718 lines
89 KiB
XML
718 lines
89 KiB
XML
<document id="1D97493E4FA034D818B8B7283A37D8B7" ID-CLB-Dataset="36829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3823.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdc3964e-ebf3-491e-b10c-9ad6592cb0f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286373" ID-ZooBank="0D42FA17-3B11-4DBB-9E48-D7D505F9CE29" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460443345149" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Austin, William C., Ott, Bruce S., Reiswig, Henry M., Romagosa, Paula & G, Neil" docDate="2014" docId="03D0FB0AFF9E2E0909E0F8EEFEA67E33" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03823p084.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3823 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Polymastia pachymastia" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFE98372FF892E120977FF89FF837A07" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698333174097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="0466A2692D292D812E8EFB5940C077BA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DE6CFF671058995CBD9B37C814C9BAE7">
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<mods:title id="14BECE686B0B9D7F1D102E167CFFFA67">Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="51644DA48855D78A8F4802651F4220DA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="43268B1039622F863EBD60FB40312A93">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="742F23154C92B5D8FEEBCB0C32731E40">Austin, William C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="475F86B3D522A9DD6A2D1235C27474BD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1A01BE963FC9324144416CC425B83738">Ott, Bruce S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CFE6F1B64F51B18DB06EBD9D7A5DBA67" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D4C50EEF8FBF1EBCBFADADA40CE6894D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FDD4E536E53A9C2569EC9C4D525B339C">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3792F71D5E906186B05C13CE290ABA9A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B7E3DB9115FFA0EF9E4E0612B20D1881">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3D1FA3CE4971B14FB079A9F28428B888">Romagosa, Paula</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="26ECA2CBEDCE68040755B73E8EB4243D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F9EACC1437D956FB20DC1B0AC3807001">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FBF1376745AD18D643EBC1D5F2AE9C32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="58492FD3F8A27F4FD0E5BC71BB71516C">G, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2689A24B9392666CC6F62E761733133A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="04C5B86B2F54D7D89655612C7E5D8886">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5AD9E9C9D2688C49883645D7E88B3BDB">
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<mods:date id="0C983D70DD736282266DD3C52A7DC373">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="67652CDC1B22DCE3953D972799E38EEA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="142A287AA80B9E26DCCE1D5A97306870">3823</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7480E65C31CE6EEEC769D50A60795A86" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="0992793EAEBDC0D224178CE8FCA07DF7">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E4564707B8D12E69D0C1889524C3A1FE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C447F9FE45BD1F597124F646080146F0" type="CLB-Dataset">36829</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2C6538CFDC8A17EA6CC13649B8DFB6BF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3823.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6C78B4AFC96199876C8A79B51DCFF1B5" type="GBIF-Dataset">cdc3964e-ebf3-491e-b10c-9ad6592cb0f0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D8B900B27A42EFF1DAE854670244359C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D0FB0AFF9E2E0909E0F8EEFEA67E33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6132532" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6132532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0FB0AFF9E2E0909E0F8EEFEA67E33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0FB0AFF9E2E0909E0F8EEFEA67E33" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<subSubSection id="C3631997FF9E2E0509E0F8EEFE867DA5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9E2E0509E0F8EEFD387D86" blockId="23.[151,699,1895,1955]" box="[151,699,1895,1921]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D08EFD70FF9E2E0509E0F8EEFD387D86" bold="true" box="[151,699,1895,1921]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9E2E0509E0F8EEFD387D86" bold="true" box="[151,699,1895,1921]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9E2E0509E0F8EEFE3F7D86" box="[151,444,1895,1921]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
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||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9E2E0509E0F8EEFE3F7D86" bold="true" box="[151,444,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Polymastia pachymastia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
de
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF9E2E050890F8EEFD387D86" author="Laubenfels" box="[487,699,1895,1921]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, Article 4, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9E2E0509E0F803FE867DA5" blockId="23.[151,699,1895,1955]" box="[151,261,1930,1955]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF9E2E0509E0F803FF557DA5" box="[151,214,1930,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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||
A–J
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3631997FF9E2E0A09E0F85BFC2279CF" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9E2E0A09E0F85BFC8F7AD2" blockId="23.[151,601,2002,2024]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9E2E0509E0F85BFEE27DEF" box="[151,353,2002,2024]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pacifica">
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||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9E2E0509E0F85BFEE27DEF" box="[151,353,2002,2024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Polymastia pacifica</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF9E2E0508F5F85BFDDA7DEF" author="Green" box="[386,601,2002,2024]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Green, K. D. & Bakus, G. J. (1994) Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 2. The Porifera. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA, 82 pp." type="book" year="1994">Green & Bakus 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF912E0A09E0FF1EFE017AB7" bold="true" box="[151,386,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF912E0A08FBFF1EFE7A7AB7" box="[396,505,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0B71FF11FDD47AB7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[518,599,152,176]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
22062, Point Lobos, Carmel, central California, (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0D83FF1EFADF7AB7" box="[1268,1372,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="36.516666">36º 31′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0C1DFF11FF547AD2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-121.95">121º 57′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), littoral,
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||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0834FF35FE547AD3" box="[323,471,188,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1930-07-12">Jul. 12, 1930</date>
|
||
, coll. M. W. de Laubenfels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF912E0A09B0FF56FADE78F7" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Other material: KML 1021, KML sta. 56/70, Wizard I., Barkley Sd.,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0A93FF69FB8F7AFF" box="[996,1036,224,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0D56FF69FB1C7AFF" box="[1057,1183,223,248]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="48.86">48º 51.6′N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0DDBFF56FABD7AFF" box="[1196,1342,223,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="-125.15667">125º 09.4′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
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||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0C24FF69FA1F7AF0" box="[1363,1436,224,248]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 m</quantity>
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||
depth,
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<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0993FE8CFE057B1B" box="[228,390,260,284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1970-03-20">Mar. 20, 1970</date>
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||
, coll. W.C. Austin;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0B11FE8DFD377B1B" box="[614,692,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/id83-mwhv" name="Buffalo Museum of Science" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BMSC</collectionCode>
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||
429, KML sta. 3/72, Dixon I, Barkley Sd.,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0DD2FE8DFB4E7B1B" box="[1189,1229,260,284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0D96FE8DFADE7B1A" box="[1249,1373,260,285]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="48.853333">48º 51.2′N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0C1DFE8DFF6F7B47" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="-125.12">125º 07.2′W</geoCoordinate>
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||
),
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||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0877FEA1FEA87B38" box="[256,299,296,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
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||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0809FEAEFE6A7B47" box="[382,489,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1972-07">Jul. 1972</date>
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||
, coll. W.C. Austin; KML 1022, KML sta. 252/76, Mills Peninsula, Barkley Sd.,
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<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0C07FEA1FA1B7B47" box="[1392,1432,296,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A09E8FEC5FE8A7B62" box="[159,265,332,357]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="48.816666">48º 49′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0860FEC5FE297B62" box="[279,426,332,357]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="-125.16333">125º 09.8′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A08B6FEC5FE7D7B63" box="[449,510,332,356]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0B2FFEC4FD717B62" box="[600,754,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1976-11-03">Nov. 3, 1976</date>
|
||
, coll. W.C. Austin; KML 1023, KML sta.174/76, Houston Stewart Channel, Haida Gwaii,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0B76FEF9FDAA7B8F" box="[513,553,368,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0B49FEE6FD387B8F" box="[574,699,367,392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="52.158333">52º 09.5′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0BBFFEF9FCDA7B8F" box="[712,857,367,392]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="-131.09334">131º 05.6′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0A19FEF9FC507B80" box="[878,979,368,392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20–24 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0D5DFEF9FB417B8F" box="[1066,1218,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1976-08-03">Aug. 3, 1976</date>
|
||
, coll. W.C. Austin;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A09E0FE1DFF6B7BAB" box="[151,232,404,428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
0 0 0 167, Garapata Canyon, Monterey County, CA., (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0AD7FE1DFB857BAA" box="[928,1030,404,429]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="36.45">36º 27′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0D64FE1DFB0D7BAA" box="[1043,1166,404,429]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-121.916664">121º 55′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), no depth or collection date, coll. D. Elvin/W. Lee; KML 1024, KML sta. 577/77, Beaver Pt., Saltspring I.,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0D37FE31FBEB7BD7" box="[1088,1128,440,464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0D0CFE31FB757BD7" box="[1147,1270,439,464]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="48.768333">48º 46.1′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0C76FE31FA137BD7" box="[1281,1424,439,464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="-123.375">123º 22.5′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), no depth,
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||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0871FE54FE237BF3" box="[262,416,476,500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1977-06-23">Jun. 23, 1977</date>
|
||
, coll. W.C. Austin;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0B0AFE55FD3E7BF3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" box="[637,701,476,500]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CMN</collectionCode>
|
||
off Amchitka, Alaska, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0ABCFE55FBC57BF2" box="[971,1094,476,501]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="51.321667">51º 19.3′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0D26FE55FB627BF2" box="[1105,1249,476,501]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="-178.91667">178º 55.0′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), no depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0C13FE55FF73781F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1969-09-05">Sept. 5, 1969</date>
|
||
, coll. unknown;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A08C6FD89FE72781F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" box="[433,497,512,536]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CMN</collectionCode>
|
||
off Rifle Range Point, Amchitka, Alaska, no coordinates or depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0D8AFD89FA1B781F" box="[1277,1432,511,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1969-09-04">Sept. 4, 1969</date>
|
||
, coll. C. O’Clair;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0822FDADFE16783B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" box="[341,405,548,572]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CMN</collectionCode>
|
||
St. Makarine Bay, Amchitka, Alaska,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0A3FFDADFC6D783A" box="[840,1006,548,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1969-09-17">Sept. 17, 1969</date>
|
||
, coll. C. O’Clair;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0DCFFDADFB7B783B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" box="[1208,1272,548,572]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CMN</collectionCode>
|
||
off Amchitka, Alaska, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A098AFDCEFEF97867" box="[253,378,583,608]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="51.423332">51º 25.4′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A08F0FDC1FD8C7867" box="[391,527,583,608]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="179.275">179º 16.5′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), no depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0BE0FDC1FCAB7867" box="[663,808,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1969-10-08">Oct. 8, 1969</date>
|
||
, coll. C. O’Clair;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0A8EFDC1FBC97867" box="[1017,1098,584,608]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">RBCM</collectionCode>
|
||
977-156-2, Hope I,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0C41FDC1FADD7867" box="[1334,1374,584,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0C03FDCEFF667882" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="50.905">50° 54.3′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0985FDE5FE057882" box="[242,390,620,645]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="-129.93834">129° 56.3′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A08EDFDE5FE697883" box="[410,490,620,644]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="24.4">24.4 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0B37FDE5FD547883" box="[576,727,620,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1977-07-18">Jul. 18, 1977</date>
|
||
, coll. P. Lambert;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0ADFFDE5FC7A7883" box="[936,1017,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">RBCM</collectionCode>
|
||
980-340-2, Coal Hbr, Holberg Inlet,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A09E0FD19FF3C78AF" box="[151,191,656,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A09A3FD06FEBD78AF" box="[212,318,655,680]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="50.583332">50° 35′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A083BFD19FE5C78AF" box="[332,479,655,680]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="-127.57667">127° 34.6′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0B16FD19FD1F78A0" box="[609,668,656,680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0B85FD06FC0078AF" box="[754,899,655,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1980-07-03">July 3, 1980</date>
|
||
, coll. P. Lambert;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0D21FD19FB2478AF" box="[1110,1191,656,680]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">RBCM</collectionCode>
|
||
980-342-4, Shapland Cover,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A099DFD3DFE9178CB" box="[234,274,692,716]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A085FFD3DFE2578CA" box="[296,422,692,717]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="50.491665">50° 29.5′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A08C3FD3DFDD378CB" box="[436,592,692,717]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="92" value="-127.791664">127° 47.5′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0BA5FD3DFC8E78CB" box="[722,781,692,717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0A14FD3DFC7778CB" box="[867,1012,692,717]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1980-07-04">July 4, 1980</date>
|
||
, coll. P. Lambert;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0DB0FD3DFA9B78CB" box="[1223,1304,692,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">RBCM</collectionCode>
|
||
999-213-8, Moresby I., Haida Gwaii,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A08CBFD51FE6778F7" box="[444,484,728,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A088FFD5EFDF778F7" box="[504,628,727,752]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="9" value="52.140835">52° 8.45′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0BF7FD51FC9178F7" box="[640,786,727,752]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="9" value="-131.1345">131° 8.07′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0A52FD5EFC3178E8" box="[805,946,727,752]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.965" metricValueMax="5.22" metricValueMin="4.71" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="49.65" valueMax="52.2" valueMin="47.1">47.1–52.2 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0D72FD5EFB1A78F7" box="[1029,1177,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1999-07-18">Jul. 18, 1999</date>
|
||
, coll. P. Lambert.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF912E0A09B0FD75FC2279CF" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Field Images: Koskimo I., Quatsino Sd.,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0BE2FD75FD3E7913" box="[661,701,764,788]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0A58FD75FC177912" box="[815,916,764,789]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="50.45">50º 27′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0AD7FD75FB987912" box="[928,1051,764,789]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-127.88333">127º 53′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0D59FD75FBEB7913" box="[1070,1128,764,788]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0DCBFD75FAD27912" box="[1212,1361,764,789]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1975-07-30">Jul. 30, 1975</date>
|
||
, photo N. McDaniel; near Entrance I., Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E0A8CFF912E0A0B21FC96FD30793F" box="[598,691,799,824]" name="Georgia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0BCAFCA9FD66793F" box="[701,741,800,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0A22FCA9FC3A793F" box="[853,953,799,824]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="49.2">49º 12′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0AB3FCA9FBBD793F" box="[964,1086,799,824]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-123.8">123º 48′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), no depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0DC8FC96FAD2793F" box="[1215,1361,799,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1973-07-14">Jul. 14, 1973</date>
|
||
, photo N. McDaniel; Raza Passage, Kinghorn I.,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0B1AFCCDFD16795B" box="[621,661,836,860]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0A72FCCDFCEA795A" box="[773,873,836,861]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="50.3">50º 18′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0A03FCCDFC6C795A" box="[884,1007,836,861]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-125.0">125º 00′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0D76FCCDFBB9795B" box="[1025,1082,836,861]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF912E0A0DFAFCCDFAAC795A" box="[1165,1327,836,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1976-08-12">Aug. 12, 1976</date>
|
||
, photo N. McDaniel; Vivian I.,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A08FAFCE1FE367987" box="[397,437,872,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0B5CFCE1FD107987" box="[555,659,871,896]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="49.833332">49º 50′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0BD7FCE1FC9E7987" box="[672,797,871,896]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-124.7">124º 42′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), no depth or date, photo N. McDaniel; Chrow Islands, Barkley Sd.,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A085AFC05FED679A3" box="[301,341,908,932]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A08BDFC05FDB279A2" box="[458,561,908,933]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="48.916668">48º 55′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A0B49FC05FD3879A2" box="[574,699,908,933]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-125.48333">125º 29′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), no depth or date, photo N. McDaniel; Discovery Passage,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF912E0A0C07FC05FA1B79A3" box="[1392,1432,908,932]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BC</collectionCode>
|
||
, (approx. 50º N,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF912E0A083DFC26FE4079CF" box="[330,451,943,968]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-125.183334">125º 11′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), no depth or date, 4 photos, N. McDaniel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3631997FF912E0B09B0FC5DFCF37DB8" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF912E0A09B0FC5DFBCC7EC2" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF912E0A09B0FC5DFEDA79EA" bold="true" box="[199,345,980,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF912E0A0814FC5CFDE379EB" box="[355,608,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Macroscopic features.</emphasis>
|
||
Form massive with digitate fistulae projecting up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0DA6FC5DFA8F79EB" box="[1233,1292,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
above main body of sponge (preserved). Basal diameter of fistulae
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0A72FC71FCD87E08" box="[773,859,1016,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
, but smaller diameters occur in smaller specimens. NE Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF912E0A0860FB95FDAA7E32" box="[279,553,1052,1077]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF912E0A0860FB95FDAA7E32" box="[279,553,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Polymastia pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can reach up to a meter in diameter and
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0A9CFB95FBA17E33" box="[1003,1058,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
thickness based on specimens we have examined and/or photographed. Fistulae open and elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF912E0A0AF1FBB6FC4A7E5F" box="[902,969,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A) or contracted and closed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF912E0A0C6FFBB6FADF7E5F" box="[1304,1372,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B). A single apical osculum on many fistulae. Ostia not observed. Fistulae soft with smooth surface, while main body tough, wood-like and coarsely hispid. Fistular colour ranging from white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF912E0A0AA5FB0EFB907EA7" box="[978,1043,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B) to yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF912E0A0DA6FB0EFA917EA7" box="[1233,1298,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D), while main body consistently brown from adhering sediment or covered by coralline algae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF912E0A09B0FB58FF587C9F" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF912E0A09B0FB58FE427EEF" box="[199,449,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Microscopic features,</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF912E0A08A7FB46FD997EEF" box="[464,538,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E. Ectosome of body forming cortical layer approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0D87FB46FACD7EEF" box="[1264,1358,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, continuous with ectosome of fistulae, where cortex thinner (
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0A32FB7DFC507F0B" box="[837,979,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5 to 1 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick). Cortex packed with tylostyles at right angles to surface, apices outward and forming palisade. Mesh of spicules tangential to surface in lower ectosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF912E0A0866FAB5FED77F53" box="[273,340,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E, portion visable mid-right). Large styles penetrate body surface, projecting>
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0DA2FAB5FA957F53" box="[1237,1302,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, apices out. Within body large tylostyles interspersed with small tylostyles, while in fistulae small tylostyles occasionally forming brushes and fewer large tylostyles echinating fistular surface. Palisade of both intermediate and small spicules (tylostyles II and III), rather than only distinctly small tylostyles; large, thin styles penetrating the surface irregularly, extending past surface as far as
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF912E0A0BD5FA45FD6B7FE3" box="[674,744,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF912E0A0B8AFA45FCC07FE3" box="[765,835,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E, top right). Fistulae macroscopically smooth, but microhispid with large tylostyles, apices out, extending up to 100 Μm beyond surface. Choanosome: skeleton composed of radiating, closely packed multispicular tracts of large spicules. Tylostyles II, together with styles I, form the ascending multispicular tracts in the choanosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF912E0A0A4BF9BEFCFD7C57" box="[828,894,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E, bottom), 200–800 Μm diameter ascending to, penetrating, and supporting cortical layer of ectosome. Smaller tylostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF912E0A0AA2F9D5FB9C7C73" box="[981,1055,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
G, H, J) scattered among principal tracts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF912E0A09B0F92DFDB07DDA" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF912E0A09B0F92DFEAF7CBA" box="[199,300,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule complement includes two size classes of styles and three classes of tylostyles. Styles I are sometimes very slightly subtylote. Styles II are very long, straight and thin and echinate the main sponge body; tylostyles I are short, stout, fusiform; some with subterminal heads, some polytylote and are abundant in cortex and choanosome; tylostyles II are long, fusiform, some with subterminal heads, some polytylote and are abundant and in same locations as tylostyles I; tylostyles III are small, thin straight, some with subterminal heads, and are abundant. Length and width ranges may overlap in Tylostyles I and II in some specimens and Tylostyles I and II may be just one highly variable spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF912E0A0B2FF8F4FD0F7D92" box="[600,652,1917,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FB7FA7FF912E0A0BE0F8F5FD697D92" box="[663,746,1916,1941]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932, Spicule Size Range Comparison. N = 25, or specified." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
lists spicule measurements from five specimens, and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FB7FA7FF912E0A0C3EF8F5FA1F7D92" box="[1353,1436,1916,1941]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,1533,1556]" captionTargetBox="[159,1247,202,1464]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 6. Percent of Tylostyle Types in the Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932, Ectosome." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF061A94FF902E0B09E0FA74FB5A7C13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="DF061A94FF902E0B09E0FA74FB5A7C13">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
lists the relative percentages of the three tylostyle
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF912E0A0BBDF828FC867DBE" box="[714,773,1953,1977]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in the ectosome of four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF912E0A0D6FF828FB427DBE" box="[1048,1217,1952,1977]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF912E0A0D6FF828FB427DBE" box="[1048,1217,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens plus the USNM
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF912E0A0998F84CFE9C7DDA" box="[239,287,1989,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen we examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF061A94FF902E0B09E0FF11FAB47AA8" box="[151,1335,152,175]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF902E0B09E0FF11FAB47AA8" blockId="25.[151,1335,152,175]" box="[151,1335,152,175]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF902E0B09E0FF11FE897AA8" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF902E0B0867FF11FD957AA8" box="[272,534,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF902E0B0867FF11FD957AA8" box="[272,534,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Polymastia pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Laubenfels, 1932, Spicule Size Range Comparison. N=25, or specified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF902E0B09E8FF43FB3A7FBF" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<table id="F979B8BCFF90D1ED09E8FF43FB5C7FBF" box="[159,1247,202,1464]" colsContinueIn="30.[159,1276,1285,1431]" gridcols="4" gridrows="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FF43FB5C7AE7" box="[159,1247,202,224]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FF43FEDB7AE7" box="[159,344,202,224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Spicule Type</th>
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED0B62FF43FDC87AE7" box="[533,587,202,224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig.</th>
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFF43FC637AE7" box="[697,992,202,224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Length</th>
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FF43FB5C7AE7" box="[1071,1247,202,224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Width</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FF7DFB5C7B0D" box="[159,1247,244,266]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FF7DFEDB7B0D" box="[159,344,244,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">BMSC 429</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFF7DFC637B0D" box="[697,992,244,266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Dixon Island, Barkley Sound</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FE94FB5C7B34" box="[159,1247,285,307]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FE94FEDB7B34" box="[159,344,285,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0B62FE94FDC87B34" box="[533,587,285,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8F, I</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFE94FC637B34" box="[697,992,285,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">960–(1425)–2646</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FE94FB5C7B34" box="[1071,1247,285,307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.8–(26.8)–37.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FECFFB5C7B5B" box="[159,1247,326,348]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FECFFEDB7B5B" box="[159,344,326,348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0B62FECFFDC87B5B" box="[533,587,326,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">none</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFECFFC637B5B" box="[697,992,326,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2200–(3038)–3340 N=4</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FECFFB5C7B5B" box="[1071,1247,326,348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">22.5–(23.9)–25.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FEF9FB5C7B81" box="[159,1247,368,390]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FEF9FEDB7B81" box="[159,344,368,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0B62FEF9FDC87B81" box="[533,587,368,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8G</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFEF9FC637B81" box="[697,992,368,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">143–(277)–380</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FEF9FB5C7B81" box="[1071,1247,368,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">5–(18.1)–25</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FE10FB5C7BA8" box="[159,1247,409,431]" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FE10FEDB7BA8" box="[159,344,409,431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0B62FE10FDC87BA8" box="[533,587,409,431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8G</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFE10FC637BA8" box="[697,992,409,431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">450–(582)–750</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FE10FB5C7BA8" box="[1071,1247,409,431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.8–(29.5)–40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FE4BFB5C7BDF" box="[159,1247,450,472]" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FE4BFEDB7BDF" box="[159,344,450,472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles III</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0B62FE4BFDC87BDF" box="[533,587,450,472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8H, J</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFE4BFC637BDF" box="[697,992,450,472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">55–(137.5)–172.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FE4BFB5C7BDF" box="[1071,1247,450,472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1.5–(4.4)–7.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FE65FB5C7805" box="[159,1247,492,514]" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FE65FEDB7805" box="[159,344,492,514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">RBCM 977-156-2</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFE65FC637805" box="[697,992,492,514]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hope Island, Bull Harbour</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FD9CFB5C782C" box="[159,1247,533,555]" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FD9CFEDB782C" box="[159,344,533,555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFD9CFC63782C" box="[697,992,533,555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">700–(892)–1070</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FD9CFB5C782C" box="[1071,1247,533,555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.0–(18.7)–22.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FDB7FB5C7853" box="[159,1247,574,596]" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FDB7FEDB7853" box="[159,344,574,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFDB7FC637853" box="[697,992,574,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2550–(3600)–4425</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FDB7FB5C7853" box="[1071,1247,574,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.5(23.3)–28.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FDE1FB5C7879" box="[159,1247,616,638]" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FDE1FEDB7879" box="[159,344,616,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFDE1FC637879" box="[697,992,616,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">180–(252)–390 N=50</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FDE1FB5C7879" box="[1071,1247,616,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.0–(16.2)–25.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FD18FB5C78A0" box="[159,1247,657,679]" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FD18FEDB78A0" box="[159,344,657,679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFD18FC6378A0" box="[697,992,657,679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">320–(438)–690</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FD18FB5C78A0" box="[1071,1247,657,679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.5–(20.1)–40.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FD33FB5C78D7" box="[159,1247,698,720]" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FD33FEDB78D7" box="[159,344,698,720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles III</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFD33FC6378D7" box="[697,992,698,720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">125–(158)–188</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FD33FB5C78D7" box="[1071,1247,698,720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.8–(5.1)–8.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FD6DFB5C78FD" box="[159,1247,740,762]" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FD6DFEDB78FD" box="[159,344,740,762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">RBCM 980-340-2</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFD6DFC6378FD" box="[697,992,740,762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Holberg Inlet, Coal Harbour</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FC84FB5C7924" box="[159,1247,781,803]" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FC84FEDB7924" box="[159,344,781,803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFC84FC637924" box="[697,992,781,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">500–(784)–1090 N=50</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FC84FB5C7924" box="[1071,1247,781,803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.0–(23.5)–41.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FCBFFB5C794B" box="[159,1247,822,844]" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FCBFFEDB794B" box="[159,344,822,844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFCBFFC63794B" box="[697,992,822,844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1250–(1533)–1875</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FCBFFB5C794B" box="[1071,1247,822,844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">22.5–(29.4)–41.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FCE9FB5C7971" box="[159,1247,864,886]" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FCE9FEDB7971" box="[159,344,864,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFCE9FC637971" box="[697,992,864,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">200–(335)–390 N=50</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FCE9FB5C7971" box="[1071,1247,864,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5–(13.6)–20.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FC00FB5C7998" box="[159,1247,905,927]" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FC00FEDB7998" box="[159,344,905,927]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFC00FC637998" box="[697,992,905,927]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">350–(453)–620</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FC00FB5C7998" box="[1071,1247,905,927]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.0–(13.8)–18.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FC3BFB5C79CF" box="[159,1247,946,968]" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FC3BFEDB79CF" box="[159,344,946,968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles III</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFC3BFC6379CF" box="[697,992,946,968]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">118–(165)–215</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FC3BFB5C79CF" box="[1071,1247,946,968]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2.8–(4.3)–5.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FC55FB5C79F5" box="[159,1247,988,1010]" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FC55FEDB79F5" box="[159,344,988,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">RBCM 980-342-4</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFC55FC6379F5" box="[697,992,988,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Shapland Cove</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FB8CFB5C7E1C" box="[159,1247,1029,1051]" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FB8CFEDB7E1C" box="[159,344,1029,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFB8CFC637E1C" box="[697,992,1029,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">720–(917)–1100</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FB8CFB5C7E1C" box="[1071,1247,1029,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.8–(18.2)–21.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FBA7FB5C7E43" box="[159,1247,1070,1092]" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FBA7FEDB7E43" box="[159,344,1070,1092]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFBA7FC637E43" box="[697,992,1070,1092]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1500–(2731)–3475</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FBA7FB5C7E43" box="[1071,1247,1070,1092]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.0–(16.1)–22.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FBD1FB5C7E69" box="[159,1247,1112,1134]" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FBD1FEDB7E69" box="[159,344,1112,1134]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFBD1FC637E69" box="[697,992,1112,1134]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">200–(268)–380</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FBD1FB5C7E69" box="[1071,1247,1112,1134]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5–(15.1)–25.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FB08FB5C7E90" box="[159,1247,1153,1175]" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FB08FEDB7E90" box="[159,344,1153,1175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFB08FC637E90" box="[697,992,1153,1175]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">320–(499)–710 N=50</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FB08FB5C7E90" box="[1071,1247,1153,1175]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.0–(23.7)–33.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FB23FB5C7EC7" box="[159,1247,1194,1216]" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FB23FEDB7EC7" box="[159,344,1194,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles III</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFB23FC637EC7" box="[697,992,1194,1216]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">130–(174)–210</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FB23FB5C7EC7" box="[1071,1247,1194,1216]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.8–(4.8)–6.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FB5DFB5C7EED" box="[159,1247,1236,1258]" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FB5DFEDB7EED" box="[159,344,1236,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">RBCM 999-213-8</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFB5DFC637EED" box="[697,992,1236,1258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Morseby Island, Rose Inlet</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FB74FB5C7F14" box="[159,1247,1277,1299]" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FB74FEDB7F14" box="[159,344,1277,1299]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFB74FC637F14" box="[697,992,1277,1299]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">790–(1137)–1440</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FB74FB5C7F14" box="[1071,1247,1277,1299]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.8–(21.1)–27.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FAAFFB5C7F3B" box="[159,1247,1318,1340]" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FAAFFEDB7F3B" box="[159,344,1318,1340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFAAFFC637F3B" box="[697,992,1318,1340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2125–(2263)–2400 N=2</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FAAFFB5C7F3B" box="[1071,1247,1318,1340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.0–(12.5)–15.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FAD9FB5C7F61" box="[159,1247,1360,1382]" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FAD9FEDB7F61" box="[159,344,1360,1382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles I</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFAD9FC637F61" box="[697,992,1360,1382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">200–(307)–410</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FAD9FB5C7F61" box="[1071,1247,1360,1382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">11.3–(16.4)–21.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FAF0FB5C7F88" box="[159,1247,1401,1423]" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FAF0FEDB7F88" box="[159,344,1401,1423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles II</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFAF0FC637F88" box="[697,992,1401,1423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">420–(542)–650</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FAF0FB5C7F88" box="[1071,1247,1401,1423]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">16.3–(22.6)–30.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF90D1ED09E8FA2BFB5C7FBF" box="[159,1247,1442,1464]" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF90D1ED09E8FA2BFEDB7FBF" box="[159,344,1442,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles III</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0BCEFA2BFC637FBF" box="[697,992,1442,1464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">90–(136)–183</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF90D1ED0D58FA2BFB5C7FBF" box="[1071,1247,1442,1464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.0–(4.5)–5.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF061A94FF902E0B09E0FA74FB5A7C13" ID-Table-UUID="DF061A94FF902E0B09E0FA74FB5A7C13" box="[151,1241,1533,1556]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF061A94FF902E0B09E0FA74FB5A7C13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[159,1247,202,1464]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF902E0B09E0FA74FB5A7C13" blockId="25.[151,1241,1533,1556]" box="[151,1241,1533,1556]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF902E0B09E0FA74FE897C13" bold="true" box="[151,266,1533,1556]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Percent of Tylostyle Types in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF902E0B0B01FA74FCF87C13" box="[630,891,1533,1556]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF902E0B0B01FA74FCF87C13" box="[630,891,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Polymastia pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Laubenfels, 1932, Ectosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF902E0B09E8F9B9FDBF7C41" blockId="25.[159,1219,1584,1895]" box="[159,572,1584,1606]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Specimen Proportion Range</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF902E0B08FFF9D0FB197D60" blockId="25.[159,1219,1584,1895]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Tylostyle I Tylostyle II Tylostyle III
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF902E0B09E8F90BFF7E7C9F" box="[159,253,1666,1688]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
18–32% 5–21% 47–78% BC
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF902E0B09B0F925FE4B7CC5" box="[199,456,1708,1730]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1916-01-30">1 16–30</date>
|
||
% 6–16% 63–72% BC
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF902E0B09B0F95CFE4B7CEC" box="[199,456,1749,1771]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1951-02-13">2 13–51</date>
|
||
% 3–10% 46–84% BC
|
||
<date id="FFC76CDCFF902E0B09B0F977FE4B7D13" box="[199,456,1790,1812]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1943-03-27">3 27–43</date>
|
||
% 2–11% 53–65% BC4 37–56% 5–7% 39–57% Total 13–56% 2–21% 39–84%
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF902E0B09E0F801FCF37DB8" blockId="25.[151,1215,1928,1983]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tylostyles I: 143–380 Μm Tylostyles II; 450–750 Μm Tylostyles III: 55–173 Μm BC specimens were random samples from the south to central coast.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF061A94FF932E0809E0F904FCD47D3A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF932E0809E0F904FCD47D3A" blockId="26.[151,1436,1677,1853]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF932E0809E0F904FE977CA4" bold="true" box="[151,276,1677,1699]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF932E08086BF904FD967CA4" box="[284,533,1677,1699]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF932E08086BF904FD967CA4" box="[284,533,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Polymastia pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3631997FF932E0909B0F8EDFEA67E33" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF932E0909B0F8EDFABB7B1A" blockId="26.[151,1437,1892,2025]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,1077]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF932E0809B0F8EDFEB87D7A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1892,1917]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
De
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF932E080804F8EDFDC67D7A" author="Laubenfels" box="[371,581,1892,1917]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, Article 4, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted a relative scarcity of small tylostyles in the ectosome of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF932E080C1BF8ECFA1F7D7A" box="[1388,1436,1893,1917]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. This would set
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF932E0808A6F801FD697DA6" box="[465,746,1928,1953]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF932E0808A6F801FD697DA6" box="[465,746,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Polymastia pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apart from other NE Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF932E080D26F801FB4C7DA6" box="[1105,1231,1928,1953]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF932E080D26F801FB4C7DA6" box="[1105,1231,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Polymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF932E080D92F800FE047DC3" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF932E080D92F800FAF47DA6" box="[1253,1399,1928,1953]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kurilensis">P. kurilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF932E080CF0F800FF777DC2" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pacifica">P. pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF932E080871F824FE047DC3" box="[262,391,1965,1988]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="piscesae">P. piscesae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). However, our re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF932E080A2AF824FC0E7DC2" box="[861,909,1965,1989]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen from central California (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FB7FA7FF932E080C40F825FA107DC2" box="[1335,1427,1964,1989]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932, Spicule Size Range Comparison. N = 25, or specified." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
) indicated the ectosome had a palisade composed of 47% to 78% small tylostyles interspersed among the larger spicules. In four specimens from BC the small tylostyles (tylostyles III) are as abundant, or more abundant, than the long (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF922E090874FF35FEB67AD3" box="[259,309,188,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II) tylostyles in the ectosome (Table 3).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090A74FF35FB2D7AD2" authority="Lambe, 1893" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1893" box="[771,1198,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laganoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090A74FF35FB877AD2" box="[771,1028,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Polymastia laganoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF922E090D7BFF35FB2D7AD2" author="Lambe" box="[1036,1198,188,213]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1893 b) Sponges from the Pacific coast of Canada. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1893, XI (4), 25 - 43, pls. II - IV." type="journal article" year="1893" yearSuffix="b">Lambe, 1893b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 3) is the only species recorded in the north Pacific that lacks a palisade of small tylostyles. Small tylostyles are present in the ectosome but are irregularly distributed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090B29FE8DFCDC7B1A" box="[606,863,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laganoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090B29FE8DFCDC7B1A" box="[606,863,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Polymastia laganoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only a few wartlike fistulae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF922E090DA4FE8DFA957B1A" box="[1235,1302,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[180,1417,220,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[161,1425,195,1697]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Multifistulate Polymastia spp. in the NW Pacific. Numbers, form and size of fistulae. Scale bar, 3 cm on all but C where scale bar 5 cm. A, P. kurilensis Koltun; B, P. laganoides Burton; C, P. fluegeli Lehnert et al.; D, large P. toporoki Koltun; E, small P. toporoki; F, P. affinis Thiele, fistulae contracted; G, P. affinis, fistulae expanded. A, D – G from Koltun 1966; B from Lambe 1895, courtesy Royal Society of Canada; C from Stone et al. 2011." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286379/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF922E0909B0FEA1FE6F7BD7" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
De
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF922E090985FEAEFE407B47" author="Laubenfels" box="[242,451,295,320]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, Article 4, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090B54FEA0FD537B47" box="[547,720,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090B54FEA0FD537B47" box="[547,720,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for its characteristic short, wide fistulae. Specimens we have examined may have shorter or longer fistulae, but the basal diameter is wide compared to other species recorded from the North Pacific, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090B6DFEE6FCF97B8F" authority="Thiele, 1898" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[538,890,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090B6DFEE6FD667B8F" box="[538,741,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Polymastia affinis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF922E090B9BFEE6FCF97B8F" author="Thiele" box="[748,890,367,392]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Thiele, J. (1898) Studien uber pazifische Spongien. I Japanische Demospongien. Zoologica, Heft 24, 72 pp., 8 pls." type="book" year="1898">Thiele, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF922E090AFEFEE6FC4E7B8F" box="[905,973,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[180,1417,220,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[161,1425,195,1697]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Multifistulate Polymastia spp. in the NW Pacific. Numbers, form and size of fistulae. Scale bar, 3 cm on all but C where scale bar 5 cm. A, P. kurilensis Koltun; B, P. laganoides Burton; C, P. fluegeli Lehnert et al.; D, large P. toporoki Koltun; E, small P. toporoki; F, P. affinis Thiele, fistulae contracted; G, P. affinis, fistulae expanded. A, D – G from Koltun 1966; B from Lambe 1895, courtesy Royal Society of Canada; C from Stone et al. 2011." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286379/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G). The bases of the fistulae are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF922E090C0EFEF9FF3A7BAB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in both species. The height of the fistulae may be not much greater than the width, and they form blunt cones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF922E090851FE3EFEEB7BD7" box="[294,360,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[180,1417,220,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[161,1425,195,1697]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Multifistulate Polymastia spp. in the NW Pacific. Numbers, form and size of fistulae. Scale bar, 3 cm on all but C where scale bar 5 cm. A, P. kurilensis Koltun; B, P. laganoides Burton; C, P. fluegeli Lehnert et al.; D, large P. toporoki Koltun; E, small P. toporoki; F, P. affinis Thiele, fistulae contracted; G, P. affinis, fistulae expanded. A, D – G from Koltun 1966; B from Lambe 1895, courtesy Royal Society of Canada; C from Stone et al. 2011." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286379/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF922E0908FFFE3EFE4A7BD7" box="[392,457,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,195,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932. A, fistulae expanded and oscula open, scale bar approx. 1 cm; B, fistulae contracted and oscula closed, scale bar approx. 1 cm; C, yellow specimen, scale bar approx. 1 cm; D, large specimen, scale bar approx. 10 cm; E, SEM cross section showing palisade of small tylostyles in ectosome, and long styles extending beyond ectosome, scale bar 1 cm; F, style I, scale bar 500 µm; G, head of style I, scale bar 20 Μm; H, tylostyle I, scale bar 100 µm; I, tylostyle I head, scale bar 30 µm; J, tylostyle III, scale bar 300 µm; K, head and foot of tylostyle III, scale bar 100 Μm; L, tylostyle II, scale bar 50 Μm; M, head of tylostyle II, scale bar 10 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286381/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF922E0909B0FE55FD9B7882" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The two species differ as follows: style II is somewhat longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090AD6FE54FB807BF3" box="[929,1027,476,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090AD6FE54FB807BF3" box="[929,1027,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090D28FE54FA897BF2" box="[1119,1290,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090D28FE54FA897BF2" box="[1119,1290,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while style I is 80% longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090823FD88FE7E781F" box="[340,509,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090823FD88FE7E781F" box="[340,509,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090B22FD88FD34781F" box="[597,695,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090B22FD88FD34781F" box="[597,695,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090A71FD88FCE4781F" box="[774,871,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090A71FD88FCE4781F" box="[774,871,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded from
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF922E090D5BFD89FB297810" box="[1068,1194,512,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="3.03" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="202.5" valueMax="303.0" valueMin="102.0">102–303 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF922E090D8BFE76FA0C781F" author="Koltun" box="[1276,1423,511,536]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1966) Four-rayed sponges of the north and far eastern seas of the U. S. S. R. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 90, 1 - 107. [In Russian: Translated by Fisheries Research Board Canada, Ottawa, 1971]" type="journal article" year="1966">Koltun 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E0909A8FDACFE08783A" box="[223,395,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E0909A8FDACFE08783A" box="[223,395,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in intertidal and shallow (
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF922E090A66FDADFCEF783B" box="[785,876,548,572]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="0.0">0–40 m</quantity>
|
||
) waters. Shallow water (
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF922E090DF9FDADFB75783B" box="[1166,1270,548,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 m</quantity>
|
||
) specimens in Sagami Bay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E0A8CFF922E090858FDC1FEEC7858" box="[303,367,584,607]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090B7AFDC0FCD57867" authority="Tanita et al. 1989" authorityName="Tanita et al." authorityYear="1989" box="[525,854,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090B7AFDC0FDF27867" box="[525,625,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF922E090BF6FDCEFCCD7867" author="Tanita" box="[641,846,583,608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Tanita, S. & Hoshino, T. (1989) The Demospongiae of Sagami Bay. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Japan, 162 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1989">
|
||
Tanita
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090BA5FDC0FC8F7867" box="[722,780,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most likely another species based on the short (520–750 µm) large subtylostyles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF922E0909B0FD06FC55795A" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E0909B0FD06FEDC78AF" bold="true" box="[199,351,655,680]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Conclusions.</emphasis>
|
||
An absence or paucity of small tylostyles in a cortical palisade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090DECFD18FAC878AF" box="[1179,1355,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090DECFD18FAC878AF" box="[1179,1355,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not supported by the evidence in our study, and hence cannot be invoked to set off
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090D52FD3CFB5378CA" box="[1061,1232,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090D52FD3CFB5378CA" box="[1061,1232,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other North Pacific species. The form and size of the fistulae differ from other recorded North Pacific species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090C69FD5EFA1F78F7" box="[1310,1436,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090C69FD5EFA1F78F7" box="[1310,1436,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Polymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090867FD74FEF17913" box="[272,370,764,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090867FD74FEF17913" box="[272,370,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Differences in style length and bathymetric distribution from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090D42FD74FB147913" box="[1077,1175,764,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090D42FD74FB147913" box="[1077,1175,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
support maintaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090CF0FD74FE91793F" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090CF0FD74FE91793F" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. polymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090B55FCA8FD53793F" box="[546,720,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090B55FCA8FD53793F" box="[546,720,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished visually from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090DA6FC96FACC793F" box="[1233,1359,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090DA6FC96FACC793F" box="[1233,1359,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Polymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found within its range based on the large (
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF922E090B51FCCDFDFF795B" box="[550,636,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
) basal diameter of the fistulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF922E0909B0FCEEFBF47987" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,1077]" box="[199,1143,871,896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E0909B0FCEEFE2D7987" bold="true" box="[199,430,871,896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
|
||
Intertidal to
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF922E090B37FCE1FDFA7978" box="[576,633,872,896]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
depth; most common in the shallow subtidal,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF922E0909B0FC05FBA079A3" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,1077]" box="[199,1059,908,933]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E0909B0FC05FE6C79A2" bold="true" box="[199,495,908,933]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Southern California to Aleutian I., Alaska (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E0A8CFF922E090AAEFC05FB9479A3" box="[985,1047,908,932]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF922E0909B0FC26FEA67E33" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E0909B0FC26FEA879CF" bold="true" box="[199,299,943,968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
We frequently encountered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF922E090B1AFC26FC0279CF" box="[621,897,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pachymastia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF922E090B1AFC26FC0279CF" box="[621,897,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Polymastia pachymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in shallow water along the NE Pacific coast. It settles on hard substrates but can tolerate a moderate level of sediment deposition, possibly due to the oscula and ostia being located on raised fistulae. We found it on both horizontal and inclined surfaces and in current-swept or calm waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |