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<document id="41EA2FCE31B282A6CD7943D1701DD978" ID-CLB-Dataset="32358" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4309.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f5a96f72-1549-41e7-9cf7-f282c66d73b6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="846180" ID-ZooBank="C5C20BC9-B99C-47D0-970E-07E20D13CF72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503303065342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fasbender, Andrew &amp; Courtney, Gregory W." docDate="2017" docId="03C18797435FC735FF33FA4DFE0B013D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4309.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4309 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander. All 1953" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFF8FFEF4369C702FFA4FF89FFC10262" masterDocTitle="A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698466984790" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0855AB0B96C59E0E93630D80F28B1389">A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC9F0531742E94C67F8E7BDE0786344A">Fasbender, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F680F4E5C7E17FA55D8DAFFA3C8E0CE">Courtney, Gregory W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D341E99BEF98AF7F27928859B241D3DC">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C18797435FC735FF33FA4DFE0B013D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6027756" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132786176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6027756" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18797435FC735FF33FA4DFE0B013D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C18797435FC735FF33FA4DFE0B013D" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<subSubSection id="C372650A435FC734FF33FA4DFD6607BC" box="[151,679,1476,1502]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD73681435FC734FF33FA4DFD6607BC" blockId="54.[151,679,1476,1502]" box="[151,679,1476,1502]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D09F81ED435FC734FF33FA4DFD6607BC" bold="true" box="[151,679,1476,1502]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02435FC734FF33FA4DFD6607BC" ID-CoL="LXQC" authority="Alexander 1953" authorityName="Alexander. All" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,679,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435FC734FF33FA4DFD6607BC" bold="true" box="[151,679,1476,1502]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435FC734FF33FA4DFE1A07BC" bold="true" box="[151,475,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bittacomorphella thaiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B70435FC734FE47FA4DFD6607BC" author="Alexander" box="[483,679,1476,1502]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1953) Undescribed species of nematocerous Diptera. Part III. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 48, 97 - 103." type="journal article" year="1953">Alexander 1953</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372650A435FC734FF33F982FD6B0443" box="[151,682,1547,1569]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD73681435FC734FF33F982FD6B0443" blockId="54.[151,682,1547,1569]" box="[151,682,1547,1569]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811AF435FC734FF33F982FD6B0443" box="[151,682,1547,1569]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02435FC734FF33F982FDBC0443" ID-CoL="LXQC" authority="Alexander, 1953: 98" authorityName="Alexander. All" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,637,1547,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435FC734FF33F982FE690443" box="[151,424,1547,1569]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bittacomorphella thaiensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC91090435FC734FE0BF982FDBC0443" author="Alexander" box="[431,637,1547,1569]" page="98" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B70435FC734FE0BF982FD9B0443" author="Alexander" box="[431,602,1547,1569]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1953) Undescribed species of nematocerous Diptera. Part III. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 48, 97 - 103." type="journal article" year="1953">Alexander, 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 98
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
99.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372650A435FC734FF33F9C4FBA004EE" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD73681435FC734FF33F9C4FBA004EE" blockId="54.[151,1437,1613,2037]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435FC734FF33F9C4FEA20404" bold="true" box="[151,355,1613,1638]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis. Adult</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13532A04435FC734FEDDF9C4FE0F0404" box="[377,462,1613,1638]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bittacomorphine male wings. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes; b. Bi. occidentalis; c. Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander; d. Bl. sackenii Von Röder; e. Bl. furcata sp. nov.; f. Bl. esakii Tokunaga; g. Bl. fenderiana; h. Bl. jonesi Johnson; i. Bl. nipponensis Alexander; d. Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander. All scale bars 1 mm except “ b ” (2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846194/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
j,
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FE4EF9C4FDD20404" box="[490,531,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="g" value="17.0">17g</quantity>
h). Clypeus length and width subequal, maxillary palpus reduced for four segments; wing without macrotrichia, legs with white confined to 2nd &amp; 3rd tarsomeres.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372650A435FC735FF63F911FD990001" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD73681435FC735FF63F911FD990001" blockId="54.[151,1437,1613,2037]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1437,151,863]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435FC734FF63F911FE9804D3" bold="true" box="[199,345,1688,1713]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Description.</emphasis>
Larvae and pupae unknown.
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435FC734FD0EF911FD3704D3" bold="true" box="[682,758,1688,1713]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Adult.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435FC734FD5AF910FC2A04D2" box="[766,1003,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Measurements (n=1)</emphasis>
. Overall length
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FB00F911FAD304D3" box="[1188,1298,1688,1713]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.045" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="10.45">10.45mm</quantity>
; head width
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FF33F934FF3704B7" box="[151,246,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.199999999999999" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.72">0.72mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FEF2F935FE7404B7" box="[342,437,1724,1749]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65mm</quantity>
, length
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FDB0F934FDB404B7" box="[532,629,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47mm</quantity>
; antenna flagellum length (female)
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FBB1F934FBB404B7" box="[1045,1141,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.89" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="2.89">2.89mm</quantity>
, flagellomere proportions 1.00, 0.90, 0.90, 0.90, 0.90, 0.90, 0.81, 0.86, 0.72, 0.72, 0.68, 0.72, 0.72, 0.59, 0.59, 0.5, 0.5, 0.14; maxillary palpus length
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FF4DF88CFE89057F" box="[233,328,1797,1821]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.81">0.81mm</quantity>
, segment proportions 0.09, 1, 1.28, 1.47; thorax length
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FC45F88CFB81057F" box="[993,1088,1797,1821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.28">1.28mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FB06F88DFAC3057F" box="[1186,1282,1796,1821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.54">1.54mm</quantity>
; wing length
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FF33F8A1FF370523" box="[151,246,1832,1857]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.80mm</quantity>
, width:
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FEF1F8A1FE750522" box="[341,436,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.37" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.37">1.37mm</quantity>
; leg proportions, femur 1.0, 1.08, 1.20; tibia 0.95, 0.97, 1.06; tarsomeres, foreleg 0.65, 0.21, 0.15, 0.02, 0.02; midleg 0.57, 0.18, 0.12, 0.03, 0.03; hindleg 0.75, 0.23, 0.15, 0.02, 0.02; abdomen length:
<quantity id="4C909B64435FC734FF33F8F9FF3605EA" box="[151,247,1904,1928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.80mm</quantity>
. Frons medial suture weakly developed. Antennal scape with three setiform sensilla midway along anterior margin; 18 Flagellomeres. Face narrow, incised by clypeo-labrum to antennal bases. Clypeous broad, lateral margins narrowing beyond eye, length and width subequal. Maxillary palpus reduced to four segments. Hypopharynx triangular flattened, directed anteriorly. Labium xtending beyond clypeus. Labella D-shaped partially fused medially, forming pad. Antepronotum weakly developed, low ridge. Scutum glabrous, chocolate brown; prescutellum absent. Scutellum subcircular, muddy yellow. Mediotergite ruddy-brown, pollinose. Paratergite ovoid tapering at apices. Anepisternal cleft triangular, extending anteroventrally, well sclerotized; anepisternal suture absent. Suture of epimeron and metapleuron discernible only ventrally. Metapleural suture complete, sinuous arc; setose prominence below halter. Pleurites glabrous chocolate, with reduced pollinosity. Macrotrichia absent from wing. Alula absent. Posthalter poorly developed bump. Coxae yellow, overall leg coloration brown; single white band confined to distal tip of 1st, 2nd &amp; 3rd tarsomeres. Empodium notched posteriorly. Abdomen light brown.
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435EC735FD93FE1FFD5203CD" box="[567,659,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Female.</emphasis>
Epigynum flat, subtrapezoidal tapering towards posterior margin; posterior margin straight. Cercus with dorsal margin straight, ventral margin straight posteriorly, narrowing at base, apical sensilla not evident; cercus to epigynium ratio 1.25, 1; cercus height:length 1, 3; narrowing at base. Hypoproct and genital fork not visible on specimens examined. Hypogynium narrow, posterior corners truncate triangular lobes; medial knoblike prominence centrally located just below posterior margin, hypogynial valves weakly developed, medial notch absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372650A435EC735FF63FDE7FB870159" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD73681435EC735FF63FDE7FC9B00C9" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,863]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC435EC735FF63FDE7FC9B00C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248123" collectingDate="1953-01-01" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Prayoon C. &amp; Same" country="Thailand" elevation="914" location="Doi Chom Cheng" municipality="Material" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="CHIANG MAI" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435EC735FF63FDE7FD2400E5" bold="true" box="[199,741,622,647]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3ACFB435EC735FF63FDE7FEEE00E5" box="[199,303,622,647]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Material</collectingMunicipality>
examined.
<typeStatus id="54D38823435EC735FE61FDE7FDF500E5" box="[453,564,622,647]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="F37F7611435EC735FDE3FDE7FD2100E5" box="[583,736,622,647]" name="Thailand" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49ACF863435EC735FD57FDE6FC6900E5" box="[755,936,623,647]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">CHIANG MAI</collectingRegion>
.
<location id="8EB7605A435EC735FC1EFDE7FB5100E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18797435FC735FF33FA4DFE0B013D:8EB7605A435EC735FC1EFDE7FB5100E5" box="[954,1168,622,647]" country="Thailand" municipality="Material" name="Doi Chom Cheng" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="CHIANG MAI">Doi Chom Cheng</location>
,
<elevation id="0045D1B2435EC735FB06FDE6FB3E00E5" box="[1186,1279,622,647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
<quantity id="4C909B64435EC735FB06FDE6FB3E00E5" box="[1186,1279,622,647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft</quantity>
</elevation>
.,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A9435EC735FAB2FDE7FA9600E5" box="[1302,1367,622,647]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1953-01-01">
<date id="FFD61041435EC735FAB2FDE7FA9600E5" box="[1302,1367,622,647]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1953-01-01">1.i.53</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D5357435EC735FF33FD1AFED400C9" box="[151,277,659,683]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Prayoon C.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435EC735FEB8FD1BFE5100C9" bold="true" box="[284,400,658,683]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<typeStatus id="54D38823435EC735FEB8FD1BFE4A00C9" box="[284,395,658,683]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="269D5357435EC735FE33FD1AFE1400C9" box="[407,469,659,683]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Same</collectorName>
as
<typeStatus id="54D38823435EC735FE5EFD1BFD9D00C9" box="[506,604,658,683]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
[pinned
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD08435EC735FD64FD1AFD2A00C8" box="[704,747,659,683]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE44435EC735FD5CFD1AFC8E00C9" box="[760,847,659,683]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">USNM</collectionCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73681435EC735FF63FD3FFB870159" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,863]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435EC735FF63FD3FFE5F00AD" bold="true" box="[199,414,694,719]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02435EC735FE0AFD3FFD2400AD" authorityName="Alexander. All" authorityYear="1953" box="[430,741,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435EC735FE0AFD3FFD2400AD" box="[430,741,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bittacomorphella thaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily separated from other
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02435EC735FBDFFD3FFAFE00AD" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityYear="1965" box="[1147,1343,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435EC735FBDFFD3FFAFE00AD" box="[1147,1343,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bittacomorphella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of a wing membrane lacking macrotrichia and one white band on the leg. Alexanders 1953 description notes that the
<typeStatus id="54D38823435EC735FE1FFC89FDDA017A" box="[443,539,768,792]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
has a locality of, “Near Wat at Doi Sutep, Chengmai,
<date id="FFD61041435EC735FB2DFD77FAEF0175" box="[1161,1326,766,791]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1953-02">February 1953</date>
(Deed C. Thurman).” However, the
<typeStatus id="54D38823435EC735FE1AFCAAFDDE0159" box="[446,543,803,827]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is labeled with the same locality as the
<typeStatus id="54D38823435EC735FC78FCABFB830159" box="[988,1090,802,827]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372650A435EC735FF63FCCFFE0B013D" box="[199,458,838,863]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD73681435EC735FF63FCCFFE0B013D" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,863]" box="[199,458,838,863]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B91CEA93435EC735FF63FCCFFEA1013D" bold="true" box="[199,352,838,863]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution.</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13532A04435EC735FEC3FCCFFE78013D" box="[359,441,838,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,913,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,913,1865]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 20. Asian Bittacomorphella distributions. a. Bl. thaiensis (star) and Bl. esakii (circle); b. Bl. nipponensis. Stars indicates type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846220/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
a.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>