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<document id="2E852B96CFF89DC6021B76B880550729" ID-CLB-Dataset="3286" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c969ead-bc9e-475f-955f-d0a55035f76d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5723664" ID-ZooBank="30F29A23-65A3-4943-8FDD-0A68FD5CBD48" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637744889441" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jałoszyński, Paweł &amp; Nomura, Shûhei" docDate="2021" docId="03BCB362FFEAFFAB8A8CFC0AFE13FD88" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5071.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5071 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nogunius sagaensis Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="287" masterDocId="FF85CB1AFFEBFFAF8A1BFF8AFF94FFE6" masterDocTitle="A new species of Nogunius Jałoszyński in Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae Scydmaeninae)" masterLastPageNumber="288" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="284" updateTime="1699469895321" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="EFB96065B62116643E2B95A659727658" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F216A7C6030223E7B71320566DB7EB19">
<mods:title id="88BC99EFF068D4A4BD64F3A6FFBDAF77">A new species of Nogunius Jałoszyński in Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae Scydmaeninae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9EBA4CDD270B5FB6E67D5F64388A890F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1E103BE7841E6B4B389BA5FA0F478D00">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B6EF3761B09342F964DE694FE02E2D8A">Jałoszyński, Paweł</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="205A2721831252D5D621ABA6EF53A5DA" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2973-1803</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="570A0B488C947912078112364EDDBDD7">Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50 - 335 Wrocław, Poland. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2973 - 1803; scydmaenus @ yahoo. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="71BC94974F1C4079D7267E3F3CDE48F8">Nomura, Shûhei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="D05F9007236A33534720449456400650">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A8A00BF9E8FB0DF7696F7D2CEC65B83D">
<mods:date id="D01A96EB72A28238B0A642AE348E8004">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B1AA5D07CE7CBFECABB0F56FA688A0DE" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="7404407E76FA05941C987FF08E8C20A9">2021-11-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FD6C87FCE1C46CD4D2E87F434F209812">5071</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="25263D5F1A359EEE77483E123F0DDC63">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6DEA4CAD79839371EDE3A16C9F04B0C2">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A94C431FA6E4DC6E061184D1E2065B2C" type="CLB-Dataset">3286</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8EC624B404D327D78BE6970438FF7C5E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3F48B604A132614254F93282587C25EF" type="GBIF-Dataset">1c969ead-bc9e-475f-955f-d0a55035f76d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DD60521CC75E393D837067E83CD6CE35" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BCB362FFEAFFAB8A8CFC0AFE13FD88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5729709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190868511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5729709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BCB362FFEAFFAB8A8CFC0AFE13FD88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCB362FFEAFFAB8A8CFC0AFE13FD88" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<subSubSection id="C30F51FFFFEAFFAE8A8CFC0AFE47FC7C" box="[151,467,896,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8A8CFC0AFE47FC7C" blockId="1.[151,467,896,959]" box="[151,467,896,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<heading id="D0E2B518FFEAFFAE8A8CFC0AFE47FC7C" bold="true" box="[151,467,896,922]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEAFFAE8A8CFC0AFE47FC7C" bold="true" box="[151,467,896,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEAFFAE8A8CFC0AFE1EFC7C" ID-CoL="9GCP8" authority="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura, 2021" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,394,896,922]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEAFFAE8A8CFC0AFE1EFC7C" bold="true" box="[151,394,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Nogunius sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252631DFFEAFFAE8B8AFC0AFE47FC7C" box="[401,467,896,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F51FFFFEAFFAE8A8CFC2EFEC4FC58" box="[151,336,932,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8A8CFC2EFEC4FC58" blockId="1.[151,467,896,959]" box="[151,336,932,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
(
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFEAFFAE8A84FC2EFE90FC59" box="[159,260,932,959]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1407,1431]" captionTargetBox="[171,1420,215,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[151,1436,181,1384]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. Dorsal habitus of holotype male (1), and aedeagus in ventral (2, 4) and lateral (3, 5) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723666/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFEAFFAE8B0BFC2EFEB4FC58" box="[272,288,932,958]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Comparison of key cephalic characters of males of all nominal Nogunius species. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. (6; HW 0.15 mm); N. sokani (7; HW 0.18 mm); N. aogashimanus (8; HW 0.18 mm); N. kerri (9; HW 0.16 mm); and N. fukuuzanus (10; HW 0.15 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723668/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFEAFFAE8B37FC2EFED3FC58" box="[300,327,932,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1400,1424]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,309,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,309,1376]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution of Nogunius species, with comparison of aedeagi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723670/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F51FFFFEAFFAE8A8CFC66FECBFB94" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8A8CFC66FECBFB94" blockId="1.[151,1437,1004,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEAFFAE8A8CFC66FED0FBE0" bold="true" box="[151,324,1004,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7D0829FFEAFFAE8B52FC66FECBFB94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412171301" collectingDate="2021-06-03" collectingDateMax="2021-06-09" collectingDateMin="2021-06-03" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="S. Nomura" country="Japan" county="Asahimachi" elevation="237" latitude="33.21145" location="Kyushu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="130.01845" municipality="Takeo-shi" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Saga" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEAFFAE8B52FC66FD33FBE0" bold="true" box="[329,679,1004,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<typeStatus id="54AEBCD6FFEAFFAE8B52FC66FE2EFBE0" box="[329,442,1004,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="F30242E4FFEAFFAE8BDEFC66FD8BFBE0" box="[453,543,1004,1030]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D1CC96FFEAFFAE8837FC66FD33FBE0" box="[556,679,1004,1030]" country="Japan" name="Saga" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Saga Pref.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
):
<specimenCount id="9D13C9FDFFEAFFAE88A4FC67FD42FBE1" box="[703,726,1005,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, two labels: “FIT(FG-6)x3: Mt. Kashiwa- / dake (
<quantity id="4CEDAF91FFEAFFAE8EE7FC66FAD5FBE0" box="[1276,1345,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="237.0">
<elevation id="0038E547FFEAFFAE8EE7FC66FAD5FBE0" box="[1276,1345,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="237.0">237m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<collectingCounty id="62CB7AF8FFEAFFAE8F49FC66FF4FFBCC" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Asahimachi</collectingCounty>
/
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCE980EFFEAFFAE8AE2FB9AFEFEFBCC" box="[249,362,1040,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Takeo-shi</collectingMunicipality>
, Saga Pref. /
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEAFFAE8816FB9AFD68FBCC" bold="true" box="[525,764,1040,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
[
<location id="8ECA54AFFFEAFFAE880FFB9AFDE1FBCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BCB362FFEAFFAB8A8CFC0AFE13FD88:8ECA54AFFFEAFFAE880FFB9AFDE1FBCC" box="[532,629,1040,1066]" country="Japan" county="Asahimachi" latitude="33.21145" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="130.01845" municipality="Takeo-shi" name="Kyushu" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" stateProvince="Saga">Kyushu</location>
, JAPAN] /
</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2164B3FFEAFFAE891CFB9AFC07FBCC" box="[775,915,1040,1066]" degrees="33.211448" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" precision="1" value="33.21145">33.211448N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2164B3FFEAFFAE89B8FB9AFBADFBCD" box="[931,1081,1040,1067]" degrees="130.018450" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" precision="1" value="130.01845">130.018450E</geoCoordinate>
/
<date id="FFAB24B4FFEAFFAE8E4DFB9AFB4DFBCC" box="[1110,1241,1040,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" value="2021-06-03" valueMax="2021-06-09" valueMin="2021-06-03">
<collectingDate id="EFEFDD5CFFEAFFAE8E4DFB9AFB4DFBCC" box="[1110,1241,1040,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" value="2021-06-03" valueMax="2021-06-09" valueMin="2021-06-03">3-9.vi.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E067A2FFEAFFAE8EF2FB9AFACFFBCC" box="[1257,1371,1040,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">S.Nomura</collectorName>
leg.” [white, printed], “
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEAFFAE8B45FBBEFE78FBA8" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[350,492,1076,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEAFFAE8B45FBBEFE78FBA8" box="[350,492,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">NOGUNIUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEAFFAE881AFBBFFCE7FBA9" authority="Jaloszynski &amp; Nomura" authorityName="Jaloszynski &amp; Nomura" box="[513,883,1076,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEAFFAE881AFBBFFDFAFBA8" box="[513,622,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">sagaensis</emphasis>
Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura
</taxonomicName>
/ HOLOTYPUS, P. JAŁOSZYŃSKI, 2021” [red, printed] (
<collectionCode id="ED049AB1FFEAFFAE8AE4FBD2FEC7FB94" box="[255,339,1112,1138]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">NSMT</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F51FFFFEAFFAE8ADCFBF6FA9EFB5C" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8ADCFBF6FA9EFB5C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1004,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEAFFAE8ADCFBF6FED6FB70" bold="true" box="[199,322,1148,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Eyes in male large and strongly convex but in dorsal view much shorter than tempora; aedeagus in ventral view about three times as long as broad, with narrow median subtrapezoidal apical projection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F51FFFFEAFFAC8ADCFB4EFE0AFF57" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8ADCFB4EFC59FAE5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1004,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEAFFAE8ADCFB4EFECDFB38" bold="true" box="[199,345,1220,1246]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Description.</emphasis>
Body of male (
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFEAFFAE881CFB4EFDD3FB38" box="[519,583,1220,1246]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1407,1431]" captionTargetBox="[171,1420,215,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[151,1436,181,1384]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. Dorsal habitus of holotype male (1), and aedeagus in ventral (2, 4) and lateral (3, 5) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723666/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) moderately slender, strongly convex, light brown with appendages slightly lighter than head, thorax and elytra, setae yellowish-brown; BL
<quantity id="4CEDAF91FFEAFFAE8979FB62FC5DFAE5" box="[866,969,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="0.81">0.81 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8ADCFA86FF4BF9C4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1004,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
Head (
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFEAFFAE8B0FFA86FECDFAC1" box="[276,345,1292,1319]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Comparison of key cephalic characters of males of all nominal Nogunius species. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. (6; HW 0.15 mm); N. sokani (7; HW 0.18 mm); N. aogashimanus (8; HW 0.18 mm); N. kerri (9; HW 0.16 mm); and N. fukuuzanus (10; HW 0.15 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723668/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) broadest at eyes, HL
<quantity id="4CEDAF91FFEAFFAE8845FA86FD52FAC1" box="[606,710,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
, HW
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; tempora in dorsal view much longer than eyes; vertex and frons confluent, together weakly convex; each eye large, strongly convex, in lateral view bean-shaped, with distinct posteromedian emargination, composed of 25 large facets of equal diameters. Punctures on vertex fine, inconspicuous; setae short, sparse and suberect; tempora and posterior margin of vertex densely covered with thick and long bristles. Antennae slender, AnL
<quantity id="4CEDAF91FFEAFFAE8876FA16FD40FA51" box="[621,724,1436,1463]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="0.33">0.33 mm</quantity>
, antennomeres 1 and 2 each strongly elongate, 3–8 each about as long as broad or indistinctly transverse, 9 distinctly larger than 8 and slightly transverse, 10 much longer and especially broader than 9, strongly transverse, 11 indistinctly narrower and slightly longer than 10, about as long as broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8ADCF9A7FABFF968" blockId="1.[151,1437,1004,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
Pronotum subconical with weakly rounded sides, broadest shortly in front of base; PL
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, PW
<quantity id="4CEDAF91FFEAFFAE8F29F9A6FA0DF9A1" box="[1330,1433,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
. Anterior and posterior margins weakly convex, base with two pairs of small, distinct pits. Punctures on pronotal disc fine, inconspicuous; setae sparse, short, suberect; sides, especially posteriorly, with sparse, thick bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8ADCF912FC25F91C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1004,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
Elytra together oval, broadest indistinctly in front of middle; EL
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, EW
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, EI 1.38; humeral calli weakly elevated, basal impressions large, deep, nearly circular; apices separately rounded. Punctures inconspicuous; setae slightly longer and denser than those on pronotum, suberect.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8ADCF88FFD4CF8F8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1004,2039]" box="[199,728,1796,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Legs moderately long and slender, unmodified.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8ADCF8A2FD9DF8A4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1004,2039]" box="[199,521,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Hind wings long, functional.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEAFFAE8ADCF8C6FF66F811" blockId="1.[151,1437,1004,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFEAFFAE8B58F8C6FE32F881" box="[323,422,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1407,1431]" captionTargetBox="[171,1420,215,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[151,1436,181,1384]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. Dorsal habitus of holotype male (1), and aedeagus in ventral (2, 4) and lateral (3, 5) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723666/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Figs 2–5</figureCitation>
) elongate, in ventral view about three times as long as broad; AeL
<quantity id="4CEDAF91FFEAFFAE8E9CF8C6FB79F881" box="[1159,1261,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
; median lobe in ventral view broadest in sub-basal region, with nearly straight sides feebly converging toward truncate apex, median apical projection present, short and subtrapezoidal, with truncate distal margin; in lateral view median lobe strongly curved in proximal third; parameres slender, in lateral view curved, each with one long apical and one long subapical seta.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6A52FCFFE9FFAD8A8CFAF5FF4DFA5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5723666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" startId="2.[151,264,1407,1431]" targetBox="[171,1420,215,1366]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFE9FFAD8A8CFAF5FF4DFA5A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1407,1468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE9FFAD8A8CFAF5FEAEFA71" bold="true" box="[151,314,1407,1431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE9FFAD8B5AFA0AFD9FFA71" authority="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura, 2021" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[321,523,1408,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE9FFAD8B5AFA0AFD9FFA71" box="[321,523,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Nogunius sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252631DFFE9FFAD880AFA0AFDDCFA71" box="[529,584,1408,1431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Dorsal habitus of holotype male (1), and aedeagus in ventral (2, 4) and lateral (3, 5) views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6A52FCFFE9FFAD8A8CF8FFFE39F833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723668" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5723668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" startId="2.[151,264,1909,1933]" targetBox="[151,1436,1492,1886]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFE9FFAD8A8CF8FFFE39F833" blockId="2.[151,1437,1909,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE9FFAD8A8CF8FFFEDCF86B" bold="true" box="[151,328,1909,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">FIGURES 6–10.</emphasis>
Comparison of key cephalic characters of males of all nominal
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE9FFAD89CDF8FCFB1AF86B" box="[982,1166,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE9FFAD89CDF8FCFBA3F86B" box="[982,1079,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Nogunius</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE9FFAD8E8FF8FCFACBF86B" authority="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura, 2021" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[1172,1375,1910,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE9FFAD8E8FF8FCFACBF86B" box="[1172,1375,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Nogunius sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252631DFFE9FFAD8F7EF8FCFA09F86B" box="[1381,1437,1910,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(6; HW 0.15 mm);
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE9FFAD8B47F810FE28F857" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[348,444,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokani">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE9FFAD8B47F810FE28F857" box="[348,444,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">N. sokani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(7; HW 0.18 mm);
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE9FFAD8893F810FCACF857" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[648,824,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aogashimanus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE9FFAD8893F810FCACF857" box="[648,824,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">N. aogashimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8; HW 0.18 mm);
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE9FFAD8E1FF810FBC7F857" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[1028,1107,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerri">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE9FFAD8E1FF810FBC7F857" box="[1028,1107,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">N. kerri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(9; HW 0.16 mm); and
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE9FFAD8F51F810FF49F833" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukuuzanus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE9FFAD8F51F810FF49F833" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">N. fukuuzanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10; HW 0.15 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFE8FFAC8ADCFF1DFE0AFF57" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,414,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F51FFFFE8FFAC8ADCFF30FDF6FF33" box="[199,610,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFE8FFAC8ADCFF30FDF6FF33" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,610,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8ADCFF30FEF5FF32" bold="true" box="[199,353,186,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Distribution.</emphasis>
NW Kyushu (
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFE8FFAC8818FF31FDC0FF33" box="[515,596,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1400,1424]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,309,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,309,1376]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution of Nogunius species, with comparison of aedeagi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F51FFFFE8FFAC8ADCFF55FE80FEFB" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFE8FFAC8ADCFF55FE80FEFB" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8ADCFF55FEDAFF1F" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Etymology.</emphasis>
The adjective
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8BEAFF55FDCAFF1E" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[497,606,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8BEAFF55FDCAFF1E" box="[497,606,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is topotypical, after
<collectingRegion id="49D1CC96FFE8FFAC895AFF55FC60FF1F" box="[833,1012,223,249]" country="Japan" name="Saga" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Saga Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, north-western region of the mainland of Kyushu.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6A52FCFFE8FFAC8A8CFAF2FC0AFA76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5723670" box="[151,926,1400,1424]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" startId="3.[151,250,1400,1424]" targetBox="[151,1429,309,1357]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFE8FFAC8A8CFAF2FC0AFA76" blockId="3.[151,926,1400,1424]" box="[151,926,1400,1424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8A8CFAF2FE8AFA76" bold="true" box="[151,286,1400,1424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8BDAFAF3FDE0FA76" box="[449,628,1400,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8BDAFAF3FDB6FA76" box="[449,546,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Nogunius</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, with comparison of aedeagi.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30F51FFFFE8FFAB8ADCFA34FE13FD88" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFE8FFAC8ADCFA34FB8FF84A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1470,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8ADCFA34FEAFFA3E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1470,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Remarks.</emphasis>
Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8BDDFA35FDA5FA3E" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[454,561,1471,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8BDDFA35FDA5FA3E" box="[454,561,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Nogunius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphologically uniform and it is difficult to identify them by external characters. Males, however, clearly differ in the relative size of eyes (
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFE8FFAC8983FA68FB9EFA1B" box="[920,1034,1506,1533]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Comparison of key cephalic characters of males of all nominal Nogunius species. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. (6; HW 0.15 mm); N. sokani (7; HW 0.18 mm); N. aogashimanus (8; HW 0.18 mm); N. kerri (9; HW 0.16 mm); and N. fukuuzanus (10; HW 0.15 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Figs 6–10</figureCitation>
) and a number of ommatidia. Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8AADF98DFE02F9C6" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[182,406,1543,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8AADF98DFE02F9C6" box="[182,406,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Nogunius sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFE8FFAC8BBEF98CFE7DF9C7" box="[421,489,1542,1569]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Comparison of key cephalic characters of males of all nominal Nogunius species. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. (6; HW 0.15 mm); N. sokani (7; HW 0.18 mm); N. aogashimanus (8; HW 0.18 mm); N. kerri (9; HW 0.16 mm); and N. fukuuzanus (10; HW 0.15 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) have the most convex, most laterally projecting eyes, which are nevertheless much shorter than tempora; each composed of 25 ommatidia. Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC896AF9A1FC4FF9A2" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[881,987,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokani">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC896AF9A1FC4FF9A2" box="[881,987,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. sokani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFE8FFAC89F0F9A0FBBAF9A3" box="[1003,1070,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Comparison of key cephalic characters of males of all nominal Nogunius species. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. (6; HW 0.15 mm); N. sokani (7; HW 0.18 mm); N. aogashimanus (8; HW 0.18 mm); N. kerri (9; HW 0.16 mm); and N. fukuuzanus (10; HW 0.15 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) have the largest eyes of all species, in dorsal view indistinctly longer than tempora; each eye composed of 24 ommatidia. Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8EE3F9C5FF2AF96A" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aogashimanus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8EE3F9C5FF2AF96A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. aogashimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFE8FFAC8AD5F9F8FE84F96A" box="[206,272,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Comparison of key cephalic characters of males of all nominal Nogunius species. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. (6; HW 0.15 mm); N. sokani (7; HW 0.18 mm); N. aogashimanus (8; HW 0.18 mm); N. kerri (9; HW 0.16 mm); and N. fukuuzanus (10; HW 0.15 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) also have conspicuously large eyes, larger than those in
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC898EF9F9FBB7F96A" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[917,1059,1651,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC898EF9F9FC3CF96A" box="[917,936,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC89ADF9F9FBB7F96A" box="[950,1059,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and slightly shorter than tempora in dorsal view; each eye is composed of 27 ommatidia. Two remaining species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8E0EF91DFBF8F956" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[1045,1132,1686,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerri">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8E0EF91DFBF8F956" box="[1045,1132,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. kerri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFE8FFAC8E60F91CFB2BF956" box="[1147,1215,1686,1712]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Comparison of key cephalic characters of males of all nominal Nogunius species. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. (6; HW 0.15 mm); N. sokani (7; HW 0.18 mm); N. aogashimanus (8; HW 0.18 mm); N. kerri (9; HW 0.16 mm); and N. fukuuzanus (10; HW 0.15 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8EE5F91DFA08F956" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[1278,1436,1686,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukuuzanus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8EE5F91DFA08F956" box="[1278,1436,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. fukuuzanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFE8FFAC8ABBF930FF65F932" box="[160,241,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,1492,1886]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Comparison of key cephalic characters of males of all nominal Nogunius species. Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. (6; HW 0.15 mm); N. sokani (7; HW 0.18 mm); N. aogashimanus (8; HW 0.18 mm); N. kerri (9; HW 0.16 mm); and N. fukuuzanus (10; HW 0.15 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) have strikingly small eyes, only half as long as tempora in dorsal view. Those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8E9DF931FB48F932" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[1158,1244,1722,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerri">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8E9DF931FB48F932" box="[1158,1244,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. kerri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are composed of only 13, and in
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8B53F955FE73F91E" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[328,487,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukuuzanus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8B53F955FE73F91E" box="[328,487,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. fukuuzanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of 19 ommatidia. The aedeagi of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC897EF955FC44F91E" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[869,976,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC897EF955FC44F91E" box="[869,976,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Nogunius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also relatively uniform (
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFE8FFAC8F0AF954FAF7F91E" box="[1297,1379,1758,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1400,1424]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,309,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,309,1376]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution of Nogunius species, with comparison of aedeagi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), except for that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8B58F889FE76F8FA" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[323,482,1794,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukuuzanus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8B58F889FE76F8FA" box="[323,482,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. fukuuzanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is conspicuously elongate and slender, unlike much stouter copulatory organs of all its congeners (
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFE8FFAC8B66F8ACFE5BF8A6" box="[381,463,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1400,1424]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,309,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,309,1376]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution of Nogunius species, with comparison of aedeagi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). The aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC88BEF8ADFCA7F8A6" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[677,819,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC88BEF8ADFCA7F8A6" box="[677,819,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8E4CF8ADFA8EF8A6" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[1111,1306,1830,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aogashimanus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8E4CF8ADFA8EF8A6" box="[1111,1306,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. aogashimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that occurs on the geographically remote and isolated Izu Islands, over
<quantity id="4CEDAF91FFE8FFAC892DF8C0FC1FF882" box="[822,907,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="km" value="250.0">250 km</quantity>
off the southern coast of Honshu and ~
<quantity id="4CEDAF91FFE8FFAC8F5DF8C0FA08F882" box="[1350,1436,1866,1892]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="km" value="900.0">900 km</quantity>
east of the collecting site of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFE8FFAC8BCBF8E5FDC9F86E" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[464,605,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFE8FFAC8BCBF8E5FDC9F86E" box="[464,605,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">N. sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Besides the cephalic and genital characters, proportions of body parts can also help identifying at least some species; useful ratios are compiled in
<tableCitation id="C69737CFFFE8FFAC89DAF818FB81F84A" box="[961,1045,1938,1964]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Selected measurements of males of nominal Nogunius species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6A52FCFFEFFFAB8A8CFF1DFC3BFF49" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" tableUuid="DF6A52FCFFEFFFAB8A8CFF1DFC3BFF49">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6A52FCFFEFFFAB8A8CFF1DFC3BFF49" ID-Table-UUID="DF6A52FCFFEFFFAB8A8CFF1DFC3BFF49" box="[151,943,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6A52FCFFEFFFAB8A8CFF1DFC3BFF49" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" startId="4.[151,239,151,175]" targetBox="[163,1419,206,440]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEFFFAB8A8CFF1DFC3BFF49" blockId="4.[151,943,151,175]" box="[151,943,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8A8CFF1DFE9EFF49" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Selected measurements of males of nominal
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEFFFAB88F5FF12FC3BFF49" box="[750,943,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB88F5FF12FCC0FF49" box="[750,852,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Nogunius</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEFFFAB8813FF44FAE0FE5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<table id="F915F0D4FFEF00508AB8FF44FA1FFE5E" box="[163,1419,206,440]" gridcols="9" gridrows="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<tr id="35250036FFEF00508AB8FF44FA1FFF00" box="[163,1419,206,230]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76F4694AFFEF00508BF0FF44FDD0FF00" box="[491,580,206,230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8813FF44FDBEFF00" bold="true" box="[520,554,206,230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">BL</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F4694AFFEF0050887CFF44FD2EFF00" box="[615,698,206,230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB887CFF44FD2EFF00" bold="true" box="[615,698,206,230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">EL/EW</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F4694AFFEF005088C7FF44FCA1FF00" box="[732,821,206,230]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB88C7FF44FCA1FF00" bold="true" box="[732,821,206,230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">HL/HW</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F4694AFFEF0050894DFF44FC36FF00" box="[854,930,206,230]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB894DFF44FC36FF00" bold="true" box="[854,930,206,230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">HL/PL</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F4694AFFEF005089DFFF44FBB4FF00" box="[964,1056,206,230]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB89DFFF44FBB4FF00" bold="true" box="[964,1056,206,230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">PW/HW</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F4694AFFEF00508E59FF44FB07FF00" box="[1090,1171,206,230]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8E59FF44FB07FF00" bold="true" box="[1090,1171,206,230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">PL/PW</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F4694AFFEF00508EAEFF44FA9BFF00" box="[1205,1295,206,230]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8EAEFF44FA9BFF00" bold="true" box="[1205,1295,206,230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">AnL/BL</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F4694AFFEF00508F2AFF44FA1FFF00" box="[1329,1419,206,230]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8F2AFF44FA1FFF00" bold="true" box="[1329,1419,206,230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">EW/PW</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35250036FFEF00508AB8FF72FA1FFEF6" box="[163,1419,248,272]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<th id="76F4694AFFEF00508AB8FF72FE3CFEF6" box="[163,424,248,272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEFFFAB8AB8FF72FEC1FEF6" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[163,341,248,272]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokani">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8AB8FF72FEC1FEF6" bold="true" box="[163,341,248,272]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Nogunius sokani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508BF0FF72FDD0FEF6" box="[491,580,248,272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.80 mm</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050887CFF72FD2EFEF6" box="[615,698,248,272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.29</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005088C7FF72FCA1FEF6" box="[732,821,248,272]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.71</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050894DFF72FC36FEF6" box="[854,930,248,272]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.56</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005089DFFF72FBB4FEF6" box="[964,1056,248,272]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.14</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508E59FF72FB07FEF6" box="[1090,1171,248,272]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.13</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508EAEFF72FA9BFEF6" box="[1205,1295,248,272]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.44</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508F2AFF72FA1FFEF6" box="[1329,1419,248,272]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35250036FFEF00508AB8FEA8FA1FFEDC" box="[163,1419,290,314]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<th id="76F4694AFFEF00508AB8FEA8FE3CFEDC" box="[163,424,290,314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEFFFAB8AB8FEA8FE3CFEDC" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[163,424,290,314]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aogashimanus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8AB8FEA8FE3CFEDC" bold="true" box="[163,424,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Nogunius aogashimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508BF0FEA8FDD0FEDC" box="[491,580,290,314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.83 mm</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050887CFEA8FD2EFEDC" box="[615,698,290,314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.29</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005088C7FEA8FCA1FEDC" box="[732,821,290,314]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.86</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050894DFEA8FC36FEDC" box="[854,930,290,314]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.67</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005089DFFEA8FBB4FEDC" box="[964,1056,290,314]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.14</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508E59FEA8FB07FEDC" box="[1090,1171,290,314]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.13</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508EAEFEA8FA9BFEDC" box="[1205,1295,290,314]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.39</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508F2AFEA8FA1FFEDC" box="[1329,1419,290,314]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35250036FFEF00508AB8FEC6FA1FFE82" box="[163,1419,332,356]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<th id="76F4694AFFEF00508AB8FEC6FE3CFE82" box="[163,424,332,356]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEFFFAB8AB8FEC6FED7FE82" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[163,323,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerri">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8AB8FEC6FED7FE82" bold="true" box="[163,323,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Nogunius kerri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508BF0FEC6FDD0FE82" box="[491,580,332,356]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.83 mm</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050887CFEC6FD2EFE82" box="[615,698,332,356]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.38</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005088C7FEC6FCA1FE82" box="[732,821,332,356]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.92</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050894DFEC6FC36FE82" box="[854,930,332,356]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.67</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005089DFFEC6FBB4FE82" box="[964,1056,332,356]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.23</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508E59FEC6FB07FE82" box="[1090,1171,332,356]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.13</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508EAEFEC6FA9BFE82" box="[1205,1295,332,356]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.42</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508F2AFEC6FA1FFE82" box="[1329,1419,332,356]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.63</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35250036FFEF00508AB8FEFCFA1FFE68" box="[163,1419,374,398]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<th id="76F4694AFFEF00508AB8FEFCFE3CFE68" box="[163,424,374,398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEFFFAB8AB8FEFCFE18FE68" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2020" box="[163,396,374,398]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukuuzanus">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8AB8FEFCFE18FE68" bold="true" box="[163,396,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Nogunius fukuuzanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508BF0FEFCFDD0FE68" box="[491,580,374,398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.80 mm</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050887CFEFCFD2EFE68" box="[615,698,374,398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.50</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005088C7FEFCFCA1FE68" box="[732,821,374,398]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.00</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050894DFEFCFC36FE68" box="[854,930,374,398]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.75</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005089DFFEFCFBB4FE68" box="[964,1056,374,398]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.33</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508E59FEFCFB07FE68" box="[1090,1171,374,398]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.00</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508EAEFEFCFA9BFE68" box="[1205,1295,374,398]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.38</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508F2AFEFCFA1FFE68" box="[1329,1419,374,398]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35250036FFEF00508AB8FE2AFA1FFE5E" box="[163,1419,416,440]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<th id="76F4694AFFEF00508AB8FE2AFE3CFE5E" box="[163,424,416,440]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEFFFAB8AB8FE2AFEE0FE5E" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[163,372,416,440]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8AB8FE2AFEE0FE5E" bold="true" box="[163,372,416,440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Nogunius sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508BF0FE2AFDD0FE5E" box="[491,580,416,440]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.81 mm</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050887CFE2AFD2EFE5E" box="[615,698,416,440]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.38</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005088C7FE2AFCA1FE5E" box="[732,821,416,440]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.08</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF0050894DFE2AFC36FE5E" box="[854,930,416,440]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.72</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF005089DFFE2AFBB4FE5E" box="[964,1056,416,440]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.17</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508E59FE2AFB07FE5E" box="[1090,1171,416,440]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.29</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508EAEFE2AFA9BFE5E" box="[1205,1295,416,440]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">0.40</td>
<td id="76F4694AFFEF00508F2AFE2AFA1FFE5E" box="[1329,1419,416,440]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1.76</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0274FFEFFFAB8ADCFE62FE13FD88" blockId="4.[151,1437,488,622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
The
<typeStatus id="54AEBCD6FFEFFFAB8AE1FE62FEC8FDE4" box="[250,348,488,514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male of
<taxonomicName id="4C1579F7FFEFFFAB8BA5FE62FDD8FDE7" authorityName="Jałoszyński &amp; Nomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[446,588,488,514]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Nogunius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagaensis">
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8BA5FE62FE45FDE7" box="[446,465,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B961DE66FFEFFFAB8BC4FE62FDD8FDE7" box="[479,588,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">sagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected by a flight intercept trap (
<figureCitation id="132E1EF1FFEFFFAB8E5FFE62FB02FDE4" box="[1092,1174,488,514]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1664,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,676,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-201@4.[151,1436,676,1640]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 12. Collection site of Nogunius sagaensis sp. n. on Mt. Kashiwadake." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723672/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) set in evergreen forest near the top of Mt. Kashiwadake. This type of FIT was described in
<bibRefCitation id="EF847F85FFEFFFAB8993FD86FB18FDC0" author="Nomura, S. &amp; Idris, A. B." box="[904,1164,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" pagination="329 - 335" refId="ref2620" refString="Nomura, S. &amp; Idris, A. B. (2004) A new species of the genus Awas (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from the Malay Peninsula. Elytra, Tokyo, 32, 329 - 335." type="journal article" year="2004">Nomura &amp; Idris (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, and is made of 0.1 mmthin transparent plastic sheet, with a pentagonal barrier, and the receiver filled with water with a spoonful of sorbic acid for preservation.
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