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<mods:title id="91ACBD303C8BC8B3D7CB48EFD783D94D">Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B7FB4153355DC4F571ECF9823883655">Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., 802 - ho, 302 - dong, 397 Seokcheon-ro, Ojeong-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14449, Republic of Korea ® ihkim @ gwnu. ac. kr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7332 - 0043</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="766031CA6D96706853801657C84BA61D">Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., 802 - ho, 302 - dong, 397 Seokcheon-ro, Ojeong-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14449, Republic of Korea ® ihkim @ gwnu. ac. kr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7332 - 0043</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF433A27FF4DFF62FDD1FF06" blockId="18.[136,532,172,233]" box="[136,532,172,199]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D09A81B1EF433A27FF4DFF62FDD1FF06" box="[136,532,172,199]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FF4DFF62FDD1FF06" authority="Thorell, 1859" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[136,532,172,199]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FF4DFF62FDD1FF06" bold="true" box="[136,532,172,199]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FF4DFF62FEA3FF06" bold="true" box="[136,358,172,199]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Notodelphys agilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF433A27FEABFF63FDD1FF06" author="Thorell, T." box="[366,532,173,199]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3776556EF433A27FF4DFF01FF19FF28" box="[136,220,207,233]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF433A27FF4DFF01FF19FF28" blockId="18.[136,532,172,233]" box="[136,220,207,233]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="13562A58EF433A27FF55FF01FF11FF28" box="[144,212,207,233]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[136,245,1975,2001]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,967,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-360@18.[136,1451,964,1915]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Notodelphys agilis Thorell, 1859, female. A, habitus, lateral; B, left caudal ramus, ventral; C, antenna; D, endopod of mandible; E, leg 5. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; BE, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4591154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4591154/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3776556EF433A27FF4DFEDDFB8FFD62" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF433A27FF4DFEDDFE47FDFC" blockId="18.[136,778,275,914]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FF4DFEDDFEACFEEC" bold="true" box="[136,361,275,301]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD54EF433A27FEB2FEDDFE70FEEC" box="[375,437,275,301]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(MNHN-IU-2018-1749) from
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FF4DFEFBFE1FFE8E" authority="Alder, 1863" authorityName="Alder" authorityYear="1863" box="[136,474,309,335]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socialis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FF4DFEFBFE82FE8E" box="[136,327,309,335]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Molgula socialis</emphasis>
Alder, 1863
</taxonomicName>
, Wimereux, Atlantic coast of
<collectingCountry id="F37A764DEF433A27FF69FE99FF39FEB0" box="[172,252,343,369]" name="France" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">France</collectingCountry>
;
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD54EF433A27FEC8FE99FEF9FEB0" box="[269,316,343,369]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(MNHN-IU-2018-1750) from
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FD6EFE99FE2BFE52" authority="(Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Lacaze-Duthiers" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleizi">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FD6EFE99FF00FE52" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Molgula bleizi</emphasis>
(Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
, Morgat, Atlantic coast of
<collectingCountry id="F37A764DEF433A27FF6FFE55FF3FFE74" box="[170,250,411,437]" name="France" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">France</collectingCountry>
;
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD54EF433A27FECCFE55FE88FE74" box="[265,333,411,437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 9 ♂♂ (MNHN-IU-2018-1751) and 1 dissected
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD54EF433A27FF33FE73FECEFE16" box="[246,267,445,471]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"></specimenCount>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FE95FE73FD59FE19" authority="Millar, 1955" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1955" box="[336,668,445,472]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FE95FE73FDC2FE16" box="[336,519,445,471]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Molgula scutata</emphasis>
Millar, 1955
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE18EF433A27FD63FE73FCCFFE16" box="[678,778,445,471]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">WALDA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED7CAE18EF433A27FF4DFE11FF7EFE38" box="[136,187,479,505]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CM</collectionCode>
1;
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD54EF433A27FF16FE11FED0FE38" box="[211,277,479,505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">9 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(MNHN-IU-2018-1752) and 1 dissected
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD54EF433A27FD30FE11FCCFFE38" box="[757,778,479,505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"></specimenCount>
(figured) from
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FEF6FDCFFD90FDDA" baseAuthorityName="Mueller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[307,597,513,539]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Corellidae" genus="Corella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parallelogramma">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FEF6FDCFFD90FDDA" box="[307,597,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Corella parallelogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(M̹ller, 1776), Kristineberg,
<collectingCountry id="F37A764DEF433A27FEE7FDEDFEBBFDFC" box="[290,382,547,573]" name="Sweden" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sweden</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF433A27FF78FD8BFB8FFD62" blockId="18.[136,778,275,914]" lastBlockId="18.[810,1452,173,914]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FF78FD8BFD87FD9E" bold="true" box="[189,578,581,607]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnostic characters of female</emphasis>
. Body (
<figureCitation id="13562A58EF433A27FD60FD8BFCC7FD9E" box="[677,770,581,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[136,245,1975,2001]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,967,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-360@18.[136,1451,964,1915]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Notodelphys agilis Thorell, 1859, female. A, habitus, lateral; B, left caudal ramus, ventral; C, antenna; D, endopod of mandible; E, leg 5. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; BE, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4591154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4591154/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) of dissected specimen 2.96 mm long. Caudal ramus (
<figureCitation id="13562A58EF433A27FF55FD47FF2FFD65" box="[144,234,649,676]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[136,245,1975,2001]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,967,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-360@18.[136,1451,964,1915]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Notodelphys agilis Thorell, 1859, female. A, habitus, lateral; B, left caudal ramus, ventral; C, antenna; D, endopod of mandible; E, leg 5. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; BE, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4591154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4591154/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) 242×52 μm, about 4.7 times as long as wide and about 1.7 times as long as anal somite; ornamented with hair-like setules on both inner and outer margins, setules on inner margin very fine, almost invisible; outer lateral seta located in middle of ramus. Rostrum longer than wide, with pair of nipple-shaped tubercles apically. Antennule 14-segmented. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="13562A58EF433A27FDDFFC9BFDB5FCAE" box="[538,624,853,879]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[136,245,1975,2001]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,967,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-360@18.[136,1451,964,1915]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Notodelphys agilis Thorell, 1859, female. A, habitus, lateral; B, left caudal ramus, ventral; C, antenna; D, endopod of mandible; E, leg 5. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; BE, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4591154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4591154/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
) with exopod represented by 1 large pinnate seta and 1 vestigial seta on basis; compound distal endopodal segment about 3.8 times as long as wide. Mandibular endopod (
<figureCitation id="13562A58EF433A27FAEFFF01FA41FF28" box="[1322,1412,207,233]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[136,245,1975,2001]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,967,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-360@18.[136,1451,964,1915]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Notodelphys agilis Thorell, 1859, female. A, habitus, lateral; B, left caudal ramus, ventral; C, antenna; D, endopod of mandible; E, leg 5. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; BE, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4591154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4591154/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
) 2- segmented, armed with 3 setaeon first segment and 9 setae on second; largest distalmost setaon first segment and 3 mediodistal setae on second segment naked, other setae pinnate. Maxillulary endopod incompletely 2-segmented, armed with 1 and 4 setae on first and second segments, respectively. Maxilliped 3-segmented, armedwith 10, 1, and 3 setae on first to third segments, respectively. Leg 5 (
<figureCitation id="13562A58EF433A27FCF7FE11FC43FE38" box="[818,902,479,505]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[136,245,1975,2001]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,967,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-360@18.[136,1451,964,1915]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Notodelphys agilis Thorell, 1859, female. A, habitus, lateral; B, left caudal ramus, ventral; C, antenna; D, endopod of mandible; E, leg 5. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; BE, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4591154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4591154/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
) protopod broad, unornamented, with outer distal process not longer than exopod, tipped with 1 naked seta; free exopodal segment about 1.1 times longer than wide (32×30 μm), sub-quadrate and without basal constriction, inner and outer margins parallel, armed with 1 small and 1 longer seta, both naked.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3776556EF433A26FC9AFD65FD4EF9BF" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF433A26FC9AFD65FE86FD04" blockId="18.[810,1452,173,914]" lastBlockId="19.[136,778,173,1662]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FC9AFD65FC09FD04" bold="true" box="[863,972,683,709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FC27FD65FB7EFD04" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[994,1211,683,709]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FC27FD65FB7EFD04" box="[994,1211,683,709]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Notodelphys agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF433A27FC90FD03FBC4FD29" author="Thorell, T." box="[853,1025,717,744]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell (1859)</bibRefCitation>
based on material associated with four different hosts (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FBF1FD21FB31FCC8" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[1076,1268,751,777]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mentula">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FBF1FD21FB31FCC8" box="[1076,1268,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidia mentula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M̹ller, 1776,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FCEFFCDFFB3EFCED" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[810,1275,785,812]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intestinalis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FCEFFCDFFBC2FCEA" box="[810,1031,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ciona intestinalis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FA92FCDFFCB3FC8C" authorityName="Mueller" authorityYear="1776" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canina">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FA92FCDFFCB3FC8C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidia canina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FC55FCFDFBA7FC8C" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[912,1122,819,845]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspersa">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FC55FCFDFBA7FC8C" box="[912,1122,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidiella aspersa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(M̹ller, 1776), and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FA92FCFDFC2BFCAE" baseAuthorityName="Mueller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Ascidiacea" family="Corellidae" genus="Corella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parallelogramma">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FA92FCFDFC2BFCAE" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Corella parallelogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) collected off the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F37A764DEF433A27FA89FC9BFA6DFCAE" box="[1356,1448,853,879]" name="Sweden" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sweden</collectingCountry>
. These samefour ascidianspecies apparently serve as hosts to a total of seven different species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FDF0FF63FD04FF06" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1847" box="[565,705,173,199]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FDF0FF63FD04FF06" box="[565,705,173,199]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Notodelphys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all of which are still regarded as valid (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FDD1FF1EFDB2FF28" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[532,631,207,233]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FDD1FF1EFDE2FF28" box="[532,551,208,233]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FDFCFF01FDB2FF28" box="[569,631,207,233]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FD4CFF1EFCC6FF28" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[649,771,207,233]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allmani">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FD4CFF1EFD59FF28" box="[649,668,208,233]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FD68FF01FCC6FF28" box="[685,771,207,233]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">allmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FF4DFF3CFE01FECD" authority="Thorell, 1859" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[136,452,241,268]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FF4DFF3CFF5EFECA" box="[136,155,242,267]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FF75FF3FFED7FECA" box="[176,274,241,267]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">caerulea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FEE4FF3FFE01FECD" author="Thorell, T." box="[289,452,241,268]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FE13FF3CFCC3FECD" authority="Thorell, 1859" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[470,774,241,268]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FE13FF3CFE2CFECA" box="[470,489,242,267]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FE3AFF3FFD90FECA" box="[511,597,241,267]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FDA6FF3FFCC3FECD" author="Thorell, T." box="[611,774,241,268]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FF4DFEDAFE71FEEF" authority="Thorell, 1859" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[136,436,275,302]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FF4DFEDAFF5EFEEC" box="[136,155,276,301]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FF6AFEDAFEC0FEEC" box="[175,261,276,301]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">prasina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FED7FEDDFE71FEEF" author="Thorell, T." box="[274,436,275,302]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FE03FEDAFCC3FEEF" authority="Thorell, 1859" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[454,774,275,302]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FE03FEDAFE1CFEEC" box="[454,473,276,301]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FE28FEDDFD92FEEC" box="[493,599,275,301]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">rufescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FDA1FEDDFCC3FEEF" author="Thorell, T." box="[612,774,275,302]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FF79FEF8FE10FE91" authority="Thorell, 1859" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[188,469,309,336]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenera">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FF79FEF8FF0AFE8E" box="[188,207,310,335]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FF24FEF8FEECFE8E" box="[225,297,310,335]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">tenera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FEF1FEFBFE10FE91" author="Thorell, T." box="[308,469,309,336]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Given the co-occurrence of these congeneric species both geographically and in terms of host associations, it is not surprising that there has been historic confusion over the identities of some of them. The original descriptions lacked detail and the morphological concepts of some of Thorells species have gradually been fixed by subsequent accounts. The most important contribution was that of G.O.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FD4DFDEDFCCCFDFC" author="Sars, G. O." box="[648,777,547,573]" journalOrPublisher="Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida, Bergen" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref330626" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species, Vol. 8. Copepoda. Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. 1 - 37." title="An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species, Vol. 8. Copepoda" type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921)</bibRefCitation>
who redescribed all seven species. His redescription of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FD35FD88FF03FD40" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FD35FD88FF03FD40" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
established the modern concept of this species, as recognized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FEF7FD47FE6BFD65" author="Illg" box="[306,430,649,676]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="463 - 649" part="107" refId="ref328917" refString="Illg, P. L. (1958) North American copepods of the family Notodelphyidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 107 (3390), 463 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3390.463" title="North American copepods of the family Notodelphyidae" type="journal article" year="1958">Illg (1958)</bibRefCitation>
in his overview of the family
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FF4DFD65FEFAFD04" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1853" box="[136,319,683,709]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Notodelphyidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF126655EF433A27FF4DF879FC5FF835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4591154" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4591154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4591154/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[136,245,1975,2001]" targetBox="[145,1444,967,1911]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF433A27FF4DF879FC5FF835" blockId="18.[136,1452,1975,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FF4DF879FED4F813" bold="true" box="[136,273,1975,2002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF433A27FED2F876FD4CF813" authority="Thorell, 1859" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[279,649,1975,2002]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF433A27FED2F876FE2DF813" box="[279,488,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Notodelphys agilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF433A27FE2BF876FD4CF813" author="Thorell, T." box="[494,649,1975,2002]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, female. A, habitus, lateral; B, left caudal ramus, ventral; C, antenna; D, endopod of mandible; E, leg 5. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; BE, 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF423A26FF78FD03FD35FBFD" blockId="19.[136,778,173,1662]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The character states exhibited by our specimens conform to the illustrations of
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FE18FD21FDA7FCC8" author="Sars, G. O." box="[477,610,751,777]" journalOrPublisher="Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida, Bergen" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref330626" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species, Vol. 8. Copepoda. Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. 1 - 37." title="An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species, Vol. 8. Copepoda" type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921)</bibRefCitation>
. In his original description,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FED7FCDFFE73FCED" author="Thorell, T." box="[274,438,785,812]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell (1859)</bibRefCitation>
characterised
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FD92FCDCFD73FCEA" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[599,694,785,812]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FD92FCDCFDAFFCEA" box="[599,618,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FDBDFCDFFD73FCEA" box="[632,694,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by two major features: the caudal rami are twice as long as the anal somite and the outer lateral seta on the caudal ramus is positioned at the mid-length. In contrast to his text, Thorells illustration (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FE41FC57FDE3FC75" author="Thorell, T." box="[388,550,921,948]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell, 1859</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="13562A58EF423A26FDF0FC57FD49FC75" box="[565,652,921,948]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[136,245,1431,1457]" captionTargetBox="[145,1440,237,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-253@16.[136,1451,226,1367]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pronotodelphys caledonica gen. et sp. nov., male. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, ventral; C, left caudal ramus, ventral; D, antennule; E, legs 5 and 6. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; CE, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4591152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4591152/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13562A58EF423A26FD49FC57FD5CFC75" box="[652,665,921,948]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[136,245,1567,1593]" captionTargetBox="[146,1444,210,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-211@11.[136,1451,200,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bathynotodelphys defayeae gen. et sp. nov., male. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, ventral; C, antennule. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B, C, 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4591144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4591144/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">3</figureCitation>
) shows a caudal ramus at most 1.7 times as long as the anal somite, a similar proportion to our specimen (1.67:1) and also similar to the specimen illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FD93FC31FD1FFBD8" author="Sars, G. O." box="[598,730,1023,1049]" journalOrPublisher="Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida, Bergen" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref330626" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species, Vol. 8. Copepoda. Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. 1 - 37." title="An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species, Vol. 8. Copepoda" type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921</bibRefCitation>
: Pl. XVII, fig. 3F), which has caudal rami measuring 1.5:1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF423A26FF4DFB8DFDD0F9FB" blockId="19.[136,778,173,1662]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Confusingly, the exopod of the antenna is illustrated as comprising 2 subequal large setae in Thorells original description, whereastheantennalexopod of ourspecimens and that illustrated by Sars is represented by a large and a small seta. However, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FDEFFB05FD1BFB24" author="Monniot, C." box="[554,734,1227,1253]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Section A, Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie Animales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="431 - 454" part="4" refId="ref329921" refString="Monniot, C. (1981) Description de Copepodes ascidicoles (Notodelphyidae et Ascidicolidae) de la pente continentale du golfe de Gascogne. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Section A, Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie Animales, 4 (3), 431 - 454." title="Description de Copepodes ascidicoles (Notodelphyidae et Ascidicolidae) de la pente continentale du golfe de Gascogne" type="journal article" year="1981">Monniot (1981)</bibRefCitation>
the small exopodal seta on the antenna in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FDF4FB20FD4AFAC6" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[561,655,1261,1288]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FDF4FB20FD81FAC6" box="[561,580,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FD94FB23FD4AFAC6" box="[593,655,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is variable in length, ranging between 15 and 37% of the length of the large seta, but still showing a clear length difference between the two setae. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FE6BFABBFD9FFA51" author="Thorell, T." box="[430,602,1397,1424]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell (1859)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated the antenna of a different specimen belonging to another coassociated species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FE4FFA77FDD3FA12" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1847" box="[394,534,1465,1491]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FE4FFA77FDD3FA12" box="[394,534,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Notodelphys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, given that the four
<typeStatus id="54D6887FEF423A26FF4DFA12FF7DFA37" box="[136,184,1500,1526]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
hosts of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FEE4FA12FE44FA34" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[289,385,1499,1525]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FEE4FA12FE44FA34" box="[289,385,1499,1525]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also served as hosts to another six congeneric species. We have followed
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF423A26FDF8FA30FD7AF9D9" author="Sars, G. O." box="[573,703,1534,1560]" journalOrPublisher="Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida, Bergen" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref330626" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species, Vol. 8. Copepoda. Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. 1 - 37." title="An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species, Vol. 8. Copepoda" type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921)</bibRefCitation>
in our morphological concept of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FE6AF9EEFDC8F9F8" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[431,525,1567,1593]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FE6AF9EEFDC8F9F8" box="[431,525,1567,1593]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF423A26FF78F98FFD4EF9BF" blockId="19.[136,778,173,1662]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The ascidians
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FEACF98FFDD8F99A" box="[361,541,1601,1627]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleizei">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FEACF98FFDD8F99A" box="[361,541,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Molgula bleizei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FD9AF98CFD1EF99A" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1955" box="[607,731,1602,1627]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FD9AF98CFD1EF99A" box="[607,731,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. scutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are reported here as new host records of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF423A26FDE0F9AAFD41F9BC" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1859" box="[549,644,1635,1662]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Notodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FDE0F9AAFDFDF9BC" box="[549,568,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF423A26FD83F9ADFD41F9BC" box="[582,644,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>