360 lines
46 KiB
XML
360 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="E817612628BAE001CE7AD6380AE5149E" ID-CLB-Dataset="56012" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab035" ID-GBIF-Dataset="407ce073-066c-4bc5-9efc-86e0d1709efb" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458220" ID-ZooBank="2AF9A2A4-1D14-419B-8450-F798A3E31E73" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649832862844" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schifani, Enrico, Giannetti, Daniele, Csősz, Sándor, Castellucci, Filippo, Luchetti, Andrea, Castracani, Cristina, Spotti, Fiorenza A., Mori, Alessandra & Grasso, Donato A." docDate="2022" docId="03D7B00E100BFFD17E8AC329FB06FC5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab035.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Colobopsis imitans Schifani, Giannetti, Csősz, Castellucci, Luchetti, Castracani, Spotti, Mori & Grasso, 2022, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="1436" masterDocId="FFEEC8761001FFDC7D30C54BFFC4FFF9" masterDocTitle="Is mimicry a diversification-driver in ants? Biogeography, ecology, ethology, genetics and morphology define a second West-Palaearctic Colobopsis species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1450" masterPageNumber="1424" pageNumber="1434" updateTime="1699328780817" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="879CBDD5E8CD85B38583AA9F632B67F6">Is mimicry a diversification-driver in ants? Biogeography, ecology, ethology, genetics and morphology define a second West-Palaearctic Colobopsis species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm id="36617BB91706C65F3BA8FEE8F53D7E8D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="72146F0465746BB19A5E4E8F06064E23">Schifani, Enrico</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="41939C8467CE91246FE346E69FACC62F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5CA905A2668E245ADC838DFE5DDB70C9">Giannetti, Daniele</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0F649A2313B3DADA273B2D7CC5AB57B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D301FE4457C23D02585CA42666036A06">Csősz, Sándor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C23746B0C4430808DFE7C7A2212E2DF6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CE2957E1E99AFD2F9F918C10ADBD0478">Castellucci, Filippo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FCCD33E1EF41A7CC766B0F93B73D53B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4852C969401166C196EAB5C99DDBD404">Luchetti, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="66B1F5DA1052DB863F7A7D9858E87C80" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F0C4AC5FDDFA3DC85A3DD9C3C265220E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D997CC61D22A931BDD31E0A37F7CFBA5">Castracani, Cristina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D61F6225C5924908BB67CEDBBE298C1E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DDBAFC7A7A79ED504B149A6AC3B7A032">Spotti, Fiorenza A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4BC051D8705C07EF312AEAB51372F779">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A2EC4C3038BFC9490C08E39E0C50882A">Mori, Alessandra</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="20F35B1FF828791E599B0050E60721B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="218A8E5F2476D7F4D02878B0756B687E">Grasso, Donato A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="88FCED35FEFBE5C11DA152F7BA231D7B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="07E70DFF11941961F24DC2D182F79307">
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<mods:title id="BCE1D4DF1065F868971D4039A03C5E5A">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C9939192E87CD69834C2A6B39CC2D216">
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<mods:date id="5C1F096F0C042FEA920C254BF80841A8">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B1382D356863DE97E9ECD379F0131DAF" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="8CF024205F30E61593F95E37FEBB15EF">2021-07-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7F0AA46312ED1B5129AAADBD951509DF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8FC43EEF814034BA536B6D6E19E74EEC">194</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="B12BFBBF88EC43E9AA1C6C44E0511E3D">1424</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="EBDD33D0120C1250316E52A6E62F08DA">1450</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="49EC533EFD265465C83BABB8D3DF3374">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8976BA48F1C5993BDEF981AD316E92E5" type="CLB-Dataset">56012</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2C3A3426D1B3847F031856D1BF93E9DF" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab035</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0918267A69E71934A7B40EECCADE7CDB" type="GBIF-Dataset">407ce073-066c-4bc5-9efc-86e0d1709efb</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0F14AFD20896D478E02CA38DC287B904" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C738265E7C690003EBFCCC138607C662" type="Zenodo-Dep">6458220</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C8BFB122B1312F433D905F6250EBFCD3" type="ZooBank">2AF9A2A4-1D14-419B-8450-F798A3E31E73</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D7B00E100BFFD17E8AC329FB06FC5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458232" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194591703" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7B00E100BFFD17E8AC329FB06FC5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D7B00E100BFFD17E8AC329FB06FC5D" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1436" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">
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<subSubSection id="C3645293100BFFD67E8AC329FA4EF935" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC10118100BFFD67E8AC329FAE0F982" blockId="10.[954,1316,1634,1659]" box="[954,1316,1634,1659]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">
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<heading id="D089B674100BFFD67E8AC329FAE0F982" box="[954,1316,1634,1659]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100BFFD67E8AC329FB7EF980" authorityName="Schifani & Giannetti & Csősz & Castellucci & Luchetti & Castracani & Spotti & Mori & Grasso" authorityYear="2022" box="[954,1210,1634,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitans" status="sp. nov.">COLOBOPSIS IMITANS</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2396071100BFFD679F1C32EFAE0F982" box="[1217,1316,1634,1659]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100BFFD679F1C32EFAD9F981" bold="true" box="[1217,1309,1634,1658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">SP. NOV</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC10118100BFFD67E0BC3D2FA4EF935" blockId="10.[827,1444,1688,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">
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<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100BFFD67E0BC3D2FB4CF957" box="[827,1160,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">Zoobank registration:</emphasis>
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<uri id="FFEF0D1A100BFFD679ADC3D3FA4EF935" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFD83BCD100BFFD67EB9C3FDFA4EF935" box="[905,1418,1718,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">6B513EC6-6319-406F-97D0-82C0EF67E626</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3645293100BFFD67E0BC3BEFB24F89E" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC10118100BFFD67E0BC3BEFB24F89E" blockId="10.[827,1443,1781,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">
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<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100BFFD67E0BC3BEFBE9F8F2" box="[827,1069,1781,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">
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||
Etymology:
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100BFFD67EE3C3BDFBE9F8F2" authorityName="Schifani & Giannetti & Csősz & Castellucci & Luchetti & Castracani & Spotti & Mori & Grasso" authorityYear="2022" box="[979,1069,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitans">imitans</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is the present participle of the Latin verb
|
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<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100BFFD67EF4C25FFBCAF8D0" box="[964,1038,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">imitor</emphasis>
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, meaning ‘imitating’, and is here used in apposition. It refers to the interpretation that this species resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100BFFD6790EC21AFB1DF89F" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1086,1241,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
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<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100BFFD6790EC21AFB1DF89F" box="[1086,1241,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1434">Cr. scutellaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF015190100AFFD77DA1C6EEFACBFC21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458230/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" startId="11.[145,225,933,955]" targetBox="[305,1264,198,890]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8BC10118100AFFD77DA1C6EEFACBFC21" blockId="11.[145,1424,933,984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">
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<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100AFFD77DA1C6EEFF3FFC43" bold="true" box="[145,251,933,955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Principal component analyses of morphometric data of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100AFFD77E64C6EEFC01FC42" box="[852,965,933,955]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100AFFD77E64C6EEFC01FC42" box="[852,965,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Colobopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nest samples according to the two clusters evidenced by NC-PART clustering. Each small dot represents a colony sample. Large dots represent centroids.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3645293100AFFD77DA1C14EFEA9FB6C" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC10118100AFFD77DA1C14EFEA9FB6C" blockId="11.[145,761,1028,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">
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<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100AFFD77DA1C14EFEDAFBE3" box="[145,286,1029,1050]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Type series:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B160B45100AFFD77C1CC14EFEAEFB6C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3751078301" collectingDate="2018-10-14" collectorName="E. Schifani" country="Italy" elevation="5" latitude="38.1953" location="Mondello" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="13.3354" municipality="Mondello" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-worker="14" stateProvince="Sicily" typeStatus="holotype">
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One
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<typeStatus id="54C5BFBA100AFFD77C56C14FFE09FBE3" box="[358,461,1028,1050]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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worker (
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<figureCitation id="13451D9D100AFFD77F0FC14FFD56FBE3" box="[575,658,1028,1050]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[163,241,1250,1272]" captionTargetBox="[163,1390,195,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-352@16.[163,1443,195,1211]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Colobopsis imitans. A, B, E, worker (holotypus); C, D, F, G, soldier (specimen from the type locality). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Pictures also available on AntWeb.org database, specimen codes: ANTWEB1041481 and ANTWEB1041482." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458244/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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) and
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<specimenCount id="9D78CA91100AFFD77FECC14EFEB7FBC0" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">14 paratype workers</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA59B62100AFFD77CF6C168FDF9FBC0" box="[454,573,1059,1081]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Mondello</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49BACFFA100AFFD77F7EC168FD51FBC0" box="[590,661,1059,1081]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
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<collectingCountry id="F3694188100AFFD77F9AC168FD2DFBC0" box="[682,745,1059,1081]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A67DF100AFFD77DA1C109FF29FBA1" box="[145,237,1090,1112]" degrees="38.1953" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" precision="5" value="38.1953">38.1953</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A67DF100AFFD77DC8C109FE90FBA1" box="[248,340,1090,1112]" degrees="13.3354" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" precision="5" value="13.3354">13.3354</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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<quantity id="4C86ACFD100AFFD77C50C109FE49FBAE" box="[352,397,1090,1112]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" unit="m" value="5.0">
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<elevation id="0053E62B100AFFD77C50C109FE49FBAE" box="[352,397,1090,1112]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC027D8100AFFD77CA9C109FDC9FBAE" box="[409,525,1090,1111]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" value="2018-10-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84DE30100AFFD77CA9C109FDC9FBAE" box="[409,525,1090,1111]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" value="2018-10-14">14.X.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
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||
<collectorName id="268B64CE100AFFD77F29C109FD53FBA1" box="[537,663,1090,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">E. Schifani</collectorName>
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leg. The holotype is stored in the Hungarian Natural History Museum collection
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3645293100AFFD07DA1C1F5FD86F952" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1436" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BC10118100AFFD77DA1C1F5FBCBFBC1" blockId="11.[145,761,1214,1880]" lastBlockId="11.[809,1424,1028,1081]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">
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||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100AFFD77DA1C1F5FE4FFB2A" box="[145,395,1214,1235]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Worker description:</emphasis>
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Morphometric indexes are shown in
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<tableCitation id="C6FC34A3100AFFD77C33C197FE9FFB0B" box="[259,347,1244,1266]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetBox="[163,784,459,1226]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Mean of morphometric ratios calculated for CSL pattern and DQL pattern clusters based on individuals (raw data). Morphometric traits are divided by cephalic size (CS), namely the arithmetic mean of CL and CW. The upper row in each data field gives arithmetic mean ± standard deviation; the lower one, in square brackets, the lower and upper extremes. Significant differences are highlighted in bold" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF015190100BFFD67D93C58FFDCDFE5E" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" tableUuid="DF015190100BFFD67D93C58FFDCDFE5E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Subrectangular head, rounded on all sides. A straight, central furrow runs from the frontal triangle to the level where the frontal carinae end. Large eyes, extremely reduced ocelli. Antennae of 12 segments, without a distinct antennal club. Pronotum significantly wider than the rest of the mesosoma. In lateral profile, pronotum and mesonotum gently convex, propodeum profile often showing a central concavity, thus having a saddle-like appearance. Petiolar scale profile anteriorly roundly concave and posteriorly straight, its dorsal crest excavated in frontal view. Well-visible promesonotal and mesoepinotal sutures, as well as metathoracic and propodeal spiracles. All legs with well-developed tibial spurs, more so in the anterior legs, which are characterized by strikingly large femurs (identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100AFFD77D81C38CFE8DF924" baseAuthorityName="Emery & Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[177,329,1735,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100AFFD77D81C38CFE8DF924" box="[177,329,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Co. truncata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, function unknown). Pigmentation as described in the CSL model. Fine alveolate to areolate sculpture covering the whole body and appendages. Few erect hairs near the posterior margin of the vertex, between the frons and on the clypeus, and few others on the gaster tergites. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="13451D9D100AFFD77E19C168FC5CFBC1" box="[809,920,1059,1081]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[163,241,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,1039,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-390@4.[227,1379,1039,1807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. The model species and the two detected chromatic model patterns of Colobopsis: A, Crematogaster scutellaris; B, CSL Colobopsis from Sicily; C, Dolichoderus quadripunctatus from Tuscany; D, DQL Colobopsis from Tuscany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458222/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13451D9D100AFFD77E96C168FC70FBC1" box="[934,948,1059,1080]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[163,242,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,195,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-156@14.[227,1379,195,1517]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Trail-following behaviour on Crematogaster scutellaris trails by other ants (indicated with arrows). On the left (A, C, E) CSL Colobopsis; on the right (B, D, F) Camponotus lateralis observed in the same locality performing the same behaviour (photos taken in Palermo (Sicily) during field surveys)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458238/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13451D9D100AFFD77EF2C168FC1AFBC1" box="[962,990,1059,1080]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[163,241,1250,1272]" captionTargetBox="[163,1390,195,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-352@16.[163,1443,195,1211]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Colobopsis imitans. A, B, E, worker (holotypus); C, D, F, G, soldier (specimen from the type locality). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Pictures also available on AntWeb.org database, specimen codes: ANTWEB1041481 and ANTWEB1041482." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458244/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13451D9D100AFFD77EDCC168FBCCFBC1" box="[1004,1032,1059,1080]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="19.[145,224,1425,1447]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-110@19.[305,1265,195,1385]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 13. Above Cr. scutellaris and species showing a similar chromatic pattern that were collected near Cr. scutellaris trails in Sicily (Italy): A, Co. imitans (worker from Mondello); B, Ca. lateralis (worker from Monte Pellegrino); C, Gelis sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Monte Petroso; D, Cr. scutellaris from Levanzo island; E, Phrurolithus sp. (Araneae: Phrurolitidae) from Mondello; F, Ca. ruber (worker from Monte Pellegrino); G, Leptorchestes sp. (Araneae: Salticidae) from Monte Petroso. Below, D. quadripunctatus and species with a similar chromatic pattern collected near its trails or in the same trees in mainland Italy: H, Co. truncata (specimen from Bulgaria, AntWeb code CASENT0280000, photographer Michele Esposito); I, D. quadripunctatus (specimen from Czech Republic, AntWeb code CASENT0179916, photographer Michele Esposito); J, Formicomus pedestris (Rossi, 1790) (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) from Parma (Italy)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458250/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">13</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC10118100AFFD77E19C129FACEF9FF" blockId="11.[809,1425,1122,1542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100AFFD77E19C129FA55FB8E" box="[809,1425,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Soldier (= phragmotic major worker) description:</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (two specimens from Sicily): CL = 1327, 1419; CW = 1262, 1470; SL = 865, 942; ML = 1752, 1774; MW = 921, 1103; EW = 264, 331; EL = 409, 459; CS = 1294, 1444; CL/CW = 0.96, 1.05; SL/CS = 0.65, 0.67; ML/CS = 1.23, 1.35. Large cylindrical phragmotic head, and a flattened anterior part formed by the mandibles, part of the clypeus and of the genae. Characterized by strong areolaterugose sculpture and dense coverage of short thick erect hairs in the distalmost half. Rest of the shape, sculpture and pigmentation generally similar to the worker but white dots or stripe on the first gastral tergite sometimes evident. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="13451D9D100AFFD779A3C0BBFAC0F9FC" box="[1171,1284,1520,1542]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[163,241,1250,1272]" captionTargetBox="[163,1390,195,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-352@16.[163,1443,195,1211]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Colobopsis imitans. A, B, E, worker (holotypus); C, D, F, G, soldier (specimen from the type locality). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Pictures also available on AntWeb.org database, specimen codes: ANTWEB1041481 and ANTWEB1041482." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458244/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC10118100AFFD07E19C364FE83FB05" blockId="11.[809,1425,1583,1881]" lastBlockId="12.[163,779,1132,1277]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1436" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100AFFD77E19C364FBC5F9BD" box="[809,1025,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Queen description:</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78CA91100AFFD779E3C364FA55F9BC" box="[1235,1425,1583,1605]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BACFFA100AFFD77E5EC305FC7CF99D" box="[878,952,1614,1636]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1435">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
): CL = 1437–1531; CW = 1281–1406; SL = 1156–1218; ML = 2687–3031; MW = 1281–1312; EW = 325–362; EL = 525–537; CS = 1359–1468; CL/ CW = 1.08–1.11; SL/CS = 0.83–0.87; ML/CS = 1.93– 2.22. Large phragmotic head, similar to the soldier in shape and size (despite larger body size), but well-developed ocelli, much larger eyes and much longer scapi. Immediately distinguishable by the larger, dorsally flatter mesosoma, which is largely unsculptured and shiny. Propodeum profile similar to the end of soldiers’ propodeum. Head red, as in the worker, but the mesosoma is brownish and the white dots or stripe on the first gaster tergite are/is evident. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="13451D9D100DFFD07DE2C1ACFEFBFB05" box="[210,319,1255,1277]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,226,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[145,1374,195,1228]" captionTargetId="figure-302@17.[145,1425,195,1228]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Colobopsis imitans. A, B, E, F, queen; C, D, G, male. Specimens from the type locality. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Pictures also available on AntWeb.org database, specimen codes: ANTWEB1041483 and ANTWEB1041484." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458246/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF015190100DFFD07D93C147FE4CFBB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458234" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458234/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436" startId="12.[163,242,1036,1058]" targetBox="[166,1446,204,994]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC10118100DFFD07D93C147FE4CFBB9" blockId="12.[163,1442,1036,1088]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100DFFD07D93C147FEC9FBD8" bold="true" box="[163,269,1036,1058]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the barcode fragment of the mt
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100DFFD07956C146FB55FBDA" box="[1126,1169,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">COI</emphasis>
|
||
gene from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100DFFD07802C146FA66FBDA" box="[1330,1442,1037,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100DFFD07802C146FA66FBDA" box="[1330,1442,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Colobopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens sequenced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC10118100DFFD07D93C06EFD86F952" blockId="12.[163,779,1317,1707]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100DFFD07D93C06EFEB5FAC3" box="[163,369,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Male description:</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78CA91100DFFD07F78C06EFCCEFAC2" box="[584,778,1317,1339]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BACFFA100DFFD07DDBC00FFEFCFAA3" box="[235,312,1348,1370]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
): CL = 875–1093; CW = 781–1000; SL = 937–1001; ML = 2281–2437; MW = 1062–1218; EW = 300–387; EL = 462–525; CS = 828–1046; CL/ CW = 1.09–1.17; SL/CS = 0.92–1.20; ML/CS = 2.32– 2.75. Small, subrectangular head with large ocelli and large eyes protruding laterally. Toothless mandibles. Relatively large mesosoma, propodeum more gently rounded than in queens or workers. Low, round petiolar node. Weak sculpture, shiny mesosoma. Hairy mandibles, other hairs on clypeus and gaster. Entire body ferruginous or brownish, gaster blackish. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="13451D9D100DFFD07D93C3DEFED4F952" box="[163,272,1685,1707]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,226,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[145,1374,195,1228]" captionTargetId="figure-302@17.[145,1425,195,1228]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Colobopsis imitans. A, B, E, F, queen; C, D, G, male. Specimens from the type locality. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Pictures also available on AntWeb.org database, specimen codes: ANTWEB1041483 and ANTWEB1041484." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458246/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
. Genitalia as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13451D9D100DFFD07CFDC3DEFDFEF952" box="[461,570,1685,1707]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[163,245,788,810]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,748]" captionTargetId="figure-591@18.[163,1443,195,748]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Male genitalia of Colobopsis imitans in ventral and dorsal view, specimen from the type locality. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458248/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3645293100DFFD07D93C391FAD9F994" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC10118100DFFD07D93C391FAD9F994" blockId="12.[163,779,1753,1898]" lastBlockId="12.[827,1444,1132,1645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100DFFD07D93C391FEDEF916" box="[163,282,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Generally easy to determine on the basis of worker material due to strong chromatic differentiation from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100DFFD07DEEC25CFEACF8D5" baseAuthorityName="Emery & Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[222,360,1815,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100DFFD07DEEC25CFEACF8D5" box="[222,360,1815,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Co. truncata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allopatric distribution (although further investigation is required for possible contact regions in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3694188100DFFD07CBEC21FFE10F893" box="[398,468,1876,1898]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Iberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3694188100DFFD07F4EC21FFD7CF893" box="[638,696,1876,1898]" name="Italy" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Some small worker specimens may appear almost completely black, therefore lacking the typical chromatic pattern; workers with entirely red mesosoma seldom observed. Tentative identifications of isolated soldier or queen specimens should be much more cautious, although their chromatic appearance may sometimes appear to be explicit. The low number of males and the lack of particularly evident distinctive characters from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100DFFD078B0C008FC59FA8E" baseAuthorityName="Emery & Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100DFFD078B0C008FC59FA8E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Co. truncata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not allow a safe species-level identification of this caste based on morphology. As for workers, the morphometric linear discriminant function provided in the Results section should help with dubious cases, including decoloured specimens. Finally, DNA barcoding, which can be used for the same purpose and can also be employed on the other castes, shows relatively low error rate but may present risks due to the polyphyletic pattern that we observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3645293100DFFD17E0BC3D6FB06FC5D" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1437" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC10118100DFFD17E0BC3D6FB06FC5D" blockId="12.[827,1443,1692,1898]" lastBlockId="13.[809,1426,787,932]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1437" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100DFFD07E0BC3D6FCBAF929" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Biological, ecological and phenological notes:</emphasis>
|
||
Relatively thermophilous; occurring in Sicily from a few meters above sea level to at least
|
||
<quantity id="4C86ACFD100DFFD0787DC392FA67F916" box="[1357,1443,1753,1775]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436" unit="m" value="1015.0">1015 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation, ascending up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C86ACFD100DFFD0794CC3B3FB10F8F4" box="[1148,1236,1784,1805]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436" unit="m" value="1290.0">1290 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3694188100DFFD0780CC3B3FA5AF8F4" box="[1340,1438,1784,1805]" name="Morocco" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and so far known from coastal lowland areas in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3694188100DFFD0786AC25CFA5BF8D4" box="[1370,1439,1815,1837]" name="Spain" pageId="12" pageNumber="1436">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Probably common but also heavily under-recorded due to its cryptic arboreal lifestyle, low colony population (most-likely monogynous), effective mimicry and long periods of inactivity during the most arid and coldest times of the year. Workers and soldiers are unlikely to descend to the ground but were observed to do so at least once, following a sparsely populated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17F50C6C4FD3CFC5A" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[608,760,910,932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17F50C6C4FD3CFC5A" box="[608,760,910,932]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Cr. scutellaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trail. Soldiers, in general, are difficult to find outside the nest and are usually seen acting as gatekeepers of the nest entrance. Founding queens were observed to do the same. Nests are hidden in minute holes on the dead parts of arboreal trunks, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17F08C163FD7CFBC4" authorityName="Schifani & Giannetti & Csősz & Castellucci & Luchetti & Castracani & Spotti & Mori & Grasso" authorityYear="2022" box="[568,696,1064,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17F08C163FD7CFBC4" box="[568,696,1064,1085]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Co. imitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often seems to act as secondary user of cavities excavated by xylophagous insects. It exploits
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17CC9C12EFEDCFB63" authority="(Bosc, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercustozae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17CC9C12EFD3DFB82" box="[505,761,1125,1147]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Andricus quercustozae</emphasis>
|
||
(Bosc, 1792)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
oak galls as nests [occupying about 15% of galls collected in Bosco della Ficuzza (Sicily) in a recent survey, authors’ unpublished data], in a similar way to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17DA1C1ABFEDAFB0C" baseAuthorityName="Emery & Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[145,286,1248,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17DA1C1ABFEDAFB0C" box="[145,286,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Co. truncata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF7CE9100CFFD17C50C1ABFD90FB0C" author="Giannetti" box="[352,596,1248,1270]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Giannetti" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" pagination="392" refId="ref16484" refString="Giannetti D, Castracani C, Spotti FA, Mori A, Grasso DA. 2019. Gall-colonizing ants and their role as plant defenders: from ' bad job' to ' useful service'. Insects 10: 392." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Giannetti
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17CE6C1ABFDCCFB0C" box="[470,520,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF7CE9100CFFD17F51C1ABFD5CFB0C" author="Giannetti" box="[609,664,1248,1269]" firstAuthor="Giannetti" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" pagination="108" refId="ref16524" refString="Giannetti D, Mandrioli M, Schifani E, Castracani C, Spotti F, Mori A, Grasso DA. 2021. First report of the acrobat ant Crematogaster scutellaris storing live aphids inside its oak-gall nests. Insects 12: 108." type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fürjes- Mikó
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17DE3C1B4FEC9FAEA" box="[211,269,1278,1300]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020). Polydomy appears probable due to repeated findings of groups of workers with no queen within oak-galls. Nesting observed on several diverse plant species, including at least:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17F1CC010FF20FA76" authority="Blanco" authorityName="Blanco" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17F1CC010FD3CFA96" box="[556,760,1370,1392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Citrus reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
Blanco
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17DC2C032FEB9FA76" box="[242,381,1401,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17DC2C032FEB9FA76" box="[242,381,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Ci. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Osbeck,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17F10C031FD14FA77" box="[544,720,1401,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17F10C031FD14FA77" box="[544,720,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Laurus nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17DA1C0D3FEF0FA54" box="[145,308,1432,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Olea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17DA1C0D3FEF0FA54" box="[145,308,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Olea europaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17C50C0D3FE28FA54" box="[352,492,1432,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17C50C0D3FE28FA54" box="[352,492,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17F28C0D3FD6DFA54" box="[536,681,1432,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17F28C0D3FD6DFA54" box="[536,681,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Q. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17DA1C0FCFF3CFA32" box="[145,248,1462,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17DA1C0FCFF3CFA32" box="[145,248,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Q. suber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17C1EC0FCFE38FA35" box="[302,508,1463,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17C1EC0FCFE38FA35" box="[302,508,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Pyrus communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17F51C0FCFDD5FA13" authority="(Thunb.) W. T. Aiton. Dense" authorityName="W. T. Aiton. Dense" baseAuthorityName="Thunb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pittosporaceae" genus="Pittosporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tobira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17F51C0FCFF13FA13" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Pittosporum tobira</emphasis>
|
||
(Thunb.) W.T.Aiton. Dense
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations appear to have been found in old
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17CF3C0BFFDC9F9F0" box="[451,525,1524,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17CF3C0BFFDC9F9F0" box="[451,525,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Citrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
orchards, relatively sparse cork oak (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17C7FC358FE68F9DE" box="[335,428,1554,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17C7FC358FE68F9DE" box="[335,428,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Q. suber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) woods and also in deciduous oak forests. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17CA9C37AFDE5F9BE" authorityName="Schifani & Giannetti & Csősz & Castellucci & Luchetti & Castracani & Spotti & Mori & Grasso" authorityYear="2022" box="[409,545,1585,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17CA9C37AFDE5F9BE" box="[409,545,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Co. imitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in a broad range of habitats, from cities to agricultural lands to natural forest habitats, but information available has so far been insufficient to depict a satisfactory picture of habitat preferences. Despite the earlier claim by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF7CE9100CFFD17DA1C381FE5EF919" author="Carpintero" box="[145,410,1738,1760]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carpintero" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" pagination="151 - 163" refId="ref14775" refString="Carpintero S, Reyes-Lopez J, De Reyna LA. 2005. Impact of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) on an arboreal ant community in Donana National Park, Spain. Biodiversity & Conservation 14: 151 - 163." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Carpintero
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17C24C380FE88F926" box="[276,332,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, there is currently no evidence backing the fascinating hypothesis that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17F4CC3A2FD3DF906" authorityName="Schifani & Giannetti & Csősz & Castellucci & Luchetti & Castracani & Spotti & Mori & Grasso" authorityYear="2022" box="[636,761,1769,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17F4CC3A2FD3DF906" box="[636,761,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">C. imitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
foundress queens prefer trees hosting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17F66C243FD3CF8E4" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[598,760,1800,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17F66C243FD3CF8E4" box="[598,760,1800,1821]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Cr. scutellaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to found their colonies. A focused investigation on this topic would be interesting. Nuptial flights for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17FE5C20EFC40FCD0" authorityName="Schifani & Giannetti & Csősz & Castellucci & Luchetti & Castracani & Spotti & Mori & Grasso" authorityYear="2022" box="[725,900,788,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17FE5C20EFC40FCD0" box="[725,900,788,1882]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Co. imitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur approximately in the same period as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E7A9B100CFFD17E19C678FC70FCB1" baseAuthorityName="Emery & Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[809,948,819,840]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17E19C678FC70FCB1" box="[809,948,819,840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">Co. truncata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(alates in Sicily observed from June 30 to July 13,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90ADD0A100CFFD17EBDC619FC65FC9E" box="[909,929,850,871]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1437">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5, see Supporting Information, File S1). Winged queens and males were repeatedly seen to be attracted by artificial light at night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |