153 lines
18 KiB
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153 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="780560CB3F7E82D53C8A92F78033856C" ID-CLB-Dataset="20341" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5105.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="797fca93-60bf-40ce-bb55-e5cb695f6356" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332761" ID-ZooBank="187B04D7-4C35-4E27-9B2D-A616BF59F380" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1646597857429" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2022" docId="03D687D0FF87987B19E8CB7FFA2EE2F1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5105.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5105 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Icerya Signoret" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="334" masterDocId="FFEFFFA8FFA6985A197FCA59FFB2E100" masterDocTitle="Towards identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 2. Checklists and keys to six archaeococcoid families" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="334" updateTime="1699317191505" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="465EB312E31BBD606E15C01BA5F5645F">Towards identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 2. Checklists and keys to six archaeococcoid families</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="40C41C2505261CE60A71D0D2926DACC1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="51A6A3B9249E47E81CFFE76F08A3C988">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3CF53FEC263B97BF96C5AFFE22520081">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9CE8CF97E9986FF8EBB4A692088DDC8E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BBE4EA761B35295CAF9E1BB0C460F01D">
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<mods:date id="8DAF3D744DBA98A4FCE4AD8561155761">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="392F5010C35A8B0D74126AC0B2AA41D8">2022-03-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5F2130320FFB69A9937006D6A0B79F05">5105</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BCC01CBED93E355D276CB1D9A6F3B9F5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5105.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D687D0FF87987B19E8CB7FFA2EE2F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6343200" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193890934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6343200" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687D0FF87987B19E8CB7FFA2EE2F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687D0FF87987B19E8CB7FFA2EE2F1" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<subSubSection id="C365654DFF87987B19E8CB7FFE1BE040" box="[151,425,294,321]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC036C6FF87987B19E8CB7FFE1BE040" blockId="33.[151,425,294,321]" box="[151,425,294,321]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<heading id="D08881AAFF87987B19E8CB7FFE1BE040" bold="true" box="[151,425,294,321]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B19E8CB7FFE1BE040" bold="true" box="[151,425,294,321]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FF87987B1991CB7EFE1BE040" ID-CoL="53CG" ID-ENA="249531" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[238,425,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B1991CB7EFE8BE041" bold="true" box="[238,313,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Icerya</emphasis>
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Signoret
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C365654DFF87987B19E8CB36FF4CE319" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC036C6FF87987B19E8CB36FF4CE319" blockId="33.[151,1437,367,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FF87987B19E8CB36FF6FE088" ID-CoL="53CG" authorityName="Signoret" box="[151,221,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B19E8CB36FF6FE088" box="[151,221,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Icerya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a tropical to subtropical genus of 38 species, five of which have been recorded from continental Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FF87987B1C17CB36FE2DE0AE" author="Garcia Morales, M. & Denno, B. D. & Miller, D. R. & Miller, G. L. & Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B." pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refId="ref29245" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 12 January 2022) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118." type="url" year="2016">
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García Morales
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B185DCBCAFEE6E0AD" box="[290,340,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al</emphasis>
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. 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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). They are relatively large insects (
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<figureCitation id="13442A43FF87987B1A61CBCAFCC2E0AD" box="[798,880,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[152,1435,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Icerya seychellarum Westwood, adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990: 24, Fig. 5), reproduced with permission of the authors and CABI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332781/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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), so heavy infestations extract significant volumes of sap and can cause drying of tissues, premature leaf drop, sooty mould growth and reduction in fruit harvests. Woody hosts are preferred, and the insects feed on stems and leaf veins rather than on the leaf lamella (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FF87987B1DE4CB82FA2EE0F5" author="Kondo, T. & Watson, G. W." box="[1179,1436,475,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="86 - 108" refId="ref30289" refString="Kondo, T. & Watson, G. W. (Eds.) (2022 in press) 3.7 Monophlebidae. In: Kondo, T. & Watson, G. W. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 86 - 108." type="book chapter" year="2022">
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Kondo & Watson
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<quantity id="4C879B23FF87987B1C1BCB82FA2EE0F5" box="[1380,1436,475,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.135879999999999" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="in" value="2022.0">2022</quantity>
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</bibRefCitation>
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in press).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C365654DFF87987B19E8C832FA2EE2F1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8BC036C6FF87987B19E8C832FC5FE3A9" blockId="33.[151,1437,618,681]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B19E8C832FCEEE384" bold="true" box="[151,860,618,645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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Key to adult females of species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FF87987B1B64C832FDD1E385" ID-CoL="53CG" box="[539,611,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B1B64C832FDD1E385" bold="true" box="[539,611,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Icerya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in continental Africa
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</emphasis>
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, derived from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FF87987B1A82C832FAA6E385" author="Unruh, C. M. & Gullan, P. J." box="[1021,1300,619,645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref31692" refString="Unruh, C. M. & Gullan, P. J. (2008) Identification guide to species in the scale insect tribe Iceryini (Coccoidea: Monophlebidae). Zootaxa, 1803 (1), 1 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1803.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Unruh and Gullan (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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. See
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<figureCitation id="13442A43FF87987B1C34C832FA2FE385" box="[1355,1437,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[152,1435,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Icerya seychellarum Westwood, adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990: 24, Fig. 5), reproduced with permission of the authors and CABI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332781/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Figs 10</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="13442A43FF87987B19B9C8D6FF57E3A9" box="[198,229,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,183,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[195,1393,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 22. Gigantococcus and Icerya pores from Unruh & Gullan (2008: 16-18, parts of Table 2), © Magnolia Press, www. mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission of the copyright holder." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332805/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">22</figureCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FF87987B1990C8D6FE16E3A9" ID-CoL="3P8R7" authorityName="Vayssiere" authorityYear="1926" box="[239,420,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corticalis">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B1990C8D6FE16E3A9" box="[239,420,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Icerya corticalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not included because it is known only from males.
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</paragraph>
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<key id="FFEE61F7FF87987B19E8C88DFA2EE2F1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<keyStep id="308B2E63FF87987B19E8C88DFA2EE241" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<paragraph id="8BC036C6FF87987B19E8C88DFA2FE206" blockId="33.[151,1437,724,1010]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<keyLead id="308E95F3FF87987B19E8C88DFA2FE206" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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1(0) Setae on abdominal margin black in slide mount. Abdominal spiracles numbering 2 pairs. Open-centre pores present....................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FF87987B1C39C8A9FA2FE206" ID-CoL="3P8SH" box="[1350,1437,752,774]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purchasi">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B1C39C8A9FA2FE206" bold="true" box="[1350,1437,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">purchasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036C6FF87987B19E8C956FA2EE241" blockId="33.[151,1437,724,1010]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<keyLead id="308E95F3FF87987B19E8C956FA2EE241" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">- Setae on abdominal margin stained red in slide mount. Abdominal spiracles numbering 3 pairs. Open-centre pores present or absent.............................................................................................. 2</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="308B2E63FF87987B19E8C910FA2EE27B" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<paragraph id="8BC036C6FF87987B19E8C910FA2EE25E" blockId="33.[151,1437,724,1010]" box="[151,1436,841,863]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<keyLead id="308E95F3FF87987B19E8C910FA2EE25E" box="[151,1436,841,863]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">2(1) Open-centre pores present.............................................................................. 3</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036C6FF87987B19E8C93EFA2EE27B" blockId="33.[151,1437,724,1010]" box="[151,1436,870,892]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<keyLead id="308E95F3FF87987B19E8C93EFA2EE27B" box="[151,1436,870,892]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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- Open-centre pores absent......................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FF87987B1C4CC93FFA2EE27B" ID-CoL="3P8QR" baseAuthorityName="Douglas" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1331,1436,870,891]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegyptiaca">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B1C4CC93FFA2EE27B" bold="true" box="[1331,1436,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">aegyptiaca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="308B2E63FF87987B19E8C9DDFA2EE2F1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<paragraph id="8BC036C6FF87987B19E8C9DDFA2EE2B7" blockId="33.[151,1437,724,1010]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<keyLead id="308E95F3FF87987B19E8C9DDFA2EE2B7" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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3(2) Ovisac band present. Each open centre pore with a spur on inner edge of rim (
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<figureCitation id="13442A43FF87987B1AC3C9DDFBB1E29A" box="[956,1027,900,922]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,183,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[195,1393,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 22. Gigantococcus and Icerya pores from Unruh & Gullan (2008: 16-18, parts of Table 2), © Magnolia Press, www. mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission of the copyright holder." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332805/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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). Open-centre pores present around margin and often forming short transverse rows across parts of dorsum...............................
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FF87987B1DC1C9F9FAF0E2B6" ID-CoL="5J3YQ" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1855" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1214,1346,928,950]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seychellarum">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B1DC1C9F9FAF0E2B6" bold="true" box="[1214,1346,928,950]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">seychellarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13442A43FF87987B1C30C9F8FA27E2B7" box="[1359,1429,929,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[152,1435,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Icerya seychellarum Westwood, adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990: 24, Fig. 5), reproduced with permission of the authors and CABI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332781/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036C6FF87987B19E8C9E6FA2EE2F1" blockId="33.[151,1437,724,1010]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<keyLead id="308E95F3FF87987B19E8C9E6FA2EE2F1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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- Ovisac band absent. Each open centre pore without a spur on inner edge of rim (
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<figureCitation id="13442A43FF87987B1AA7C9E7FBADE2D4" box="[984,1055,958,980]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,183,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[195,1393,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 22. Gigantococcus and Icerya pores from Unruh & Gullan (2008: 16-18, parts of Table 2), © Magnolia Press, www. mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission of the copyright holder." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332805/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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). Open-centre pores generally restricted to margins, not forming transverse rows on dorsum...................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FF87987B1C47C982FA2EE2F1" ID-CoL="3P8S2" box="[1336,1436,987,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FF87987B1C47C982FA2EE2F1" bold="true" box="[1336,1436,987,1009]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">natalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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</key>
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</treatment>
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