742 lines
86 KiB
XML
742 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document id="C3956C69B5A60650F0208E453A8D6CB0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275181" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9e1db1fd-9700-47e2-9074-b995f2180821" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275181" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461108449825" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rhodin, Anders G. J. & Carr, John L." docDate="2009" docId="03C0A40BFF9DFFE089FCDDC65D22DF07" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02226p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2226" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Testudo scabra Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFF9DC73FF9AFFEB896BDE20584DDE4B" masterDocTitle="A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698593903055" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8B962EB0659A8CC590835F4FD947A7CF">A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8F2A6B40E3D0CF6BBAA5BE1CEA50C2C9">Rhodin, Anders G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9ABA291F608ABF935801C2D0ADC3295F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="88898DC5AF4686DBBADFC726E40C29F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5F4FF5786AD9F28BA6A517F3AAB40997">Carr, John L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="532089F0AC16BE8383E030D0C67B962A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5783009B9D5CAA5CF1B8AAE6D541D60F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A5616A9CA3861A71DB0C1218512C0EB2">
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<mods:date id="91309C53CFE6A865F32F131ABDE6D153">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="593AD2E8386FAEA9CACC9BEE8925C0DA">2226</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="75567407AB612C68E1B3038B5B10960F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275181</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6DB5D10019B6ADE10EC29DCCD48F132C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="57D84A1CAA1AB215A9F73CB342974902" type="Zenodo-Dep">275181</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C0A40BFF9DFFE089FCDDC65D22DF07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6222634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623853" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6222634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0A40BFF9DFFE089FCDDC65D22DF07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0A40BFF9DFFE089FCDDC65D22DF07" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C3734696FF9DFFEC89FCDDC65CF2D8FF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF9DFFEC89FCDDC65A4ADA4B" blockId="7.[151,519,998,1024]" box="[151,519,998,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D09EA271FF9DFFEC89FCDDC65A4ADA4B" bold="true" box="[151,519,998,1024]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC89FCDDC65A4ADA4B" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,519,998,1024]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC89FCDDC65A4ADA4B" bold="true" box="[151,519,998,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC89FCDDC65901DA4B" bold="true" box="[151,332,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Testudo scabra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8838DDC65A4ADA4B" author="Linnaeus" box="[339,519,998,1024]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. [10 th Ed.]. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Laurentii Salvii, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF9DFFEC89FCDA105CF2D8FF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1072,1987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The original
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF9DFFEC885FDA105925DA01" box="[308,360,1072,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF9DFFEC889ADA105A13DA01" box="[497,606,1072,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8BFBDA105B4CDA02" box="[656,769,1072,1097]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8BFBDA105B4CDA02" box="[656,769,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. 1758 was donated to Carl Linnaeus for his personal collection by Jonas Alströmer in 1749 [Alströmer was a Swedish industrialist and co-founder with Linnaeus of the Swedish Academy of Sciences] and became part of the combined Alströmer/Linnaeus collections later donated by Linnaeus to the Museum in Uppsala (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8B80DA845C66DAF5" author="Linne" box="[747,1067,1188,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Linne, C. v., Jr. & Thunberg, C. P. (1780) Inventeringen pa Academiska i Horto Botanico varande Museum [In Swedish]. Handwritten Catalogue at Uppsala University Zoological Museum. Uppsala, Sweden, pp." type="book" year="1780">Linné and Thunberg 1780</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8D53DA845CBDDAF5" author="Thunberg" box="[1080,1264,1188,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1785 - 1817) Donat. Animal. Thunberg. Animalia. 1. Mammalia, 2. Aves, 3. Amphibia, 4. Pisces, 5. Insecta, 6. Vermes, donata a Car. Pet. Thunberg 1785 - 1817. 8. Donatio 1785 seqqv. Caroli Petri Thunberg. Uppsala: Handwritten Catalogue at Uppsala University Zoological Museum, 180 pp." type="book" year="1785">
|
||
Thunberg
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF9DFFEC8DDFDA845CBDDAF5" box="[1204,1264,1188,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1785" valueMax="1817">1785</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1817, 1787a,
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF9DFFEC89FCDAEA5969DAAF" box="[151,292,1226,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1808" valueMax="1815">1808–1815</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8859DAEA59BEDAAF" author="Lonnberg" box="[306,499,1226,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Lonnberg, E. (1896) Linnean type-specimens of birds, reptiles, batrachians and fishes in the Zoological Museum of the R. University in Upsala. Bihang Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Handlingar, 22, 4, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1896">Lönnberg 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8B6ADAEA5ADDDAAF" author="Holm" box="[513,656,1226,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" refString="Holm, A. (1957) Specimina Linnaeana. I Uppsala bevarade zoologiska samlingar fran Linnes tid [In Swedish with English summary]. Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift, 1957, 6, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Holm 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8BF5DAEA5B76DAAF" author="Wallin" box="[670,827,1226,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" refString="Wallin, L. (1992) Linnaean specimens in the Zoological Museum of Uppsala University. Archives of Natural History, 19, 219 - 230." type="journal article" year="1992">Wallin 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). After Linnaeus died in 1778, the specimen was catalogued in 1780 by his son and curatorial successor, Carl von Linné, Jr., as being in the Linnaean collection as their single specimen of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8888DB385AD9DB7A" authority="Linne and Thunberg 1780" authorityName="Linne and Thunberg" authorityYear="1780" box="[483,660,1304,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8888DB385AD9DB7A" box="[483,660,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Testudo scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8BDBDB385BA8DB79" author="Linne" box="[688,997,1304,1330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Linne, C. v., Jr. & Thunberg, C. P. (1780) Inventeringen pa Academiska i Horto Botanico varande Museum [In Swedish]. Handwritten Catalogue at Uppsala University Zoological Museum. Uppsala, Sweden, pp." type="book" year="1780">Linné and Thunberg 1780</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and that it was at that time stored in alcohol. After Linné died in 1784, this specimen was catalogued as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8A9FDB1F5C2ADB13" box="[1012,1127,1343,1368]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8A9FDB1F5C2ADB13" box="[1012,1127,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
α Α
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8DC9DB1F5CF7DB13" box="[1186,1210,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L.</emphasis>
|
||
” by his curatorial successor, Carl Petter
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC88CEDB455AA8DB34" author="Thunberg" box="[421,741,1381,1407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1808 - 1815) Animalia Academiae Upsaliensis. General-Cataloge pa Upsala Akademies Djur-Samling. Uppsala: Handwritten Catalogue at Uppsala University Zoological Museum, 258 pp." type="book" year="1808">
|
||
Thunberg (Thunberg
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF9DFFEC8BC2DB455AA8DB34" box="[681,741,1381,1407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1808" valueMax="1815">1808</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1815) indicating that the specimen had been donated by Alströmer, and distinguishing it from two specimens, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8A4ADBAC5B98DBED" authority="Th." authorityName="Th." box="[801,981,1417,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8A4ADBAC5BC2DBEE" box="[801,911,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
β
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8AC4DBAC5B83DBEE" box="[943,974,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8ABEDBAC5BACDBEE" box="[981,993,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">"</emphasis>
|
||
and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8D42DBAC5C96DBEE" authority="Th." authorityName="Th." box="[1065,1243,1418,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8D42DBAC5CDBDBEE" box="[1065,1174,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
γ
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8DD8DBAC5C96DBEE" box="[1203,1243,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
," donated to the collection in 1785 by Thunberg himself (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8B15DB925B7BDB87" author="Thunberg" box="[638,822,1458,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1785 - 1817) Donat. Animal. Thunberg. Animalia. 1. Mammalia, 2. Aves, 3. Amphibia, 4. Pisces, 5. Insecta, 6. Vermes, donata a Car. Pet. Thunberg 1785 - 1817. 8. Donatio 1785 seqqv. Caroli Petri Thunberg. Uppsala: Handwritten Catalogue at Uppsala University Zoological Museum, 180 pp." type="book" year="1785">
|
||
Thunberg
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF9DFFEC8B90DB925B7BDB87" box="[763,822,1458,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1785" valueMax="1817">1785</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1817). Later, the original Alströmer specimen was labeled “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC886CDBF9598FDBB9" authority="Linn. Mus" authorityName="Linn. Mus" box="[263,450,1497,1522]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC886CDBF9598FDBB9" box="[263,450,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Testudo scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
α
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC888CDBF95A29DBB9" box="[487,612,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Linn.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8B5BDBF95A29DBB9" box="[560,612,1497,1522]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.” by Thunberg, reaffirming that it had come specifically from the Alströmer/Linnaeus donation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8B65D8205AE6D851" author="Wallin" box="[526,683,1536,1562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" refString="Wallin, L. (1992) Linnaean specimens in the Zoological Museum of Uppsala University. Archives of Natural History, 19, 219 - 230." type="journal article" year="1992">Wallin 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thunberg labeled the two subsequent specimens of what he considered to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8809D807599DD80B" box="[354,464,1575,1600]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8809D807599DD80B" box="[354,464,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8B6DD8075B6AD80B" authority="Mus. Thunb." authorityName="Mus. Thunb." box="[518,807,1572,1601]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8B6DD8075A39D80B" box="[518,628,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
β
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8BFFD8075B6FD80B" box="[660,802,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mus. Thunb</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8A14D8075CD1D80B" authority="Mus. Thunb." authorityName="Mus. Thunb." box="[895,1180,1572,1600]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8A14D8075BA1D80B" box="[895,1004,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
γ
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8D62D8075CDAD80B" box="[1033,1175,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mus. Thunb</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” Sometime later, but prior to 1817, Thunberg donated another specimen that he catalogued as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8A98D86D5D46D82C" authority="Mus. Thunb." authorityName="Mus. Thunb." box="[1011,1291,1611,1640]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8A98D86D5C12D82D" box="[1011,1119,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
δ
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8D11D86D5D4BD82D" box="[1146,1286,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mus. Thunb</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8C43D86D589ED8C5" author="Thunberg" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1785 - 1817) Donat. Animal. Thunberg. Animalia. 1. Mammalia, 2. Aves, 3. Amphibia, 4. Pisces, 5. Insecta, 6. Vermes, donata a Car. Pet. Thunberg 1785 - 1817. 8. Donatio 1785 seqqv. Caroli Petri Thunberg. Uppsala: Handwritten Catalogue at Uppsala University Zoological Museum, 180 pp." type="book" year="1785">
|
||
Thunberg
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF9DFFEC89FCD854589ED8C5" box="[151,211,1652,1678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1785" valueMax="1817">1785</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1817). The same catalogues (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8B5DD8545AA1D8C5" author="Thunberg" box="[566,748,1652,1678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1785 - 1817) Donat. Animal. Thunberg. Animalia. 1. Mammalia, 2. Aves, 3. Amphibia, 4. Pisces, 5. Insecta, 6. Vermes, donata a Car. Pet. Thunberg 1785 - 1817. 8. Donatio 1785 seqqv. Caroli Petri Thunberg. Uppsala: Handwritten Catalogue at Uppsala University Zoological Museum, 180 pp." type="book" year="1785">
|
||
Thunberg
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF9DFFEC8BDAD8545AA1D8C5" box="[689,748,1652,1678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1785" valueMax="1817">1785</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1817,
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF9DFFEC8A28D8545B84D8C5" box="[835,969,1652,1678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1808" valueMax="1815">1808–1815</date>
|
||
) also list the donation by Thunberg of a single specimen of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC88ECD8BB5A6ED8FF" authority="Th." authorityName="Th." box="[391,547,1691,1716]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC88ECD8BB5A6ED8FF" box="[391,547,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scripta Th.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF9DFFEC8B02D8BA5AD6D8FF" box="[617,667,1690,1716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8BA8D8BB5C65D8FF" authority="Schoepff 1792" authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1792" box="[707,1064,1690,1716]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8BA8D8BB5B3BD8FF" box="[707,886,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Testudo scripta</emphasis>
|
||
Schoepff 1792
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3734696FF9DFFE089AED8E15D22DF07" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF9DFFEC89AED8E158A0D988" blockId="7.[151,1437,1072,1987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Sometime during the 1800s the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF9DFFEC8B25D8E15AF4D890" box="[590,697,1729,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was removed from alcohol storage and dried out.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8C4CD8E15946D949" author="Lonnberg" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Lonnberg, E. (1896) Linnean type-specimens of birds, reptiles, batrachians and fishes in the Zoological Museum of the R. University in Upsala. Bihang Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Handlingar, 22, 4, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1896">Lönnberg (1896:34)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF9DFFEC88DCD8C859A7D949" box="[439,490,1768,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8BECD8C85AB9D94A" box="[647,756,1768,1793]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8BECD8C85AB9D94A" box="[647,756,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. and noted that it was “quite young, dried and in a very bad condition.” He noted further that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF9DFFEC8B36D92E5B2AD963" author="Boulenger" box="[605,871,1806,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="15" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1889) Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). London, UK: Trustees of the Museum, 311 pp." type="book" year="1889">Boulenger (1889:121)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8D21D92F5CF7D963" box="[1098,1210,1807,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8D21D92F5CF7D963" box="[1098,1210,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. with a question mark under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8845D91559A6D905" box="[302,491,1845,1870]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Nicoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trijuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8845D91559A6D905" box="[302,491,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nicoria trijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(presently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8B11D9155BC9D905" box="[634,900,1845,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trijuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8B11D9155BC9D905" box="[634,900,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Melanochelys trijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but disagreed with this, noting that “it is possible that [the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF9DFFEC880ED97C59D6D93D" box="[357,411,1884,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
] is a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC88BDD97C5A62D93E" box="[470,559,1884,1909]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Nicoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC88BDD97C5A62D93E" box="[470,559,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nicoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8BF7D97C5B37D93E" box="[668,890,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8BF7D97C5A8ED93D" bold="true" box="[668,707,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">not</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8BA1D97C5B37D93E" box="[714,890,1884,1909]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Nicoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trijuga">Nicoria trijuga</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.” However, most subsequent authors followed Boulenger’s lead (without examining the specimen) and continued to place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC8D77D9A35CC7D9D7" box="[1052,1162,1923,1948]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC8D77D9A35CC7D9D7" box="[1052,1162,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF9DFFEC89FCD98958AAD989" box="[151,231,1961,1986]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Nicoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trijuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF9DFFEC89FCD98958AAD989" box="[151,231,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">trijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF92FFE389FCDB0F5B25DBE5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1327,1455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE389FCDB0F5951DB0C" bold="true" box="[151,284,1327,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF92FFE3884FDB0F5917DB0D" box="[292,346,1327,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF92FFE388BDDB0F5A75DB0D" box="[470,568,1327,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38B0DDB105BAADB0D" authority="Linnaeus 1758:198" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="198" authorityYear="1758" box="[614,999,1327,1351]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE38B0DDB105B46DB0C" box="[614,779,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Testudo scabra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF92FFE38A78DB0F5BF4DB0D" author="Linnaeus" box="[787,953,1327,1350]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="16" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. [10 th Ed.]. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Laurentii Salvii, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:198
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, donated by Jonas Alströmer in 1749 to Carl Linnaeus and then later by Linnaeus to the Uppsala University Museum of Zoology (UUZM Linné Collection 129), dried hatchling, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF92FFE38801DB5559FBDBC7" box="[362,438,1397,1420]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
|
||
straight CL. The original tag by Carl Petter Thunberg from ca. 1785 reads “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38D88DB555DC9DBC7" authority="Mus" authorityName="Mus" box="[1251,1412,1397,1420]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE38D88DB555DC9DBC7" box="[1251,1412,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Testudo scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
α
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE389FCDBB8594EDBE4" box="[151,259,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE389FCDBB85885DBE4" box="[151,200,1432,1455]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Linn
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.” This specimen represents a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38B28DBB85B2CDBE4" box="[579,865,1432,1455]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE38B28DBB85B2CDBE4" box="[579,865,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rhinoclemmys punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF92FFE389AEDBFD5BCFD80F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1501,2029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF92FFE389AEDBFD5928DBBC" author="Holm" box="[197,357,1501,1527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="16" refString="Holm, A. (1957) Specimina Linnaeana. I Uppsala bevarade zoologiska samlingar fran Linnes tid [In Swedish with English summary]. Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift, 1957, 6, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Holm (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF92FFE38B4BDBFD5AC1DBBC" box="[544,652,1501,1527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was still present in the Uppsala museum and had by then been catalogued as Linné Collection no. 129. The specimen (with its original Thunberg tag) is still extant in the collection, and is badly preserved as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF92FFE38BD8D80A5B33D80F" author="Lonnberg" box="[691,894,1578,1604]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" refString="Lonnberg, E. (1896) Linnean type-specimens of birds, reptiles, batrachians and fishes in the Zoological Museum of the R. University in Upsala. Bihang Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Handlingar, 22, 4, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1896">Lönnberg (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF92FFE389AED87159E3D931" blockId="8.[151,1437,1501,2029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF92FFE388D4D8715A61D820" box="[447,556,1617,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38B33D8715B95D820" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[600,984,1617,1643]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE38B33D8715B5BD821" box="[600,790,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Testudo scabra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF92FFE38A74D8715B95D820" author="Linnaeus" box="[799,984,1617,1643]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="16" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. [10 th Ed.]. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Laurentii Salvii, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UUZM Linné Collection no. 129), illustrated here for the first time (Fig. 5), indicates that it is not referable to eight of the nine nominal species with which the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE388CFD8BE59B5D8FC" box="[420,504,1694,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE388CFD8BE59B5D8FC" box="[420,504,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has previously been synonymized, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38A86D8BE5CB8D8FC" box="[1005,1269,1694,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trijuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE38A86D8BE5CB8D8FC" box="[1005,1269,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melanochelys trijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE38C6DD8BE5D16D895" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38C6DD8BE58B9D895" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrufa">Pelomedusa subrufa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38995D8E55987D895" box="[254,458,1733,1758]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbicularis">Emys orbicularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE388BED8E55AE3D895" box="[469,686,1733,1758]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">Trachemys scripta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38BD1D8E55BE7D895" box="[698,938,1733,1758]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Glyptemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insculpta">Glyptemys insculpta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38ADDD8E55C8DD895" box="[950,1216,1733,1758]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Cylindraspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vosmaeri">Cylindraspis vosmaeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38DA7D8E55D1AD895" box="[1228,1367,1733,1758]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peltastes">C. peltastes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38CEAD8E558ADD94E" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE38CEAD8E558ADD94E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We have instead identified the specimen as belonging to the ninth species with which it has previously been synonymized,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE388E8D9325B34D967" authority="Daudin 1801" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1801" box="[387,889,1810,1836]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE388E8D9325A8CD960" box="[387,705,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rhinoclemmys punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF92FFE38BBAD9325B3DD967" author="Daudin" box="[721,880,1810,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Daudin, F. M. (1801) Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere, des Reptiles. Tome Second. Paris, France: Dufart, 432 pp." type="book" year="1801">Daudin 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on comparison with all nine species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE389FCD919591CD919" box="[151,337,1849,1874]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE389FCD919591CD919" box="[151,337,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rhinoclemmys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 13 genera of Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF92FFE38BFBD9195B0DD918" box="[656,832,1849,1875]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geoemydidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF92FFE38A39D9195B97D918" author="Carr" box="[850,986,1849,1875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Carr, J. L. 1991. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Neotropical Turtle Genus Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger (Testudines: Emydidae). Ph. D. dissertation. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, xx + 290 pp." type="book" year="1991">Carr 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Vetter and van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF92FFE38DC6D9195D7ED918" author="Dijk" box="[1197,1331,1849,1875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Vetter, H. & van Dijk, P. P. (2006) Turtles of the World. Volume 4. East and South Asia. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Edition Chimaira, 160 pp." type="book" year="2006">Dijk 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Rueda- Almonacid
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF92FFE3884BD9405916D932" box="[288,347,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF92FFE289AED9A65AA5DF07" blockId="8.[151,1437,1501,2029]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,2026]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The specimen itself is a small, dry, somewhat shriveled hatchling currently measuring approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF92FFE38C15D9A6588BD98C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
|
||
straight CL (Fig. 5). The carapace dorsum is brown, with the undersides of the marginal scutes and plastron periphery a yellow color, with a large black figure in the center of the plastron. Soft parts of the limbs, head and neck are shriveled and appear nearly black, except that the dorsal and lateral portions of the head exhibit lighter-colored (yellowish) stripes. Diagnostically important parts of the head color pattern and bridge region are somewhat obscured by the poorly-preserved state of the specimen; however, through a careful and thorough examination of many externally visible characteristics of the specimen we were able to restrict the identification to a single species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28B5DDF125AACDF00" box="[566,737,306,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28B5DDF125AACDF00" box="[566,737,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhinoclemmys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF93FFE289FCDF795933DC65" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The following combination of characters identify the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF93FFE28A29DF795BFDDF38" box="[834,944,345,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
as belonging to the testudinoid family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE289FCDF5E5977DFD3" box="[151,314,382,408]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geoemydidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE2889FDF5E5A26DFD3" box="[500,619,382,408]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Emydidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28BFFDF5E5B63DFD3" box="[660,814,382,408]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Testudinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1) contact between marginal scutes and the pectoral and abdominal scutes on the bridge; 2) hatchling size>
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28A4ADF845B3ADFF5" box="[801,887,420,446]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
; 3) presence of a nuchal scute; 4) presence of a vertebral keel; 5) presence of two axillary scutes; 6) plastral coloration a dark, centrally located, longitudinal band that extends from the gular scutes to the posterior end of the plastron; and 7) presence of five separate digits of the manus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF93FFE289AEDC195A28DDE4" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Now restricted to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE288ADDC195A21DC18" box="[454,620,569,595]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geoemydidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and acknowledging that no single characteristic is diagnostic for the genus, we can further identify the specimen as belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28AC5DC405C25DC32" box="[942,1128,608,633]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28AC5DC405C25DC32" box="[942,1128,608,633]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhinoclemmys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the following combination of characteristics: 1) lateral keel present in the form of a discontinuous, longitudinally oriented keratinous ridge on the costal scute areolae; 2) relatively weak degree of serration of the posterior marginal scutes; 3) presence of an anal notch; 4) dark central plastral coloration not extending across the anterior portion of the gular scutes, but extending around the anal notch; 5) presence of two relatively small axillary scutes; 6) contact between the humeral scute and posterior axillary scute; 7) ventral portions of marginal scutes 4, 5, and 6 contact the plastral scutes (pectoral and/or abdominal) on the bridge (and marginal 7 would apparently contact the abdominal); and 8) presence of a narrow zygomatic arch (“excavated dorsally and ventrally” as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF93FFE288A4DDB55A15DDE4" author="Feuer" box="[463,600,917,943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Feuer, R. C. (1970) Key to the skulls of Recent adult North and Central American turtles. Journal of Herpetology, 4, 69 - 75." type="journal article" year="1970">Feuer 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF93FFE289AEDD9C59BAD904" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Features of the specimen that indicate probable identification as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28AAEDD9C5C3DDD9E" box="[965,1136,956,981]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28AAEDD9C5C3DDD9E" box="[965,1136,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are [comparison to other nominal species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE288EFDDC25A79DDB0" box="[388,564,994,1019]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE288EFDDC25A79DDB0" box="[388,564,994,1019]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhinoclemmys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in brackets]: 1) the CL of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28D5ADDC25CF9DDB7" box="[1073,1204,994,1020]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="44.0">44–49 mm</quantity>
|
||
is close to the size range known for hatchlings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28B68DA295AE3DA69" box="[515,686,1033,1058]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28B68DA295AE3DA69" box="[515,686,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e., smallest =
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28A1ADA295B89DA68" box="[881,964,1033,1059]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
|
||
and average =
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28D11DA295CB7DA68" box="[1146,1274,1033,1059]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="57.0" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="56.0">56–58 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF93FFE28C62DA295DDADA68" author="Ewert" box="[1289,1431,1033,1059]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Ewert, M. A. (1979) The embryo and its egg: Development and natural history. In: M. Harless & H. Morlock (Eds), Turtles: Perspectives and Research. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, pp. 333 - 413." type="book chapter" year="1979">Ewert 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF93FFE289FCDA1059BEDA01" author="Pritchard" box="[151,499,1072,1098]" pageId="9" pageNumber="17" refString="Pritchard, P. C. H. & Trebbau, P. (1984) The Turtles of Venezuela (Vol. 2). Oxford, OH: SSAR, x + 403 pp." type="book" year="1984">Pritchard and Trebbau 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [other known hatchling sizes are:
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28AC1DA105C62DA01" box="[938,1071,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="43.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="35.0">35–51 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28D29DA105CB0DA02" box="[1090,1277,1072,1097]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28D29DA105CB0DA02" box="[1090,1277,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28C72DA105D22DA01" box="[1305,1391,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28CE9DA105958DA3B" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diademata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28CE9DA105958DA3B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. diademata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28845DA7659CEDA3B" box="[302,387,1110,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28B63DA775A37DA3B" box="[520,634,1111,1136]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28B63DA775A37DA3B" box="[520,634,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. rubida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28BFFDA765B59DA3B" box="[660,788,1110,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="49.0" valueMax="59.0" valueMin="39.0">39–59 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28A4DDA775BA7DA3B" box="[806,1002,1111,1136]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosterna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28A4DDA775BA7DA3B" box="[806,1002,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. melanosterna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28D6FDA765C14DA3B" box="[1028,1113,1110,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28DB5DA775D29DA3B" box="[1246,1380,1111,1136]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28DB5DA775D29DA3B" box="[1246,1380,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. areolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28C15DA765888DADC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE2882EDA5D59F3DADD" box="[325,446,1149,1174]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="funerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE2882EDA5D59F3DADD" box="[325,446,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. funerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF93FFE28B63DA5D5A17DADC" box="[520,602,1149,1175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28BB1DA5D5B2EDADD" box="[730,867,1149,1174]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28BB1DA5D5B2EDADD" box="[730,867,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (mostly
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF93FFE28ABFDA5D5C2EDADC" author="Ewert" box="[980,1123,1149,1175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refString="Ewert, M. A. (1979) The embryo and its egg: Development and natural history. In: M. Harless & H. Morlock (Eds), Turtles: Perspectives and Research. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, pp. 333 - 413." type="book chapter" year="1979">Ewert 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]; 2) the maxillary tomium is notched in the midline with a cusp on each side [characteristic of all but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28D67DA845CD8DAF6" box="[1036,1173,1188,1213]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28D67DA845CD8DAF6" box="[1036,1173,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28DA4DA845D73DAF6" box="[1231,1342,1188,1213]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28DA4DA845D73DAF6" box="[1231,1342,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. rubida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; 3) the dark central plastron color does not extend across the anterior portion of the gular scutes, but does extend around the anal notch, with a yellow margin laterally and anteriorly [typical of most of the genus, but it is typically narrower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE288FFDB385A0BDB7A" box="[404,582,1304,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE288FFDB385A0BDB7A" box="[404,582,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28B14DB385AA3DB7A" box="[639,750,1304,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28B14DB385AA3DB7A" box="[639,750,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. rubida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; a different, blotched pattern is found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28DBBDB385D72DB7A" box="[1232,1343,1304,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28DBBDB385D72DB7A" box="[1232,1343,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; 4) the relative lack of dark pigmentation on the ventral surfaces of the marginal scutes [more extensive in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28CE9DB1F594EDB35" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28CE9DB1F594EDB35" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28878DB4559FBDB35" box="[275,438,1381,1406]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diademata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28878DB4559FBDB35" box="[275,438,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. diademata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE288ACDB455A08DB35" box="[455,581,1381,1406]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="funerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE288ACDB455A08DB35" box="[455,581,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. funerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28B3DDB455B15DB35" box="[598,856,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28B3DDB455A80DB35" box="[598,717,1381,1406]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">R. nasuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28BB1DB455B1DDB35" box="[730,848,1381,1406]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubida">R. rubida</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also dark, or with ocelli in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28DC5DB455D2ADB35" box="[1198,1383,1381,1406]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28DC5DB455D2ADB35" box="[1198,1383,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; 5) presence of dark blotches on the lateral pectoral and abdominal scutes and adjacent marginals [typical of several species, but
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE288E3DB935A94DB87" box="[392,729,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE288E3DB935A5ADB87" box="[392,535,1459,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">R. annulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28B4FDB935A94DB87" box="[548,729,1459,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">R. pulcherrima</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28A7EDB935BCADB87" box="[789,903,1459,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28A7EDB935BCADB87" box="[789,903,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. rubida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the bridge portions of the pectoral and abdominal scutes nearly uniformly dark in coloration; and dark coloration is often absent from the area in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28CE8DBF958B4D852" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28CE8DBF958B4D852" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. areolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28859D82059BCD852" box="[306,497,1536,1561]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosterna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28859D82059BCD852" box="[306,497,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. melanosterna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; 6) axillary scutes contact marginal scutes 2, 3, and 4 [this is the most common character state only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE288C1D8075A3DD80B" box="[426,624,1575,1600]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosterna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE288C1D8075A3DD80B" box="[426,624,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. melanosterna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28BC7D8075B75D80B" box="[684,824,1575,1600]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28BC7D8075B75D80B" box="[684,824,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; more common in all other species is contact with marginals 3 and 4 only]; 7) interhumeral seam length is less than the intergular seam length [characteristic of all species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE2881FD8545A4CD8C6" box="[372,513,1652,1677]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE2881FD8545A4CD8C6" box="[372,513,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; 8) interanal seam length is greater than the interfemoral seam length [also characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28832D8BB59B8D8FF" box="[345,501,1691,1716]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diademata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28832D8BB59B8D8FF" box="[345,501,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. diademata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28B47D8BB5AD7D8FF" box="[556,666,1691,1716]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28B47D8BB5AD7D8FF" box="[556,666,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. rubida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; all other species are the converse]; 9) seam B contact (intercostal seam between C1 and C2) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF93FFE28888D8E15A3AD890" author="Tinkle" box="[483,631,1729,1755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" refString="Tinkle, D. W. (1962) Variation in shell morphology of North American turtles. I. The carapacial seam arrangements. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 9, 331 - 349." type="journal article" year="1962">Tinkle 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) on anterior marginal 5 [the dominant character state in all species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28985D8C85936D94A" box="[238,379,1768,1793]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28985D8C85936D94A" box="[238,379,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE288D3D8C85A67D94A" box="[440,554,1768,1793]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE288D3D8C85A67D94A" box="[440,554,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; and 10) seam C contact (intercostal seam between C2 and C3) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF93FFE28C26D8C85894D963" author="Tinkle" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" refString="Tinkle, D. W. (1962) Variation in shell morphology of North American turtles. I. The carapacial seam arrangements. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 9, 331 - 349." type="journal article" year="1962">Tinkle 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) on anterior marginal 7 [the most common character state in all species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28D82D92F5D22D963" box="[1257,1391,1807,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="funerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28D82D92F5D22D963" box="[1257,1391,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. funerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28CEAD92F597BD905" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosterna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28CEAD92F597BD905" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. melanosterna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE2881DD91559A8D905" box="[374,485,1845,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE2881DD91559A8D905" box="[374,485,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF93FFE189ADD97C5D76DEB4" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2026]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,912]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
In addition, the color pattern of the head apparently includes both supratemporal and postorbital stripes, both of which are light-colored stripes on the dark ground color that is typical of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF93FFE28D81D9A35DD8D9D7" box="[1258,1429,1923,1948]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF93FFE28D81D9A35DD8D9D7" box="[1258,1429,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhinoclemmys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dorsum of the specimen’s head appears to be covered with an extensive, light-colored blotch with the supratemporal stripe extending from the dorsolateral corner. We suspect that the extent of this “blotch” may be an artifact of drying, and we note the similarity to the “lunata” form of head marking found in some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18851DE9F5A9ADE93" authority="Fretey et al. 1977" authorityName="Fretey et al." authorityYear="1977" box="[314,727,190,216]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18851DE9F59A8DE93" box="[314,485,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF90FFE1889EDE9E5A83DE93" author="Fretey" box="[501,718,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Fretey, J., Hoogmoed, M. S. & Lescure, J. (1977) Etude taxinomique de Rhinoclemmys punctularia punctularia (Daudin) (Testudinata, Emydidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 52, 6, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="1977">
|
||
Fretey
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18B20DE9F5ACBDE93" box="[587,646,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1977
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Occipital spots that would be diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18D9ADE9F5DD1DE93" box="[1265,1436,191,216]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18D9ADE9F5DD1DE93" box="[1265,1436,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be represented by the two, oval, posterior extensions of the “blotch” nearest the midline (Fig. 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF90FFE189AEDF2C5CE6DCBD" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
We can unequivocally exclude
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18B29DF2C5AFEDF6E" box="[578,691,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18B29DF2C5AFEDF6E" box="[578,691,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. from the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18A9CDF2C5CB6DF6E" box="[1015,1275,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trijuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18A9CDF2C5CB6DF6E" box="[1015,1275,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Melanochelys trijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the continuous lateral keel present from hatching (as evidenced in the Seba illustration reproduced here as
|
||
<figureCitation id="13520998FF90FFE18C26DF125DDDDF07" box="[1357,1424,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,853,877]" captionTargetBox="[314,1308,419,823]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[284,1313,388,830]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Illustrations from Seba (1734: pl. 79, figs. 1 and 2), showing his Testudo terrestris amboinensis major, later synonymized by Linnaeus (1766) under his concept of Testudo scabra. This appears to show a very young specimen of Melanochelys trijuga trijuga or Melanochelys trijuga thermalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275182/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the great extent of dark pigmentation on the plastron found in that taxon. Similarly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18D83DF795D16DF39" box="[1256,1371,345,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18D83DF795D16DF39" box="[1256,1371,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. is obviously not a testudinid, and may be excluded from the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18D77DFA05CF7DFD2" box="[1052,1210,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Cylindraspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18D77DFA05CF7DFD2" box="[1052,1210,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cylindraspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. based on the presence of a nuchal scute and separate 12th marginals, as opposed to a single supracaudal scute as is characteristic of most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE188C1DFED5A06DFAC" box="[426,587,461,487]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Testudinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among the features that characterize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18D4EDFED5D4ADFAD" box="[1061,1287,461,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18D4EDFED5D4ADFAD" box="[1061,1287,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trachemys scripta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that are not present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF90FFE18850DFD459ECDC45" box="[315,417,500,526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE188A2DFD45A78DC46" box="[457,565,500,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE188A2DFD45A78DC46" box="[457,565,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: 1) vertebral keel absent or evidenced as a narrow ridge; 2) no trace of lateral keels; 3) dark plastral coloration is not in the form of a broad central figure; 4) a single relatively large axillary scute prevents contact between the 4th marginal and pectoral scutes; and 5) a rather broad zygomatic arch. The other two emydids with which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18B14DC485AA0DCCA" box="[639,749,616,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18B14DC485AA0DCCA" box="[639,749,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. has been synonymized,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18D59DC485D6FDCCA" box="[1074,1314,616,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Glyptemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insculpta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18D59DC485D6FDCCA" box="[1074,1314,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Glyptemys insculpta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18C37DC48596DDCE3" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbicularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18C37DC48596DDCE3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Emys orbicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differ in the absence of humeral-axillary contact, only one axillary scute is present, and the zygomatic arch is relatively broad. Two obvious features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18A08DC955B9DDC85" box="[867,976,693,718]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18A08DC955B9DDC85" box="[867,976,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. that indicate it is not a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE189FCDCFC59CADCBE" box="[151,391,732,757]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrufa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE189FCDCFC59CADCBE" box="[151,391,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pelomedusa subrufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are its lack of an intergular scute and the presence of a nuchal scute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF90FFE189AEDD225930DDDB" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Our preliminary impression of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF90FFE18B03DD225A9CDD57" box="[616,721,770,796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
had been that it appeared to possibly represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18C7BDD22597DDD08" authority="Gray 1860" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18C7BDD225DD1DD50" box="[1296,1436,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. annulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF90FFE189F4DD09596ADD08" author="Gray" box="[159,295,809,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Gray, J. E. (1860) Description of a new species of Geoclemmys from Ecuador. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1860, 231 - 232." type="proceedings paper" year="1860">Gray 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we are now convinced that it is referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18AE3DD095C58DD09" box="[904,1045,809,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18AE3DD095C58DD09" box="[904,1045,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18DC0DD095D5ADD09" box="[1195,1303,809,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18DC0DD095D5ADD09" box="[1195,1303,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, genetic testing of the specimen with comparison to all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18A49DD705B80DD22" box="[802,973,848,873]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18A49DD705B80DD22" box="[802,973,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhinoclemmys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species would be helpful to absolutely confirm its identity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF90FFE189FCD88E5A93D966" blockId="10.[151,1436,1710,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE189FCD88E5957D88D" bold="true" box="[151,282,1710,1734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
One of three specimens of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18B3AD88F5AB9D88D" box="[593,756,1711,1734]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18B3AD88F5AB9D88D" box="[593,756,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Testudo scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” at the University of Uppsala Museum of Zoology donated by Carl Petter Thunberg between
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF90FFE18885D8F15ADED8A3" box="[494,659,1745,1768]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1785" valueMax="1815">1785 and 1815</date>
|
||
(UUZM s/n, juvenile shell,
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF90FFE18ABAD8F15C53D8A3" box="[977,1054,1745,1768]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="86.0">86 mm</quantity>
|
||
CL). Original Thunberg tag reads “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE189C8D8D4590AD940" authority="Mus" authorityName="Mus" box="[163,327,1780,1803]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE189C8D8D4590AD940" box="[163,327,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Testudo scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
β
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE1880ED8D459AAD940" box="[357,487,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE1880ED8D459DAD940" box="[357,407,1780,1803]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thunb
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.” and newer tag reads “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18B85D8D45C3ED940" authority="Mus. Thunb." authorityName="Mus. Thunb." box="[750,1139,1780,1803]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Chelopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18B85D8D45C22D940" box="[750,1135,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chelopus punctularius Mus. Thunb</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” This specimen represents
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE189FCD93759F8D965" box="[151,437,1815,1838]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE189FCD93759F8D965" box="[151,437,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhinoclemmys punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but has no status as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF90FFE18BC2D9365A97D966" box="[681,730,1814,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF90FFE189ADD97C5D28D9AD" blockId="10.[151,1437,1884,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF90FFE18995D97C597CD93D" box="[254,305,1884,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE188A3D97C5B74D93D" authority="Linnaeus (1758:198)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="198" authorityYear="1758" box="[456,825,1884,1910]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE188A3D97C5A7AD93E" box="[456,567,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF90FFE18B2AD97C5B74D93D" author="Linnaeus" box="[577,825,1884,1910]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. [10 th Ed.]. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Laurentii Salvii, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758:198)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally given as “Indiis” (= West Indies or South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E558DFF90FFE18989D9A15901D9D0" box="[226,332,1921,1947]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
), but emended by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF90FFE18B4BD9A15B59D9D0" author="Linnaeus" box="[544,788,1921,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1766) Systema Naturae. Editio Duodecima, Reformata. Tomus I, Pars I, Regnum Animale [12 th Ed.]. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Laurentii Salvii, 532 pp." type="book" year="1766">Linnaeus (1766:351)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E558DFF90FFE18A29D9A15BCCD9D0" box="[834,897,1921,1947]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
orientali,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18A9CD9A15C2FD9D0" box="[1015,1122,1921,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” Since the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18C5BD9A15DD1D9D1" box="[1328,1436,1921,1946]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18C5BD9A15DD1D9D1" box="[1328,1436,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE188A6D9875A31D98B" box="[461,636,1959,1984]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE188A6D9875A31D98B" box="[461,636,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we hereby restrict the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF90FFE18AF5D9865B9FD98B" box="[926,978,1958,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18D0AD9875C9FD98B" box="[1121,1234,1959,1984]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18D0AD9875C9FD98B" box="[1121,1234,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. to “Cayenne,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E558DFF90FFE189FCD9EC5904D9AD" box="[151,329,1996,2022]" name="French Guiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
”, the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF90FFE188A5D9EC5A4CD9AD" box="[462,513,1996,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18BDAD9EC5CCFD9AD" authority="Daudin (1801:252)" authorityName="Daudin" authorityPageNumber="252" authorityYear="1801" box="[689,1154,1996,2022]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18BDAD9EC5BD6D9AE" box="[689,923,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Testudo punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF90FFE18AC9D9EC5CCFD9AD" author="Daudin" box="[930,1154,1996,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Daudin, F. M. (1801) Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere, des Reptiles. Tome Second. Paris, France: Dufart, 432 pp." type="book" year="1801">Daudin (1801:252)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF90FFE18DC0D9EC5D19D9AE" box="[1195,1364,1996,2021]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF90FFE18DC0D9EC5D19D9AE" box="[1195,1364,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF91FFE089ADDEB85D22DF07" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,332]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Thunberg’s three specimens of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08B3ADEB85A8FDEFA" box="[593,706,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08B3ADEB85A8FDEFA" box="[593,706,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” donated to the Uppsala collections betwen
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF91FFE08D8DDEB85DD1DEF9" box="[1254,1436,152,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1785" valueMax="1817">1785 and 1817</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF91FFE089F4DE9E5915DE93" author="Thunberg" box="[159,344,190,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1785 - 1817) Donat. Animal. Thunberg. Animalia. 1. Mammalia, 2. Aves, 3. Amphibia, 4. Pisces, 5. Insecta, 6. Vermes, donata a Car. Pet. Thunberg 1785 - 1817. 8. Donatio 1785 seqqv. Caroli Petri Thunberg. Uppsala: Handwritten Catalogue at Uppsala University Zoological Museum, 180 pp." type="book" year="1785">
|
||
Thunberg
|
||
<date id="FFD733DDFF91FFE08877DE9E5915DE93" box="[284,344,190,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1785" valueMax="1817">1785</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1817) are also still extant. The first,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08A4BDE9F5BDDDE93" box="[800,912,191,216]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08A4BDE9F5BDDDE93" box="[800,912,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
β (Fig. 6) is a dried shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08D85DE9F596FDEB5" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08D85DE9F596FDEB5" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhinoclemmys punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF91FFE088C5DEC55A4FDEB4" box="[430,514,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="86.0">86 mm</quantity>
|
||
CL. The second,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08BB3DEC55B0ADEB5" box="[728,839,229,254]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08BB3DEC55B0ADEB5" box="[728,839,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
γ (not figured), has been re-identified as an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08C37DEC55956DF6E" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbicularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08C37DEC55956DF6E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Emys orbicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The third,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE088C1DF2C5A54DF6E" box="[426,537,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE088C1DF2C5A54DF6E" box="[426,537,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
δ (not figured), is a juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08A10DF2C5CF1DF6E" box="[891,1212,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Rhinoclemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08A10DF2C5CF1DF6E" box="[891,1212,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhinoclemmys punctularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4C91B8F8FF91FFE08C23DF2C5DD1DF6D" box="[1352,1436,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
|
||
CL. None of these specimens have any standing as Linnaean
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF91FFE08A0EDF125BEBDF07" box="[869,934,306,332]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, nor were they described by Thunberg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |