196 lines
29 KiB
XML
196 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BF9903A9E03DC8561FDD158F4D1D86D6">Aphonopelma braunshausenii Tesmoingt, 1996 is a nomen dubium, with review of some historic morphological characters ineffective at species delineation (Araneae: Theraphosidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="D40AA94A429344DBA6F21DDBF840B734">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C6910D267CFFBC358F0C70B0FCF949" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4323963" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167293561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4323963" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6910D267CFFBC358F0C70B0FCF949" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6910D267CFFBC358F0C70B0FCF949" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
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<subSubSection id="C3757390267CFFBF358F0C70B298F8A1" box="[151,908,1881,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD0201B267CFFBF358F0C70B298F8A1" blockId="1.[151,908,1881,1908]" box="[151,908,1881,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
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<heading id="D0989777267CFFBF358F0C70B298F8A1" box="[151,908,1881,1908]" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267CFFBF358F0C70B3C3F8A1" authority="Tesmoingt, 1996" authorityName="Tesmoingt" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,727,1881,1908]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunshausenii">
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267CFFBF358F0C70B3C3F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,727,1881,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267CFFBF358F0C70B311F8A6" bold="true" box="[151,517,1881,1908]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">Aphonopelma braunshausenii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267CFFBF37140C70B3C3F8A1" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[524,727,1881,1907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267CFFBF37C60C73B298F8A1" box="[734,908,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3757390267CFFBC358F0CB4B386FF61" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD0201B267CFFBC358F0CB4B386FF61" blockId="1.[151,747,1949,1974]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,1691]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7F0735267CFFBC358F0CB4B386FF61" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACE060A267CFFBF358F0CB4B386F867" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[151,658,1949,1974]" page="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" year="1996">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267CFFBF358F0CB4B386F867" authority="Tesmoingt, 1996: 2" authorityName="Tesmoingt" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,658,1949,1974]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunshausenii">
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||
<emphasis id="B91BFC09267CFFBF358F0CB4B0D2F867" box="[151,454,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">Aphonopelma braunshausenii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267CFFBF34D40CB4B386F867" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[460,658,1949,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt, 1996: 2</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, f. 1–15.
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC358F0BB0B053FF61" bold="true" box="[151,327,152,179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
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<typeStatus id="54D49EB9267FFFBC358F0BB0B1C6FF61" box="[151,210,153,179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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||
No
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<typeStatus id="54D49EB9267FFFBC346F0BB0B0B3FF61" box="[375,423,153,179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">type</typeStatus>
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specimen deposited.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3757390267FFFBC35DF0B94B0FCF949" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD0201B267FFFBC35DF0B94B42EFD55" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC35DF0B94B029FF05" bold="true" box="[199,317,189,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Remarks:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC345E0B94B304FF0A" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[326,528,189,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267FFFBC37950B94B535FF05" authority="Tesmoingt, 1996" authorityName="Tesmoingt" authorityYear="1996" box="[653,1057,189,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunshausenii">
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC37950B94B24FFF05" box="[653,859,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">A. braunshausenii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC367B0B94B535FF05" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[867,1057,189,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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from a single exuvia from a live specimen with no provenance other than “
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<collectingCountry id="F378608B267FFFBC376B0BC8B3DAFF29" box="[627,718,225,251]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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” and that it had been collected by “P. Klaas”. He noted that the colouration of live specimens and the form of the spermathecae in the exuvia was similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267FFFBC30040A2CB037FE91" authority="Smith, 1995" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1995" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC30040A2CB488FECD" box="[1308,1436,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">A. schmidti</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC358F0A00B037FE91" author="Smith, A. M." box="[151,291,296,323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref5142" refString="Smith, A. M. (1995) Tarantula Spiders: Tarantulas of the U. S. A. and Mexico. Fitzgerald Publishing, London, 196 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smith, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[a species later synonomised with
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267FFFBC37A20A00B536FE91" authority="Chamberlin, 1940" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[698,1058,297,323]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC37A20A00B25FFE91" box="[698,843,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">A. chalcodes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC364D0A00B536FE91" author="Chamberlin, R. V." box="[853,1058,297,323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref3808" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1940) New American tarantulas of the family Aviculariidae. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 30 (13), 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1940">Chamberlin, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC31490A00B44CFE91" author="Hamilton, C. A. & Hendrixson, B. E. & Bond, J. E." box="[1105,1368,296,323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 340" refId="ref4222" refString="Hamilton, C. A., Hendrixson, B. E. & Bond, J. E. (2016) Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States. ZooKeys, 560, 1 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 560.6264" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Hamilton
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC31DC0A03B5ECFE91" box="[1220,1272,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2016)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
].
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC30740A00B02EFEBA" author="Tesmoingt, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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states that the differences that warranted his species separation were the form of the eyes, labium and spination of metatarsus IV.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC34E10A58B3C9FE59" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[505,733,369,395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt (1996: 3)</bibRefCitation>
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described the labium as follows: “en forme grossière de demisphère tronquée à la partie supérieure (celle-ci est fort peuincurvée), le labio-stemum forme une bande continue” [= hemispherical with a continual band of labial cuspules]. On the same page, he describes the number and position of spines on the metatarsus IV as: “Métatarse de la PIV composéd’épines 2 en parallèle, 1 au milieu, 1 à la naissance du scopula, enfin, une épine latérale entre les deux. A l’apical du métatarse, 3 épines serrées plus une à l’opposé inclinée vers l’intérie” [= composed of two spines in parallel, one in the middle, one at the start of the scopula and a lateral spine between the two. At the apex of the metatarsus, three sharp spines plus one opposite pointing towards the inside].
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC34020944B0EAFD55" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[282,510,621,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt (1996: 3)</bibRefCitation>
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also considered the dimensions of the eyes as a useful taxonomic feature.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD0201B267FFFBC35DF09B8B449FB15" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
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Based on examination of over one hundred and twenty specimens of North American
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267FFFBC31AC09B8B444FD79" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1204,1360,657,683]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC31AC09B8B444FD79" box="[1204,1360,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the collections at the Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) and the San Diego Natural History Museum (SDMC) (see material examined) it was found that none of the features used by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC368709D4B571FCCA" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[927,1125,765,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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||
were informative in species delineation. The comparative size of [and distance between] the individual eyes was found to be negligible in all specimens [including within many intraspecific samples with the same collecting data] and not stable as a species feature (
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<figureCitation id="13543C9E267FFFBC35EB0840B04BFC56" box="[243,351,873,900]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,835,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,815]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,815]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Ocular tubercles of some Aphonopelma species showing variation in size and distance between eyes, 1 Aphonopelma platnicki holotype male BMNH 1894.2.18.1, 2 Aphonopelma clarki holotype female BMNH 1959.1.2 [= A. hentzi Girard, 1853 per Hamilton et al. 2016)], 3 Aphonopelma anax non-type male OUMNH 2009-001, 4 Aphonopelma pallidum holotype male BMNH 1898.12.24.34–37, 5 Aphonopelma bicoloratum non-type male OUMNH 2011-045, 6 Aphonopelma marxi nontype male OUMNH 2007-064. Scale lines = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998514/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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). The labium in all Group I
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267FFFBC378B0840B23BFC51" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[659,815,873,899]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC378B0840B23BFC51" box="[659,815,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC36260843B268FC51" box="[830,892,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">sensu</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC369A0840B501FC51" author="Gabriel, R." box="[898,1045,873,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="157 - 166" refId="ref3900" refString="Gabriel, R. (2011) A new species of Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Journal of the British Tarantula Society, 26, 157 - 166." type="journal article" year="2011">Gabriel 2011</bibRefCitation>
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||
) occurring in the
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||
<collectingCountry id="F378608B267FFFBC31C00840B47AFC51" box="[1240,1390,873,899]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F378608B267FFFBC35E608A4B040FC75" box="[254,340,909,935]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
can be described as “hemicircular” and all have a dense covering of labial cuspules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13543C9E267FFFBC300C08A4B484FC75" box="[1300,1424,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1678,1703]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1026,1659]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1026,1659]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7–12. Labia of the above Aphonopelma specimens all showing near identical morphology in shape and cuspule density, 7 Aphonopelma platnicki holotype male BMNH 1894.2.18.1, 8 Aphonopelma clarki holotype female BMNH 1959.1.2 [= A. hentzi Girard, 1853 per Hamilton et al. 2016)], 9 Aphonopelma anax non-type male OUMNH 2009-001, 10 Aphonopelma pallidum holotype male BMNH 1898.12.24.34–37, 11 Aphonopelma bicoloratum non-type male OUMNH 2011-045, 12 Aphonopelma marxi non-type male OUMNH 2007-064. Scale lines = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Figs. 7–12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, this feature is also not stable for delineation. Finally, the spination of the metatarsus IV is also variable across specimens and indeed even when comparing the left and right hand sides of an individual specimen (pers. obs.). The number and position of spines on other leg segments also varied and thus is not a stable taxonomic feature. Whilst spination featured heavily in keys of earlier works (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC36120F34B527FBE5" author="Chamberlin, R. V. & Ivie, W." box="[778,1075,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref3771" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. & Ivie, W. (1939) New tarantulas from the southwestern states. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 29 (11), 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1939">Chamberlin and Ivie 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC31270F34B411FBE5" author="Chamberlin, R. V." box="[1087,1285,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref3808" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1940) New American tarantulas of the family Aviculariidae. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 30 (13), 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1940">Chamberlin 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC30090F34B480FBE5" author="Smith, A. M." box="[1297,1428,1052,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref5142" refString="Smith, A. M. (1995) Tarantula Spiders: Tarantulas of the U. S. A. and Mexico. Fitzgerald Publishing, London, 196 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smith 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) their works were defined from small samples sizes and thus did not account for intraspecific variation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC30260F68B1C6FBAD" author="Prentice, T. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="137 - 176" refId="ref4889" refString="Prentice, T. R. (1997) Theraphosidae of the Mojave Desert west and north of the Colorado River (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 25, 137 - 176." type="journal article" year="1997">Prentice 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC35C60F4CB0D9FB52" author="Hamilton, C. A. & Hendrixson, B. E. & Bond, J. E." box="[222,461,1125,1152]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 340" refId="ref4222" refString="Hamilton, C. A., Hendrixson, B. E. & Bond, J. E. (2016) Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States. ZooKeys, 560, 1 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 560.6264" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Hamilton
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC34480F4FB095FBAD" box="[336,385,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267FFFBC37AC0F4CB29CFBAD" authorityName="Tesmoingt" authorityYear="1996" box="[692,904,1125,1151]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunshausenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC37AC0F4CB29CFBAD" box="[692,904,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">A. braunshausenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is even more limited considering it is based on examination of a single exuvia.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC37190FA0B3FDFB71" author="Prentice, T. R." box="[513,745,1161,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="137 - 176" refId="ref4889" refString="Prentice, T. R. (1997) Theraphosidae of the Mojave Desert west and north of the Colorado River (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 25, 137 - 176." type="journal article" year="1997">Prentice (1997: 144)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted variation in the number, position and size of spines on the male palpal tibia.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC34910F84B390FB1A" author="Hamilton, C. A. & Hendrixson, B. E. & Bond, J. E." box="[393,644,1197,1224]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 340" refId="ref4222" refString="Hamilton, C. A., Hendrixson, B. E. & Bond, J. E. (2016) Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States. ZooKeys, 560, 1 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 560.6264" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Hamilton
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC34E20F87B33FFB15" box="[506,555,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded leg spination in general was a highly variable feature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD0201B267FFFBC35DF0FF8B0FDFA11" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC35DF0FF8B085FB3E" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[199,401,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not mention any
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D49EB9267FFFBC37840FF8B3D8FB39" box="[668,716,1233,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">type</typeStatus>
|
||
repository in his work. Unfortunately, attempts at establishing contact with Marc Tesmoingt were unsuccessful and former collaborators of his confirmed they had also been unable to contact him for several years (J. M. Verdez pers. comm.). Enquiries were nonetheless made to two French museums which Tesmoingt had accessed in the past (Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Lille, Lille and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris) but both stated they did not hold the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D49EB9267FFFBC36AA0E48B2F6FAA9" box="[946,994,1377,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267FFFBC31740E48B42CFAA9" authorityName="Tesmoingt" authorityYear="1996" box="[1132,1336,1377,1403]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunshausenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC31740E48B42CFAA9" box="[1132,1336,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">A. braunshausenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, it appears that Tesmoingt did not deposit physical
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D49EB9267FFFBC37A00EACB3FCFA4D" box="[696,744,1413,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens and as a consequence, no specimens of this taxon exist for physical comparison.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD0201B267FFFBC35DF0EE4B0FCF949" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
|
||
It is possible, based on interpretation of the illustrations and the descriptions of colour, that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE5DEA267FFFBC31CC0EE4B488FA3A" author="Tesmoingt, M." box="[1236,1436,1485,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5257" refString="Tesmoingt, M. (1996) Une nouvelle espece d' Aphonopelma du Mexique: Description et contribution a l'etude taxonomique de Aphonopelma braunshausenii sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Arachnides, 31, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Tesmoingt (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a Mexican specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267FFFBC373E0ED8B3ADF9D9" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[550,697,1521,1547]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC373E0ED8B3ADF9D9" box="[550,697,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">A. chalcodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but with no physical specimens nor a specific type locality for comparison this cannot be stated with certainty. The lack of an exact type locality also prohibits the collection of new material for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D49EB9267FFFBC344F0D10B0A4F981" box="[343,432,1593,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation. Therefore, based on the lack of an institutionally deposited
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D49EB9267FFFBC31C70D10B450F981" box="[1247,1348,1593,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, lack of an exact type locality and an inadequate description based on an exuvia, it is proposed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F5B98267FFFBC31B40D74B46EF9A5" authorityName="Tesmoingt" authorityYear="1996" box="[1196,1402,1629,1655]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braunshausenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC31B40D74B46EF9A5" box="[1196,1402,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">A. braunshausenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be regarded as a
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BFC09267FFFBC342A0DA8B0F5F949" bold="true" box="[306,481,1664,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |