plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/B9/87/03B987FAFFAEF73AFF016C74FD1DE533.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

254 lines
32 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="F0E2F785A83DC5ED095E204CD0FF4477" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00496.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5444719" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630458066632" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmidt, B. Christian" docDate="2009" docId="03B987FAFFAEF73AFF016C74FD1DE533" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00496.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (3)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00496.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Grammia kodara Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="534" masterDocId="FF80FF82FFB4F721FF926F2DFFC1E46B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="597" masterPageNumber="507" pageNumber="533" updateTime="1699278284593" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="0E6122E3FEE02E33A84FB1FA417971D4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A962F05CA018BDEEF526AF0D77E38235">
<mods:title id="3A91F66D03B47C3520E0FFA1BF04DB98">Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="29C82C47F5BB349C5C85272BFCAF2B6F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9317126011FF2CD3E7F8BB41557B462E">
<mods:roleTerm id="95030C5F409994FB863705FF5ECE19EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CAEB203323157B36E81C2B81BA1F5929">Schmidt, B. Christian</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="34DD2F84CA73EE00E10BDF32A09F59D1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F46389C13E3F04518328D2E9DAC82460" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F4056671555BB5A093048F08DB76D595">
<mods:title id="C57670A72149C7421CC7501F3A8544F6">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C0CC0D9FB50797C15763DBC69724595A">
<mods:date id="B52271F460D03C216C47FBAFFE48940E">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="497FE9FC945A362F2C9273224E012250" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="82FAF3277951064F36DAD069B28D343A">2009-07-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C35EE57B003DFE7592EF70D346756F5E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F9D4F58A8A05072853376B5C130B129B">156</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AD48487590BA7ABC5D86DB292B10C7FE" type="issue">
<mods:number id="FEA0ACDDB276D639179D30555D6930B4">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BEF74CDA4953C28A55A2C2C40A1AEE4D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="3C5F564F4BE2E3E2933EE002F7F54BF4">507</mods:start>
<mods:end id="75F4283C89A4F0883248F257A5B0B147">597</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="FE3C0CDA775BCB6B340A2C9E755DB7F2">
<mods:url id="F11BE9AFA74BC22FA49C5B823D601444">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00496.x</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="08D197E2B9B09993B9E31A343E73805A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0BD7C8730A0DC66C7A1FADBF3A4B809D" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00496.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="838871329E130C8A982D377C6AED2799" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E9F0C080E344C03E15D6C46766CAF68F" type="Zenodo-Dep">5444719</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B987FAFFAEF73AFF016C74FD1DE533" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5492375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5492375" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987FAFFAEF73AFF016C74FD1DE533" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987FAFFAEF73AFF016C74FD1DE533" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<subSubSection id="C30A6567FFAEF73BFF016C74FD33E704" box="[147,754,857,879]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAF36ECFFAEF73BFF016C74FD33E704" blockId="26.[147,754,857,879]" box="[147,754,857,879]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<heading id="D0E78180FFAEF73BFF016C74FD33E704" allCaps="true" box="[147,754,857,879]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" reason="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFF016C74FD44E705" authority="DUBATOLOV &amp; SCHMIDT" authorityName="Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2005" box="[147,645,857,878]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodara">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFF016C74FEA2E706" box="[147,355,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">GRAMMIA KODARA</emphasis>
DUBATOLOV &amp; SCHMIDT
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132B2A69FFAEF73BFD056C74FD2BE704" box="[663,746,857,879]" captionStart="Figures 12–24" captionStartId="70.[144,234,198,217]" captionText="Figures 12–24. Habitus of adult Grammia (scale bar = 1 cm). 12A, Grammia kodara Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt ♂. Paratype. Russian Federation, Kodar Mtns, Kodar village. 12B, G. kodara ♀. Paratype. Russian Federation, Kodar Mtns, Kodar village. 13A, Grammia philipiana Ferguson ♂. Holotype. USA: AK: McKinley N.P., Reflection Pond. 13B, G. philipiana ♀. Allotype. USA: AK: Ray Mtns., nr. Torment Ck. 14A, Grammia quenseli (Paykull) ♂. CAN: YT: British Mtns. 14B, G. quenseli ♀. CAN: YT: 40 km west of Dawson. 14C, G. quenseli ♂. CAN: MB: 24 km north-east of Churchill. 14D, G. quenseli ♀. CAN: MB: 24 km north-east of Churchill. 15A, Grammia margo Schmidt ♂. Holotype. CAN: AB: 7.5 km south-east of Edgerton. 15B, G. margo ♀. Paratype. CAN: AB: Red Deer. 16A, Grammia franconia (H. Edw.) ♂. CAN: ON: Carp Ridge. 16B, G. franconia ♀. CAN: ON: Carp Ridge. 17A, Grammia figurata (Drury) ♂. USA: KS: Trego Co., Cedar Bluff St. Pk. 17B, G. figurata ♂. CAN: ON: St. Williams. 17C, G. figurata ♂. CAN: ON: St. Williams. 17D, G. figurata ♀. USA: NJ: Lakehurst. 18A, Grammia f-pallida (Stkr.) ♂. USA: CO: Baca Co., Comanche Nat. Grassland. 18B, G. f-pallida ♂. USA: CO: Clear Creek Co., Mt. Evans, 10 600′. 19A, G. incorrupta (Hy. Edwards) ♂. USA: CO: Baca Co., Comanche Nat Grassland. 19B, G. incorrupta ♂. USA: AZ: Yavapai Co., Granite Dells, 4 miles north. 19C. G. incorrupta ♀. USA: AZ: Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mtns, nr. Sonoita. 20, Grammia allectans Ferguson ♂. MEX: Durango: 10 miles west of El Salto 9000′. 21A, Grammia ursina Schmidt ♂. Paratype. USA: CA: San Diego Co., MCAS Miramar. 21B, G. ursina ♀. Paratype. USA: CA: Riverside Co., Lake Matthews. 22A, Grammia nevadensis nevadensis (G. &amp; R.) ♂. USA: NV: Humboldt Co., 17 km north of Winnemuca. 22B, G. nevadensis nevadensis ♀. USA: CA: Inyo Mtns. 22C, G. nevadensis superba (Stretch) ♂. CAN: BC: Royal Oak, Saanich. 22D, G. nevadensis superba (Stretch) ♀. CAN: BC: Victoria, Mt. Douglas. 22E, G. n. nevadensis / superba intergrade ♂. USA: WA: Umptanum Ck. 22F, G. n. nevadensis / superba intergrade ♀. CAN: BC: Kanaka Bar. 22G, G. nevadensis vivida Schmidt ♂. Holotype. CAN: AB: Kootenay Plains Ecol. Res., Whirlpool Pt. 22H, G. nevadensis gibsoni (McD.) ♂. CAN: SK: Burstall. 22I, G. nevadensis geneura (Stkr.) ♂. USA: CO: Larimer Co., Estes Park 7800′. 23, Grammia yukona Schmidt ♂. Holotype. CAN: YT: Kusawa Lake. 24A, Grammia behrii (Stretch) ♂. USA: OR: Josephine Co, Eight Dollar Mtn Rd. 24B, G. behrii ♂. USA: CA: Los Angeles Co., Mojave Desert, Juniper Hills. 24C, G. behrii ♂. USA: CA: Kern Co., Greenhorn Mtns., Oak Flat lookout. 24D, G. behrii ♀. USA: CA: Los Angeles Co., Sierra Pelona Valley." pageId="26" pageNumber="533">FIG. 12</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A6567FFAEF73BFF026CADFD19E7FE" box="[144,728,895,917]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAF36ECFFAEF73BFF026CADFD19E7FE" blockId="26.[144,728,895,917]" box="[144,728,895,917]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0011C2FFAEF73BFF026CADFD19E7FE" box="[144,728,895,917]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110FDFFAEF73BFF026CADFD12E7FE" author="Dubatolov VV &amp; Schmidt BC" box="[144,723,895,917]" page="53" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" year="2005">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFF026CADFD12E7FE" authority="Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt, 2005: 53" authorityName="Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="2005" box="[144,723,895,917]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodara">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFF026CADFE99E7FF" box="[144,344,895,917]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Grammia kodara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B1DFFAEF73BFEF06C52FD12E7FE" author="Dubatolov VV &amp; Schmidt BC" box="[354,723,895,917]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" pagination="53 - 54" refId="ref61375" refString="Dubatolov VV, Schmidt BC. 2005. A new species of the genus Grammia Rambur, 1866 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) from Northeastern Transbaikalia. Euroasian Entomological Journal 4: 53 - 54." type="journal article" year="2005">Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt, 2005: 53</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A6567FFAEF73AFF026CEDFD1DE533" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAF36ECFFAEF73BFF026CEDFED7E05A" blockId="26.[144,759,960,1073]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFF026CEDFEF2E7BE" box="[144,307,960,981]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B783CB1FFAEF73BFEA96CEDFED7E05A" collectionCode="SZM, USNM" country="Russia" county="Chita Province" location="Mezhded'" municipality="Kodar Range" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54AB884EFFAEF73BFEA96CEDFE60E7BD" box="[315,417,960,982]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male from
<location id="8ECF6037FFAEF73BFDB46CEDFD54E7BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987FAFFAEF73AFF016C74FD1DE533:8ECF6037FFAEF73BFDB46CEDFD54E7BD" box="[550,661,960,982]" country="Russia" county="Chita Province" municipality="Kodar Range" name="Mezhded'" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Mezhded’</location>
,
<location id="8ECF6037FFAEF73BFD336CEDFF0EE79F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987FAFFAEF73AFF016C74FD1DE533:8ECF6037FFAEF73BFD336CEDFF0EE79F" country="Russia" county="Chita Province" municipality="Kodar Range" name="Sul'ban River" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Sul’ban River</location>
,
<location id="8ECF6037FFAEF73BFF4C6CF3FE47E79F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987FAFFAEF73AFF016C74FD1DE533:8ECF6037FFAEF73BFF4C6CF3FE47E79F" box="[222,390,990,1012]" country="Russia" county="Chita Province" municipality="Kodar Range" name="Kodar Station" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Kodar Station</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCBAC96FFAEF73BFE076CF3FDF3E79F" box="[405,562,990,1012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Kodar Range</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62CE4E60FFAEF73BFDD36CF3FD32E79F" box="[577,755,990,1012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Chita Province</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="F307767CFFAEF73BFF026CD0FF1CE078" box="[144,221,1021,1043]" name="Russia" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Russia</collectingCountry>
[
<collectionCode id="ED01AE29FFAEF73BFF7D6CD1FEEAE079" box="[239,299,1020,1042]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbbv-ydyk" name="Saitama Zoogeographical Museum" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">SZM</collectionCode>
]; male and female
<typeStatus id="54AB884EFFAEF73BFD816CD0FDB8E079" box="[531,633,1021,1042]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in
<collectionCode id="ED01AE29FFAEF73BFD3A6CD0FD36E079" box="[680,759,1021,1042]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
[examined].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36ECFFAEF73BFF026B74FD87E197" blockId="26.[144,759,1113,1532]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFF026B74FE23E005" box="[144,482,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFE876B74FE23E005" authorityName="Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2005" box="[277,482,1113,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodara">Grammia kodara</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFD4E6B74FF2CE0E7" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quenseli">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFD4E6B74FF2CE0E7" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. quenseli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFF6A6B55FE4FE0E7" authorityName="Ferguson" authorityYear="1985" box="[248,398,1143,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philipiana">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFF6A6B55FE4FE0E7" box="[248,398,1143,1165]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. philipiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFE596B55FDA4E0E7" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[459,613,1143,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Apantesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virguncula">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFE596B55FDA4E0E7" box="[459,613,1143,1165]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. virguncula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, in
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFF026BBBFF21E0C0" authorityName="Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2005" box="[144,224,1174,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodara">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFF026BBBFF21E0C0" box="[144,224,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">kodara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the broad longitudinal line between the cubital and anal vein of the forewing does not usually reach the distal margin; the dark smoky hindwing colour also distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFEF86BDFFE1FE16C" authorityName="Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2005" box="[362,478,1266,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodara">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFEF86BDFFE1FE16C" box="[362,478,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. kodara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFD4E6BDFFECAE14E" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Apantesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virguncula">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFD4E6BDFFECAE14E" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. virguncula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFEDD6A3CFE2DE14E" authorityName="Ferguson" authorityYear="1985" box="[335,492,1296,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philipiana">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFEDD6A3CFE2DE14E" box="[335,492,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. philipiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFE6D6A3CFD16E14E" box="[511,727,1296,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quenseli">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFE6D6A3CFD16E14E" box="[511,727,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Grammia quenseli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller overall with more reduced eyes, shorter male antennal rami and pale not black antennae. Internally, the long male vesica of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFE076A41FDC4E1EA" authorityName="Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2005" box="[405,517,1388,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodara">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFE076A41FDC4E1EA" box="[405,517,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. kodara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique within this group.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFF4D6AA6FE01E1CB" baseAuthorityName="Stretch" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[223,448,1419,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Holarctia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliterata">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFF4D6AA6FE01E1CB" box="[223,448,1419,1440]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Holarctia obliterata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is superficially similar, but has a yellow or yellow-orange rather than dusky hindwing, in addition to the substantial genitalic differences discussed under
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFE416ACBFDFEE190" authorityName="M. E. Smith" authorityYear="1938" box="[467,575,1510,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Holarctia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFE416ACBFDFEE190" box="[467,575,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Holarctia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36ECFFAEF73BFF02690AFB73E05E" blockId="26.[144,759,1575,1903]" lastBlockId="26.[806,1422,198,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFF02690AFEA2E257" box="[144,355,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Description: Head</emphasis>
– Palps black or yellowish buff, frons yellowish buff, vertex black centrally, yellowish buff along sides; male antennae moderately bipectinate, longest rami relatively short (2.96 ¥ 10
<superScript id="7C659BA4FFAEF73BFD3F69ADFD7CE2E6" attach="left" box="[685,701,1664,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
-
<quantity id="4CE89B09FFAEF73BFD2769ACFD7CE2E6" box="[693,701,1665,1677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" unit="mm" value="1.0">1</quantity>
</superScript>
mm,
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFF02698FFF65E2DC" box="[144,164,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">N</emphasis>
=
<specimenCount id="9D16FD65FFAEF73BFF2D698CFED2E2DC" box="[191,275,1697,1719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
); female antennae moderately biserrate; dorsal scales black; eyes strongly reduced and elliptical (diameter = 6.11 ¥ 10
<superScript id="7C659BA4FFAEF73BFE5369F1FE10E283" attach="left" box="[449,465,1756,1769]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
-
<quantity id="4CE89B09FFAEF73BFE5B69F1FE10E283" box="[457,465,1756,1768]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" unit="mm" value="1.0">1</quantity>
</superScript>
mm,
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFD8969F2FDEEE29F" box="[539,559,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">N</emphasis>
=
<specimenCount id="9D16FD65FFAEF73BFDD969F2FD62E29F" box="[587,675,1758,1780]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
); gena exposed at eye margins.
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFE5469D0FDD9E379" box="[454,536,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Thorax</emphasis>
– Vestiture black with relatively narrow, yellowish buff borders on vertex, patagia, and tegulae; black ventrally, coxa and femur black centrally, yellow at base and apex, giving striped appearance; tibia and tarsus pale buff dorsally, black ventrally.
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFBD36FC9FB6AE492" box="[1089,1195,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Abdomen</emphasis>
– Dorsal ground colour yellowish, pale buff near apex; medial and lateral markings black; black ventrally, abdominal segments bordered yellowish buff distally.
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFA9F6E6CFAB6E53D" box="[1293,1399,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Forewing</emphasis>
– forewing length
<quantity id="4CE89B09FFAEF73BFC6F6E72FB49E51F" box="[1021,1160,351,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" unit="mm" value="14.25" valueMax="16.5" valueMin="12.0">12–16.5 mm</quantity>
(male),
<quantity id="4CE89B09FFAEF73BFA936E72FA4CE51F" box="[1281,1421,351,372]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" metricValueMax="1.98" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" unit="mm" value="18.4" valueMax="19.8" valueMin="17.0">17–19.8 mm</quantity>
(female); black dorsally, vein lines complete, yellowish white; postcubital line not reaching distal margin; basal and antemedial band absent; medial band usually restricted to discal cell; postmedial band absent or restricted to discal cell; subterminal band reduced or complete; fringe, anal margin and basal 2/3 of costal margin yellowish, concolourous with remainder of line markings; ventral markings similar, slightly more diffuse.
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFBAF6D5FFB6EE6EC" box="[1085,1199,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Hindwing</emphasis>
– Ground colour yellow or entirely grey, black markings well developed, often confluent; antemedial markings smeared basad; ventrally, pale medial area brighter than dorsal side, lacking cast of dark grey scales.
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFAC76DC0FC4AE74B" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Male genitalia</emphasis>
– Distal portion of valve gradually tapering to rounded apex, slightly curved ventrocaudad; clasper poorly developed, median ridge reduced; uncus broad-based, process evenly tapered to point; juxta roughly equally high as wide; aedeagus with dorsad curve at 2/3 distance beyond base; vesica with basal and medial chamber approximately equal in length and width; distal chamber relatively large, kidney-shaped; vesica overall longer than aedeagus.
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFCB46B32FC29E05F" box="[806,1000,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Female genitalia</emphasis>
– Not examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36ECFFAEF73BFCB46B4BFC59E17E" blockId="26.[806,1421,1126,1301]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFCB46B4BFC40E010" box="[806,897,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Biology:</emphasis>
Adult collection dates range from mid June to mid July. This species is only known from the
<typeStatus id="54AB884EFFAEF73BFACE6BA8FA4CE0F1" box="[1372,1421,1157,1178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">type</typeStatus>
series, and the apparent rarity may be a result of the diurnal activity of the adults as indicated by the extremely reduced eyes. The immature stages are unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36ECFFAEF73BFCB46A6BFB16E1F1" blockId="26.[806,1422,1350,1434]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFCB46A6BFC79E130" box="[806,952,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Distribution:</emphasis>
So far recorded only from the vicinity of the
<typeStatus id="54AB884EFFAEF73BFCC06A48FC42E111" box="[850,899,1381,1402]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">type</typeStatus>
locality in the Kodar Mountain Range east of Lake Baikal, Chita Province,
<collectingCountry id="F307767CFFAEF73BFB106AA9FB13E1F1" box="[1154,1234,1412,1434]" name="Russia" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36ECFFAEF73AFCB46AE6FDFFE491" blockId="26.[806,1421,1483,1903]" lastBlockId="27.[164,778,198,250]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFCB46AE6FBE3E18A" box="[806,1058,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Molecular variation:</emphasis>
Two sequenced specimens showed very similar haplotypes, but with a minimum interspecific divergence of 2.7% (
<tableCitation id="C6920357FFAEF73BFB0E6925FB33E275" box="[1180,1266,1544,1566]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[144,208,198,217]" captionText="Table 2. Summary of mtDNA sample data for Holarctia obliterata and Grammia species, based on the 658 bp barcode region of cox1" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Three other haplotypes, one each of
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFBA7690AFA95E257" box="[1077,1364,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFBA7690AFB75E257" box="[1077,1204,1575,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quenseli">G. quenseli</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFB52690AFA95E257" baseAuthorityName="Dodge" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1216,1364,1575,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">G. williamsii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFCB4696BFC48E230" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[806,905,1606,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgo">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFCB4696BFC48E230" box="[806,905,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. virgo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED01AE29FFAEF73BFC316968FC0FE231" box="[931,974,1605,1626]" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">QE</collectionCode>
1, WI1,
<collectionCode id="ED01AE29FFAEF73BFBA16968FB93E231" box="[1075,1106,1605,1626]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">VI</collectionCode>
14, or ‘QWV’), were most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFC3A6949FBDEE212" authorityName="Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2005" box="[936,1055,1636,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodara">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFC3A6949FBDEE212" box="[936,1055,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. kodara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, together forming the Kodara lineage (
<figureCitation id="132B2A69FFAEF73BFC1969AEFC2BE2F2" box="[907,1002,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 133" captionStartId="89.[164,243,1709,1728]" captionTargetBox="[230,1380,194,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-0@89.[228,1382,194,1680]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figure 133. Neighbour-joining tree of cox1 ‘barcode’ haplotypes of Grammia species and Holarctia obliterata. Two-letter codes correspond to the species name in a given lineage. The Kodara Lineage includes Grammia quenseli (QE1), Grammia williamsii (WI1), and Grammia virgo (VI14) haplotypes. Haplotypes of the Western and Eastern lineages are shown separately in Figs 134 and 135, respectively. Numbers in parentheses indicate number of sampled specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5444757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5444757/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">Fig. 133</figureCitation>
). The QWV haplotypes were highly divergent from the remainder of these species’ haplotype complements, but the significance of this is unclear. The morphological and ecological data suggest
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFC1569D0FBC8E379" box="[903,1033,1789,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quenseli">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFC1569D0FBC8E379" box="[903,1033,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. quenseli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be the sister species to
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFAE169D0FCB7E35A" authorityName="Dubatolov &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodara">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFAE169D0FCB7E35A" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. kodara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see ‘Phylogeny’ at end of section), in which case QWV may represent the native, or at least an ancient, lineage of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAEF73BFB926874FBBEE305" box="[1024,1151,1881,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quenseli">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAEF73BFB926874FBBEE305" box="[1024,1151,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="533">G. quenseli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with introgression into
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAFF73AFF366FEBFEF9E4B0" baseAuthorityName="Dodge" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[164,312,198,219]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsii">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAFF73AFF366FEBFEF9E4B0" box="[164,312,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="534">G. williamsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAFF73AFEE36FEBFE0AE4B0" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[369,459,198,219]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgo">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAFF73AFEE36FEBFE0AE4B0" box="[369,459,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="534">G. virgo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additional sampling would be required to test this hypothesis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36ECFFAFF73AFF366E0EFD1DE533" blockId="27.[164,778,291,344]" pageId="27" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAFF73AFF366E0EFECEE553" box="[164,271,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="534">Remarks:</emphasis>
This is the only species of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D6FFFAFF73AFDDB6E09FD76E552" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1866" box="[585,695,292,313]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAFEFFAFF73AFDDB6E09FD76E552" box="[585,695,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="534">Grammia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that is known to be restricted to the Palaearctic region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink