box="[271,373,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="14">A. valida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being “usually castaneous brown” and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8C233CFC9C9DB5FC1A70AC" box="[823,990,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8C233CFC9C9DB5FC1A70AC" box="[823,990,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="14">A. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“usually piceous brown.” However, he noted that large numbers of workers were required to separate the two forms with certainty and that it was often impossible to identify isolated workers.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8C233CFF6C9C2EFC4771A9" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8C233CFF6C9C2EFC4771A9" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Little has changed since Creighton’s study. Examination of recent collections suggests that while western populations do average slightly smaller than eastern populations, there is considerable overlap, making reliable separation impossible. Color shows a similar pattern with geographic differentiation but considerable overlap. It seems apparent that these two forms are variants of a single variable species. We therefore consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8C233CFB5E9C9DFE8771A9" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subterranea" subSpecies="valida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8C233CFB5E9C9DFF1971A9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="14">A. subterranea valida</emphasis>
|
||
Wheeler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8C233CFDDA9CB1FC4471A9" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[625,896,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8C233CFDDA9CB1FCD371A9" box="[625,791,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="14">A. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Emery)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8C233CFF6C9CD5FAE5718C" box="[199,1313,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8C233CFF6C9CD5FAE5718C" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,501]" box="[199,1313,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14">This species is found from British Columbia south to California and east to Montana and Colorado.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |