treatments-xml/data/03/D4/87/03D487A4FFC6723E48EBFB43FE7EF9B4.xml

<document id="A151D5D099DC8DD668B5F07AE18D0E68" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.183157" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bae5d5a3-3f91-4346-80cf-643fa64072f8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="183157" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459893178740" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gluesenkamp, Andrew G. &amp; Guayasamin, Juan M." docDate="2008" docId="03D487A4FFC6723E48EBFB43FE7EF9B4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01828p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1828" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Osornophryne puruanta Gluesenkamp &amp; Guayasamin, 2008, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFEDFFDCFFC77239487CFFE1FF86FFA4" masterDocTitle="A new species of Osornophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Andean highlands of northern Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698228192319" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FA72389CE3FCA10E8B8C9C9545443EF8">A new species of Osornophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Andean highlands of northern Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D3CEDE47252C6B3C5F4183512E778AB0">Gluesenkamp, Andrew G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="18266EB68386D620BD9EF411EB3705A8">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC6723848EBFB43FDD5FB18" blockId="1.[151,595,1186,1212]" box="[151,595,1186,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D08A81DEFFC6723848EBFB43FDD5FB18" bold="true" box="[151,595,1186,1212]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC6723848EBFB43FDD5FB18" bold="true" box="[151,595,1186,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC6723848EBFB43FE3AFB18" ID-CoL="75C5J" box="[151,444,1186,1212]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC6723848EBFB43FE3AFB18" bold="true" box="[151,444,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC6723848EBFB0CFDCDFAF3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC6723848EBFB0CFE85FAA2" box="[151,259,1261,1286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC6723848EBFB0CFE85FAA2" box="[151,259,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
.— 
<collectionCode id="ED6CAE77FFC672384958FB0CFEF0FAA3" box="[292,374,1261,1287]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">QCAZ</collectionCode>
11471 (
<figureCitation id="13462A37FFC6723849A6FB0CFD99FAA3" box="[474,543,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1713,1737]" captionTargetBox="[341,1228,194,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[341,1229,194,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsolateral and ventral views of living holotype of Osornophryne puruanta (QCAZ 11471, SVL 41.3 mm), adult female collected near Laguna Puruanta at 3000 m. a. s. l., Cordillera de Pimampiro, Provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador. Photographs by Luis Coloma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183158/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), an adult female, obtained near Laguna de 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC672384C4EFB0CFB1CFAA3" box="[1074,1178,1261,1287]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Puruanta</taxonomicName>
(
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, 
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, 
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.a.s.l.), Cordillera de Pimampiro, Provincia de Imbabura, 
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC672384BE2FAF4FB87FA8B" box="[926,1025,1301,1327]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, by A. G. Gluesenkamp and D. A. Gluesenkamp on 
<date id="FFC31072FFC672384918FADCFDC0FAF3" box="[356,582,1341,1367]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" value="1997-12-17">17 December 1997</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC6723848BAFA84FBF6F9CB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC6723848BAFA84FEBBFADA" box="[198,317,1381,1406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC6723848BAFA84FEBBFADA" box="[198,317,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
.— 
<collectionCode id="ED6CAE77FFC672384923FA84FE37FADB" box="[351,433,1381,1407]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">QCAZ</collectionCode>
7684–85, adult females, obtained near Laguna de 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC672384C5BFA84FB09FADB" box="[1063,1167,1381,1407]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Puruanta</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE495075FFC672384CD8FA84FA92FADB" box="[1188,1300,1381,1407]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="0.21666667">00°13' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE495075FFC672384D58FA84FA1EFADB" box="[1316,1432,1381,1407]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-77.95">77°57' W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C859B57FFC6723848EBFA6CFF71FA03" box="[151,247,1421,1447]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</quantity>
.a.s.l.), Cordillera de Pimampiro, Provincia de Imbabura, 
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC672384BE9FA6CFC7EFA03" box="[917,1016,1421,1447]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, by A. Vallejo, J. W. Izquierdo, and D. Almeida on 
<date id="FFC31072FFC672384922FA54FDD6FA6B" box="[350,592,1461,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" value="1996-11-16">16 November 1996</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6CAE77FFC672384A1EFA54FD34FA6B" box="[610,690,1461,1487]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">QCAZ</collectionCode>
13271, adult female, obtained near Laguna de San Marcos (
<geoCoordinate id="EE495075FFC6723848DCFA3CFEB0FA53" box="[160,310,1501,1527]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" precision="15" value="0.12638889">00°07'35&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE495075FFC67238493FFA3CFE5BFA53" box="[323,477,1501,1527]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" precision="15" value="-77.93055">77°55'50&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C859B57FFC672384995FA3CFDCDFA53" box="[489,587,1501,1527]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</quantity>
.a.s.l.), on the border between Provincia de Sucumbíos and Provincia de Pichincha, 
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC672384966F9E4FEFBF9BB" box="[282,381,1541,1567]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, by S. R. Ron and L. A. Coloma on 
<date id="FFC31072FFC672384B4FF9E4FC53F9BB" box="[819,981,1541,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" value="1999-06-29">29 June 1999</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6CAE77FFC672384B9FF9E4FBB5F9BB" box="[995,1075,1541,1567]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">QCAZ</collectionCode>
13320, adult female, obtained near Laguna de San Marcos, by J. M. Guayasamin on 
<date id="FFC31072FFC672384B58F9CCFC45F9E3" box="[804,963,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" value="1999-07-21">21 July 1999</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6CAE77FFC672384BACF9CCFB81F9E3" box="[976,1031,1581,1607]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">EPN</collectionCode>
7081–83, adult females, obtained near Laguna de San Marcos, by A. Almendáriz and V. Corte on 
<date id="FFC31072FFC672384BF9F9B4FBEAF9CB" box="[901,1132,1621,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" value="1999-09-20">20 September 1999</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3676539FFC6723B48BAF99CFA16F852" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC6723848BAF99CFBA6F812" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC6723848BAF99CFEBBF932" box="[198,317,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.—The following traits characterize 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC672384A90F99CFB95F932" box="[748,1043,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC672384A90F99CFB8BF932" box="[748,1037,1661,1686]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Osornophryne puruanta</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
(1) females with large body size (SVL 40.5–47.1, x = 43.4 ± 2.3, 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC672384A65F94CFDAEF962" box="[537,552,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
= 8), males unknown; (2) head rounded in dorsal view, rounded to slightlypointed in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13462A37FFC6723849D2F935FE70F94A" box="[430,502,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1285,1309]" captionTargetBox="[360,1206,211,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[341,1245,194,1261]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head (QCAZ 7685) and ventral views of palmer (C) and plantar (D) surfaces of Osornophryne puruanta (EPN 7083). Scale = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183159/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); (3) tip of snout usually bears papilla; (4) skin on dorsum and flanks relatively smooth, interspersed with numerous glandular pustules some forming ridges, and lacking conical tubercules (
<figureCitation id="13462A37FFC6723848E3F8C5FF61F89A" box="[159,231,1828,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1285,1309]" captionTargetBox="[360,1206,211,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[341,1245,194,1261]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head (QCAZ 7685) and ventral views of palmer (C) and plantar (D) surfaces of Osornophryne puruanta (EPN 7083). Scale = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183159/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); (5) dorsum with discontinuous dorsolateral, parasagittal, paravertebral, and sacral ridges; (6) dorsum pale brown to reddish-brown in life (pale brown in preservative); (7) venter brown with yellowish-brown spots in life (dark gray with pale yellow pustules or pale yellow with grayish-brown reticulations in preservative); and (8) six presacral vertebrae (atlas not fused to Presacral Vertebra II).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF02663AFFC5723B48EBF950FDBDF8A9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183158/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[341,1228,194,1686]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC5723B48EBF950FDBDF8A9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1713,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC5723B48EBF950FE9AF96D" bold="true" box="[151,284,1713,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Dorsolateral and ventral views of living holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC5723B4B0AF950FBFCF96C" box="[886,1146,1713,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC5723B4B0AF950FBFCF96C" box="[886,1146,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(QCAZ 11471, SVL 41.3 mm), adult female collected near Laguna 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC5723B4A1DF935FD46F94F" box="[609,704,1748,1771]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Puruanta</taxonomicName>
at 3000 m.a.s.l., Cordillera de Pimampiro, Provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador. Photographs by Luis Coloma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC5723B48BAF8DDFA16F852" blockId="2.[151,1437,1852,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC5723B48BAF8DDFC37F8F1" box="[198,945,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
Comparison with congeneric species.— 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC5723B4AE9F8DDFC37F8F1" box="[661,945,1852,1877]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Osornophryne puruanta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from other members of the genus by its large body size (adult female SVL&gt; 
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; &lt;
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in all other species) and skin that is pustular rather than rugose or tuberculate on dorsal and lateral surfaces of body. Moreover, 
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<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC5723B4CA4F86DFB76F801" box="[1240,1264,1932,1957]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">O</collectingCountry>
. puruanta
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC5723B496CF855FE1BF869" box="[272,413,1972,1997]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antisana">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC5723B496CF855FE1BF869" box="[272,413,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC5723B496CF855FEAEF869" box="[272,296,1972,1997]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">O</collectingCountry>
. antisana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having six discrete presacral vertebrae (five in 
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<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC5723B4C7EF855FB0BF869" box="[1026,1165,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC5723B4C7EF855FB9CF869" box="[1026,1050,1972,1997]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">O</collectingCountry>
. antisana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), wrinkled skin in the occipital area (smooth and flat in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC5723B4A5DF83DFD2CF851" box="[545,682,2012,2037]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antisana">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC5723B4A5DF83DFD2CF851" box="[545,682,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC5723B4A5DF83DFDBFF851" box="[545,569,2012,2037]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">O</collectingCountry>
. antisana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a relatively more rounded snout (pointed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC5723B4C8AF83DFAF9F851" box="[1270,1407,2012,2037]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antisana">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC5723B4C8AF83DFAF9F851" box="[1270,1407,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC5723B4C8AF83DFA88F851" box="[1270,1294,2012,2037]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">O</collectingCountry>
. antisana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF02663AFFC4723A48EBFAE4FCC5FA9B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183159/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[360,1206,211,1243]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC4723A48EBFAE4FCC5FA9B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1285,1343]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A48EBFAE4FE9FFAB9" bold="true" box="[151,281,1285,1309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head (QCAZ 7685) and ventral views of palmer (C) and plantar (D) surfaces of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A496EFAC9FD92FA9B" box="[274,532,1320,1343]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A496EFAC9FD92FA9B" box="[274,532,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(EPN 7083). Scale = 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3676539FFC4723F48BAFA8FFDD3FB66" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC4723A48BAFA8FFC40FA5B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1389,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A48BAFA8FFE60FA23" box="[198,486,1390,1415]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A48BAFA8FFE60FA23" box="[198,486,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4B4DFA8FFC68FA23" box="[817,1006,1390,1415]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufoniformis">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4B4DFA8FFC68FA23" box="[817,1006,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4B4DFA8FFCCFFA23" box="[817,841,1390,1415]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. bufoniformis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a snout that is relatively more rounded in dorsal view (with a sharp angle at level of nostril in 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4BC7FA77FBFDFA0B" box="[955,1147,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4BC7FA77FBF1FA0B" box="[955,1143,1430,1455]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufoniformis">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4BC7FA77FC55FA0B" box="[955,979,1430,1455]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. bufoniformis
</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13462A37FFC4723A4CFDFA74FB40FA0B" box="[1153,1222,1429,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[422,1160,204,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[404,1177,194,1345]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head (QCAZ 14082 and QCAZ 14080, respectively) and ventral views of palmar (C) and plantar (D) surfaces (QCAZ 14080 and QCAZ 14082, respectively) of O. bufoniformis. Scale = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183161/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), fleshy and wrinkled palmar and plantar surfaces (tuberculate in 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4AA7FA5FFC18FA73" box="[731,926,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4AA7FA5FFC1CFA73" box="[731,922,1470,1495]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufoniformis">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4AA7FA5FFD75FA73" box="[731,755,1470,1495]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. bufoniformis
</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13462A37FFC4723A4BDBFA5CFC69FA73" box="[935,1007,1469,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[422,1160,204,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[404,1177,194,1345]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head (QCAZ 14082 and QCAZ 14080, respectively) and ventral views of palmar (C) and plantar (D) surfaces (QCAZ 14080 and QCAZ 14082, respectively) of O. bufoniformis. Scale = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183161/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), and a relatively narrower urostyle (
<figureCitation id="13462A37FFC4723A48E3FA04FF61FA5B" box="[159,231,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,392,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[212,1381,386,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal views of vertebral column (A) and hand (B) of Osornophryne puruanta (QCAZ 13320, adult female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183162/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
; also, see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B43FFC4723A4923FA04FCEAFA5B" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[351,876,1509,1535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M., &amp; Hernandez-Camacho, J. I. (1976) Osornophryne, genero nuevo de anfibios bufonidos de Colombia y Ecuador. Caldasia, 11, 93 - 148." type="journal article" year="1976">Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Hernández-Camacho 1976</bibRefCitation>
:Fig. 8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC4723A48BAF9EFFABFF93B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1389,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A48BAF9EFFE64F983" box="[198,482,1550,1575]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A48BAF9EFFE64F983" box="[198,482,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4B60F9EFFC40F983" box="[796,966,1550,1575]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guacamayo">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4B60F9EFFC40F983" box="[796,966,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4B60F9EFFCB2F983" box="[796,820,1550,1575]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. guacamayo
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of six discrete presacral vertebrae (five in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4912F9D7FD9DF9EB" box="[366,539,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guacamayo">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4912F9D7FD9DF9EB" box="[366,539,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4912F9D7FE00F9EB" box="[366,390,1590,1615]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. guacamayo
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a pustular upper eyelid (strongly tuberculate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4C0DF9D7FA98F9EB" box="[1137,1310,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guacamayo">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4C0DF9D7FA98F9EB" box="[1137,1310,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4C0DF9D7FB0FF9EB" box="[1137,1161,1590,1615]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. guacamayo
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), elongate Toe IV (Toes IV and V elongate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4A37F9BFFD7EF9D3" box="[587,760,1630,1655]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guacamayo">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4A37F9BFFD7EF9D3" box="[587,760,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4A37F9BFFDE5F9D3" box="[587,611,1630,1655]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. guacamayo
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a mostly brown dorsum lacking dorsolateral lines (blackish brown, typically with two oblique yellow dorsolateral lines in adult female 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4C01F967FAAEF93B" box="[1149,1320,1670,1695]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guacamayo">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4C01F967FAAEF93B" box="[1149,1320,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4C01F967FB13F93B" box="[1149,1173,1670,1695]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. guacamayo
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC4723A48BAF94FFA84F89B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1389,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A48BAF94FFE65F963" box="[198,483,1710,1735]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A48BAF94FFE65F963" box="[198,483,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4A00F94FFC94F963" box="[636,786,1710,1735]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percrassa">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4A00F94FFC94F963" box="[636,786,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4A00F94FFD12F963" box="[636,660,1710,1735]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. percrassa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a more rounded snout in lateral view (truncate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4D03F94FFE8CF94B" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percrassa">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4D03F94FFE8CF94B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4D03F94FFA11F963" box="[1407,1431,1710,1735]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. percrassa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), dorsum smooth with interspersed pustules (covered with small and large pustules in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4C89F937FA0DF94B" box="[1269,1419,1750,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percrassa">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4C89F937FA0DF94B" box="[1269,1419,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4C89F937FA8BF94B" box="[1269,1293,1750,1775]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. percrassa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a ventral color pattern composed of small, yellowish cream pustules (composed of large, irregular yellowish gray blotches in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4925F8C7FE69F89B" box="[345,495,1830,1855]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percrassa">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4925F8C7FE69F89B" box="[345,495,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4925F8C7FEF7F89B" box="[345,369,1830,1855]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. percrassa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a pale brown dorsum in preservative (black in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4C27F8C7FB76F89B" box="[1115,1264,1830,1855]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percrassa">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4C27F8C7FB76F89B" box="[1115,1264,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4C27F8C7FBF5F89B" box="[1115,1139,1830,1855]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. percrassa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC4723A48BAF8AFFE47F87B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1389,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A48BAF8AFFE63F8C3" box="[198,485,1870,1895]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A48BAF8AFFE63F8C3" box="[198,485,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4AF8F8AFFCB8F8C3" box="[644,830,1870,1895]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumacoensis">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4AF8F8AFFCB8F8C3" box="[644,830,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4AF8F8AFFD1AF8C3" box="[644,668,1870,1895]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. sumacoensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having an atlas that is discrete and not fused to Presacral II (fused in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A49ECF897FDCEF82B" box="[400,584,1910,1935]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumacoensis">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A49ECF897FDCEF82B" box="[400,584,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A49ECF897FE2EF82B" box="[400,424,1910,1935]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. sumacoensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), yellowish-brown or reddish-brown dorsum in life (dark brown or black in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A48C9F87FFEE8F813" box="[181,366,1950,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumacoensis">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A48C9F87FFEE8F813" box="[181,366,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A48C9F87FFF4BF813" box="[181,205,1950,1975]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. sumacoensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and a venter that is brown with yellowish-cream pustules in life (black or blue with black spots in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC4723A4884F827FE36F87B" box="[248,432,1990,2015]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumacoensis">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC4723A4884F827FE36F87B" box="[248,432,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC4723A4884F827FE96F87B" box="[248,272,1990,2015]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">O</collectingCountry>
. sumacoensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF02663AFFC3723D48EBFABCFF5AFA1E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183161/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[422,1160,204,1322]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC3723D48EBFABCFF5AFA1E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1373,1466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC3723D48EBFABCFE9DFAD1" bold="true" box="[151,283,1373,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head (QCAZ 14082 and QCAZ 14080, respectively) and ventral views of palmar (C) and plantar (D) surfaces (QCAZ 14080 and QCAZ 14082, respectively) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC3723D4CEAFA60FAB9FA3C" box="[1174,1343,1409,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufoniformis">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC3723D4CEAFA60FAB9FA3C" box="[1174,1343,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">O. bufoniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale = 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC3723D48BAFA08FE9CF9F6" blockId="4.[151,1436,1512,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC3723D48BAFA08FE64F9A6" box="[198,482,1513,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC3723D48BAFA08FE64F9A6" box="[198,482,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC3723D4A00FA08FD6BF9A6" box="[636,749,1513,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talipes">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC3723D4A00FA08FD6BF9A6" box="[636,749,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC3723D4A00FA08FD12F9A6" box="[636,660,1513,1538]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. talipes
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a snout that is relatively more rounded in dorsal and lateral views (highly acuminate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC3723D4A21F9F0FD49F98E" box="[605,719,1553,1578]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talipes">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC3723D4A21F9F0FD49F98E" box="[605,719,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC3723D4A21F9F0FDF3F98E" box="[605,629,1553,1578]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. talipes
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a head that is wider than long (about as wide as long in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC3723D48EBF9D8FE8FF9F6" box="[151,265,1593,1618]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talipes">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC3723D48EBF9D8FE8FF9F6" box="[151,265,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC3723D48EBF9D8FF29F9F6" box="[151,175,1593,1618]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. talipes
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC3723D48BAF980FA10F836" blockId="4.[151,1436,1512,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC3723D48BAF980FE78F9DE" box="[198,510,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC3723D4904F980FE5AF9DE" box="[376,476,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.—
</emphasis>
Head wider than long (HL 91.85% HW). Snout with papilla at tip, rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Tip of snout extending slightly beyond anterior margin of upper jaw. Canthus rostralis prominent, forming a crest angled medially from anterior margin of orbit to narial region in dorsal view, convex in lateral view, widened around naris. Nostrils directed laterally. Interorbital region smooth, depressed. Upper eyelid weakly rugose with small, flat pustules and pustular margin forming a glandular ridge continuous with canthus rostralis. Infraorbital region smooth with few scattered, inconspicuous glandular pustules. Tympanum absent. Occipital region bearing large, glandular warts. Loreal region smooth, slightly concave. Lips smooth, prominent. Tongue oval, pigmented at base. Choanae small, round, vomerine teeth absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC3723C48BAF841FAAEFEF6" blockId="4.[151,1436,1512,2018]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Skin on dorsum lacking conical tubercules, but interspersed with glandular pustules of different sizes. Some pustules forming conspicuous non-continuous ridges. Postorbital ridge oblique, extending from posterior margin of eyelid to paravertebral ridge. Glandular ridge along iliac crest, continuous with paravertebral ridge. Dorsolateral ridge extending from posterolateral margin of eyelid to paravertebral ridge at superior margin of cloaca. Flank of abdomen rugose, bearing numerous small warts interspersed with few large, pustular warts. Venter slightly rugose with numerous clusters of small, round pustules. Gular fold pronounced. Cloaca directed posteroventrally, positioned on inconspicuous cloacal tube. Supracloacal wart azygous.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF02663AFFC2723C48EBF95DFF76F952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183162/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[225,1363,392,1689]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC2723C48EBF95DFF76F952" blockId="5.[151,1436,1724,1782]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC2723C48EBF95DFE9BF970" bold="true" box="[151,285,1724,1748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Dorsal views of vertebral column (A) and hand (B) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC2723C4BD8F95CFB2DF970" box="[932,1195,1725,1748]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC2723C4BD8F95CFB2DF970" box="[932,1195,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(QCAZ 13320, adult female).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC2723C48BAF8CBFBFAF840" blockId="5.[151,1437,1834,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Limbs slender. Skin on dorsal surfaces of limbs warty. Dorsal skin of forelimb with many small, tuberculate warts. Dorsal surface of hind limb with larger, pustular warts. Ventral surfaces of thighs covered with tuberculate warts; shanks with low, rounded, pustular warts. Palmar and plantar surfaces bearing numerous tubercles. Tips of fingers and toes free of webbing, fleshy pad on ventral surface of each tip. Length of fingers: III&gt; IV&gt; II&gt; I; length of toes: IV&gt; V&gt; III&gt; II&gt; I. Inguinal fat bodies absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC1723F48BAFF79FBEAFF7E" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F48BAFF79FD1FFF15" box="[198,665,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
Color of the 
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC1723F4920FF79FE47FF15" box="[348,449,152,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservative.—
</emphasis>
Dorsum yellowish pale brown. Venter dark brown with yellowish clusters of pustules. Cloacal area black. Palmar and plantar surfaces reddish-brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC1723F48BAFF09FEF4FEF6" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F48BAFF09FDB5FEA5" box="[198,563,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
Color of the 
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC1723F4923FF09FE42FEA5" box="[351,452,232,257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in life.—
</emphasis>
Dorsum yellowish-brown. Iris dark brown with few golden flecks. Venter reddish-brown with clusters of cream pustules. Flanks with clusters of yellow pustules on. Palmar and plantar surfaces pale pink.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC1723F48BAFE81FD48FE56" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F48BAFE81FD21FEDD" box="[198,679,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
Measurements of the 
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC1723F49C3FE81FDA2FEDD" box="[447,548,352,377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(in mm).—
</emphasis>
SVL = 41.3; TIB = 13.5; FL = 16.2; HW = 13.5; HL = 12.4; IOD = 5.0; 
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC1723F489EFE69FE90FE06" box="[226,278,392,418]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">IND</collectingCountry>
= 3.5; EN = 2.7; ED = 2.9; NR = 2.4; EW = 3.0. Morphometric ratios for 
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC1723F4C0BFE69FB5BFE06" box="[1143,1245,392,418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are followed by ranges of seven 
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC1723F4928FE51FE42FE6E" box="[340,452,432,458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in parentheses: TIB/SVL = 0.33 (0.29–0.34); HW/HL = 1.09 (1.09–1.25); HL/SVL = 0.3 (0.25–0.29); HW/SVL = 0.33 (0.30–0.34).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC1723F48BAFDE1FBA1FC26" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F48BAFDE1FD97FDBD" box="[198,529,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Osteological characteristics</emphasis>
.—Six discrete presacral vertebrae present, atlas and axis free, width of transverse processes and sacral diapophyses: Sacrum = IV&gt; III&gt;V 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F4B00FDCAFC0FFDE4" bold="true" box="[892,905,555,576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">≈</emphasis>
VI&gt; II. Transverse processes nearly perpendicular to notochordal axis in Presacrals V and VI, directed anteriorly in Presacral II, and posteriorly in Presacrals III, IV. The bony sacral diapophyses are broadly expanded and fused to the urostyle, which is expanded laterally and bears a low dorsal crest throughout a third of its length (
<figureCitation id="13462A37FFC1723F4C39FD41FB0AFD1E" box="[1093,1164,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,392,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[212,1381,386,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal views of vertebral column (A) and hand (B) of Osornophryne puruanta (QCAZ 13320, adult female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183162/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). The carpus is composed of a radiale, ulnare, Element 
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC1723F4A49FD29FDCCFD46" box="[565,586,712,738]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Y</collectingCountry>
, Carpal 1, and a large postaxial element assumed to represent a fusion of Carpals 2–4. The prepollex is composed of one small bone that articulates with the proximal end of Metacarpal I. All carpal elements are tightly articulated. Phalangeal formula of hand: 2-2-3-3 (
<figureCitation id="13462A37FFC1723F4CDAFCF9FB76FC96" box="[1190,1264,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,392,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[212,1381,386,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal views of vertebral column (A) and hand (B) of Osornophryne puruanta (QCAZ 13320, adult female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183162/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B); phalangeal formula of foot variable: 1-2-2-4-2 (QCAZ 7684) or 1-2-2-4-1 (QCAZ 13320). Posterior sternal elements covered by 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F4963FC89FE49FC25" box="[287,463,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">m. vagina recti</emphasis>
(see da 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B43FFC1723F4A4CFC89FCEBFC26" author="Silva" box="[560,877,872,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="da Silva, H. R., &amp; Mendelson III, J. R. (1999) A new organ and sternal morphology in toads (Anura: Bufonidae): descriptions, taxonomic distribution, and evolution. Herpetologica, 55, 114 - 126." type="journal article" year="1999">Silva and Mendelson 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Stapes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC1723F48BAFC71FDD3FB66" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F48BAFC71FED4FC0D" box="[198,338,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Va r ia ti o n. —</emphasis>
Snout without papilla at tip, rounded in dorsal and lateral views (QCAZ 7685). Snout slightly protruding in lateral view (EPN 7083). Atlas and presacral Vertebra II partially fused (QCAZ 7684). Variation in measurements and proportions is presented in 
<tableCitation id="C6FF0309FFC1723F4A9DFC01FCBDFC5E" box="[737,827,992,1018]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1271,1295]" captionTargetBox="[159,1392,1362,1727]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements taken from the type series (ranges in mm). See Materials and Methods for definitions of abbreviations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF02663AFFC1723F48EBFB16FF75FA95" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="DF02663AFFC1723F48EBFB16FF75FA95">Table 1</tableCitation>
. In preservative, tongue slightly pigmented at base (QCAZ 13320) or unpigmented (QCAZ 13271, EPN 7082–83); venter mostly dark gray with pale yellow pustules (QCAZ 7685, EPN 7083) or mostly pale yellow with grayish-brown reticulations (QCAZ 13271, QCAZ 13320, EPN 7081–82). In life, dorsum pale reddish brown (QCAZ 13271, QCAZ 13320); iris dark gray with white flecks (QCAZ 13271, QCAZ 13320, EPN 7082–83); palmar and plantar surfaces pink (QCAZ 13271, QCAZ 13320) or red (EPN 7082–83).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF02663AFFC1723F48EBFB16FF75FA95" ID-Table-UUID="DF02663AFFC1723F48EBFB16FF75FA95" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF02663AFFC1723F48EBFB16FF75FA95" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[159,1392,1362,1727]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC1723F48EBFB16FF75FA95" blockId="6.[151,1436,1271,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F48EBFB16FF7DFAAB" bold="true" box="[151,251,1271,1295]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements taken from the type series (ranges in mm). See Materials and Methods for definitions of abbreviations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC1723F48E3FAB3FAEFF91B" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<table id="F97DC412FFC18DC648E3FAB3FAF6F91B" box="[159,1392,1362,1727]" gridcols="9" gridrows="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<tr id="354D34F0FFC18DC648E3FAB3FAF6FACD" box="[159,1392,1362,1385]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC648E3FAB3FEB6FACD" box="[159,304,1362,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Specimen</th>
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64916FAB3FE1AFACD" box="[362,412,1362,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">SVL</th>
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC6499CFAB3FD89FACD" box="[480,527,1362,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">TIB</th>
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64A39FAB3FDF2FACD" box="[581,628,1362,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">FL</th>
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64AD5FAB3FD5FFACD" box="[681,729,1362,1385]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">HW</th>
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B72FAB3FCBBFACD" box="[782,829,1362,1385]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">HL</th>
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B0EFAB3FB1AFACD" box="[882,1180,1362,1385]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">IOD IND END ED</th>
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64CA2FAB3FA85FACD" box="[1246,1283,1362,1385]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">NR</th>
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64D3BFAB3FAF6FACD" box="[1351,1392,1362,1385]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">EW</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354D34F0FFC18DC648E3FA9CFAF6FA30" box="[159,1392,1405,1428]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC648E3FA9CFEB6FA30" box="[159,304,1405,1428]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">QCAZ 7684</th>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64916FA9CFE1AFA30" box="[362,412,1405,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">42.0</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC6499CFA9CFD89FA30" box="[480,527,1405,1428]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">14.2</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64A39FA9CFDF2FA30" box="[581,628,1405,1428]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">15.4</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64AD5FA9CFD5FFA30" box="[681,729,1405,1428]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">13.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B72FA9CFCBBFA30" box="[782,829,1405,1428]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">11.8</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B0EFA9CFB1AFA30" box="[882,1180,1405,1428]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">6.6 3.7 2.6 3.0</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64CA2FA9CFA85FA30" box="[1246,1283,1405,1428]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.4</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64D3BFA9CFAF6FA30" box="[1351,1392,1405,1428]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354D34F0FFC18DC648E3FA49FAF6FA1B" box="[159,1392,1448,1471]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC648E3FA49FEB6FA1B" box="[159,304,1448,1471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">QCAZ 7685</th>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64916FA49FE1AFA1B" box="[362,412,1448,1471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">42.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC6499CFA49FD89FA1B" box="[480,527,1448,1471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">13.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64A39FA49FDF2FA1B" box="[581,628,1448,1471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">15.0</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64AD5FA49FD5FFA1B" box="[681,729,1448,1471]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">12.7</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B72FA49FCBBFA1B" box="[782,829,1448,1471]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">11.2</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B0EFA49FB1AFA1B" box="[882,1180,1448,1471]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">6.4 3.6 2.2 3.4</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64CA2FA49FA85FA1B" box="[1246,1283,1448,1471]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.3</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64D3BFA49FAF6FA1B" box="[1351,1392,1448,1471]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354D34F0FFC18DC648E3FA33FAF6FA4D" box="[159,1392,1490,1513]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC648E3FA33FEB6FA4D" box="[159,304,1490,1513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">QCAZ 11471</th>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64916FA33FE1AFA4D" box="[362,412,1490,1513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">41.3</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC6499CFA33FD89FA4D" box="[480,527,1490,1513]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">13.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64A39FA33FDF2FA4D" box="[581,628,1490,1513]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">16.2</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64AD5FA33FD5FFA4D" box="[681,729,1490,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">13.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B72FA33FCBBFA4D" box="[782,829,1490,1513]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">12.4</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B0EFA33FB1AFA4D" box="[882,1180,1490,1513]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">5.0 3.5 2.7 2.9</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64CA2FA33FA85FA4D" box="[1246,1283,1490,1513]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.4</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64D3BFA33FAF6FA4D" box="[1351,1392,1490,1513]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354D34F0FFC18DC648E3FA1CFAF6F9B0" box="[159,1392,1533,1556]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC648E3FA1CFEB6F9B0" box="[159,304,1533,1556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">QCAZ 13271</th>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64916FA1CFE1AF9B0" box="[362,412,1533,1556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">45.4</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC6499CFA1CFD89F9B0" box="[480,527,1533,1556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">13.6</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64A39FA1CFDF2F9B0" box="[581,628,1533,1556]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">15.6</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64AD5FA1CFD5FF9B0" box="[681,729,1533,1556]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">14.2</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B72FA1CFCBBF9B0" box="[782,829,1533,1556]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">11.4</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B0EFA1CFB1AF9B0" box="[882,1180,1533,1556]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">6.0 3.6 2.4 3.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64CA2FA1CFA85F9B0" box="[1246,1283,1533,1556]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64D3BFA1CFAF6F9B0" box="[1351,1392,1533,1556]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354D34F0FFC18DC648E3F9C9FAF6F99B" box="[159,1392,1576,1599]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC648E3F9C9FEB6F99B" box="[159,304,1576,1599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">QCAZ 13320</th>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64916F9C9FE1AF99B" box="[362,412,1576,1599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">43.8</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC6499CF9C9FD89F99B" box="[480,527,1576,1599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">12.7</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64A39F9C9FDF2F99B" box="[581,628,1576,1599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">14.7</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64AD5F9C9FD5FF99B" box="[681,729,1576,1599]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">14.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B72F9C9FCBBF99B" box="[782,829,1576,1599]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">11.8</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B0EF9C9FB1AF99B" box="[882,1180,1576,1599]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">6.6 3.8 2.3 3.6</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64CA2F9C9FA85F99B" box="[1246,1283,1576,1599]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.6</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64D3BF9C9FAF6F99B" box="[1351,1392,1576,1599]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354D34F0FFC18DC648E3F9B3FAF6F9CD" box="[159,1392,1618,1641]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC648E3F9B3FEB6F9CD" box="[159,304,1618,1641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">QCAZ 7083</th>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64916F9B3FE1AF9CD" box="[362,412,1618,1641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">47.1</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC6499CF9B3FD89F9CD" box="[480,527,1618,1641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">14.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64A39F9B3FDF2F9CD" box="[581,628,1618,1641]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">15.8</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64AD5F9B3FD5FF9CD" box="[681,729,1618,1641]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">14.2</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B72F9B3FCBBF9CD" box="[782,829,1618,1641]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">13.0</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B0EF9B3FB1AF9CD" box="[882,1180,1618,1641]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">7.1 4.2 2.4 3.8</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64CA2F9B3FA85F9CD" box="[1246,1283,1618,1641]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.9</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64D3BF9B3FAF6F9CD" box="[1351,1392,1618,1641]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354D34F0FFC18DC648E3F99CFAF6F930" box="[159,1392,1661,1684]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC648E3F99CFEB6F930" box="[159,304,1661,1684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">EPN 7081</th>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64916F99CFE1AF930" box="[362,412,1661,1684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">40.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC6499CF99CFD89F930" box="[480,527,1661,1684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">11.7</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64A39F99CFDF2F930" box="[581,628,1661,1684]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">14.6</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64AD5F99CFD5FF930" box="[681,729,1661,1684]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">13.8</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B72F99CFCBBF930" box="[782,829,1661,1684]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">11.6</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B0EF99CFB1AF930" box="[882,1180,1661,1684]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">7.6 4.0 2.5 3.3</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64CA2F99CFA85F930" box="[1246,1283,1661,1684]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64D3BF99CFAF6F930" box="[1351,1392,1661,1684]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354D34F0FFC18DC648E3F949FAF6F91B" box="[159,1392,1704,1727]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<th id="769C5D8CFFC18DC648E3F949FEB6F91B" box="[159,304,1704,1727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">EPN 7082</th>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64916F949FE1AF91B" box="[362,412,1704,1727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">44.9</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC6499CF949FD89F91B" box="[480,527,1704,1727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">13.1</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64A39F949FDF2F91B" box="[581,628,1704,1727]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">14.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64AD5F949FD5FF91B" box="[681,729,1704,1727]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">14.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B72F949FCBBF91B" box="[782,829,1704,1727]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">12.3</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64B0EF949FB1AF91B" box="[882,1180,1704,1727]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">7.0 3.7 2.7 3.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64CA2F949FA85F91B" box="[1246,1283,1704,1727]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.5</td>
<td id="769C5D8CFFC18DC64D3BF949FAF6F91B" box="[1351,1392,1704,1727]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">3.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3676539FFC1723E48BAF8F1FD2EFAEC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC1723F48BAF8F1FDF2F8F6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1808,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F48BAF8F1FEE5F88D" box="[198,355,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Etymology.—</emphasis>
The specific name is an indeclinable noun and refers to the Laguna de 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC1723F4CC1F8F1FAA3F88E" box="[1213,1317,1808,1834]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Puruanta</taxonomicName>
(or Puruhanta) in the vicinity of the 
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC1723F49A0F8D9FD89F8F6" box="[476,527,1848,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC1723E48BAF881FC0AFF7E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1808,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,1552]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC1723F48BAF881FDE0F8DD" box="[198,614,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
Ecology.— 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC1723F493BF881FDE0F8DD" box="[327,614,1888,1913]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Osornophryne puruanta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known from eight specimens, all adult females. Two specimens were collected active at night, one on an epiphytic bromeliad (QCAZ 7685) one on the ground (QCAZ 7684) and the remaining six specimens were found under logs (QCAZ 11471, QCAZ 13271, and QCAZ 13320) or in the bases of plants of the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC1723F4A4CF839FD16F856" box="[560,656,2008,2034]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
(EPN 7081–83) during the day. This species is probably nocturnal since no individuals were observed active during the day despite extensive search efforts. It is likely that 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E48EBFF21FEC6FF7D" box="[151,320,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E48EBFF21FEC6FF7D" box="[151,320,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Osornophryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are semi-fossorial, at least during the day.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC0723E48BAFF09FA9CFD8C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
Clutch size in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4905FF09FD1FFEA5" box="[377,665,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4905FF09FD1FFEA5" box="[377,665,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Osornophryne puruanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is comparable to that reported for 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4C3BFF09FB73FEA5" box="[1095,1269,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guacamayo">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4C3BFF09FB73FEA5" box="[1095,1269,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC0723E4C3BFF09FBD9FEA5" box="[1095,1119,232,257]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
. guacamayo
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(35– 
<specimenCount id="9D7BFD3BFFC0723E4D49FF09FAD5FEA6" box="[1333,1363,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" type="egg">50</specimenCount>
eggs; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B43FFC0723E48EBFEF1FD91FE8E" author="Gluesenkamp" box="[151,535,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Gluesenkamp, A. G., &amp; Acosta, N. (2001) Sexual dimorphism in Osornophryne guacamayo with notes on natural history and reproduction in the species. Journal of Herpetology, 35, 148 - 151." type="journal article" year="2001">Gluesenkamp and Acosta, 2001</bibRefCitation>
). One specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4B7EFEF1FC15FE8D" box="[770,915,272,297]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4B7EFEF1FC15FE8D" box="[770,915,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry id="F36A7622FFC0723E4B7EFEF1FC9CFE8D" box="[770,794,272,297]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
. puruanta
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(QCAZ 7684) had 30 mature ovarian eggs with a maximum diameter of 
<quantity id="4C859B57FFC0723E498AFEDEFDD9FEFD" box="[502,607,319,345]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3.15">3.15 mm</quantity>
(x = 2.73 ± 0.14), and another (QCAZ 13320) had 31 mature ovarian eggs with a maximum diameter of 
<quantity id="4C859B57FFC0723E4A4AFE8FFD26FE2C" box="[566,672,366,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.61" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3.61">3.61 mm</quantity>
(x = 3.05 ± 0.26). 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4BF4FE8EFB2AFE2C" box="[904,1196,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4BF4FE8EFB2FFE2C" box="[904,1193,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Osornophryne puruanta</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
as other member of the genus, is presumed to have terrestrial eggs that undergo direct development (Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Hernández- Camacho 1976). Stomach contents of QCAZ 7684 consisted of a beetle (
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4C58FE5FFB5AFE7C" box="[1060,1244,446,472]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
), hymenopteran wings, a coleopteran larvae, and incidental plant material. Anurans present at the 
<typeStatus id="54C68810FFC0723E4C25FE07FB0DFDA4" box="[1113,1163,486,512]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
locality include 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4D2DFE06FD7EFD8C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4D2DFE06FED6FD8C" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Pristimantis buckleyi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4920FDEEFDFBFD8C" authority="Phrynopus" authorityName="Phrynopus" box="[348,637,527,552]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trepidotus">P. trepidotus, Phrynopus</taxonomicName>
brunneus,
</emphasis>
and three unidentified species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4CF8FDEEFA95FD8C" box="[1156,1299,527,552]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4CF8FDEEFA95FD8C" box="[1156,1299,527,552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Pristimantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC0723E48BAFDD7FF56FC34" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
Vegetation at Laguna de 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4996FDD7FDD4FDF4" box="[490,594,566,592]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Puruanta</taxonomicName>
consists of dense forest patches dominated by 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4C06FDD6FB5AFDF4" box="[1146,1244,567,592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4C06FDD6FB5AFDF4" box="[1146,1244,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Miconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees, which are covered with a variety of epiphytic plants including arboreal bromeliads of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4CF9FDBEFB7CFDDC" box="[1157,1274,607,632]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4CF9FDBEFB7CFDDC" box="[1157,1274,607,632]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Tillandsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ferns of several genera (
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E494CFD66FDD6FD04" box="[304,592,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Polipodium, Jamesonia,</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4AECFD66FCC8FD04" box="[656,846,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4AECFD66FCC1FD04" box="[656,839,647,672]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Elaphoglossum</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4B26FD67FB8CFD04" box="[858,1034,646,672]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
), orchids (
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4CF7FD66FA9AFD04" box="[1163,1308,647,672]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epidendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4CF7FD66FA9AFD04" box="[1163,1308,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Epidendrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4D20FD66FF7EFD6C" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pleurothallis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4D20FD66FF7EFD6C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Pleurothallis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and mosses. Patches of forest are surrounded by members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4CE8FD4FFA80FD6C" box="[1172,1286,686,712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4D5FFD4EFE4CFD54" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4D5FFD4EFA1EFD6C" box="[1315,1432,687,712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pernettya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pernettya</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E48EBFD36FEAAFD54" box="[151,300,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Cavendishia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cavendishia</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E493FFD36FE41FD54" box="[323,455,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Psammisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Psammisia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4A65FD36FD0EFD54" box="[537,648,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Va c c i n u m</emphasis>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4AD2FD37FCA8FD54" box="[686,814,726,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4B37FD36FC44FD54" box="[843,962,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4B37FD36FC44FD54" box="[843,962,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4C6DFD36FBF7FD54" box="[1041,1137,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gynoxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4C6DFD36FBF7FD54" box="[1041,1137,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Gynoxis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4CADFD37FEBCFCBC" authority="(Brachyotum)" baseAuthorityName="Brachyotum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
Melastomataceae (
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E48DDFD1EFEB6FCBC" box="[161,304,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Brachyotum</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
families. Flat, wet areas are dominated by grasses (
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4BC3FD1EFBC7FCBC" box="[959,1089,767,792]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cortaderia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4BC3FD1EFBC7FCBC" box="[959,1089,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Cortaderia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4CFFFD1EFB66FCBC" box="[1155,1248,767,792]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4CFFFD1EFB66FCBC" box="[1155,1248,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Festuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4C80FD1FFA1DFCBC" box="[1276,1435,766,792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hypericaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E48DDFCC6FE3FFCE4" box="[161,441,807,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Hypericum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laricifolium">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E48DDFCC6FE3FFCE4" box="[161,441,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Hypericum laricifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4A79FCC7FD00FCE4" box="[517,646,806,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4AE0FCC6FC3AFCE4" box="[668,956,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4AE0FCC6FC89FCE4" box="[668,783,807,832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Loricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Loricaria</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4B5CFCC6FC3EFCE4" box="[800,952,807,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hypochaeris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hypochaeris</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4B83FCC6FBEFFCE4" box="[1023,1129,807,832]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Werneria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4B83FCC6FBEFFCE4" box="[1023,1129,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Werneria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Museo Ecuatoriano de 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B43FFC0723E48EBFCAFFE3BFCCC" author="Ciencias" box="[151,445,846,872]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (1987) Expedicion cientifica de reconocimiento ecologico de la Laguna de Puruhanta. Revista Geografica, 25, 7 - 28." type="journal article" year="1987">Ciencias Naturales 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Arborescent ferns (
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4ACBFCAEFCAAFCCC" box="[695,812,847,872]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4ACBFCAEFCAAFCCC" box="[695,812,847,872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Blechnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and terrestrial bromeliads (
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4CFCFCAEFB3AFCCC" box="[1152,1212,847,872]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4CFCFCAEFB3AFCCC" box="[1152,1212,847,872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Puya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are present in the area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC0723E48BAFC7FFD2EFAEC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
The anuran community at Laguna de San Marcos includes 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4B07FC7EFEA1FC44" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4B07FC7EFBF5FC1C" box="[891,1139,927,952]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtipes">Pristimantis curtipes</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4C03FC7EFB73FC1C" box="[1151,1269,927,952]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="devillei">P. devillei</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4D7EFC7EFEA1FC44" authority="Gastrotheca" authorityName="Gastrotheca" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trepidotus">P. trepidotus, Gastrotheca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp., and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E49EAFC26FDFFFC44" box="[406,633,967,992]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E49EAFC26FDFFFC44" box="[406,633,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Atelopus ignescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not observed since 1985). The forest canopy reaches 
<quantity id="4C859B57FFC0723E4D71FC27FACDFC44" box="[1293,1355,966,992]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
and is dominated by 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E493DFC0EFC98FBAC" box="[321,798,1006,1032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gaiadendorn" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E493DFC0EFDE7FBAC" box="[321,609,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Gaiadendorn punctatum</emphasis>
(Loranthaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4B57FC0EFBC1FBAC" box="[811,1095,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Weinmmania fagaroides</emphasis>
(Cunnoniaceae), 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4D65FC0EFA1AFBAC" box="[1305,1436,1007,1032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Oreopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4D65FC0EFA1AFBAC" box="[1305,1436,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Oreopanax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E48ACFBF7FED2FB94" box="[208,340,1046,1072]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E49D6FBF6FD8AFB94" box="[426,524,1047,1072]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E49D6FBF6FD8AFB94" box="[426,524,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Miconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4A28FBF7FCA1FB94" box="[596,807,1046,1072]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
). Numerous epiphytes (primarily mosses, orchids, lichens, and bromeliads) cover the trees. The middle stratum of the forest is composed of the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4D46FBDEFEFFFB24" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4D46FBDEFA1AFBFC" box="[1338,1436,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Miconia</emphasis>
(Melastomataceae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E49FAFB86FD34FB24" box="[390,690,1126,1152]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E49FAFB86FE6DFB24" box="[390,491,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Berberis</emphasis>
(Berberidaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4A8EFB86FC71FB24" box="[754,1015,1126,1152]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gynoxys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4A8EFB86FCD1FB24" box="[754,855,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Gynoxys</emphasis>
(Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
. The lower stratum includes terrestrial ferns and species of the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4A3CFB6EFC98FB0C" box="[576,798,1166,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4A3CFB6EFD07FB0C" box="[576,641,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Piper</emphasis>
(Piperaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4B57FB6EFBBCFB0C" box="[811,1082,1166,1192]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Loricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4B57FB6EFC1DFB0C" box="[811,923,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Loricaria</emphasis>
(Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4C3AFB6EFB38FB0C" box="[1094,1214,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Pernnetya</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4CB2FB6FFAC0FB0C" box="[1230,1350,1166,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4D27FB6EFEEFFB74" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" genus="Ribes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E4D27FB6EFA1AFB0C" box="[1371,1436,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Ribes</emphasis>
(Grossulariaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E49DAFB56FC9AFB74" box="[422,796,1206,1232]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Brachyotum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E49DAFB56FDB3FB74" box="[422,565,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Brachyotum</emphasis>
(Melastomataceae)
</taxonomicName>
(S. R. Espinosa and R. Montúfar, pers. comm.). Both localities are in areas classified as Evergreen High Montane Forest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B43FFC0723E4BBEFB3FFB37FB5C" author="Valencia" box="[962,1201,1246,1272]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Valencia, R., Ceron, C., Palacios, W., &amp; Sierra, R. (1999) Las formaciones naturales de la sierra del Ecuador. Pp. 79 - 108. In: R. Sierra (Ed.), Propuesta Preliminar de un Sistema de Clasificacion de Vegetacion para el Ecuador Continental. Proyecto INEFAN / GEF-BIRF y EcoCiencia. Quito, Ecuador." type="book chapter" year="1999">Valencia et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
) or Very Wet Montane Forest life zone (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B43FFC0723E49EFFAE7FDD7FA84" author="Holdridge" box="[403,593,1286,1312]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Holdridge, L. R. (1967) Life Zone Ecology. Tropical Science Center, San Jose, Costa Rica." type="book" year="1967">Holdridge 1967</bibRefCitation>
), and have annual temperatures between 7 and 12°C and an annual rainfall of 
<quantity id="4C859B57FFC0723E4899FACFFE18FAEC" box="[229,414,1326,1352]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1500.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–2000 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B43FFC0723E49D1FACFFD1DFAEC" author="Canadas-Cruz" box="[429,667,1326,1352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Canadas-Cruz, L. (1983) El mapa bioclimatico y ecologico del Ecuador. Banco Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1983">Cañadas-Cruz 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3676539FFC0723E48BAFAB6FE7EF9B4" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC236B2FFC0723E48BAFAB6FE7EF9B4" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B909EAA0FFC0723E48BAFAB6FEF1FAD4" box="[198,375,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Distribution.—</emphasis>
This species is known only from Laguna de 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4BFFFAB7FC6DFAD4" box="[899,1003,1366,1392]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Puruanta</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE495075FFC0723E4B87FAB7FBEEFAD4" box="[1019,1128,1366,1392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="0.2">00°12' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE495075FFC0723E4C08FAB7FB65FAD4" box="[1140,1251,1366,1392]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-77.95">77°57' W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C859B57FFC0723E4C8CFAB7FA12FAD4" box="[1264,1428,1366,1392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3250.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000–3500 m</quantity>
) on the western slopes of the Cordillera de Pimampiro, Provincia Imbabura, and the vicinity of Laguna de San Marcos (
<geoCoordinate id="EE495075FFC0723E4883FA47FE1BFA64" box="[255,413,1446,1472]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" precision="15" value="0.12638889">00°07' 35&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE495075FFC0723E49D6FA47FDCDFA64" box="[426,587,1446,1472]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" precision="15" value="-77.93055">77°55' 50&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C859B57FFC0723E4A2BFA47FD33FA64" box="[599,693,1446,1472]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</quantity>
). Laguna de San Marcos is located on the eastern slopes of the Filo de Talcas, approximately 
<quantity id="4C859B57FFC0723E4A7FFA2FFDC4FA4C" box="[515,578,1486,1512]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
S Laguna de 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D31FFC0723E4A90FA2FFCD1FA4C" box="[748,855,1486,1512]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puruanta">Puruanta</taxonomicName>
, on the border between Provincia Pichincha and Provincia Sucumbíos (
<figureCitation id="13462A37FFC0723E49DDFA17FE6EF9B4" box="[417,488,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[230,1374,200,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[223,1375,188,1624]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Schematic map showing the known distribution of species in the genus Osornophryne." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183163/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>