treatments-xml/data/03/D0/FB/03D0FB0AFFB22E2C09E0FCE1FA847C57.xml
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<document id="E13319079AFC04A5A82F0A5E85C032FC" ID-CLB-Dataset="36829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3823.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdc3964e-ebf3-491e-b10c-9ad6592cb0f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286373" ID-ZooBank="0D42FA17-3B11-4DBB-9E48-D7D505F9CE29" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460443345149" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Austin, William C., Ott, Bruce S., Reiswig, Henry M., Romagosa, Paula &amp; G, Neil" docDate="2014" docId="03D0FB0AFFB22E2C09E0FCE1FA847C57" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03823p084.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3823 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Suberites latus Lambe 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FFE98372FF892E120977FF89FF837A07" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698333174097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EC68CB0D011B54DF23538F0C934466DE">Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6F3B70F84C429388A6EAA0FE141CDBD3">Austin, William C.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3631997FFB22E2909E0FCE1FF6579A4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB22E2909E0FCE1FE717985" blockId="59.[151,498,872,931]" box="[151,498,872,898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="D08EFD70FFB22E2909E0FCE1FE717985" bold="true" box="[151,498,872,898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E2909E0FCE1FE717985" authority="Lambe, 1893" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,498,872,898]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2909E0FCE1FE717985" bold="true" box="[151,498,872,898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2909E0FCE1FECA7985" bold="true" box="[151,329,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Suberites latus</emphasis>
Lambe, 1893
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB22E2909E0FC03FF6579A4" blockId="59.[151,498,872,931]" box="[151,230,906,931]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<figureCitation id="13425699FFB22E2909E0FC03FF6579A4" box="[151,230,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[171,1423,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 23. Suberites latus Lambe, 1893. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars E I, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB22E2909E0FC5BFE4F79EF" blockId="59.[151,796,978,1154]" box="[151,460,978,1000]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E2909E0FC5BFE4A79EF" authority="Lambe, 1893" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,457,978,1000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2909E0FC5BFEAF79EF" box="[151,300,978,1000]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Suberites latus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB22E290844FC5BFE4A79EF" author="Lambe" box="[307,457,978,1000]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1893 b) Sponges from the Pacific coast of Canada. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1893, XI (4), 25 - 43, pls. II - IV." type="journal article" year="1893" yearSuffix="b">Lambe, 1893b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB22E2909E0FC7BFDF47E21" blockId="59.[151,796,978,1154]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB22E2909E0FC7BFEB17E00" author="Lee" box="[151,306,1009,1031]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Lee, W., Elvin, D. W. &amp; Reiswig, H. M. (2007) The sponges of California. A guide and key to the marine sponges of California. Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation, Monterey, CA, 130 &amp; 265 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Lee
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2909B4FC7BFF757E00" box="[195,246,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
: Key 16
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E2908FBFC78FDED7E00" box="[396,622,1009,1031]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montalbidus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2908FBFC78FDED7E00" box="[396,622,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Suberites montalbidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB22E290BE7FC78FC9B7E00" author="Lambe" box="[656,792,1009,1031]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1895) Sponges from the western coast of North America. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1894, XII (4), 113 - 138, pls. II - IV." type="journal article" year="1895">Lambe, 1895</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E2909E0FB99FEC17E21" box="[151,322,1040,1062]" class="Demospongiae" family="Stylocordylidae" genus="Ficulina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="suberea">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2909E0FB99FEC17E21" box="[151,322,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ficulina suberea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E29083FFB98FE1F7E21" box="[328,412,1040,1062]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="variety" variety="lata">
var.
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E290803FB99FE1F7E21" box="[372,412,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">lata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB22E2908B7FB99FDF07E21" author="Laubenfels" box="[448,627,1040,1062]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, Article 4, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels, 1932</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB22E2909E0FBA7FD0B7E43" blockId="59.[151,796,978,1154]" box="[151,648,1070,1092]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E2909E0FBA7FED07E43" box="[151,339,1070,1092]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Choanites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="suberea">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2909E0FBA7FED07E43" box="[151,339,1070,1092]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Choanites suberea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E29082EFBA6FE2E7E43" box="[345,429,1070,1092]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="variety" variety="lata">
var.
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2908F2FBA7FE2E7E43" box="[389,429,1070,1092]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">lata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB22E2908A6FBA7FD077E43" author="Laubenfels" box="[465,644,1070,1092]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1961) Porifera of Friday Harbor and vicinity. Pacific Science, 15, 192 - 202." type="journal article" year="1961">Laubenfels, 1961</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB22E2909E0FBC4FD587E85" blockId="59.[151,796,978,1154]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E2909E0FBC4FE757E64" authority="Olivi, 1792" authorityName="Olivi" authorityYear="1792" box="[151,502,1101,1123]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="domuncula">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2909E0FBC4FEEF7E64" box="[151,364,1101,1123]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Suberites domuncula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB22E29080EFBC4FE6C7E64" author="Olivi" box="[377,495,1101,1123]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Olivi, G. (1792) Zoologia Adriatica ossia Catalogo ragionato degli Animali del Golfo e delle Lagune di Venezia, XXXI. G. Remondini e fl., Bassano, 334 pp." type="book" year="1792">Olivi, 1792</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E29088BFBC4FDAF7E64" box="[508,556,1101,1123]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E29088BFBC4FDAF7E64" box="[508,556,1101,1123]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB22E290B39FBC4FD527E64" author="Koltun" box="[590,721,1101,1123]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1966) Four-rayed sponges of the north and far eastern seas of the U. S. S. R. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 90, 1 - 107. [In Russian: Translated by Fisheries Research Board Canada, Ottawa, 1971]" type="journal article" year="1966">Koltun 1966</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB22E2909E0FBE5FE587E85" authority="Johnston, 1842" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,475,1132,1154]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2909E0FBE5FEA87E85" box="[151,299,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Suberites ficus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB22E29084FFBE5FE577E85" author="Johnston" box="[312,468,1132,1154]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Johnston, G. (1842) A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. W. H. Lizars, Edinburgh, 264 pp., 25 pls." type="book" year="1842">Johnston, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB22E29088AFBE5FD547E85" author="Bakus" box="[509,727,1132,1154]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Bakus, G. J. &amp; Green, K. D. (1987) The distribution of marine sponges collected from the 1976 - 1978 Bureau of Land Management Southern California Bight Program. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 86 (2), 57 - 88." type="journal article" year="1987">Bakus &amp; Green 1987</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB22E2909E0FB20FE077EC5" bold="true" box="[151,388,1193,1218]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E2908F8FB23FE637EC5" box="[399,480,1194,1218]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qzhp-igg5" name="National Oceanic and Atmospeheric Administration" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">NOAA</collectionCode>
0 27212, Boulder Patch, Stefansson Sd., Beaufort Sea, Alaska, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290DB9FB23FAD97EC5" box="[1230,1370,1193,1218]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="9" value="70.32083">70º 19.25'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290C1EFB23FF687EE1" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-147.585">147º 35.1'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290989FB44FEAB7EE2" box="[254,296,1229,1254]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
depth, no date,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E2908AFFB47FDD97EE1" box="[472,602,1229,1254]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290B13FB47FD367EE1" box="[612,693,1230,1254]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qzhp-igg5" name="National Oceanic and Atmospeheric Administration" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">NOAA</collectionCode>
0 22120, Chukchi Sea, South Alaska, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290D14FB44FB697EE1" box="[1123,1258,1229,1254]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="9" value="65.75833">65º 45.50'N</geoCoordinate>
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), no depth, no date,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E29081BFB7BFE727F0D" box="[364,497,1265,1290]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E29088AFB7BFDCD7F0D" box="[509,590,1266,1290]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qzhp-igg5" name="National Oceanic and Atmospeheric Administration" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">NOAA</collectionCode>
0 18307, Bering Sea, Alaska, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290ADAFB78FBAB7F0D" box="[941,1064,1265,1290]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="65.26667">65º 16.0'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290D42FB78FB467F0D" box="[1077,1221,1265,1290]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-166.6">166º 36.0'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290DADFB7BFAA97F0E" box="[1242,1322,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="12.7">12.7 m</quantity>
depth, no date; KML 1080, PBS sta. 63, 74, Kodiak, Alaska, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290B9BFA9CFCEB7F29" box="[748,872,1301,1326]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="58.13">58º 07.8'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290A02FA9CFB877F29" box="[885,1028,1301,1326]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-150.85">150º 51.0'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290D6EFA9CFBE17F2A" box="[1049,1122,1301,1326]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="126.0">126 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E290DCFFA9FFADD7F29" box="[1208,1374,1301,1326]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1963-08-31">Aug. 31, 1963</date>
, coll. PBS,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E2909AEFAB3FEDD7F55" box="[217,350,1337,1362]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; KML 1082, PBS sta. 69, 11, S. of Rose Spit, Graham I.,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290D76FAB3FBAA7F55" box="[1025,1065,1338,1362]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290D48FAB0FB387F55" box="[1087,1211,1337,1362]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="54.171665">54º 10.3'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290DBEFAB3FAC87F55" box="[1225,1355,1337,1362]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-131.09166">131º 5.5'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290C16FAB3FA1F7F56" box="[1377,1436,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E290992FAD7FED57F71" box="[229,342,1373,1398]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1969-06">Jun. 1969</date>
, coll. PBS,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E2908AAFAD7FDE87F71" box="[477,619,1373,1398]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
; KML 1081, 16 km SW Archibald,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290D7FFAD7FBB37F71" box="[1032,1072,1374,1398]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (approx.
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290DD4FAD4FA8B7F71" box="[1187,1288,1373,1398]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="54.1">54º 06'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290C62FAD7FA137F71" box="[1301,1424,1373,1398]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-131.1">131º 06'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E2909E0FA0BFEB97F9D" box="[151,314,1409,1434]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1964-05-16">May 16, 1964</date>
, coll. PBS/JAT,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290882FA0BFD077F9D" box="[501,644,1409,1434]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
; KML 1083, KML sta. 77/76, Skincuttle Inlet,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290DD4FA0BFB487F9D" box="[1187,1227,1410,1434]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290D97FA08FADE7F9D" box="[1248,1373,1409,1434]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="52.33">52º 19.8'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290C1DFA0BFF687FB9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-131.20667">131º 12.4'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290989FA2CFEC67FBA" box="[254,325,1445,1470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E2908EFFA2FFDAC7FB9" box="[408,559,1445,1470]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1976-09-01">Sept. 1, 1976</date>
, coll. W.C. Austin,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290A7DFA2FFC147FB9" box="[778,919,1445,1470]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290AD5FA2FFC707FB9" box="[930,1011,1446,1470]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">RBCM</collectionCode>
780-267, Nakwakto Rapids,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290C4CFA2FFAE07FB9" box="[1339,1379,1446,1470]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290C01FA2CFF4D7FE5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="51.1">51º 06'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E2909AEFA43FED27FE5" box="[217,337,1482,1506]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-127.5">127º 30'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290813FA43FE657FE5" box="[356,486,1481,1506]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; KML 1084, KML sta. 63, 3, Malcolm I.,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290ACEFA43FC627FE5" box="[953,993,1482,1506]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290A83FA40FBEE7FE5" box="[1012,1133,1481,1506]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="50.628334">50º 37.7'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290D0FFA43FA867FE5" box="[1144,1285,1482,1506]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-127.03">127º 01.8'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290C6EFA40FAD27FE6" box="[1305,1361,1481,1506]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E2909E0FA67FEAC7C01" box="[151,303,1517,1542]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1963-01-12">Jan. 12, 1963</date>
, coll. D.B. Quayle,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290B7AFA67FD2B7C01" box="[525,680,1517,1542]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
; KML 1085, PBS sta. N-7, Lawn Point, Haida Gwaii,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290C7CFA67FAB07C01" box="[1291,1331,1518,1542]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (approx.
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E2909E0F998FF797C2D" box="[151,250,1553,1578]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="53.416668">53º 25'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290873F99BFEFF7C2D" box="[260,380,1553,1578]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-131.91667">131º 55'W</geoCoordinate>
), Beacon bearing 243º,
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290BF2F99BFD3E7C2E" box="[645,701,1554,1578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="28.0">28 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E290A78F99BFC327C2D" box="[783,945,1553,1578]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1960-08-25">Aug. 25, 1960</date>
, coll. D.B. Quayle,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290DFBF99BFA8C7C2D" box="[1164,1295,1553,1578]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; KML 1090, KML sta. 70/75, Thiepval Channel, Barkley Sd.,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290BB0F9BFFD6C7C49" box="[711,751,1590,1614]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290A74F9BFFCFD7C49" box="[771,894,1589,1614]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="48.90333">48º 54.2'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290AFCF9BCFB9A7C49" box="[907,1049,1589,1614]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-125.32833">125º 19.7'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290D59F9BFFBEB7C4A" box="[1070,1128,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="22.0">22 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E290DC9F9BFFADC7C49" box="[1214,1375,1589,1614]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1975-05-16">May 16, 1975</date>
, coll. W.C. Austin,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290847F9D3FE307C75" box="[304,435,1625,1650]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; KML 1089, KML sta. 160/75, W. Satellite Passage,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290D7AF9D3FBB67C75" box="[1037,1077,1626,1650]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (approx.
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290DD0F9D3FA897C75" box="[1191,1290,1625,1650]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="48.866665">48º 52'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290C60F9D0FA0C7C75" box="[1303,1423,1625,1650]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-125.183334">125º 11'W</geoCoordinate>
), no depth, 1975, coll. W.C. Austin,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290B6AF9F7FD237C91" box="[541,672,1661,1686]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; KML 1087, KML sta. 105/76, N of Diana I., Barkley Sd.,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290C4CF9F7FAE07C91" box="[1339,1379,1662,1686]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290C01F9F7FF607CBD" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="48.851665">48º 51.1'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290986F928FE037CBD" box="[241,384,1697,1722]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-125.19833">125º 11.9'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E2908E2F92BFE787CBE" box="[405,507,1698,1722]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="22.0">2231 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E290B25F928FD587CBD" box="[594,731,1697,1722]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1976-07-08">Jul. 8, 1976</date>
, coll. W.C. Austin,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290AC8F92BFBC77CBD" box="[959,1092,1697,1722]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; KML 1102, KML sta. 67/87, Barkley Sd.,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290858F941FED47CE7" box="[303,343,1736,1760]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (approx.
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E2908B9F941FDB07CE6" box="[462,563,1733,1761]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="48.85">48o 51'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290B35F941FD3F7CE7" box="[578,700,1733,1761]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-125.23333">125o 14'W</geoCoordinate>
), no depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E290A3EF941FC617CE7" box="[841,994,1736,1761]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1987-07-19">Jul. 19, 1987</date>
, coll. W.C. Austin,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290DBDF941FAD37CE6" box="[1226,1360,1736,1761]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; KML 1088, KML sta. 261/72, off Barkley Sd.,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290B14F965FD087D03" box="[611,651,1772,1796]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290BE9F965FC807D03" box="[670,771,1772,1796]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="48.783333">48º 47'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290A79F965FC057D03" box="[782,902,1772,1797]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-125.566666">125º 34'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290AEDF965FC507D03" box="[922,979,1772,1797]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="66.0">66 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E290D51F965FB4B7D02" box="[1062,1224,1772,1797]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1976-08-15">Aug. 15, 1976</date>
, coll. W.C. Austin,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E2909E0F899FE997D2E" box="[151,282,1808,1833]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; KML 1091, KML sta. 63/68, Saltspring I.,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290A70F899FCAC7D2F" box="[775,815,1808,1832]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290A35F899FC3F7D2E" box="[834,956,1808,1833]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="48.71">48º 42.6'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290AB0F899FBD57D2F" box="[967,1110,1808,1832]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-123.486664">123º 29.2'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290D1EF899FB217D2F" box="[1129,1186,1808,1833]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E290D82F898FA1B7D2E" box="[1269,1432,1808,1833]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1963-08-25">Aug. 25, 1963</date>
, coll. W.C. Austin,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290810F8BDFE697D4A" box="[359,490,1844,1869]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; KML 1086, KML sta. 201/76, W side Gilbert I., Barkley Sd.,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290DDEF8BDFB527D4B" box="[1193,1233,1844,1868]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290D92F8BDFADC7D4A" box="[1253,1375,1844,1869]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="38.866665">38º 52.0'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290C1DF8BDFF717D77" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="92" value="-125.33">125º 19.8' W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB22E290872F8D1FEB27D77" box="[261,305,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB22E2908F3F8D0FDA77D77" box="[388,548,1880,1904]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1971-11-24">Nov. 24, 1971</date>
, coll. W.C. Austin,
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB22E290A77F8D1FC017D76" box="[768,898,1880,1905]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB22E2909B0F8F5FE527DDA" blockId="59.[151,1437,1193,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Field images, no vouchers: Welcome Passage,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290B92F8F5FC8E7D93" box="[741,781,1916,1940]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (approx.
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290AF4F8F5FC697D93" box="[899,1002,1916,1940]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="49.5">49º 30'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290A8EF8F5FBF77D92" box="[1017,1140,1916,1941]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-123.933334">123º 56'W</geoCoordinate>
), 2 photos, N. McDaniel; Howe Sd.,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290860F829FEBC7DBF" box="[279,319,1952,1976]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (approx.
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E2908C3F829FD9A7DBE" box="[436,537,1952,1977]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="49.416668">49º 25'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290B50F829FD227DBF" box="[551,673,1952,1976]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-123.38333">123º 23'W</geoCoordinate>
), 2 photos, N. McDaniel; Port Hardy,
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FFB22E290D2DF829FB017DBF" box="[1114,1154,1952,1976]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BC</collectionCode>
, (approx.
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290D81F829FADF7DBE" box="[1270,1372,1952,1977]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="48.75">48º 45'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB22E290C1DF829FF567DDB" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-127.46667">127º 28'W</geoCoordinate>
), photo, N. McDaniel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF061A94FFB52E2E09E0F94EFB9A7D1D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" targetPageId="60">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB52E2E09E0F94EFB9A7D1D" blockId="60.[151,1436,1735,1818]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB52E2E09E0F94EFEA17CDA" bold="true" box="[151,290,1735,1757]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB52E2E085CF94EFDD57CDA" authority="Lambe, 1893" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1893" box="[299,598,1735,1757]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB52E2E085CF94EFE0A7CDA" box="[299,393,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Suberites</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB52E2E08E4F94EFE477CDA" box="[403,452,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">latus</emphasis>
Lambe, 1893
</taxonomicName>
. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars EI, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3631997FFB52E2F09B0F8CBFC7E797D" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB52E2E09B0F8CBFEE27DEC" blockId="60.[151,1436,1858,2027]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB52E2E09B0F8CBFEDA7D5C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1858,1883]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB52E2E0815F8CAFDDC7D5D" box="[354,607,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Macroscopic features.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13425699FFB52E2E0B07F8CBFD467D5D" box="[624,709,1858,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[171,1423,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 23. Suberites latus Lambe, 1893. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars E I, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
A, B, C). Body form ranges from thin crust on a snail shell to massive amorphous forms up to
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB52E2E0B7AF8EFFDD77D79" box="[525,596,1894,1918]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB52E2E0BCAF8EFFD757D79" box="[701,758,1894,1918]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
high by
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB52E2E0A28F8ECFC1B7D79" box="[863,920,1893,1918]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
wide. Individuals almost always contain one hermit crab (
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB52E2E0843F802FD187DA5" authority="Hart, 1971" authorityName="Hart" authorityYear="1971" box="[308,667,1930,1954]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paguridae" genus="Pagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensae">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB52E2E0843F802FD887DA5" box="[308,523,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Pagurus stevensae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB52E2E0B6EF802FD187DA5" author="Hart" box="[537,667,1930,1954]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refString="Hart, J. F. L. (1971) New distribution records of reptant decapod Crustacea, including descriptions of three new species of Pagurus, from the waters adjacent to British Columbia. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 28, 1527 - 1544. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 71 - 233" type="journal article" year="1971">Hart, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Oscula sparse, flush with the surface,
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB52E2E0DF3F803FB647DA5" box="[1156,1255,1930,1954]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">23 mm</quantity>
in diameter in preserved samples. In life a firm rubbery consistency which is smooth to the touch. Brownish yellow to brownish red-orange in life.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09B0FF10FEC07AFF" blockId="61.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F09B0FF10FE3F7AB7" box="[199,444,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Microscopic features.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13425699FFB42E2F08BAFF1EFDA27AB7" box="[461,545,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[171,1423,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 23. Suberites latus Lambe, 1893. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars E I, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
D). Ectosome with dense layer of relatively short tylostyles aligned normal to surface; pointed ends extend less than
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB42E2F0B30FF35FD1E7AD3" box="[583,669,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
beyond surface. Choanosome with irregularly distributed, relatively long tylostyles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09B0FE8DFF687BAA" blockId="61.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F09B0FE8DFEAF7B1A" box="[199,300,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres are two size classes of tylostyles, data given from KML 1085. Tylostyles 1 (shorter,
<figureCitation id="13425699FFB42E2F0C07FE8DFF307B47" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[171,1423,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 23. Suberites latus Lambe, 1893. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars E I, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
F) are restricted to ectosome. Tylostyles 2 (longer,
<figureCitation id="13425699FFB42E2F0B9DFEAEFCBA7B47" box="[746,825,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[171,1423,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 23. Suberites latus Lambe, 1893. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars E I, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
E) occur in both ectosome and choanosome. Both long and short tylostyles may be straight (
<figureCitation id="13425699FFB42E2F0B2EFEC5FD2C7B63" box="[601,687,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[171,1423,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 23. Suberites latus Lambe, 1893. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars E I, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
F) but are generally curved or sinuous (
<figureCitation id="13425699FFB42E2F0DE3FEC5FB6E7B63" box="[1172,1261,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[171,1423,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 23. Suberites latus Lambe, 1893. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars E I, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
E). The tyle is symmetrical or sometimes tilted to one side. It is occasionally lobed or expanded below the apex which is then styloid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09B0FE3EFEFB781F" blockId="61.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Tylostyles terminating at the cavity containing the hermit crab are strongylote rather than oxeote (
<figureCitation id="13425699FFB42E2F0C51FE3EFAFA7BD7" box="[1318,1401,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[171,1423,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 23. Suberites latus Lambe, 1893. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars E I, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
G). We also measured large tylostyle lengths of seven specimens from southern BC to
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB42E2F0D10FE55FB4D7BF2" box="[1127,1230,476,501]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="km" value="2500.0">2500 km</quantity>
north off Kodiak (Alaska) (
<tableCitation id="C6FB7FA7FFB42E2F0871FE76FEE8781F" box="[262,363,511,536]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="61.[151,239,961,984]" captionTargetBox="[159,1281,1044,1355]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="TABLE 13. Range and maximum size of large tylostyles of Suberites latus Lambe, 1893, from a variety of locations from southern BC to Kodiak Alaska." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF">Table 13</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09B0FDADFC4E7883" blockId="61.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Microscleres are choanosomal centrotylote strongyles (
<figureCitation id="13425699FFB42E2F0A32FDADFC27783B" box="[837,932,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[171,1422,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[171,1423,193,1719]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 23. Suberites latus Lambe, 1893. A, B, typical smooth surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, rough surface morph, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, section normal to surface, scale bar 1 mm; E, curved tylostyle; F, straight tylostyle; G, tylostrongyle; H, I, fat and thin acanthose centrotylote strongyles, scale bars E I, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286396/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
HI) or oxeas; common, rare or apparently absent. In our material shaft is microspined; may be thick (5 µm) or thin (2.5 µm); tyle may occasionally be excentric. KML 1085 except for those with * which are from KML 1102.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09E8FD29FA907935" blockId="61.[159,1299,672,890]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Location Spicule
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFFB42E2F0893FD28FD9578B1" box="[484,534,673,694]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
Fig. Length Width Ectosome Tylostyle 1 23F 103(130)153 5.0(6.9)10.0 Tylostyle
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB42E2F0881FD7BFD39790F" box="[502,698,754,776]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" precision="925" value="2.3833332">2 23E</geoCoordinate>
203(261)360 5.0(8.4)12.5 Choanosome Tylostyle
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFFB42E2F0881FC95FD397935" box="[502,698,796,818]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" precision="925" value="2.3833332">2 23E</geoCoordinate>
218(300)345 5.0(7.4)10.0
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F08E5FCCCFC72795C" blockId="61.[159,1299,672,890]" box="[402,1009,837,859]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Centrotylote strongyles 23H,
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB42E2F0BBEFCCFFCD6795C" box="[713,853,837,859]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1920-01">I 20</date>
(29)60 N=12
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F0A4CFCEDFC7E797D" blockId="61.[159,1299,672,890]" box="[827,1021,868,890]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">18(23)33 N=25*</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF" ID-Table-UUID="DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[159,1281,1044,1355]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="61">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF" blockId="61.[151,1436,961,1016]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F09E0FC48FE9A79DF" bold="true" box="[151,281,961,984]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">TABLE 13.</emphasis>
Range and maximum size of large tylostyles of
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB42E2F0A46FC48FBE879DF" authority="Lambe, 1893" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1893" box="[817,1131,961,984]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F0A46FC48FC1779DF" box="[817,916,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Suberites</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F0AEAFC48FC5279DF" box="[925,977,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">latus</emphasis>
Lambe, 1893
</taxonomicName>
, from a variety of locations from southern BC to Kodiak Alaska.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09E8FB9DFB127F4C" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<table id="F979B8BCFFB4D1ED09E8FB9DFA827F4C" box="[159,1281,1044,1355]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<tr id="3549485EFFB4D1ED09E8FB9DFA827E2D" box="[159,1281,1044,1066]" gridrow="0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED09E8FB9DFE077E2D" box="[159,388,1044,1066]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Registration Numbers</th>
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED08B6FB9DFC017E2D" box="[449,898,1044,1066]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Location in BC</th>
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED0A82FB9DFA827E2D" box="[1013,1281,1044,1066]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Tylostyle length Μm N=20</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFFB4D1ED09E8FBB4FA827E54" box="[159,1281,1085,1107]" gridrow="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED09E8FBB4FE077E54" box="[159,388,1085,1107]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">KML 1102</th>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED08B6FBB4FC017E54" box="[449,898,1085,1107]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Barkley Sound, BC; shallow</td>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED0A82FBB4FA827E54" box="[1013,1281,1085,1107]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">288(311)345</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFFB4D1ED09E8FBEFFA827E7B" box="[159,1281,1126,1148]" gridrow="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED09E8FBEFFE077E7B" box="[159,388,1126,1148]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">KML 1090</th>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED08B6FBEFFC017E7B" box="[449,898,1126,1148]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Thiepval Channel, Barkley Sound, BC; 22m</td>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED0A82FBEFFA827E7B" box="[1013,1281,1126,1148]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">269(318)394</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFFB4D1ED09E8FB19FA827EA1" box="[159,1281,1168,1190]" gridrow="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED09E8FB19FE077EA1" box="[159,388,1168,1190]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">KML 1087</th>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED08B6FB19FC017EA1" box="[449,898,1168,1190]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Diana I, Barkley Sound; BC; 30m</td>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED0A82FB19FA827EA1" box="[1013,1281,1168,1190]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">288(331)365</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFFB4D1ED09E8FB30FA827EC8" box="[159,1281,1209,1231]" gridrow="4" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED09E8FB30FE077EC8" box="[159,388,1209,1231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">KML 1085</th>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED08B6FB30FC017EC8" box="[449,898,1209,1231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Lawn Point, BC: 28m</td>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED0A82FB30FA827EC8" box="[1013,1281,1209,1231]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">211(250)307</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFFB4D1ED09E8FB6BFA827EFF" box="[159,1281,1250,1272]" gridrow="5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED09E8FB6BFE077EFF" box="[159,388,1250,1272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">KML 1084</th>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED08B6FB6BFC017EFF" box="[449,898,1250,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Malcolm Island, BC; 60m</td>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED0A82FB6BFA827EFF" box="[1013,1281,1250,1272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">278(324)355</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFFB4D1ED09E8FA85FA827F25" box="[159,1281,1292,1314]" gridrow="6" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED09E8FA85FE077F25" box="[159,388,1292,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">KML 1080</th>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED08B6FA85FC017F25" box="[449,898,1292,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kodiak, AK; 126m</td>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED0A82FA85FA827F25" box="[1013,1281,1292,1314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">307(336)374</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFFB4D1ED09E8FABCFA827F4C" box="[159,1281,1333,1355]" gridrow="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<th id="76982122FFB4D1ED09E8FABCFE077F4C" box="[159,388,1333,1355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">KML 1080A</th>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED08B6FABCFC017F4C" box="[449,898,1333,1355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kodiak, AL.; 90m</td>
<td id="76982122FFB4D1ED0A82FABCFA827F4C" box="[1013,1281,1333,1355]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">269(308)336</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3631997FFB42E2C09B0FA05FCB0795B" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09B0FA05FD4E7C5F" blockId="61.[151,1437,1420,2021]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F09B0FA05FEB87FA2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1420,1445]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB42E2F0831FA05FE697FA2" author="Lambe" box="[326,490,1420,1445]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1895) Sponges from the western coast of North America. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1894, XII (4), 113 - 138, pls. II - IV." type="journal article" year="1895">Lambe (1895)</bibRefCitation>
commented that his rationale (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB42E2F0A2AFA05FB837FA2" author="Lambe" box="[861,1024,1420,1445]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1893 b) Sponges from the Pacific coast of Canada. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1893, XI (4), 25 - 43, pls. II - IV." type="journal article" year="1893" yearSuffix="b">Lambe 1893b</bibRefCitation>
) for considering
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB42E2F0DB9FA04FAA67FA2" box="[1230,1317,1420,1445]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F0DB9FA04FAA67FA2" box="[1230,1317,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a distinct species was based on the absence of centrotylote strongyles. He subsequently found one or two of these spicules in some of the specimens he had named
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB42E2F0B2CFA5CFD327FEA" box="[603,689,1492,1517]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F0B2CFA5CFD327FEA" box="[603,689,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He concluded that
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB42E2F0AD4FA5CFC7A7FEA" box="[931,1017,1492,1517]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F0AD4FA5CFC7A7FEA" box="[931,1017,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was, therefore, not distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB42E2F0CF0FA5CFE3E7C17" authority="Montagu, 1818" authorityName="Montagu" authorityYear="1818" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Choanites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="suberea">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F0CF0FA5CFF6C7C17" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. suberea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB42E2F0877FA71FE377C17" author="Montagu" box="[256,436,1528,1552]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Montagu, G. (1818) An essay on sponges, with descriptions of all the species that have been discovered on the coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122, pls. III - XVI." type="journal article" year="1818">Montagu, 1818</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. De
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB42E2F0881FA7EFD447C17" author="Laubenfels" box="[502,711,1527,1552]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, Article 4, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels (1932)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that the tylostyles of Lambes specimens were on average longer (294524 µm) than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB42E2F0BEDF994FC567C33" authority="Montagu 1818" authorityName="Montagu" authorityYear="1818" box="[666,981,1564,1589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Choanites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="suberea">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F0BEDF994FC927C32" box="[666,785,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. suberea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB42E2F0A54F995FC4E7C33" author="Montagu" box="[803,973,1564,1588]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Montagu, G. (1818) An essay on sponges, with descriptions of all the species that have been discovered on the coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122, pls. III - XVI." type="journal article" year="1818">Montagu 1818</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in British seas, and recommended that
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB42E2F09E0F9B6FE127C5F" box="[151,401,1599,1624]" class="Demospongiae" family="Stylocordylidae" genus="Ficulina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="suberea" subSpecies="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F09E0F9B6FE127C5F" box="[151,401,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ficulina suberea latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
be retained as a subspecies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09B0F9EDFE8C7D0A" blockId="61.[151,1437,1420,2021]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB42E2F09B0F9EDFEFA7C7A" author="Lambe" box="[199,377,1636,1661]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1893 b) Sponges from the Pacific coast of Canada. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1893, XI (4), 25 - 43, pls. II - IV." type="journal article" year="1893" yearSuffix="b">Lambe (1893b)</bibRefCitation>
stated that his specimens included two size classes of tylostyles; the larger ranging from 294524 µm
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB42E2F085BF901FEDF7CA7" box="[300,348,1672,1696]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="2013-10">x 13</date>
µm, and the smaller averaging 170 µm
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB42E2F0A60F901FCB97CA7" box="[791,826,1672,1696]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">x 9</date>
µm. The larger tylostyles are about 1/3 longer than the longest in specimens examined by us (
<tableCitation id="C6FB7FA7FFB42E2F0B3EF925FD2D7CC3" box="[585,686,1708,1733]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="61.[151,239,961,984]" captionTargetBox="[159,1281,1044,1355]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="TABLE 13. Range and maximum size of large tylostyles of Suberites latus Lambe, 1893, from a variety of locations from southern BC to Kodiak Alaska." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF">Table 13</tableCitation>
). Lambes specimens came from localities off northern Vancouver I. and the adjacent mainland. Five of the specimens in
<tableCitation id="C6FB7FA7FFB42E2F0A76F946FCE17CEF" box="[769,866,1743,1768]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="61.[151,239,961,984]" captionTargetBox="[159,1281,1044,1355]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="TABLE 13. Range and maximum size of large tylostyles of Suberites latus Lambe, 1893, from a variety of locations from southern BC to Kodiak Alaska." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF">Table 13</tableCitation>
came from
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB42E2F0A9CF959FB017CEF" box="[1003,1154,1743,1768]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="km" value="110.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 200 km</quantity>
of the localities reported by Lambe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09B0F891FEA97D7F" blockId="61.[151,1437,1420,2021]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
In 1895 Lambe reported on
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FFB42E2F0889F89EFD157D37" box="[510,662,1815,1840]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="generic">60 specimens</specimenCount>
from Alaska. He stated that the maximum length of the tylostyles for these was 406 µm. This size is much closer to those we provide in
<tableCitation id="C6FB7FA7FFB42E2F0AE8F8B5FB817D53" box="[927,1026,1852,1877]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="61.[151,239,961,984]" captionTargetBox="[159,1281,1044,1355]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="TABLE 13. Range and maximum size of large tylostyles of Suberites latus Lambe, 1893, from a variety of locations from southern BC to Kodiak Alaska." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="DF061A94FFB42E2F09E0FC48FDA379FF">Table 13</tableCitation>
which also includes two specimens from Alaska.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB42E2F09B0F80CFBF57DE2" blockId="61.[151,1437,1420,2021]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
De
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB42E2F0985F80DFE417D9A" author="Laubenfels" box="[242,450,1924,1949]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1961) Porifera of Friday Harbor and vicinity. Pacific Science, 15, 192 - 202." type="journal article" year="1961">Laubenfels (1961)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB42E2F0B43F80DFC847D9A" box="[564,775,1924,1949]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Choanites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="suberea">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F0B43F80DFC847D9A" box="[564,775,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Choanites suberea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB42E2F0A66F80CFCF37D9A" box="[785,880,1924,1949]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="variety" variety="lata">
var.
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB42E2F0A33F80DFCF37D9A" box="[836,880,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">lata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as common and frequently occurring on hermit crab shells in the vicinity of Friday Harbor, Washington. He reported tylostyles ranging from 5 µm x 280 Μm to 6 µm x 180 µm (a misprint for 380 or 480?) and centrotylote microstrongyles 24 µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB72E2C09B0FF11FC707AF0" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
We compared our specimens with those reported from central and southern California. De
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C0DBAFF1EFA1F7AB7" author="Laubenfels" box="[1229,1436,151,176]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, Article 4, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels (1932)</bibRefCitation>
gave spicule measurements for two specimens from central and southern California as 70 µm
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB72E2C0DCDFF34FB5E7AD2" box="[1210,1245,188,213]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">x 5</date>
µm to 590 µm
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB72E2C0CF9FF34FF307AFF" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="2012-10">x 12</date>
µm. He does not state whether hermit crabs or their cavities were present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB72E2C09B0FE8DFC857BAA" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C09B0FE8DFE4D7B1B" author="Bakus" box="[199,462,260,285]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Bakus, G. J. &amp; Green, K. D. (1987) The distribution of marine sponges collected from the 1976 - 1978 Bureau of Land Management Southern California Bight Program. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 86 (2), 57 - 88." type="journal article" year="1987">Bakus &amp; Green (1987)</bibRefCitation>
described a sponge from
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB72E2C0B8CFE8DFCC67B1B" box="[763,837,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="183.0">183 m</quantity>
off Pt. Conception, California. It was growing on a gastropod shell. It had two classes of tylostyles 190(424)680 µm
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB72E2C0AD9FEA1FC577B47" box="[942,980,296,320]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">x 7</date>
(09)11 µm and 120(413)657 µm
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB72E2C0CF9FEA1FF237B63" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">x 1</date>
(3)4 µm and centrotylote strongyles 20(30)48 µm by 1(2)2.5 µm. They considered it as a member of
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0CF0FEC4FF4F7B8F" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0CF0FEC4FF4F7B8F" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The mean and maximum length of the tylostyles are 30% and 75% greater than the maximum mean and maximum longest lengths we measured in BC material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB72E2C09B0FE31FBA9783B" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C09B0FE31FE027BD7" box="[199,385,439,464]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Lee, W., Elvin, D. W. &amp; Reiswig, H. M. (2007) The sponges of California. A guide and key to the marine sponges of California. Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation, Monterey, CA, 130 &amp; 265 pp." type="book">
Lee
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C098FFE30FEB37BD7" box="[248,304,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C088FFE3EFD1F7BD7" box="[504,668,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C088FFE3EFD1F7BD7" box="[504,668,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Suberites latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from southern to northern California as subtidal and often associated with a hermit crab or mollusk shell. The tylostyle range was from 90(197321)680 µm x 2.55.1(8.6)12 µm. Centrotylote strongyles were rare. They ranged from 12.3(21.228.5)56 µm. The maximum length of the tylostyles was again 75% longer (680 µm) than the longest found by us (394 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB72E2C09B0FDC1FCB0795B" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
De
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C0984FDCEFE467867" author="Laubenfels" box="[243,453,583,608]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1935) Some sponges of lower California (Mexico). American Museum Novitates 779, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1935">Laubenfels (1935)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0B30FDCEFC877867" box="[583,772,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mineri">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0B30FDCEFC877867" box="[583,772,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Suberites mineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the surveys of the
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0D47FDCEFB197867" box="[1072,1178,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Albatross</emphasis>
during 1911 off Baja California. No data were recorded on precise locality or depth, and while the
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0D7EFDE5FBF77882" box="[1033,1140,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Albatross</emphasis>
was working off the Baja California coast, stations ranged from the intertidal to depths of
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB72E2C0A17FD19FC3678A0" box="[864,949,656,680]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
(Anon. 1921). According to de Laubenfels, microstrongyles were abundant, ranging from 1836 µm in length, but tylostyles were of one kind only, averaging 340 µm by 10 µm. He found no small cortical tylostyles which would preclude the species from membership in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C09A8FD75FEC47912" box="[223,327,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C09A8FD75FEC47912" box="[223,327,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Suberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined by van
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C0B6AFD75FD287913" author="Soest" box="[541,683,764,788]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van. (2002) Family Suberitidae, Schmidt. 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 227 - 244." type="book chapter" year="2002">Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
in the Systema Porifera. One of our reviewers commented that the species was common on the flat bottoms of the Mexican Pacific area; but if its spicule complement is as described by de Laubenfels, it is not closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0BF0FCCDFCAF795A" box="[647,812,836,861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0BF0FCCDFCAF795A" box="[647,812,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Suberites latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3631997FFB72E2C09B0FCE1FA847C57" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB72E2C09B0FCE1FC0D7EA7" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Is
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0994FCE1FEB57987" box="[227,310,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0994FCE1FEB57987" box="[227,310,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a distinct species, or a subspecies of a cosmopolitan
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0AEFFCE1FBA87987" authority="The" authorityName="The" box="[920,1067,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0AEFFCE1FC697987" box="[920,1002,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ficus</emphasis>
? The
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFFB72E2C0D44FCE1FBED7987" box="[1075,1134,872,896]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">types</typeStatus>
and size range of spicules given by van
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C0837FC05FE5779A3" author="Soest" box="[320,468,908,932]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van. (2002) Family Suberitidae, Schmidt. 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 227 - 244." type="book chapter" year="2002">Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0B79FC04FDE679A3" box="[526,613,908,932]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0B79FC04FDE679A3" box="[526,613,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(small tylostyles 100250 µm, large tylostyles 350500
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB72E2C0C78FC04FAE179A2" box="[1295,1378,908,933]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="2010-10-05">x 510</date>
µm, centrotylote microstrongyles 1550 µm) approximate those in
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0A06FC39FC4B79CF" box="[881,968,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0A06FC39FC4B79CF" box="[881,968,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the NE Pacific. Van
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C0C7EFC39FA1F79CF" author="Soest" box="[1289,1436,944,968]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van. (2002) Family Suberitidae, Schmidt. 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 227 - 244." type="book chapter" year="2002">Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
further observed that the large tylostyles of
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0BE3FC5CFD6B79EB" box="[660,744,980,1004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0BE3FC5CFD6B79EB" box="[660,744,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in a wide size range. This is comparable to the wide variation in maximum size reported above by various authors for
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0A18FC71FC427E17" box="[879,961,1015,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0A18FC71FC427E17" box="[879,961,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C0AB9FC7EFA8B7E17" author="Sole-Cava" box="[974,1288,1015,1040]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Sole-Cava, A. M. &amp; Thorpe, J. P. (1986) Genetic differentiation between morphotypes of the marine sponge Suberites ficus (Demospongiae: Hadromerida). Marine Biology, 93, 247 - 253. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00508262" type="journal article" year="1986">Solé-Cava &amp; Thorpe (1986)</bibRefCitation>
reported that three morphotypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C08E4FB94FE657E33" box="[403,486,1052,1076]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C08E4FB94FE657E33" box="[403,486,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Irish Sea had spicule
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFFB72E2C0A38FB94FC097E32" box="[847,906,1053,1077]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">types</typeStatus>
and mean sizes which were indistinguishable. However, they had significant genetic differences which, since they were sympatric, indicated genetic isolation. They concluded that the morphotypes represent three separate species within a
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0D64FBECFBE77E7B" box="[1043,1124,1124,1148]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0D64FBECFBE77E7B" box="[1043,1124,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. Van
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C0C7AFBEDFA1F7E7B" author="Soest" box="[1293,1436,1124,1148]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van. (2002) Family Suberitidae, Schmidt. 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 227 - 244." type="book chapter" year="2002">Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
agreed that
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C086EFB01FEE97EA7" box="[281,362,1160,1184]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C086EFB01FEE97EA7" box="[281,362,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very likely to be a complex of sibling species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB72E2C09B0FB25FB4F7F52" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C09B0FB25FEDC7EC2" bold="true" box="[199,351,1196,1221]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Conclusions.</emphasis>
Van
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C08E8FB25FDFB7EC3" box="[415,632,1196,1221]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Vacelet, J., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M. (2012) World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera. (accessed 1 November 2012)" type="journal article">
Soest
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0891FB24FDA07EC2" box="[486,547,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
consider
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0B9BFB24FCC27EC2" box="[748,833,1196,1221]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0B9BFB24FCC27EC2" box="[748,833,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a valid species separate from
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0D99FB24FAC07EC3" box="[1262,1347,1196,1220]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0D99FB24FAC07EC3" box="[1262,1347,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(World Porifera Database, consulted
<date id="FFC76CDCFFB72E2C0897FB46FD197EEF" box="[480,666,1231,1256]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="2012-11">November 2012</date>
). We concur and suggest that all sponges with hermit crabs, two size classes of tylostyles and centrotylote strongyles from southern California to Alaska are members of a
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0C32FB7CFA187F0A" box="[1349,1435,1268,1293]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0C32FB7CFA187F0A" box="[1349,1435,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex. The two
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C08B2FA9EFDEF7F37" box="[453,620,1303,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C08B2FA9EFDEF7F37" box="[453,620,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Suberites latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations from southern to central California, and BC to Alaska may represent sibling species. This species complex would be a good candidate for DNA bar coding.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB72E2C09B0FAD6FDE67F7F" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1617]" box="[199,613,1375,1400]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C09B0FAD6FE2D7F7F" bold="true" box="[199,430,1375,1400]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FFB72E2C08C2FAD6FD9A7F7F" box="[437,537,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" metricValueMax="18.3" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="94.5" valueMax="183.0" valueMin="6.0">6183 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB72E2C09B0FA0DFAA47F9A" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1617]" box="[199,1319,1412,1437]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C09B0FA0DFE6C7F9A" bold="true" box="[199,495,1412,1437]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
Southern California to the Bering Sea (Alaska,
<collectingCountry id="F36E0A8CFFB72E2C0D7FFA0DFBC17F9B" box="[1032,1090,1412,1436]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
) and possibly north.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFFB72E2C09B0FA2EFA847C57" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C09B0FA2EFEA87FC7" bold="true" box="[199,299,1447,1472]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ecology.</emphasis>
The association of
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0B63FA2EFD3D7FC7" box="[532,702,1447,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0B63FA2EFD3D7FC7" box="[532,702,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Suberites latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFFB72E2C0A72FA20FC5A7FC7" ID-CoL="6cf279c5-1efe-4510-9b68-ae04e13d8fb7" box="[773,985,1449,1472]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paguridae" genus="Pagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stevensae">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFFB72E2C0A72FA20FC5A7FC7" box="[773,985,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pagurus stevensae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provides the hermit crab with a home which can be enlarged as it grows. The mobile sponge can range beyond rock substrate onto soft or unconsolidated sediment. The styloid ends of those tylostyles ending at the hermit crab canal may be responsible for the slippery surface which could aid the rapid retreat of the hermit crab from predators. The gastropod shell on which the sponge initially settled has disappeared in larger sponges (de
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFFB72E2C0A32F9BEFB837C57" author="Laubenfels" box="[837,1024,1591,1616]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1961) Porifera of Friday Harbor and vicinity. Pacific Science, 15, 192 - 202." type="journal article" year="1961">Laubenfels 1961</bibRefCitation>
and pers. observation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>