1182 lines
132 KiB
XML
1182 lines
132 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701357" ID-ZooBank="F146B808-9D5B-477F-9E73-09A8DFDBFA31" approvalRequired="12" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="12" checkinTime="1678097781678" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moyle, Peter B., Buckmaster, Nicholas & Su, Yingxin" docDate="2023" docId="03D1EC51DE1DFF883FFFF9B7CEB3FBF4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5249.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5249 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinichthys gabrielino Moyle & Buckmaster & Su 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="517" masterDocId="FFE89429DE15FF983F68FF81CD38FF89" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of the Speckled Dace Species Complex (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae, Rhinichthys) in California, USA" masterLastPageNumber="539" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="509" updateTime="1678098333465" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Taxonomy of the Speckled Dace Species Complex (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae, Rhinichthys) in California, USA</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Moyle, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Center for Watershed Sciences & Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 425 LaRue Road, Davis CA 95626 USA.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Buckmaster, Nicholas</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>California Department of Fish & Wildlife, 787 Main Street, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Nick. buckmaster @ wildlife. ca. gov Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA. syxsu @ ucdavis. edu Corresponding author. pbmoyle @ ucdavis. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4825 - 4865</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Su, Yingxin</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4825-4865</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pbmoyle@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2023-03-06</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>5249</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>501</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>539</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
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||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7701357</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F146B808-9D5B-477F-9E73-09A8DFDBFA31</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE1DFF883FFFF9B7CEB3FBF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1EC51DE1DFF883FFFF9B7CEB3FBF4" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
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<subSubSection box="[151,921,1590,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,921,1590,1653]" box="[151,921,1590,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,921,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,921,1590,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su, 2023" authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,429,1590,1617]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabrielino" status="new species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,429,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Rhinichthys gabrielino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[444,590,1590,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Santa Ana Speckled Dace
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,921,1590,1653]" box="[151,296,1626,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,228,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1736,1760]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[210,1376,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Current distribution of Rhinichthys in California and adjacent watersheds. The distributions are only approximate but based on occurrence in HUC 12 watersheds. The numbers refer to populations in the Owens Valley and Death Valley that are included in Amargosa Speckled Dace, R. nevadensis nevadensis and can be recognized as Distinct Population Segments (1) Owens Speckled Dace, (2) Oasis Valley Speckled Dace, (3) Ash Meadows Speckled Dace, and (4) Amargosa River Speckled Dace. Long Valley Speckled Dace are a distinct subspecies. Dace have been extirpated from the south San Francisco Bay-Santa Clara Valley region. See text for more specific distributional information. Information for this map was gleaned from Gesch et al. (2002), Patterson and Kelso (2021), Santos et al. (2013), US Census Bureau (2001), USGS (2004, 2013). Speckled Dace are typically present in a limited number of streams, springs and ditches within each mapped region. Map by Amber Manfree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701363/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[241,270,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[149,1438,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotypes of new taxa of Rhinichthys described in this paper, A. Santa Ana Speckled Dace (R. gabrieleno WFB 3498. B. Long Valley Speckled Dace (R. nevadensis caldera) WFB 5000, C. Warner Speckled Dace (R. klamathensis goyatoka) WFB 122-10-44, D. Sacramento Speckled Dace (R. klamathensis achomawi) WFB 3171." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701365/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">4a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[282,296,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,381,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-123@15.[158,1429,381,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. Top: Male Santa Ana Speckled Dace in breeding colors. Photo by Jennifer Pareti, CDFW. Bottom: Approximate historic and extant distribution of Santa Ana Speckled Dace (from Center for Biological Diversity, 2020). This figure also shows the importance of public lands (green) for their conservation. Historic range shows areas from which they have been extirpated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701367/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">5</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1695,1811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,270,1695,1719]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" reason="1">Synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1908" box="[281,552,1695,1719]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nubila" subSpecies="carringtoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[281,552,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Agosia nubila carringtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W." box="[563,902,1695,1719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="1 - 1240" refId="ref29041" refString="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. (1896) The Fishes of North and Middle America. Bulletin, US National Museum, 47, Part 1, 1 - 1240." type="journal article" year="1896">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[563,631,1695,1719]" name="Jordan" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Evermann 1896:312
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Culver, G. B. & Hubbs, C. L." box="[916,1205,1695,1719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="82 - 83" refId="ref27358" refString="Culver, G. B. & Hubbs, C. L. (1917) The fishes of the Santa Ana system of streams in southern California, Lorquinia, 1 (11), 82 - 83." type="journal article" year="1917">Culver and Hubbs 1917:82</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Shapovalov and Dill 1950: 386" authorityName="Shapovalov and Dill" authorityPageNumber="386" authorityYear="1950" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="osculus" subSpecies="carringtoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Rhinichthys osculus carringtoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shapovalov, L. & Dill, W. A." box="[323,640,1726,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="382 - 391" refId="ref31318" refString="Shapovalov, L. & Dill, W. A. (1950) A check list of the fresh-water and anadromous fishes of California. California Fish and Game, 36, 382 - 391" type="journal article" year="1950">Shapovalov and Dill 1950:386</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shapovalov, L. & Dill, W. A. & Cordone, A." box="[653,1032,1726,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="159 - 180" refId="ref31354" refString="Shapovalov, L., Dill, W. A. & Cordone, A. J (1959) A revised check list of the freshwater and anadromous fishes of California. California Fish and Game, 45, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1959">Shapovalov, Dill, and Cordone 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, J. B. & Fisk, L. O." box="[1044,1326,1726,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="453 - 479" refId="ref29080" refString="Kimsey, J. B. & Fisk, L. O. (1960) Keys to the freshwater and anadromous fishes of California. California Fish and Game, 46, 453 - 479." type="journal article" year="1960">Kimsey and Fisk 1960:469</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." pageId="8" pageNumber="509" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius 1969:1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R." box="[285,519,1756,1781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="207 - 221" refId="ref30094" refString="Oakey, D. D., Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R. (2004) Small fish in a large landscape: diversification of Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae) in western North America, Copeia, 2004 (2), 207 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CG- 02 - 264 R 1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Oakey
|
||
<emphasis box="[359,413,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004:212
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[531,637,1756,1780]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[531,637,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">R. osculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[646,787,1756,1780]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="widely">subsp. widely</taxonomicName>
|
||
used in California since the 1950s (for example:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[1305,1432,1756,1781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." box="[199,384,1787,1811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,323,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="510" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1857,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-07-02" collectorName="J. Pareti & Wildlife" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" latitude="34.237736" location="East Fork San Gabriel River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-117.82072" municipality="Department of Fish" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,260,1857,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,260,1857,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. WFB 3498 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[416,499,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[149,1438,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotypes of new taxa of Rhinichthys described in this paper, A. Santa Ana Speckled Dace (R. gabrieleno WFB 3498. B. Long Valley Speckled Dace (R. nevadensis caldera) WFB 5000, C. Warner Speckled Dace (R. klamathensis goyatoka) WFB 122-10-44, D. Sacramento Speckled Dace (R. klamathensis achomawi) WFB 3171." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701365/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity box="[520,601,1857,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="73.0">73 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE1DFF883FFFF9B7CEB3FBF4:8EA70B9CDE1DFF903DF8F8C3CEECF8D2" box="[656,980,1857,1884]" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" latitude="34.237736" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-117.82072" municipality="Department of Fish" name="East Fork San Gabriel River" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" stateProvince="California">East Fork San Gabriel River</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE1DFF883FFFF9B7CEB3FBF4:8EA70B9CDE1DFF903C88F8C0C80EF8D2" box="[992,1334,1857,1884]" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" latitude="34.237736" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-117.82072" municipality="Department of Fish" name="South of Upper Monroe Road" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" stateProvince="California">South of Upper Monroe Road</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE1DFF883FFFF9B7CEB3FBF4:8EA70B9CDE1DFF903A29F8C0CC72F809" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" latitude="34.237736" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-117.82072" municipality="Department of Fish" name="Angeles National Forest" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" stateProvince="California">Angeles National Forest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[343,578,1893,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Los Angeles County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[591,707,1893,1919]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[721,899,1893,1920]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" precision="1" seconds="15.85" value="34.237736">34 14’ 15.85”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[909,1105,1893,1920]" degrees="117" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" precision="1" seconds="14.58" value="-117.82072">117 49’ 14.58”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1119,1178,1893,1919]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1192,1330,1893,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" value="2021-07-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1192,1330,1893,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" value="2021-07-02">2 July 2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1344,1436,1893,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">J. Pareti</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[159,275,1929,1955]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[281,499,1929,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Department of Fish</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName box="[553,651,1929,1955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Wildlife</collectorName>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1857,2027]" box="[199,1083,1965,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,319,1965,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[199,319,1965,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. WFB 3499–3500, WFB 3501–3507 (n =9). Same data as holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1857,2027]" box="[199,565,2001,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,319,2001,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Meristics:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[326,424,2001,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus box="[439,554,2001,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" box="[199,968,150,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,356,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Lengths(mm):</emphasis>
|
||
standard 73(45–78), fork 82 (54–84), total 89 (57–90)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,404,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Lateral line scales</emphasis>
|
||
: 73(69–75). Lateral line complete on all fish, although there were 1–3 scale rows beyond the end of the lateral line (counted).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" box="[199,606,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,475,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Scales above lateral line</emphasis>
|
||
13(12–14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" box="[199,601,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,475,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Scales below lateral line</emphasis>
|
||
(10 (8–11)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" box="[199,425,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,371,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Dorsal-fin rays</emphasis>
|
||
7(7)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" box="[199,400,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,346,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Anal-fin rays</emphasis>
|
||
6(6)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" box="[199,519,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,390,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Pectoral-fin rays</emphasis>
|
||
11 (10–12)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" box="[199,357,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,269,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Pelvic</emphasis>
|
||
6 (6–7)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" box="[199,777,475,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,376,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Caudal-fin rays</emphasis>
|
||
19(19), 10 upper rays, 9 lower rays
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,510,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Separated from all other Speckled Dace by the absence of supraorbital bones (vs. present,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,209,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A cryptic species otherwise not distinguishable from other species/subspecies of the Speckled Dace complex except through genomics and geography. Slightly higher lateral line scale counts (mean 74, mode 76, range 64–82) than Sacramento Speckled Dace (mean 70, mode 72, range 54–82) and Lahontan Speckled Dace (mean 68, mode 72, range 60–77) (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[425,513,655,681]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[152,245,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean, mode, and range of meristic counts on Santa Ana, Sacramento, Lahontan and Colorado basin populations of Speckled Dace, from Cornelius (1969). The Sacramento fish were from coastal streams just north of the Los Angeles Basin (Santa Maria, San Luis Obispo, Salinas). LL is lateral line." pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,690,716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
A cryptic species, as shown by genomic analyses; endemic to streams of Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana watersheds in southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[595,712,727,753]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Recognizable by typical stocky morphology of all
|
||
<taxonomicName pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1304,1436,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Rhinichthys</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; small size (adults
|
||
<quantity box="[459,558,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6–11 cm</quantity>
|
||
SL), wide caudal peduncle (about 1/3 the body depth), blunt-pointed snout, and subterminal mouth. Meristics overlap all other Speckled Dace taxa (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[981,1070,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[152,245,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean, mode, and range of meristic counts on Santa Ana, Sacramento, Lahontan and Colorado basin populations of Speckled Dace, from Cornelius (1969). The Sacramento fish were from coastal streams just north of the Los Angeles Basin (Santa Maria, San Luis Obispo, Salinas). LL is lateral line." pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body color variable, but adult fish usually pale yellow/white to dusky olive, often with small black spots. Head stripe and lateral spots/blotches pale or absent. Breeding adults of both sexes with orange to red fins; males also with red snouts and lips (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1353,1422,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,381,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-123@15.[158,1429,381,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. Top: Male Santa Ana Speckled Dace in breeding colors. Photo by Jennifer Pareti, CDFW. Bottom: Approximate historic and extant distribution of Santa Ana Speckled Dace (from Center for Biological Diversity, 2020). This figure also shows the importance of public lands (green) for their conservation. Historic range shows areas from which they have been extirpated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701367/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral line usually complete, although last 1–10 scales may lack pores. High overlap in meristic counts with other
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[151,265,943,969]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Speckled Dace populations (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[591,678,943,969]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[152,245,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean, mode, and range of meristic counts on Santa Ana, Sacramento, Lahontan and Colorado basin populations of Speckled Dace, from Cornelius (1969). The Sacramento fish were from coastal streams just north of the Los Angeles Basin (Santa Maria, San Luis Obispo, Salinas). LL is lateral line." pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[690,866,943,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,384,978,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Morphometrics</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[405,602,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compared the body and fin morphology of 491 dace using 23 truss measurements (divided by standard length or head length, with all values converted to natural logarithms). Only small differences were found between Santa Ana Speckled Dace and dace taxa from other areas. His analysis showed that Santa Ana Speckled Dace had slightly longer fins, more anterior dorsal fins, somewhat longer and narrower heads, smaller eyes, and shorter upper jaws than dace from Sacramento, Lahontan, and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1145,1248,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
river basins. All differences were not statistically different. However, morphometric differences were sufficient to distinguish lineages when combined meristic measurements and measures of jaw structure (below). Thus, Santa Ana Speckled Dace could be distinguished statistically from nearby Sacramento Basin populations and from Speckled Dace from Lake Tahoe (Lahontan Basin), although overlapping morphometrics made it difficult to assign individuals to any one taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[199,425,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius (1969:26)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that mouth structure provided the strongest separation of the taxa; he used a unique measure of jaw angle: “The lateral angle of the upper jaw formed by the premaxillary and maxillary as measured from photographs of the left side of the head.” Presumably a larger jaw angle is a measure of increased gape and size of prey.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[297,488,1409,1435]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that Santa Ana Speckled Dace had a mean jaw angle of 145 degrees (n = 34, range 128–148) while the Sacramento dace had a mean jaw angle of 160 degrees (n=44, range 146–172). He also found that a frenum is fully developed in 54% (n=277) of the Santa Ana Speckled Dace but in only 2% (n =180) of Sacramento dace. Most (8 of 11 fish examined)
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[719,823,1516,1542]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
Basin fish had a well-developed frenum. It was absent from (n=41) in Lahontan (Lake Tahoe) dace. Maxillary barbels were present on one or both sides of the mouth in all four dace populations compared, but they were variable in number and size so not useful for distinguishing Santa Ana Speckled Dace. Overall,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[483,673,1623,1649]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that jaw angle, combined with other less quantitative features of the jaw, supported his finding that the Santa Ana Speckled Dace was distinct from dace from Lahontan and Sacramento basins. In combination with other features, jaw structure indicated that Santa Ana Speckled Dace had a common ancestry with fishes from the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[588,692,1731,1757]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River watershed (Virgin River) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[1062,1239,1731,1757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This conclusion is supported by genetic and genomic studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. & Gobalet, K. T. & Lugaski, T. & Shiozawa, D. & Evans, P." box="[660,858,1766,1793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="175 - 233" refId="ref31509" refString="Smith, G. R., Dowling, T. E., Gobalet, K. T., Lugaski, T., Shiozawa, D. & Evans, P. (2002) Biogeography and timing rates of evolutionary events among Great Basin fishes. In: Hershler, R., Madsen, D. B. & Curry, D. R. (Eds.), Great Basin Aquatic Systems History, Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, 33, pp. 175 - 233." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[736,792,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[869,928,1767,1793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[976,1032,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in 2022).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,150,2043]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,2044]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,435,1802,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Genomics/Genetics.</emphasis>
|
||
Genetic studies (mostly using mtDNA) generally indicate that the Santa Ana Speckled Dace is a sister lineage to Speckled Dace populations in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[844,948,1838,1864]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River Basin as result of a split in lineages approximately 3.6 million years ago (mya) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R." box="[664,878,1874,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="207 - 221" refId="ref30094" refString="Oakey, D. D., Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R. (2004) Small fish in a large landscape: diversification of Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae) in western North America, Copeia, 2004 (2), 207 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CG- 02 - 264 R 1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Oakey
|
||
<emphasis box="[749,809,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E." box="[892,1189,1874,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="301 - 317" refId="ref31605" refString="Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. (2008) Correlating hydrographic events and divergence times of Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys: Teleostei, Cyprinidae), in the Colorado River drainage. In: Reheis, M., Hershler, R. & Miller, D. (Eds.), Late Cenozoic drainage history of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River region: geologic and biotic perspectives. Geological Society of America Special Publication, 439, pp. 301 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 2008.2439 (13)" type="journal article" year="2008">Smith and Dowling 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E." pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="301 - 317" refId="ref31605" refString="Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. (2008) Correlating hydrographic events and divergence times of Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys: Teleostei, Cyprinidae), in the Colorado River drainage. In: Reheis, M., Hershler, R. & Miller, D. (Eds.), Late Cenozoic drainage history of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River region: geologic and biotic perspectives. Geological Society of America Special Publication, 439, pp. 301 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 2008.2439 (13)" type="journal article" year="2008">Smith and Dowling (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, using mtDNA well as morphometrics and meristics, indicate that populations of Speckled Dace in Los Angeles region streams have been isolated long enough (through the Pleistocene) to have diverged from one another and developed some small differences in morphological characters, supporting the findings of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[1236,1432,1981,2007]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The mtDNA analysis by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[440,695,2017,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[516,575,2017,2043]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017:77)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed “extreme molecular divergence” (about 7%) from other Speckled Dace populations, the highest they encountered.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R." box="[808,1027,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="207 - 221" refId="ref30094" refString="Oakey, D. D., Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R. (2004) Small fish in a large landscape: diversification of Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae) in western North America, Copeia, 2004 (2), 207 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CG- 02 - 264 R 1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Oakey
|
||
<emphasis box="[888,945,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also determined that Speckled Dace from the Santa Ana and San Gabriel rivers formed a distinct, monophyletic lineage.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[1086,1262,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[1122,1178,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, using genomic data, confirmed that the Santa Ana Speckled Dace is a sister lineage to dace in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1083,1187,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River Basin. In short, Santa Ana Speckled Dace are quite different genetically from Speckled Dace of other lineages in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1273,1387,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and elsewhere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[278,475,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[353,410,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[486,646,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,579,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), supporting their designation as a full species (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1177,1276,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,187,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[221,1366,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships among Speckled Dace populations in this study, modified from Su et al (2022). The molecular phylogeny was generated by an ML coalescent model in SVDQuartets with 100 bootstraps, using RAD sequencing data. Numbers on each lineage refer to the percentage of bootstrap runs (out of 100) that produced the same result. Details can be found in Su et al. (2022). The lineage names refer to major drainages from which our Speckled Dace samples were collected from California, as well as from major basins outside of California. We did not examine the latter findings in detail; they probably represent multiple undescribed species/subspecies. The capital letters refer to lineages identified as species in this paper. A. Desert Speckled Dace (R. nevadensis), B. Western Speckled Dace (R. klamathensis), C. Santa Ana Speckled Dace (R. gabrielino). Tui Chub (Siphatales bicolor) and Relict Dace (Relictus solitarius) were outgroups used to root the phylogeny because they are both western cyprinids distantly related to Rhinichthys (Schönhuth et al. 2012)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701361/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2044]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Santa Ana Speckled Dace are endemic to three streams, and their tributaries, of the Los Angeles Region in southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[367,485,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
: the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana rivers. In addition, the San Jacinto River is often treated as a separate river system. However, it historically flowed into the Santa Ana River, a connection severed by dams except in exceptionally wet years. The three river’s headwaters are in the Transverse Mountain Ranges, specifically the San Bernadino, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana mountains. The rivers flowed into an alluvial plain, now covered with Orange County development. During wet years, before the present era, this region would have flooded, connecting the Speckled Dace populations of the rivers. Today the scattered populations of Speckled Dace are largely confined to streams in a band of habitat on public lands that is below the high gradient upper regions of the three watersheds and above the developed alluvial plain. Santa Ana Speckled Dace are absent from many parts of their historic range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." box="[533,733,654,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[613,669,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="O'Brien, J. W. & Hansen, H. K. & Stephens, M. E." box="[744,962,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="149 - 163" refId="ref30162" refString="O'Brien, J. W., Hansen, H. K. & Stephens, M. E. (2011) Status of fishes in the Upper San Gabriel River Basin, Los Angeles County, California. California Fish and Game, 97, 149 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
O’Brien
|
||
<emphasis box="[841,897,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Each population fragment is increasingly isolated from other populations as the result of dams and other modern infrastructure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2044]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,446,726,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Note: Biogeography.</emphasis>
|
||
There is debate over exactly how the ancestors of Santa Ana Speckled Dace managed to move from the ancestral
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[465,569,763,789]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River basin to the Los Angeles region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Minckley, W. L. & Hendrickson, D. A. & Bond, C. E." box="[1025,1267,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="519 - 614" refId="ref29499" refString="Minckley, W. L., Hendrickson, D. A. & Bond, C. E. (1986) Geography of western North America freshwater fishes: Description and relationship to intercontinental tectonism. In: Hocutt, C. H. & Wiley, E. O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 519 - 614." type="book chapter" year="1986">
|
||
Minckley
|
||
<emphasis box="[1142,1200,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Spencer, J. E. & Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E." pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="279 - 299" refId="ref31863" refString="Spencer, J. E., Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. (2008) Middle to late Cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest. In: Reheis, M. C., Hershler, R. & Miller, D. (Eds.), Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region: Geologic and Biotic Perspectives. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 439, pp. 279 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 2008.2439 (12)" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Spencer
|
||
<emphasis box="[1379,1437,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[223,428,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,358,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They had to survive in a region with a dynamic geology to do so. To colonize coastal
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[151,267,835,861]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, the dace would have had to travel several hundred kilometers overland (in the modern landscape) over an extended period of time. Speckled Dace in general are freshwater dispersers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Cech, J. J." box="[1002,1250,871,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" refId="ref29788" refString="Moyle, P. B. & Cech, J. J. (2004) Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology. 5 th Edition. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, xvi + 726 pp." type="book" year="2004">Moyle and Cech 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) so cannot move though marine environments to colonize new areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[731,873,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dispersal route also has to accommodate two sympatric freshwater dispersers, Santa Ana Sucker (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1908" box="[747,994,943,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Catostomidae" genus="Pantosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="santaanae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[747,994,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Pantosteus santaanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Arroyo Chub (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann & Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1229,1362,943,969]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcutti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1229,1362,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Gila orcutti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), both which share ancestry with fishes in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[584,688,979,1005]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
Basin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Unmack, P. J. & Dowling, T. E. & Laitinen, N. J. & Secor, C. L. & Mayden, R. L. & Shiozawa, D. K. & Smith, G. R." box="[771,995,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="90061" refId="ref32369" refString="Unmack, P. J., Dowling, T. E., Laitinen, N. J., Secor, C. L., Mayden, R. L., Shiozawa, D. K. & Smith, G. R. (2014) Influence of introgression and geological processes on phylogenetic relationships of western North American mountain suckers (Pantosteus). PLoS One, 9 (3), e 90061. [11 March] https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0090061" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Unmack
|
||
<emphasis box="[874,929,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[1013,1221,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[1085,1140,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
argue the fish were able to gradually make their way to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[567,681,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
via successive stream captures in a geologically active landscape. This allowed fish to move between headwaters, eventually reaching streams that flowed into the Pacific Ocean from the Coast Range (Santa Monica Mountains). The exact route has been largely erased by the active geology. In contrast,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Spencer, J. E. & Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E." box="[287,525,1123,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="279 - 299" refId="ref31863" refString="Spencer, J. E., Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. (2008) Middle to late Cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest. In: Reheis, M. C., Hershler, R. & Miller, D. (Eds.), Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region: Geologic and Biotic Perspectives. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 439, pp. 279 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 2008.2439 (12)" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Spencer
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,443,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
present evidence that a likely route was through a combination of two dispersal methods: movement of a plate carrying the fishes followed by colonization via headwater capture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2044]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
It is likely that dace and other fishes were ultimately moved into the vicinity of the coastal drainages through a combination of the methods proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[653,872,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[729,788,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in concert with the periodic shifting of the main channel of the Lower
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[393,497,1266,1292]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River. This channel migration was a dynamic process driven by sediment deposition in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[222,326,1302,1328]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River channels. Fish presumably followed the river into new channels, including those adjacent to the proto-Santa Ana River and other coastal drainages. The channel migrations eventually blocked the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1332,1436,1338,1364]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River, diverting its flow into a large Pleistocene/Holocene lake basin (Lake Cahuilla) subsequent to the formation of the Salton Trough (ca. 1.3 mya). This lake, a predecessor of the Salton Sea, was colonized by lower
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1332,1436,1409,1435]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River fishes. Bones of the larger fish species have been found in middens of fishing villages along Lake Cahuilla (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilke, P. J." box="[159,295,1481,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="101 - 103" refId="ref32753" refString="Wilke, P. J. (1980) Prehistoric weir fishing on recessional shorelines of Lake Cahuilla. Proceedings of the Desert Fishes Council, XI, 101 - 103." type="journal article" year="1980">Wilke 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Today, the Lower
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[519,623,1481,1507]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River and the Salton Trough are separated from the Santa Ana Basin by the 8–km-high San Jacinto and San Gorgonio Ranges. These ranges are parts of the Peninsula Range and were likely formed by complex plate movements associated with the development a bend in the San Andreas Fault System (ca. 1.1–1.5 mya) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Spencer, J. E. & Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E." box="[314,535,1588,1614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="279 - 299" refId="ref31863" refString="Spencer, J. E., Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. (2008) Middle to late Cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest. In: Reheis, M. C., Hershler, R. & Miller, D. (Eds.), Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region: Geologic and Biotic Perspectives. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 439, pp. 279 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 2008.2439 (12)" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Spencer
|
||
<emphasis box="[413,470,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fattaruso, L. A. & Cooke, M. L. & Dorsey, R. J. & Housen, B. A." box="[546,781,1588,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="474 - 488" refId="ref27770" refString="Fattaruso, L. A., Cooke, M. L., Dorsey, R. J. & Housen, B. A. (2016) Response of deformation patterns to reorganization of the southern San Andreas fault system since ca. 1.5 Ma. Tectonophysics, 693, 474 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tecto. 2016.05.035" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Fattaruso
|
||
<emphasis box="[657,714,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2044]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
The geologic movements transformed low-relief upland habitat into the dramatic landscape of today. The uplift of the ranges is associated with their westward tilting, resulting in the progressive capture and redirection of eastward-flowing tributaries at a rate of
|
||
<quantity box="[647,762,1695,1721]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" unit="km" value="32.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="20.0">20–44 km</quantity>
|
||
/my (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dorsey, R. J. & Roering, J. J." box="[822,1123,1695,1721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="16 - 32" refId="ref27533" refString="Dorsey, R. J. & Roering, J. J. (2006) Quaternary landscape evolution in the San Jacinto fault zone, Peninsular ranges of Southern California: transient response to strike-slip fault initiation. Geomorphology, 73 (1 - 2), 16 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geomorph. 2005.06.013" type="journal article" year="2006">Dorsey and Roering 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), presumably with the fish. The rapid vertical motions driving these events were dramatic – sometimes exceeding
|
||
<quantity box="[1141,1191,1731,1757]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
|
||
at one time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McClay, K. & Bonora, M." pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="233 - 260" refId="ref29353" refString="McClay, K. & Bonora, M. (2001) Analog models of restraining stepovers in strike-slip fault systems. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 85, 233 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.1306 / 8626 C 7 AD- 173 B- 11 D 7 - 8645000102 C 1865 D" type="journal article" year="2001">McClay and Bonora 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The suddenness of this redirection of western
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[898,1002,1767,1793]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River tributaries into coastal-draining basins likely allowed the transfer of freshwater-dispersing fishes into the basin. These fishes apparently became completely isolated no later than ~1.1 mya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fattaruso, L. A. & Cooke, M. L. & Dorsey, R. J. & Housen, B. A." box="[649,886,1838,1864]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="474 - 488" refId="ref27770" refString="Fattaruso, L. A., Cooke, M. L., Dorsey, R. J. & Housen, B. A. (2016) Response of deformation patterns to reorganization of the southern San Andreas fault system since ca. 1.5 Ma. Tectonophysics, 693, 474 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tecto. 2016.05.035" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Fattaruso
|
||
<emphasis box="[762,819,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[898,1095,1838,1864]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[972,1029,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) when uplift of the mountains and downfaulting of the trough created an insurmountable barrier to further dispersal. The uplift the in the Peninsula Ranges (about 1.1–1.5 mya,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fattaruso, L. A. & Cooke, M. L. & Dorsey, R. J. & Housen, B. A." box="[473,706,1909,1936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="474 - 488" refId="ref27770" refString="Fattaruso, L. A., Cooke, M. L., Dorsey, R. J. & Housen, B. A. (2016) Response of deformation patterns to reorganization of the southern San Andreas fault system since ca. 1.5 Ma. Tectonophysics, 693, 474 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tecto. 2016.05.035" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Fattaruso
|
||
<emphasis box="[584,641,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) created a formidable barrier to freshwater fish dispersal and can be treated as the last point in time that dace could have colonized coastal waters. It is possible that dace were isolated slightly before the San Andreas fault began to shift, as suggested by previous studies (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1102,1137,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Spencer, J. E. & Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E." box="[1143,1360,1981,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="279 - 299" refId="ref31863" refString="Spencer, J. E., Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. (2008) Middle to late Cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest. In: Reheis, M. C., Hershler, R. & Miller, D. (Eds.), Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region: Geologic and Biotic Perspectives. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 439, pp. 279 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 2008.2439 (12)" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Spencer
|
||
<emphasis box="[1239,1294,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is highly unlikely that isolation occurred subsequent to onset of the formation of the Salton Sink (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1245,1278,2018,2043]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
1.1–1.3 mya)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701361/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" startId="11.[152,255,1729,1753]" targetBox="[225,1366,187,1692]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1729,2042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,282,1729,1753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic relationships among Speckled Dace populations in this study, modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[1227,1386,1729,1754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[1262,1308,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The molecular phylogeny was generated by an ML coalescent model in SVDQuartets with 100 bootstraps, using RAD sequencing data. Numbers on each lineage refer to the percentage of bootstrap runs (out of 100) that produced the same result. Details can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[324,491,1837,1862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[359,413,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The lineage names refer to major drainages from which our Speckled Dace samples were collected from California, as well as from major basins outside of California. We did not examine the latter findings in detail; they probably represent multiple undescribed species/subspecies. The capital letters refer to lineages identified as species in this paper. A. Desert Speckled Dace (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[496,638,1945,1969]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[496,638,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">R. nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), B. Western Speckled Dace (
|
||
<emphasis box="[952,1130,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[952,1119,1945,1969]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klamathensis">R. klamathensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
C. Santa Ana Speckled Dace (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,294,1981,2005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabrielino">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,294,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">R. gabrielino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Tui Chub (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[425,611,1981,2005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Siphatales" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[425,611,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Siphatales bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Relict Dace (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubbs & Miller" authorityYear="1972" box="[803,987,1981,2005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Relictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solitarius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[803,987,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Relictus solitarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were outgroups used to root the phylogeny because they are both western cyprinids distantly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Schonhuth et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Schonhuth" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[757,1125,2017,2042]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[757,877,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rhinichthys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schonhuth, S. & Shiozawa, D. K. & Dowling, T. E. & Mayden, R. L." box="[890,1118,2017,2042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="281 - 303" refId="ref31040" refString="Schonhuth, S., Shiozawa, D. K., Dowling, T. E. & Mayden, R. L. (2012) Molecular systematics of western North American cyprinids (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), Zootaxa, 3586 (1), 281 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3586.1.27" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Schönhuth
|
||
<emphasis box="[1006,1057,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="513" startId="12.[152,245,151,175]">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,151,247]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,268,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Mean, mode, and range of meristic counts on Santa Ana, Sacramento, Lahontan and Colorado basin populations of Speckled Dace, from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[413,598,187,211]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The Sacramento fish were from coastal streams just north of the Los Angeles Basin (Santa Maria, San Luis Obispo, Salinas). LL is lateral line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<table box="[166,1323,262,2029]" gridcols="5" gridrows="46" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,262,286]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,262,286]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,277,262,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[650,740,262,286]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[650,740,262,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Number</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[888,950,262,286]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[888,950,262,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Mean</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1069,1131,262,286]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1069,1131,262,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Mode</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1254,1323,262,286]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1254,1323,262,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Range</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,300,325]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,1323,300,325]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,370,300,325]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lateral lines scales</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,339,364]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,339,364]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Santa Ana</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,339,364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">156</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,339,364]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">74.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,339,364]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">76</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,339,364]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">64–82</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,378,402]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,378,402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sacramento</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,378,402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">123</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,378,402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">69.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,378,402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">72</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,378,402]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">54–82</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,417,441]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,417,441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lahontan</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,417,441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">17</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,417,441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">68.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,417,441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">72</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,417,441]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">60–77</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,456,480]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,456,480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Colorado</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,456,480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,456,480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">68.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,456,480]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">72</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,456,480]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">62–74</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,494,518]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,1323,494,518]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,342,494,518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Scales above LL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,533,557]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,533,557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Santa Ana</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,533,557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">105</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,533,557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">15.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,533,557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">15</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,533,557]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">12–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,572,596]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,572,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sacramento</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,572,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">124</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,572,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">16.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,572,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">16</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,572,596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">12–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,611,635]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,611,635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lahontan</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,611,635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">20</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,611,635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">14.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,611,635]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">15</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,611,635]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">10–21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,649,673]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,649,673]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Colorado</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,649,673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">5</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,649,673]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">15.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,649,673]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">15</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,649,673]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">15–17</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,687,712]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,1323,687,712]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,342,687,712]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Scales below LL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,727,751]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,727,751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Santa Ana</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,727,751]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">106</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,727,751]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">12.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,727,751]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">13</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,727,751]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">11–16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,766,790]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,766,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sacramento</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,766,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">121</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,766,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">14.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,766,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">14</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,766,790]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">10–19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,804,828]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,804,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lahontan</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,804,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">19</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,804,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">12.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,804,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">13</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,804,828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">11–16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,843,867]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,843,867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Colorado</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,843,867]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,843,867]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">12.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,843,867]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">13</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,843,867]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">11–16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,882,906]" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,1323,882,906]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,273,882,906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Vertebrae</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,920,945]" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,920,945]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Santa Ana</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,920,945]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">111</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,920,945]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">35.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,920,945]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">36</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,920,945]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">34–37</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,959,983]" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,959,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sacramento</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,959,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">99</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,959,983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">37.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,959,983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">36</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,959,983]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">34–39</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,998,1022]" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,998,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lahontan</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,998,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">17</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,998,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">36.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,998,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">36</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,998,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">35–38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1037,1061]" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1037,1061]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Colorado</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1037,1061]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">10</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1037,1061]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">36.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1037,1061]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">36/37</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1037,1061]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">35–38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1075,1099]" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,1323,1075,1099]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,328,1075,1099]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Dorsal-fin rays</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1114,1138]" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1114,1138]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Santa Ana</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1114,1138]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">99</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1114,1138]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1114,1138]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1114,1138]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7–9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1153,1177]" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1153,1177]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sacramento</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1153,1177]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">112</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1153,1177]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1153,1177]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1153,1177]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7–9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1192,1216]" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1192,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lahontan</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1192,1216]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">20</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1192,1216]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1192,1216]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1192,1216]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7–8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1230,1255]" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1230,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Colorado</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1230,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1230,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1230,1255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1230,1255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1268,1293]" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1268,1293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,308,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Anal-fin rays</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1308,1332]" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1308,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Santa Ana</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1308,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">99</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1308,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1308,1332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1308,1332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">5–8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1346,1371]" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1346,1371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sacramento</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1346,1371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">129</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1346,1371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1346,1371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1346,1371]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">5–8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1385,1409]" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1385,1409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lahontan</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1385,1409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">20</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1385,1409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1385,1409]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1385,1409]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7–8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1424,1448]" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1424,1448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Colorado</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1424,1448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1424,1448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1424,1448]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1424,1448]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1462,1487]" gridrow="31" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,1323,1462,1487]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,346,1462,1487]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Pectoral-fin rays</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1501,1526]" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1501,1526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Santa Ana</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1501,1526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">110</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1501,1526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">15.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1501,1526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">15</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1501,1526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">14–16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1540,1564]" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1540,1564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sacramento</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1540,1564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">121</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1540,1564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">14.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1540,1564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">14</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1540,1564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">12–16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1579,1603]" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1579,1603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lahontan</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1579,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">20</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1579,1603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">15.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1579,1603]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">14</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1579,1603]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">12–15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1618,1642]" gridrow="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1618,1642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Colorado</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1618,1642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1618,1642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">13.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1618,1642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">13</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1618,1642]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">12–15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1656,1680]" gridrow="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,1323,1656,1680]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,324,1656,1680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Pelvic-fin-rays</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1695,1719]" gridrow="37" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1695,1719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Santa Ana</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1695,1719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">110</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1695,1719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1695,1719]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1695,1719]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">6–9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1734,1758]" gridrow="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1734,1758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sacramento</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1734,1758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">126</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1734,1758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1734,1758]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1734,1758]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7–9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1773,1797]" gridrow="39" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1773,1797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lahontan</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1773,1797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">18</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1773,1797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1773,1797]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1773,1797]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7–9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1811,1835]" gridrow="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1811,1835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Colorado</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1811,1835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1811,1835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1811,1835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1811,1835]" gridcol="4" gridrow="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7–8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1849,1874]" gridrow="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,1323,1849,1874]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,335,1849,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Caudal-fin rays</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1889,1913]" gridrow="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1889,1913]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Santa Ana</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1889,1913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">113</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1889,1913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">18.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1889,1913]" gridcol="3" gridrow="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">19</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1889,1913]" gridcol="4" gridrow="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">16–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1927,1952]" gridrow="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1927,1952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sacramento</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1927,1952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">160</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1927,1952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">19.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1927,1952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">19</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1927,1952]" gridcol="4" gridrow="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">17–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,1966,1990]" gridrow="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,1966,1990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Lahontan</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,1966,1990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">14</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,1966,1990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">17.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,1966,1990]" gridcol="3" gridrow="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">19</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,1966,1990]" gridcol="4" gridrow="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">16–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1323,2005,2029]" gridrow="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<th box="[166,308,2005,2029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Colorado</th>
|
||
<td box="[650,740,2005,2029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[888,950,2005,2029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">18.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1069,1131,2005,2029]" gridcol="3" gridrow="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">19</td>
|
||
<td box="[1254,1323,2005,2029]" gridcol="4" gridrow="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">18–19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701363/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" startId="13.[152,255,1736,1760]" targetBox="[210,1376,181,1711]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,1736,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,280,1736,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Current distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[522,642,1736,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[522,642,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Rhinichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in California and adjacent watersheds. The distributions are only approximate but based on occurrence in HUC 12 watersheds. The numbers refer to populations in the Owens Valley and Death Valley that are included in Amargosa Speckled Dace,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[579,835,1808,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" subSpecies="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[579,835,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">R. nevadensis nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and can be recognized as Distinct Population Segments (1) Owens Speckled Dace, (2) Oasis Valley Speckled Dace, (3) Ash Meadows Speckled Dace, and (4) Amargosa River Speckled Dace. Long Valley Speckled Dace are a distinct subspecies. Dace have been extirpated from the south San Francisco Bay-Santa Clara Valley region. See text for more specific distributional information. Information for this map was gleaned from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gesch, D. & Oimoen, M. & Greenlee, S. & Nelson, C. & Steuck, M. & Tyler, D." pageId="13" pageNumber="514" pagination="5 - 11" refId="ref27963" refString="Gesch, D., Oimoen, M., Greenlee, S., Nelson, C. Steuck, M. & Tyler, D. (2002) The National Elevation Dataset. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 68 (1), 5 - 11." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Gesch
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Patterson, T. & Kelso, N. V." box="[263,541,1952,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" refId="ref30400" refString="Patterson, T. &. Kelso, N. V. (2021) Natural Earth Data. https: // www. naturalearthdata. com / (accessed 30 December 2022)" type="url" year="2021">Patterson and Kelso (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santos, N. R. & Katz, J. V. E. & Moyle, P. B. & Viers, J. H." box="[550,749,1952,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" pagination="13 - 26" refId="ref30967" refString="Santos, N. R., Katz, J. V. E., Moyle, P. B. & Viers, J. H. (2013) A programmable information system for management and analysis of aquatic species range data in California. Environmental Modeling & Software, 53, 13 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. envsoft. 2013.10.024" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Santos
|
||
<emphasis box="[624,674,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, US
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="U. S. Census Bureau & Department of Commerce" box="[798,1026,1952,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" refId="ref32468" refString="U. S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce (2001) Cartographic Boundary File (U. S. States). Available from: https: // www. census. gov / geographies / mapping-files / time-series / geo / carto-boundary-file. html. (accessed 30 December 2007)" type="url" year="2001">Census Bureau (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, USGS (2004, 2013). Speckled Dace are typically present in a limited number of streams, springs and ditches within each mapped region. Map by Amber Manfree.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701365/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" startId="14.[152,255,724,748]" targetBox="[149,1438,181,700]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,724,820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,281,724,748]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotypes of new taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[555,675,724,748]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[555,675,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Rhinichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described in this paper, A. Santa Ana Speckled Dace (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="WFB" authorityName="WFB" box="[1236,1436,724,748]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabrieleno">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1236,1375,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">R. gabrieleno</emphasis>
|
||
WFB
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3498. B. Long Valley Speckled Dace (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" box="[537,759,760,784]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" subSpecies="caldera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[537,759,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">R. nevadensis caldera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) WFB 5000, C. Warner Speckled Dace (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1169,1428,760,784]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="klamathensis" subSpecies="goyatoka">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1169,1428,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">R. klamathensis goyatoka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) WFB 122-10-44, D. Sacramento Speckled Dace (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[653,924,796,820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="klamathensis" subSpecies="achomawi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[653,924,796,820]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">R. klamathensis achomawi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) WFB 3171.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,866,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,255,867,893]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Note</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[269,394,867,893]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Taxonomy</emphasis>
|
||
. This study confirms that Santa Ana Speckled Dace is a full species, using the following lines of evidence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,866,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,313,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Taxonomy</emphasis>
|
||
: While lacking formal description until now, the Santa Ana Speckled Dace has long been recognized as distinct (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Swift, C. C. & Haglund, T. R. & Ruiz, M. & Fisher, R. N." box="[276,456,974,1001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="101 - 167" refId="ref32158" refString="Swift, C. C., Haglund, T. R., Ruiz, M. & Fisher, R. N. (1993) The status and distribution of the freshwater fishes of southern California. Bulletin, Southern California Academy Sciences, 92, 101 - 167." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Swift
|
||
<emphasis box="[344,391,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">et al</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[465,603,974,1000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" refId="ref29620" refString="Moyle, P. B. (1976) Inland Fishes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 405 pp." type="book" year="1976">Moyle 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[613,672,975,1001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R." box="[681,881,974,1001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="207 - 221" refId="ref30094" refString="Oakey, D. D., Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R. (2004) Small fish in a large landscape: diversification of Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae) in western North America, Copeia, 2004 (2), 207 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CG- 02 - 264 R 1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Oakey
|
||
<emphasis box="[760,815,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Definitive morphometric and meristic characters are largely absent. However, when combined, they can be used to distinguish Santa Ana Speckled Dace statistically from populations of other Speckled Dace species/subspecies, as well as from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1068,1172,1046,1072]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River Speckled Dace, indicating their long isolation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[496,674,1082,1108]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The apparently unique feature of complete absence of supraorbital bones further supports the species status of this dace.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,866,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,303,1154,1180]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Geology:</emphasis>
|
||
Improved understanding of the dynamic geology of southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1003,1117,1154,1180]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and of the shifting channels of the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[225,329,1190,1216]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
River have resulted in more supportable hypotheses as to how Speckled Dace and other endemic fishes were able to colonize coastal southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[657,771,1226,1252]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,866,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,372,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Zoogeography:</emphasis>
|
||
The historic distribution of the species in streams of the Los Angeles region shows long separation from their ancestral population and long isolation without access to other populations that could lead to hybridization. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[464,685,1334,1361]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[541,600,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regard hybridization as the reason
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1097,1215,1334,1360]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1097,1215,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">R. osculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is just one species throughout its enormous range, including the Los Angeles region, hybridization has clearly not been an issue with the Santa Ana Speckled Dace, which has had no opportunities for over 1.3 million years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,866,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,418,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Genomics/genetics.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[425,601,1442,1469]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[462,519,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
show that the Santa Ana Speckled Dace is the most distinct genetically of all other dace populations in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[475,591,1478,1504]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, indicating a long history without gene flow from other dace populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,866,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,319,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species epithet honors the Gabrielino-Tongva people, the indigenous inhabitants of the region at the time of the Spanish invasion and who still have a significant presence (https://gabrielinotribe.org/). The original range of the Santa Ana Speckled Dace was in the streams that flowed through the band’s homeland. The tribe is also known as San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians. The common name, Santa Ana Speckled Dace, is widely used for this fish (
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,298,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[305,447,1658,1685]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); it shares its name with the Santa Ana Sucker which also occurs in the Santa Ana River and adjacent watersheds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,866,2009]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,441,1731,1757]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Note: nomenclature.</emphasis>
|
||
The scientific name has long been a source of confusion.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W." box="[1067,1436,1730,1757]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="1 - 1240" refId="ref29041" refString="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. (1896) The Fishes of North and Middle America. Bulletin, US National Museum, 47, Part 1, 1 - 1240." type="journal article" year="1896">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1067,1142,1730,1756]" name="Jordan" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Evermann (1896:312)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
list
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1908" box="[196,494,1766,1793]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nubila" subSpecies="carringtoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[196,494,1766,1793]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">Agosia nubila carringtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having a wide distribution in the Great Basin but state “To this form we also refer provisionally specimens from Lake Tahoe and elsewhere in the Lahontan basin but also those from various coastwise localities in central and southern California, where it is abundant in clear streams and springs as far south as San Luis Obispo.”
|
||
<emphasis box="[394,635,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[394,472,1875,1901]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Agosia</taxonomicName>
|
||
n.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[507,635,1875,1900]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Apocope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carringtoni">carringtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
consequently was applied by early workers (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1140,1173,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, J. O." box="[1195,1338,1874,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="33 - 86" refId="ref31829" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1918) The fishes of the Lahontan system of Nevada and northeastern California. United States Bureau of Fisheries Bulletin, 35, 33 - 86." type="journal article" year="1918">Snyder 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to most dace populations in central and southern California including in the first paper mentioning Speckled Dace in the Los Angeles region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Culver, G. B. & Hubbs, C. L." box="[334,604,1946,1973]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" pagination="82 - 83" refId="ref27358" refString="Culver, G. B. & Hubbs, C. L. (1917) The fishes of the Santa Ana system of streams in southern California, Lorquinia, 1 (11), 82 - 83." type="journal article" year="1917">Culver and Hubbs 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[622,848,1946,1972]" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius (1969:18)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarized the history of the use of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1262,1390,1947,1972]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Apocope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carringtoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1262,1390,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">carringtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and quoted a personal communication from Carl Hubbs that there was “no sound basis for continued use of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1309,1437,1983,2008]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Apocope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carringtoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1309,1437,1983,2008]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="515">carringtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in reference to Santa Ana Speckled Dace.” Despite this comment,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornelius, R. H." box="[933,1127,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" refId="ref27318" refString="Cornelius, R. H. (1969) The Systematics and Zoogeography of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Southern California. M. A. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, California, 195 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cornelius (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shapovalov and Dill" authorityYear="1950" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="osculus" subSpecies="carringtoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">R. osculus carringtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the only available scientific name. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[895,1023,187,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Apocope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carringtoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[895,1023,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">carringtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reverted, with no real discussion, to being the name for Speckled Dace found in the Bonneville basin of Utah and Idaho (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[1083,1277,223,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[1158,1213,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from whence it was originally described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cope, E. D." box="[462,589,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" pagination="467 - 476" refId="ref27128" refString="Cope, E. D. (1872) Report on the recent reptiles and fishes of the survey, collected by Campbell Carrington and C. M. Dawes. In: Part IV: Zoology and Botany of Preliminary Report of the U. S. Geological Survey of Montana and Adjacent Territories. Annual Report of Progress, 5, pp. 467 - 476." type="journal article" year="1872">Cope 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Santa Ana Speckled Dace has subsequently been referred to as just
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">R. osculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[252,292,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Swift, C. C. & Haglund, T. R. & Ruiz, M. & Fisher, R. N." box="[300,492,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" pagination="101 - 167" refId="ref32158" refString="Swift, C. C., Haglund, T. R., Ruiz, M. & Fisher, R. N. (1993) The status and distribution of the freshwater fishes of southern California. Bulletin, Southern California Academy Sciences, 92, 101 - 167." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Swift
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,426,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[504,644,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" refId="ref29620" refString="Moyle, P. B. (1976) Inland Fishes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 405 pp." type="book" year="1976">Moyle 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[655,713,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or
|
||
<emphasis box="[759,954,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[759,875,295,321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">R. osculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Davis, L. H." box="[1026,1287,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" pagination="244 - 258" refId="ref29829" refString="Moyle, P. B. & Davis, L. H. (2000) A list of freshwater, anadromous, and euryhaline fishes of California. California Fish and Game, 86, 244 - 258." type="journal article" year="2000">Moyle and Davis 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." pageId="15" pageNumber="516" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[1380,1437,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Chow, J. & Unmack, P. J. & Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E." box="[221,416,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. & Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,351,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but has resisted formal description until now.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701367/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" startId="15.[152,255,1904,1928]" targetBox="[158,1429,381,1880]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1904,2036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,281,1904,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Top: Male Santa Ana Speckled Dace in breeding colors. Photo by Jennifer Pareti, CDFW. Bottom: Approximate historic and extant distribution of Santa Ana Speckled Dace (from Center for
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Biological Diversity" box="[973,1252,1940,1965]" pageId="15" pageNumber="516" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref26938" refString="Center for Biological Diversity (2020) Petition to List Three Populations of Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus) in the Death Valley Region under the Endangered Species Act: Amargosa Canyon Speckled Dace, Long Valley Speckled Dace, Owens Speckled Dace. Submitted to US Fish and Wildlife Service, 8 June 2020, 1 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2020">Biological Diversity, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This figure also shows the importance of public lands (green) for their conservation. Historic range shows areas from which they have been extirpated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,452,150,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[496,612,151,177]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Santa Ana Speckled Dace historically inhabited streams in the upland areas of the San Jacinto, Santa Ana, San Gabriel and Los Angeles rivers which were interconnected by lowelevation floodplains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Swift, C. C. & Haglund, T. R. & Ruiz, M. & Fisher, R. N." box="[403,598,223,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="101 - 167" refId="ref32158" refString="Swift, C. C., Haglund, T. R., Ruiz, M. & Fisher, R. N. (1993) The status and distribution of the freshwater fishes of southern California. Bulletin, Southern California Academy Sciences, 92, 101 - 167." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Swift
|
||
<emphasis box="[474,531,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[610,750,223,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." box="[762,967,222,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[844,901,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[990,1089,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,381,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-123@15.[158,1429,381,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. Top: Male Santa Ana Speckled Dace in breeding colors. Photo by Jennifer Pareti, CDFW. Bottom: Approximate historic and extant distribution of Santa Ana Speckled Dace (from Center for Biological Diversity, 2020). This figure also shows the importance of public lands (green) for their conservation. Historic range shows areas from which they have been extirpated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701367/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). They have since disappeared from much (75%) of their range, including the middle reaches and tributaries of the Santa Ana River, most of the Los Angeles River and San Jacinto River basins (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." box="[714,922,294,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[797,855,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Center for
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Biological Diversity" box="[1058,1356,295,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref26938" refString="Center for Biological Diversity (2020) Petition to List Three Populations of Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus) in the Death Valley Region under the Endangered Species Act: Amargosa Canyon Speckled Dace, Long Valley Speckled Dace, Owens Speckled Dace. Submitted to US Fish and Wildlife Service, 8 June 2020, 1 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2020">Biological Diversity 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Their current distribution is restricted to headwater streams of the San Jacinto, Santa Ana, and San Gabriel rivers and Big Tujunga Creek (Los Angeles River drainage). In 2005, Speckled Dace were reintroduced into the North Fork of Lytle Creek; a similar introduction was made into the Middle Fork in 2007 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." box="[1080,1295,402,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1224,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both were apparently successful.Attempts to establish populations of Santa Ana Speckled Dace outside their native range were made through introductions into the Santa Clara and Cuyama rivers. Success of these populations is uncertain. An additional introduction into River Springs, Mono County, failed
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
The third edition of the Fish Species of Special Concern Report of the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[962,1076,547,573]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Department of Fish and Wildlife (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." box="[159,361,582,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[240,296,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) rates the Santa Ana Speckled Dace as one of the most endangered fish in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1192,1309,583,609]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The report notes that the Santa Ana Speckled Dace is a
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[661,711,619,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Forest Service Sensitive Species in the three national forests in which it is found (Angeles, San Bernardino, Cleveland NFs). However, it is likely extirpated from Cleveland National Forest (Santiago Creek). The
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[491,605,691,717]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Natural Diversity Database ranks Speckled Dace as secure at the global scale (G5) but the Santa Ana subspecies as Imperiled (T1S1; www.natureserve.org). It is listed as Threatened by the American Fisheries Society (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jelks, H. L. & Walsh, S. J. & Burkhead, N. M. & Contreras-Balderas, S. & Diaz-Pardo, E. & Hendrickson, D. A. & Lyons, J. & Mandrak, N. E. & McCormick, F. & Nelson, J. S. & Platania, S. P." box="[473,660,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="372 - 407" refId="ref28873" refString="Jelks, H. L., Walsh, S. J., Burkhead, N. M., Contreras-Balderas, S., Diaz-Pardo, E., Hendrickson, D. A., Lyons, J., Mandrak, N. E., McCormick, F., Nelson, J. S. & Platania, S. P. (2008) Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries, 33 (8), 372 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.1577 / 1548 - 8446 - 33.8.372" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Jelks
|
||
<emphasis box="[537,593,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The habitat of this species continues to shrink due to urbanization of the Los Angeles region, resulting in fragmentation and reduction of populations. Intense human use of their streams on public lands for recreation and water supply also contributes to their decline. Extinction seems likely in the next few decades without special protection for all remaining populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Swift, C. C. & Haglund, T. R. & Ruiz, M. & Fisher, R. N." box="[941,1135,871,897]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="101 - 167" refId="ref32158" refString="Swift, C. C., Haglund, T. R., Ruiz, M. & Fisher, R. N. (1993) The status and distribution of the freshwater fishes of southern California. Bulletin, Southern California Academy Sciences, 92, 101 - 167." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Swift
|
||
<emphasis box="[1011,1069,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[1147,1287,871,897]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[1379,1437,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
Listing Santa Ana Speckled Dace as threatened or endangered under state and federal Endangered Species Acts would be a major step towards preventing extinction. It appears that lack of a formal species description has been a barrier to listing, even though recent genetic and phylogenetic studies show it to be distinct from all other Speckled Dace (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R." box="[332,535,1051,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="207 - 221" refId="ref30094" refString="Oakey, D. D., Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R. (2004) Small fish in a large landscape: diversification of Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae) in western North America, Copeia, 2004 (2), 207 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CG- 02 - 264 R 1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Oakey
|
||
<emphasis box="[413,469,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E." box="[545,829,1051,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="301 - 317" refId="ref31605" refString="Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. (2008) Correlating hydrographic events and divergence times of Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys: Teleostei, Cyprinidae), in the Colorado River drainage. In: Reheis, M., Hershler, R. & Miller, D. (Eds.), Late Cenozoic drainage history of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River region: geologic and biotic perspectives. Geological Society of America Special Publication, 439, pp. 301 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 2008.2439 (13)" type="journal article" year="2008">Smith and Dowling 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mussmann, S. M." box="[839,1028,1051,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29974" refString="Mussmann, S. M. (2018) Diversification Across a Dynamic Landscape: Phylogeography and Riverscape Genetics of Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus) in Western North America Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 166 pp." type="book" year="2018">Mussmann 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[1074,1130,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in 2022). It could therefore be listed as a Distinct Population Segment, even without formal description. Our paper resolves whatever taxonomic uncertainty previously confounded action by regulatory authorities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |