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<document id="3F89935C4D7CFBA12C7B9DB67B32CE1F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261270" ID-ZooBank="37D2D7F2-FA0C-40E9-B6D0-9C74EBB6C7F0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629845627142" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Reiswig, Henry M. &amp; Stone, Robert P." docDate="2013" docId="03D287B2FFBF36209AD7FE562B7EFDC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03628p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3628 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Farrea aleutiana Reiswig &amp; Stone 2013, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFEBFFCAFFB836299A40FF842E67FFFC" masterDocTitle="&lt;strong&gt; New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska &lt;/ strong&gt;" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1699120432012" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C0C43DAF115ABADA1E113394E6C0C9A8">&lt;strong&gt; New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska &lt;/ strong&gt;</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BFC3734FA3C1EDC9C461D5401B47784C">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="73225F8FCDDD0F8311A654BF9E6A373F">Stone, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="62A3A39587E3FBC6331832BCDBA0EA02">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="46D924BF804742AC05F28309E8311A8F">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5D1DCE164D8E27A123F1AB1A48E70EBC">2013-03-18</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="67D8F26BCA4428857251690E7ED1977C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3ACFE5D563ABD911244D9922C5816A13" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="06E07D7D5A0560F67A2448E7261FAD60" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C786E865A2C5E3DEC8F55C2E1E1480F4" type="Zenodo-Dep">5261270</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D287B2FFBF36209AD7FE562B7EFDC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FFBF36209AD7FE562B7EFDC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B2FFBF36209AD7FE562B7EFDC0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C361652FFFBF362E9AD7FE562FC9FE10" box="[151,430,466,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFBF362E9AD7FE562FC9FE10" blockId="7.[151,430,466,525]" box="[151,430,466,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D08C81C8FFBF362E9AD7FE562FC9FE10" bold="true" box="[151,430,466,492]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFBF362E9AD7FE562FC9FE10" bold="true" box="[151,430,466,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFBF362E9AD7FE562F02FE10" ID-CoL="6HPJQ" authority="Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,357,466,492]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aleutiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFBF362E9AD7FE562F02FE10" bold="true" box="[151,357,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Farrea aleutiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFFBF362E9B2CFE562FC9FE10" box="[364,430,466,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFBF362E9AD7FE712FEEFDF1" blockId="7.[151,430,466,525]" box="[151,393,501,525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9ADFFE712E8AFDF1" box="[159,237,501,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-288@9.[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., body and framework. A. Frame grab from video footage of the holotype in situ before collection; the holotype is outlined by white line; arrowheads mark laser spots 10 cm apart. B. Largest fragments of the holotype, USNM# 1196548. C. Cleaned dictyonal framework viewed from atrial side showing relatively straight spurs at bottom (SEM). D. Higher magnification of framework showing smooth beam surfaces and spurs curved toward the growing margin (left) (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9B50FE712F47FDF1" box="[272,288,501,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFFBF362E9B6CFE712FE7FDF1" box="[300,384,501,525]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Dictyonal framework and spicule dimensions (in µm) of Farrea aleutiana, n. sp., USNM# 1196548, from S. Amchitka Pass, Aleutian Islands, Alaska." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFBF362E9AD7FDB92CE8FDAF" blockId="7.[151,655,573,595]" box="[151,655,573,595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Synonymy.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFBF362E9B4FFDBA2F31FDAF" authority="Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[271,342,574,595]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFBF362E9B4FFDBA2F31FDAF" box="[271,342,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Farrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFFBF362E9B1CFDBA2FCCFDAF" box="[348,427,574,595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFBF362E9BF0FDB92CECFDAF" author="Stone, R. P. &amp; Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H. M." box="[432,651,573,595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref37879" refString="Stone, R. P., Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H. M. (2011) A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS, 12, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2011">
Stone
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFBF362E9BB0FDBA2C43FDAF" box="[496,548,573,595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 18
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFBF362E9AD7FDFB2CE8FD23" blockId="7.[151,1436,639,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="3B133CF9FFBF362E9AD7FDFB2CE8FD23" collectingDate="2004-08-03" collectionCode="RV" county="Aleutian Islands" elevation="887" latitude="51.30915" location="Jason" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-179.52821" municipality="Amchitka Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="USNM# 1196548" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Material examined.
<typeStatus id="54C08806FFBF362E9B3AFDFB2F81FD6B" box="[378,486,639,663]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDFFFBF362E9BB1FDFB2CDBFD6B" box="[497,700,639,663]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">USNM# 1196548</specimenCode>
, ROV '
<location id="8EA4607FFFBF362E994EFDFB2D28FD6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FFBF36209AD7FE562B7EFDC0:8EA4607FFFBF362E994EFDFB2D28FD6B" box="[782,847,639,663]" county="Aleutian Islands" latitude="51.30915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-179.52821" municipality="Amchitka Pass" name="Jason" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Jason</location>
II' from
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE61FFBF362E99F5FD042DBEFD6B" box="[949,985,640,663]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">RV</collectionCode>
'
<location id="8EA4607FFFBF362E99A4FDFB2AF7FD6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FFBF36209AD7FE562B7EFDC0:8EA4607FFFBF362E99A4FDFB2AF7FD6B" box="[996,1168,639,663]" county="Aleutian Islands" latitude="51.30915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-179.52821" municipality="Amchitka Pass" name="Roger Revelle'" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Roger Revelle'</location>
, dive J2102,
<date id="FFC51064FFBF362E9F67FDFB2EB5FD40" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2004-08-03">
<collectingDate id="EF81E98CFFBF362E9F67FDFB2EB5FD40" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2004-08-03">03 August 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A762F86FFBF362E9AA7FD202CE2FD40" box="[231,645,676,700]" location="Amatignak Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<quantity id="4C839B41FFBF362E9AA7FD202F2AFD40" box="[231,333,676,700]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.67" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="26.7">26.7 km</quantity>
W of Amatignak Island
</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="8EA4607FFFBF362E98DBFD202D34FD40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FFBF36209AD7FE562B7EFDC0:8EA4607FFFBF362E98DBFD202D34FD40" box="[667,851,676,700]" county="Aleutian Islands" latitude="51.30915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-179.52821" municipality="Amchitka Pass" name="Delarof Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Delarof Islands</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0ACDEFFBF362E9928FD202A7BFD47" box="[872,1052,676,700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Amchitka Pass</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62A54E28FFBF362E9E72FD202A92FD40" box="[1074,1269,676,700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aleutian Islands</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FFBF362E9F4AFD202BFFFD40" box="[1290,1432,676,700]" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="18.549" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="51.30915">51º18.549'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FFBF362E9AD7FD432F51FD23" box="[151,310,711,735]" degrees="179" direction="west" minutes="31.693" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="-179.52821">179º31.693'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C839B41FFBF362E9B01FD432FEDFD23" box="[321,394,711,735]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.87" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="887.0">
<elevation id="0056D197FFBF362E9B01FD432FEDFD23" box="[321,394,711,735]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.87" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="887.0">887 m</elevation>
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, partial, dry &amp; ethanol.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFBF362E9A87FD682F25FC4B" blockId="7.[151,1436,639,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Description. The
<typeStatus id="54C08806FFBF362E9BD7FD682F9EFCF8" box="[407,505,748,772]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
consists of 15 fragments, the largest being
<quantity id="4C839B41FFBF362E9E4FFD682A03FCFF" box="[1039,1124,748,772]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
long, of a dichotomously branching tubular stock, with internode length greater than tube diameter, hence appearing spindly for a farreid (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9ADFFCB02F41FCB0" box="[159,294,820,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-288@9.[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., body and framework. A. Frame grab from video footage of the holotype in situ before collection; the holotype is outlined by white line; arrowheads mark laser spots 10 cm apart. B. Largest fragments of the holotype, USNM# 1196548. C. Cleaned dictyonal framework viewed from atrial side showing relatively straight spurs at bottom (SEM). D. Higher magnification of framework showing smooth beam surfaces and spurs curved toward the growing margin (left) (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3A, B</figureCitation>
); evidence of anastomosis is lacking in either the
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFBF362E991EFCB12DC2FCB0" box="[862,933,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in-situ</emphasis>
image (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9E42FCB02A3CFCB0" box="[1026,1115,820,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-288@9.[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., body and framework. A. Frame grab from video footage of the holotype in situ before collection; the holotype is outlined by white line; arrowheads mark laser spots 10 cm apart. B. Largest fragments of the holotype, USNM# 1196548. C. Cleaned dictyonal framework viewed from atrial side showing relatively straight spurs at bottom (SEM). D. Higher magnification of framework showing smooth beam surfaces and spurs curved toward the growing margin (left) (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) or the recovered fragments (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9ADFFCD32E9FFC93" box="[159,248,855,879]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-288@9.[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., body and framework. A. Frame grab from video footage of the holotype in situ before collection; the holotype is outlined by white line; arrowheads mark laser spots 10 cm apart. B. Largest fragments of the holotype, USNM# 1196548. C. Cleaned dictyonal framework viewed from atrial side showing relatively straight spurs at bottom (SEM). D. Higher magnification of framework showing smooth beam surfaces and spurs curved toward the growing margin (left) (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Outer tube diameter is 8.5±1.5 (6.9–12.7; n = 13) mm; wall thickness is 1.08±0.16 (0.78–1.32; n = 10) mm. The color of the preserved fragments is light tan or beige. Both inner and outer surfaces are smooth, without channelization.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFBF362E9A87FC402CF3FB73" blockId="7.[151,1436,639,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The skeletal framework is a typical farreoid dictyonal
<typeStatus id="54C08806FFBF362E9962FC402D32FC20" box="[802,853,964,988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
, with smooth beams. Dictyonalia are mainly formed in a single layer (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9B21FC632FDEFC03" box="[353,441,999,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-288@9.[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., body and framework. A. Frame grab from video footage of the holotype in situ before collection; the holotype is outlined by white line; arrowheads mark laser spots 10 cm apart. B. Largest fragments of the holotype, USNM# 1196548. C. Cleaned dictyonal framework viewed from atrial side showing relatively straight spurs at bottom (SEM). D. Higher magnification of framework showing smooth beam surfaces and spurs curved toward the growing margin (left) (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) but in the thicker fragments a second layer may occasionally be added on the dermal side. Meshes are mostly rectangular, elongate in the longitudinal axis, but nearly square meshes are also quite common. Spurs are rough, tapered to a fine point and overwhelmingly curved toward the growth margin, in downstream exhalant water flow (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E985BFBD02C12FB90" box="[539,629,1108,1132]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-288@9.[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., body and framework. A. Frame grab from video footage of the holotype in situ before collection; the holotype is outlined by white line; arrowheads mark laser spots 10 cm apart. B. Largest fragments of the holotype, USNM# 1196548. C. Cleaned dictyonal framework viewed from atrial side showing relatively straight spurs at bottom (SEM). D. Higher magnification of framework showing smooth beam surfaces and spurs curved toward the growing margin (left) (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
), although in some areas they are straight (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9E23FBD02ADDFB90" box="[1123,1210,1108,1132]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-288@9.[166,1422,655,1797]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., body and framework. A. Frame grab from video footage of the holotype in situ before collection; the holotype is outlined by white line; arrowheads mark laser spots 10 cm apart. B. Largest fragments of the holotype, USNM# 1196548. C. Cleaned dictyonal framework viewed from atrial side showing relatively straight spurs at bottom (SEM). D. Higher magnification of framework showing smooth beam surfaces and spurs curved toward the growing margin (left) (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
lower). Framework measurements are given at the top of
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFFBF362E987AFBF32CF7FB73" box="[570,656,1143,1167]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Dictyonal framework and spicule dimensions (in µm) of Farrea aleutiana, n. sp., USNM# 1196548, from S. Amchitka Pass, Aleutian Islands, Alaska." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFBF362E9A87FB182D9CFA28" blockId="7.[151,1436,639,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Megascleres are pentactins, pileate clavules, and uncinates (dimensions given in
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFFBF362E9E10FB182AC1FB48" box="[1104,1190,1180,1204]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Dictyonal framework and spicule dimensions (in µm) of Farrea aleutiana, n. sp., USNM# 1196548, from S. Amchitka Pass, Aleutian Islands, Alaska." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The pentactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9F2EFB182EDDFB2B" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) of dermal and atrial surfaces are regularly cruciate and indistinguishable; all rays are slightly tapered and finely rough (moderately dense microspines); tangential rays are slightly curved towards the body wall (down) and appear in LM to be slightly inflated distally; proximal rays are abruptly tapered at the tip without inflation. A rudiment of the sixth (distal) ray is present. Pileate clavules (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E997DFAA82DF4FAB8" box="[829,915,1324,1348]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) occur on both surfaces; their necks are barely swollen; the cap is smooth, bordered by 23–25 short, sharp marginal teeth, 3.2±0.6 (2.2–4.3; n = 19) µm long. The shaft is entirely covered with short spines inclined away from the head; the proximal tip is not inflated but abruptly tapered to a sharp point. Uncinates are moderate in size but thin (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E992AFA132DA4FA53" box="[874,963,1431,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); barbs and brackets are well developed in the mid-area and barbs are only moderately inclined from the spicule surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFBF362E9A87FA5B2C19F830" blockId="7.[151,1436,639,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Microscleres are mainly oxyhexasters and hemioxyhexasters (59%), discohexasters and hemidiscohexasters (23%). Oxyhexactins (12%) and discohexactins (5%) constitute the less common regular forms (dimensions given in
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFFBF362E9AF5F9A32F6AF9C3" box="[181,269,1575,1599]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Dictyonal framework and spicule dimensions (in µm) of Farrea aleutiana, n. sp., USNM# 1196548, from S. Amchitka Pass, Aleutian Islands, Alaska." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Oxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9B8DF9A32C40F9C3" box="[461,551,1575,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) and hemioxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9904F9A32DFCF9C3" box="[836,923,1575,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
) have short primary rays (1°/2° ray length = 0.316). Branched rays have 2–3 secondary rays; both primary and secondary rays are tapered to sharp tips and smooth except for short spurs representing undeveloped secondary rays. Discohexasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9EB5F9EB2B3FF97B" box="[1269,1368,1647,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
) and hemidiscohexasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9BC0F9102FB6F950" box="[384,465,1684,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 4H</figureCitation>
) have short primary rays (1°/2° ray length = 0.392). Branched rays have 2–4 secondary rays; both primary and secondary rays are cylindrical and ornamented with fine reclined spines (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9E9BF9332B4EF933" box="[1243,1321,1719,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
) although they are sparse on the primary rays. Terminal discs have 4–7 marginal spines. Oxyhexactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9F45F9582B38F908" box="[1285,1375,1756,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) and discohexactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFBF362E9B0CF97B2FFDF8EB" box="[332,410,1791,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-168@10.[166,1422,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
) are totally unbranched forms of the oxy- and disco-tipped branched forms. Their rays are similar to those of their branched counterparts in shape and ornamentation, but they are slightly longer in both
<typeStatus id="54C08806FFBF362E9AD7F8CC2EB1F89C" box="[151,214,1864,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">types</typeStatus>
. Microscleres with onychoid ray tips are rare (&lt;1%); they are the size of discohexasters but have thin rays. They are interpreted to be young stages of discohexaster development and not a distinct microsclere category. All fragments are contaminated with spicules of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFBF362E98DDF8142DC5F854" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" box="[669,930,1936,1960]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okinoseana">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFBF362E98DDF8142DC5F854" box="[669,930,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Regadrella okinoseana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected at the same station, but these are quite easily recognized as foreign in origin.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04662CFFB036219AD7FF132C37FF33" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,239,151,175]">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFB036219AD7FF132BFCFF53" blockId="8.[151,1435,151,207]" box="[151,1435,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB036219AD7FF132F6DFF53" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Dictyonal framework and spicule dimensions (in µm) of
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB036219934FF1C2A56FF53" box="[884,1073,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB036219934FF1C2A4AFF53" authority="Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[884,1069,152,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aleutiana" status="sp. nov.">Farrea aleutiana</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFFB036219E79FF1C2A13FF53" box="[1081,1140,152,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, USNM# 1196548, from S.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFB036219AD7FF3C2C37FF33" blockId="8.[151,1435,151,207]" box="[151,592,184,207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amchitka Pass, Aleutian Islands, Alaska.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFB036219B31FF772B2DFA95" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table id="F97BC404FFB0C9D69AE5FF762B2DFA95" box="[165,1354,242,1385]" colsContinueIn="11.[165,1354,816,1982]" gridcols="5" gridrows="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FF762B2DFEF4" box="[165,1354,242,264]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FF762FB1FEF4" box="[165,470,242,264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">parameter</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FF762D76FEF4" box="[727,785,242,264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mean</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FF762DF9FEF4" box="[881,926,242,264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">s. d.</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FF762AF4FEF4" box="[1057,1171,242,264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">range</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FF762B2DFEF4" box="[1329,1354,242,264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FEA52B2DFECB" box="[165,1354,289,311]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FEA52B2DFECB" box="[165,1354,289,311]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Framework</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FED42B2DFE9A" box="[165,1354,336,358]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FED42FB1FE9A" box="[165,470,336,358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Beam length, longitudinal</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FED42D76FE9A" box="[727,785,336,358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">643</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FED42DF9FE9A" box="[881,926,336,358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">59</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FED42AF4FE9A" box="[1057,1171,336,358]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">534–778</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FED42B2DFE9A" box="[1329,1354,336,358]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FEFB2B2DFE69" box="[165,1354,383,405]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FEFB2FB1FE69" box="[165,470,383,405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">length, transverse</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FEFB2D76FE69" box="[727,785,383,405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">413</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FEFB2DF9FE69" box="[881,926,383,405]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">86</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FEFB2AF4FE69" box="[1057,1171,383,405]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">269–720</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FEFB2B2DFE69" box="[1329,1354,383,405]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FE292B2DFE3F" box="[165,1354,429,451]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FE292FB1FE3F" box="[165,470,429,451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FE292D76FE3F" box="[727,785,429,451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">55.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FE292DF9FE3F" box="[881,926,429,451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FE292AF4FE3F" box="[1057,1171,429,451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">42.4–70.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FE292B2DFE3F" box="[1329,1354,429,451]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FE582B2DFE0E" box="[165,1354,476,498]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FE582FB1FE0E" box="[165,470,476,498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">dermal spur length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FE582D76FE0E" box="[727,785,476,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">557</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FE582DF9FE0E" box="[881,926,476,498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">79</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FE582AF4FE0E" box="[1057,1171,476,498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">346–725</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FE582B2DFE0E" box="[1329,1354,476,498]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FD8E2B2DFDDC" box="[165,1354,522,544]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FD8E2FB1FDDC" box="[165,470,522,544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">atrial spur length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FD8E2D76FDDC" box="[727,785,522,544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">458</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FD8E2DF9FDDC" box="[881,926,522,544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">47</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FD8E2AF4FDDC" box="[1057,1171,522,544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">368–555</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FD8E2B2DFDDC" box="[1329,1354,522,544]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FDBD2B2DFDB3" box="[165,1354,569,591]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FDBD2B2DFDB3" box="[165,1354,569,591]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spicules</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FDEC2B2DFD82" box="[165,1354,616,638]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FDEC2B2DFD82" box="[165,1354,616,638]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Surface pentactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FD132B2DFD51" box="[165,1354,663,685]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FD132FB1FD51" box="[165,470,663,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FD132D76FD51" box="[727,785,663,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">263</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FD132DF9FD51" box="[881,926,663,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">52</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FD132AF4FD51" box="[1057,1171,663,685]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">159–361</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FD132B2DFD51" box="[1329,1354,663,685]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FD412B2DFD27" box="[165,1354,709,731]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FD412FB1FD27" box="[165,470,709,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FD412D76FD27" box="[727,785,709,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FD412DF9FD27" box="[881,926,709,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FD412AF4FD27" box="[1057,1171,709,731]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7.9–23.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FD412B2DFD27" box="[1329,1354,709,731]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FD702B2DFCF6" box="[165,1354,756,778]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FD702FB1FCF6" box="[165,470,756,778]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FD702D76FCF6" box="[727,785,756,778]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">370</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FD702DF9FCF6" box="[881,926,756,778]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">64</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FD702AF4FCF6" box="[1057,1171,756,778]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">206–452</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FD702B2DFCF6" box="[1329,1354,756,778]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FCA72B2DFCC5" box="[165,1354,803,825]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FCA72FB1FCC5" box="[165,470,803,825]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FCA72D76FCC5" box="[727,785,803,825]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FCA72DF9FCC5" box="[881,926,803,825]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FCA72AF4FCC5" box="[1057,1171,803,825]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.5–24.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FCA72B2DFCC5" box="[1329,1354,803,825]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FCD62B2DFC94" box="[165,1354,850,872]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FCD62FB1FC94" box="[165,470,850,872]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Clavule length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FCD62D76FC94" box="[727,785,850,872]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">411</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FCD62DF9FC94" box="[881,926,850,872]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FCD62AF4FC94" box="[1057,1171,850,872]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">333–490</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FCD62B2DFC94" box="[1329,1354,850,872]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FC042B2DFC6A" box="[165,1354,896,918]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FC042FB1FC6A" box="[165,470,896,918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">head width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FC042D76FC6A" box="[727,785,896,918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FC042DF9FC6A" box="[881,926,896,918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FC042AF4FC6A" box="[1057,1171,896,918]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18.8–31.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FC042B2DFC6A" box="[1329,1354,896,918]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FC2B2B2DFC39" box="[165,1354,943,965]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FC2B2FB1FC39" box="[165,470,943,965]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Uncinate length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FC2B2D76FC39" box="[727,785,943,965]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2050</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FC2B2DF9FC39" box="[881,926,943,965]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">519</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FC2B2AF4FC39" box="[1057,1171,943,965]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1022–2983</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FC2B2B2DFC39" box="[1329,1354,943,965]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FC592B2DFC0F" box="[165,1354,989,1011]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FC592FB1FC0F" box="[165,470,989,1011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FC592D76FC0F" box="[727,785,989,1011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">10.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FC592DF9FC0F" box="[881,926,989,1011]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FC592AF4FC0F" box="[1057,1171,989,1011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.9–16.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FC592B2DFC0F" box="[1329,1354,989,1011]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FB882B2DFBDE" box="[165,1354,1036,1058]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FB882FB1FBDE" box="[165,470,1036,1058]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oxyhexaster* diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FB882D76FBDE" box="[727,785,1036,1058]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">85.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FB882DF9FBDE" box="[881,926,1036,1058]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FB882AF4FBDE" box="[1057,1171,1036,1058]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">61.5–116.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FB882B2DFBDE" box="[1329,1354,1036,1058]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FBBF2B2DFBAD" box="[165,1354,1083,1105]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FBBF2FB1FBAD" box="[165,470,1083,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FBBF2D76FBAD" box="[727,785,1083,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">10.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FBBF2DF9FBAD" box="[881,926,1083,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FBBF2AF4FBAD" box="[1057,1171,1083,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.8–16.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FBBF2B2DFBAD" box="[1329,1354,1083,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FBEE2B2DFB7C" box="[165,1354,1130,1152]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FBEE2FB1FB7C" box="[165,470,1130,1152]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FBEE2D76FB7C" box="[727,785,1130,1152]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FBEE2DF9FB7C" box="[881,926,1130,1152]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FBEE2AF4FB7C" box="[1057,1171,1130,1152]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23.1–49.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FBEE2B2DFB7C" box="[1329,1354,1130,1152]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FB1C2B2DFB52" box="[165,1354,1176,1198]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FB1C2FB1FB52" box="[165,470,1176,1198]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oxyhexactin diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FB1C2D76FB52" box="[727,785,1176,1198]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">107.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FB1C2DF9FB52" box="[881,926,1176,1198]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FB1C2AF4FB52" box="[1057,1171,1176,1198]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">82.8–129.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FB1C2B2DFB52" box="[1329,1354,1176,1198]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FB432B2DFB21" box="[165,1354,1223,1245]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FB432FB1FB21" box="[165,470,1223,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Discohexaster* diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FB432D76FB21" box="[727,785,1223,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">64.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FB432DF9FB21" box="[881,926,1223,1245]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FB432AF4FB21" box="[1057,1171,1223,1245]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">48.2–76.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FB432B2DFB21" box="[1329,1354,1223,1245]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FB722B2DFAF0" box="[165,1354,1270,1292]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FB722FB1FAF0" box="[165,470,1270,1292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FB722D76FAF0" box="[727,785,1270,1292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FB722DF9FAF0" box="[881,926,1270,1292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FB722AF4FAF0" box="[1057,1171,1270,1292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.9–11.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FB722B2DFAF0" box="[1329,1354,1270,1292]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FAA02B2DFAC6" box="[165,1354,1316,1338]" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FAA02FB1FAC6" box="[165,470,1316,1338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FAA02D76FAC6" box="[727,785,1316,1338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FAA02DF9FAC6" box="[881,926,1316,1338]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FAA02AF4FAC6" box="[1057,1171,1316,1338]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">17.2–30.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FAA02B2DFAC6" box="[1329,1354,1316,1338]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFB0C9D69AE5FAD72B2DFA95" box="[165,1354,1363,1385]" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69AE5FAD72FB1FA95" box="[165,470,1363,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Discohexactin diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69897FAD72D76FA95" box="[727,785,1363,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">75.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69931FAD72DF9FA95" box="[881,926,1363,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69E61FAD72AF4FA95" box="[1057,1171,1363,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">58.1–97.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFB0C9D69F71FAD72B2DFA95" box="[1329,1354,1363,1385]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFB036219AD7FA232D64FA40" blockId="8.[151,771,1447,1468]" box="[151,771,1447,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">* includes hemioxyhexaster and hemidiscohexaster respectively.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFB036219A87FA602E96F9DC" blockId="8.[151,1436,1508,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Etymology. The species name,
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB03621980DFA602CDCFA00" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[589,699,1508,1532]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB03621980DFA602CDCFA00" box="[589,699,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">aleutiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reflects the name of its occurrence location, the Aleutian Islands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFB036209A87F9A82CDCFE50" blockId="8.[151,1436,1508,2036]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1439,151,572]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Remarks. This new Aleutian Islands form of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB0362198A0F9A92D56F9B8" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[736,817,1581,1604]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB0362198A0F9A92D56F9B8" box="[736,817,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Farrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique among the local Alaskan
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB036219E9EF9A92B48F9B8" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[1246,1327,1581,1604]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB036219E9EF9A92B48F9B8" box="[1246,1327,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Farrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms in lacking anchorate clavules. Six forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB0362198E5F9D52C91F994" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[677,758,1617,1640]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB0362198E5F9D52C91F994" box="[677,758,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Farrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have previously been described as lacking anchorate clavules, but the new form is easily distinguished from each of these. The North Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB036219F49F9F12F59F94C" authority="Topsent, 1904" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1904" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laminaris">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB036219F49F9F12BFBF970" box="[1289,1436,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F. laminaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFB036219AD7F91D2F59F94C" author="Topsent, E." box="[151,318,1688,1712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref38268" refString="Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par Albert I er Prince souverain de Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1904">Topsent, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has an undulatory blade body form and pentactins with macrospines, while the new Aleutian form has a branching tubular body form and microspines on its pentactins. In
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB036219E0BF9392EB3F904" authority="Tabachnick, 1988" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1988" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microclavula">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB036219E0BF9392B63F928" box="[1099,1284,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F. microclavula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFB036219F4EF9382EB3F904" author="Tabachnick, K. R." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="49 - 64" refId="ref37923" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1988) Hexactinellid sponges from the mountains of the West Pacific. In: Shirshov, P. P. (Ed.), Structural and Functional Researches of the Marine Benthos. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 49 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1988">Tabachnick, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Western Pacific Mountains, the major microscleres are disco-tipped (here oxy-tipped), oxyhexasters have longer primary rays (calculated from figures 1°/2° ray length = 0.6 vs 0.316 here), discohexactins are absent (present here), and oxyhexactins are only attached to the framework (free here). Unfortunately megasclere dimensions were not provided in the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB036219E30F8C92B4AF898" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1988" box="[1136,1325,1868,1892]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microclavula">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB036219E30F8C92B4AF898" box="[1136,1325,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F. microclavula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the qualitative differences noted indicate that the two forms are clearly distinct. The south Australian form assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB036219B6BF8112C63F850" authority="occa" box="[299,516,1941,1964]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="occa" subSpecies="occa">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB036219B6BF8112C63F850" box="[299,516,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Farrea occa occa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFB036219879F8102C80F850" author="Reiswig, H. M." box="[569,743,1940,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="25 - 36" refId="ref37027" refString="Reiswig, H. M. (1992) First Hexactinellida (Porifera) (glass sponges) from the Great Australian Bight. Records of the South Australian Museum, 26 (1), 25 - 36." type="journal article" year="1992">Reiswig, 1992</bibRefCitation>
has no disco-tipped microscleres (28% here). The form described from off
<collectingCountry id="F36C7634FFB036219BC7F83C2F94F82C" box="[391,499,1976,2000]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
, Atlantic Ocean, by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFB0362198B8F83C2A2FF82C" author="Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Pansini, M. &amp; Uriz, M. J." box="[760,1096,1976,2000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref35310" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Pansini, M. &amp; Uriz, M. J. (1994) Spongiaires bathyaux de la mer d'Alboran et du golfe ibero-marocain. Memoirs du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 160, 1 - 174." type="journal article" year="1994">
Boury-Esnault
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB0362199EEF83D2D89F82C" box="[942,1006,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(1994)
</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB036219E3BF83D2AB4F82C" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1862" box="[1147,1235,1977,2000]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occa">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB036219E3BF83D2AB4F82C" box="[1147,1235,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F. occa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but clearly not assignable to that species, is nearly identical in pattern of spiculation to the new form, but the uncinates are much smaller, mean length 582 µm (2050 µm here); the clavules are much shorter (230–270–310 µm vs 333–411–490 µm), and both microsclere classes differ significantly in shape (primary rays longer than terminals in the former but those rays very much shorter in the new form). The
<collectingCountry id="F36C7634FFB136209E34FF642B75FF0B" box="[1140,1298,223,247]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB136209FC6FF652C12FEE0" authority="Reiswig &amp; Kelly, 2011" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2011" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anoxyhexastera">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB136209FC6FF652F29FEE0" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F. anoxyhexastera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFB136209B1AFE802C12FEE0" author="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[346,629,260,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref37241" refString="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Kelly, M. (2011) The marine fauna of New Zealand: hexasterophoran glass sponges of New Zealand (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Hexasterophora): Orders Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 124, 1 - 176." type="journal article" year="2011">Reiswig &amp; Kelly, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, has no oxyote microscleres (dominant here), and
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB136209EA5FE812FC6FEC3" authority="Reiswig &amp; Kelly, 2011" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2011" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ananchorata">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB136209EA5FE812BFBFEE0" box="[1253,1436,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F. ananchorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFB136209AD7FEA32FC6FEC3" author="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[151,417,295,319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref37241" refString="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Kelly, M. (2011) The marine fauna of New Zealand: hexasterophoran glass sponges of New Zealand (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Hexasterophora): Orders Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 124, 1 - 176." type="journal article" year="2011">Reiswig &amp; Kelly, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has two size classes of oxyhexasters (largest with diameter 102–216 vs 61.5–116.7 µ m here) and discohexasters with long primary rays (1°/2° ray length ratio 1.82 vs 0.39 here). Based upon the differences from all known
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB136209B9BFEF52C4BFE74" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[475,556,369,392]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB136209B9BFEF52C4BFE74" box="[475,556,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Farrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacking anchorate clavules, the new Aleutian form is considered here to be a new species, designated as
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB136209BACFE112CDCFE50" box="[492,699,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB136209BACFE112CD0FE50" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[492,695,404,428]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aleutiana">Farrea aleutiana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFB136209A87FE332B7EFDC0" blockId="9.[151,1439,151,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Review of all video footage collected with the ROV 'Jason II' indicates that this is a rare species, known only from a few locations in Amchitka Pass and near Bobrof Island in the central Aleutian Islands, occurring on small boulders, cobbles, and pebbles at depths between 397 and
<quantity id="4C839B41FFB136209980FE7B2A79FDEB" box="[960,1054,511,535]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.353" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1353.0">1353 m</quantity>
. The skeletons of this and other
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB136209AD7FDA12F47FDC7" box="[151,288,548,572]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB136209AD7FDA12E8FFDC0" box="[151,232,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Farrea</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
provide important substrate for gorgonian corals (
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB13620992FFDA02D90FDC0" box="[879,1015,548,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Primnoidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFB136209E71FDA02B6CFDC0" box="[1073,1291,548,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFB136209E71FDA02AB8FDC0" box="[1073,1247,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Acanthogorgia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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