995 lines
97 KiB
XML
995 lines
97 KiB
XML
<document id="DBBE1FA71FAF2F4305C96FD704987694" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6641038" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1655192635635" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Walter, Helmut E. & Guerrero, Pablo C." docDate="2022" docId="03B987C7FFEFFFBFFF050135FAC3FB66" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.550.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 550 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Copiapoa Britton & Rose" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FF80FFBFFFE6FFB4FFB80611FFA0FFC3" masterDocTitle="Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1699336538565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="6D4E27844667072AAFFDB322646B37CD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7F895C321F26EE736827F4E639B1A317">
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<mods:title id="C4E1E217C6F040FBC07938752775ADEE">Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A0237E57E0A3DCF9ADF719B039ED9B4F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EA24421EDA5D7E5ED5760F98832D37E4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B493978C0C72044342C8FA2B4A9546D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FCA058F8D76CCB83A70653D87BC19329">Walter, Helmut E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1689544D46FDC4F135096BF125DF08A2" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8614-0159</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F93F3DAAE7E990D8358284EB48A1CE72">The EXSIS Project: Cactaceae Ex-Situ & In-Situ Conservation, 31860, Emmerthal, Germany. & hw 582133 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8614 - 0159</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="77B49D956F3FB4A7764B8E51E03F9D4D" type="email">hw582133@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E389B863896CF2FBCADA77B11E3671A3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="038E0FD1ED4F5AA636CF32020715D903">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3414BD3464E5F741BF0C78359543F129">Guerrero, Pablo C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A96D154790F4098BC70B9E99B5BAF89D" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1034-1899</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA520DBDF40625A7631DFDB64C0AE1BE">Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales & Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C, Concepción, Chile. & Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile. & Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Ecosystems (BASE), CP 7800003, Santiago, Chile. & pabloguerrero @ udec. cl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1034 - 1899</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2784CCBBA745E122BC25460877C3FCD3" type="email">pabloguerrero@udec.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="466E966C3DA6A0FE7991BCFFDAE7766B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="65964825B262ADCA6E2456593DBBD942">
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<mods:title id="24A0B968BD411DD606089E639A44365A">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="16CA5DF6A1462240566C435C94D3813D">
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<mods:date id="B030653A89D6C1895FFC8197F4108054">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2FE99307FECEC66B0D5AE9B13502F5D4">2022-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="3B47F5DB6497A20BA71C9BB375C3E9BA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="088357C2FBD945854167CAE63E1301EC">550</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6FFAAD61168376BFB1DD8DD6FC410DB9" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="31788B55B1DE5193D6FCCFC276A748CC">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="09B9DF65815E27864BCA21AE266420CE">79</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="EAF279F37219B8F140719E8D389290A6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CF0DE8061756F8660AF30901F639597D" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6C82B0CA1CF7F5707E86E869D1FA87CF" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFEFFFBDFF050135FE4BF8FD" box="[189,491,1828,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEFFFBDFF050135FE4BF8FD" blockId="9.[136,1452,1504,2070]" box="[189,491,1828,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFF050135FE4BF8FD" bold="true" box="[189,491,1828,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEFFFBDFF050135FE47F8FD" ID-CoL="3TP8" ID-ENA="154416" authority="Britton & Rose" authorityName="Britton & Rose" box="[189,487,1828,1854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFF050135FE8BF8FD" bold="true" box="[189,299,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">Copiapoa</emphasis>
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Britton & Rose
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFEFFFBEFE540135FC23FD3A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEFFFBEFE540135FE3BFEC2" blockId="9.[136,1452,1504,2070]" lastBlockId="10.[136,1452,158,761]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">
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||
—This endemic genus has formerly been regarded as a member of the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEFFFBDFA9B0135FF6FF8A1" authority="Buxb." authorityName="Buxb." pageId="9" pageNumber="88" rank="tribe" tribe="Notacacteae">Notacacteae Buxb.</taxonomicName>
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||
, e.g. by Barthlott & Hunt (1993),Anderson (2001),
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEFFFBDFCBC0159FB93F8A1" author="Hoffmann, A. E. & Walter, H. E." box="[772,1075,1864,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refId="ref17008" refString="Hoffmann, A. E. & Walter, H. E. (2004) Cactaceas en la flora de Chile, 2 nd ed. Fundacion Claudio Gay, Santiago de Chile, 307 pp." type="book" year="2004">Hoffmann & Walter (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEFFFBDFBD20159FA90F8A0" author="Hunt, D. & Taylor, N. & Charles, G." box="[1130,1328,1864,1891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" refId="ref17156" refString="Hunt, D., Taylor, N. & Charles, G. (2006) The New Cactus Lexicon. DH Books, Milborn Port, 526 pp." type="book" year="2006">
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Hunt
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFB1F0158FB7DF8A1" box="[1191,1245,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Molecular studies by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEFFFBDFEBA017DFE15F845" author="Nyffeler, R." box="[258,437,1900,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="312 - 326" refId="ref18317" refString="Nyffeler, R. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships in the Cactus family. American Journal of Botany 89: 312 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 89.2.312" type="journal article" year="2002">Nyffeler (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEFFFBDFE7A017DFD70F845" author="Korotkova, N. & Zabel. I., T. & Quandt, D. & Bartlott, W." box="[450,720,1900,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref17277" refString="Korotkova, N., Zabel. I., T., Quandt, D. & Bartlott, W. (2010) A phylogenetic analysis of Pfeiffera and the reistatement of Lymanbensonia as an independently evolved lineage of epiphytic Cactaceae within a new tribe Lymanbensonieae. Willdenowia 40: 151 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 40.40201" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Korotkova
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFDF9017CFDDBF845" box="[577,635,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEFFFBDFD64017DFC52F845" author="Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U." box="[732,1010,1900,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="109 - 149" refId="ref18353" refString="Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U. (2010) A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae. Schumannia 6: 109 - 149." type="journal article" year="2010">Nyffeler & Eggli (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Arakaki
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||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFBE7017CFB38F845" box="[1119,1176,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011), and Hernández-Hernández
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||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFEB10180FEE1F869" box="[265,321,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2011) suggested that
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEFFFBDFDF90181FD0FF869" box="[577,687,1936,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFDF90181FD0FF869" box="[577,687,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">Copiapoa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is not a member of this tribe as it appears isolated on its own clade.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEFFFBDFF3001A5FE39F80D" author="Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U." box="[136,409,1972,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="109 - 149" refId="ref18353" refString="Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U. (2010) A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae. Schumannia 6: 109 - 149." type="journal article" year="2010">Nyffeler & Eggli (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEFFFBDFE4A01A5FDC0F80D" box="[498,608,1972,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFE4A01A5FDC0F80D" box="[498,608,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">Copiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as a genus of uncertain relationship (
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFBBC01A4FB3EF80D" box="[1028,1182,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEFFFBDFAA001A5FF57F831" author="Korotkova, N. & Zabel. I., T. & Quandt, D. & Bartlott, W." pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="151 - 172" refId="ref17277" refString="Korotkova, N., Zabel. I., T., Quandt, D. & Bartlott, W. (2010) A phylogenetic analysis of Pfeiffera and the reistatement of Lymanbensonia as an independently evolved lineage of epiphytic Cactaceae within a new tribe Lymanbensonieae. Willdenowia 40: 151 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 40.40201" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Korotkova
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||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFA2F01A4FF05F831" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
suggested a close relation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEFFFBDFD3101C9FD57F831" box="[649,759,2008,2034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFD3101C9FD57F831" box="[649,759,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">Copiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEFFFBDFC9601C9FBE4F831" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[814,1092,2008,2034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Calymmanthium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFC9601C9FC47F831" box="[814,999,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">Calymmanthium</emphasis>
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F.Ritter
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</taxonomicName>
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, although morphology, ecology, and distribution of the two genera are very different. In
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEFFFBDFD4101EDFC09F7D5" author="Nyffeler, R." box="[761,937,2044,2070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="312 - 326" refId="ref18317" refString="Nyffeler, R. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships in the Cactus family. American Journal of Botany 89: 312 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 89.2.312" type="journal article" year="2002">Nyffeler (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEFFFBDFC5801EDFACEF7D5" author="Hernandez-Hernandez, T. & Hernandez, H. M. & De-Nova, J. A. & Puente, R. & Eguiarte, L. E. & Magallon, S." box="[992,1390,2044,2070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="44 - 61" refId="ref16906" refString="Hernandez-Hernandez, T., Hernandez, H. M., De-Nova, J. A., Puente, R., Eguiarte, L. E. & Magallon, S. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of growth form in Cactaceae (Caryophyllales, Eudicotyledoneae). American Journal of Botany 98: 44 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 12066" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Hernández-Hernández
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEFFFBDFB5B01ECFABBF7D5" box="[1251,1307,2044,2070]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, both genera appear together in a polytomy. Finally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFECFFBEFD18068EFCCFFF7B" author="Hunt, D. & Taylor, N. & Charles, G." box="[672,879,158,185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" refId="ref17187" refString="Hunt, D., Taylor, N. & Charles, G. (2013) The New Cactus Lexicon, Atlas of Illustrations. Dh Books, Milborn Port, 373 pp." type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Hunt
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFD59068EFCBCFF7B" box="[737,796,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
accepted Doweld`s (2002) recognition of a “tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFF3006D3FEA6FF1F" box="[136,262,194,220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" rank="tribe" tribe="Copiapoae">Copiapoae</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. In consideration of the complex situation and the lack of data, we here consider
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFECFFBEFB3306D3FA0CFF1F" author="Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U." box="[1163,1452,194,220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" pagination="109 - 149" refId="ref18353" refString="Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U. (2010) A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae. Schumannia 6: 109 - 149." type="journal article" year="2010">Nyffeler & Eggli’s (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concept (
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFF5706F6FE2AFEC3" box="[239,394,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF05071BFC23FD3A" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Several infrageneric classifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFDD4071AFD7AFEE6" box="[620,730,267,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFDD4071AFD7AFEE6" box="[620,730,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Copiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on morphological characters had been proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFECFFBEFAD4071BFF73FE8B" author="Ritter, F." pageId="10" pageNumber="89" refId="ref18411" refString="Ritter, F. (1980) Kakteen in Su ¨ damerika, vol. 3. Friedrich Ritter Selbstverlag, Spangenberg, 381 pp." type="book" year="1980">Ritter (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[two subgenera (subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFDBB073FFD55FE8B" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[515,757,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Pilocopiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFDBB073FFD3AFE8B" box="[515,666,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Pilocopiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
F.Ritter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFC21073EFBC4FE8A" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[921,1124,302,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFC21073EFBA7FE8A" box="[921,1031,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Copiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
F.Ritter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and five unnamed sections].
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFECFFBEFF300743FE95FEAF" author="Doweld, A. B." box="[136,309,338,364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" pagination="46 - 56" refId="ref16374" refString="Doweld, A. B. (2002) On the phylogeny and systematics of the genus Copiapoa Britton & Rose. Sukkulenty 2001, series I - II 4: 46 - 56." type="journal article" year="2002">Doweld (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed three sections (sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFD200743FBA1FEAF" authority="(F. Ritter) Doweld" authorityName="Doweld" baseAuthorityName="F. Ritter" box="[664,1025,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Pilocopiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFD200743FC8FFEAF" box="[664,815,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Pilocopiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
(F.Ritter) Doweld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(one serie), sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB680743FAE9FEAF" box="[1232,1353,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Echinopoa</emphasis>
|
||
Doweld (two series:
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFEB60767FE27FE53" box="[270,391,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Echinoidei</emphasis>
|
||
Doweld and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFDA10766FD6FFE52" authority="Doweld" authorityName="Doweld" authorityYear="2002" box="[537,719,374,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Cinerei" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFDA10766FDCCFE52" box="[537,620,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Cinerei</emphasis>
|
||
Doweld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFCFF0766FC15FE52" box="[839,949,375,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFCFF0766FC15FE52" box="[839,949,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Copiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two series:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFBF90767FB58FE53" authority="Doweld" authorityName="Doweld" box="[1089,1272,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFBF90767FB3AFE53" box="[1089,1178,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Humilis</emphasis>
|
||
Doweld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA940766FA3AFE52" box="[1324,1434,375,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA940766FA3AFE52" box="[1324,1434,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Copiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); mainly based on general morphological data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFECFFBEFD39078BFD59FE77" author="Hunt, D." box="[641,761,410,436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" pagination="15 - 17" refId="ref17046" refString="Hunt, D. (2001) Coping with Copiapoa - continued. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 12: 15 - 17." type="journal article" year="2001">Hunt 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and stem mucilage and/or root
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AB8873FFECFFBEFBE6078AFB3DFE76" box="[1118,1181,411,437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFECFFBEFB1E078BFA9FFE77" author="Taylor, N. P." box="[1190,1343,410,436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" pagination="18" refId="ref18860" refString="Taylor, N. P. (2001) Roots and mucilage in Copiapoa. Cactaceae Systematics Initiative 12: 18." type="journal article" year="2001">Taylor (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed two subgenera (subgen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFE2C07AFFD53FE1A" authority="(F. Ritter) F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" baseAuthorityName="F. Ritter" box="[404,755,446,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Pilocopiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFE2C07AFFD8BFE1B" box="[404,555,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Pilocopiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
(F.Ritter) F.Ritter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and subgen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFC3207AEFC58FE1A" box="[906,1016,447,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFC3207AEFC58FE1A" box="[906,1016,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Copiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(five unformal “groups”: “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA9C07AEFA38FE1B" box="[1316,1432,447,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA9C07AEFA38FE1B" box="[1316,1432,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFF2C07F2FF47FE3F" box="[148,231,483,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFF2C07F2FF47FE3F" box="[148,231,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFEA907F3FEDEFE3F" box="[273,382,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypogaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFEA907F3FEDEFE3F" box="[273,382,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">hypogaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFE1F07F2FD8BFE3F" box="[423,555,483,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFE1F07F2FD8BFE3F" box="[423,555,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFD3E07F3FD78FE3F" box="[646,728,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFD3E07F3FD78FE3F" box="[646,728,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">humilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”). None of these concepts were corroborated by the molecular phylogeny presented by Larridon
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFE440416FD93FDE3" box="[508,563,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015) whose data retrieved the four well supported sections: sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFAAC0417FA0BFDE3" box="[1300,1451,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Pilocopiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAAC0417FA0BFDE3" box="[1300,1451,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Pilocopiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(with 1 species), sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFE34043BFD81FD87" box="[396,545,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Mammilopoa</emphasis>
|
||
Helmut Walter & Larridon (1 species), sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB89043AFB3FFD86" box="[1073,1183,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Copiopoa</emphasis>
|
||
[with two subsections: subsect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFF52045EFD49FDAB" authority="(Doweld) Helmut Walter & Larridon" authorityName="Helmut Walter & Larridon" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Doweld" box="[234,745,590,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Cinerei" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFF52045EFE9DFDAA" box="[234,317,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Cinerei</emphasis>
|
||
(Doweld) Helmut Walter & Larridon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 species), subsect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFC66045EFBECFDAA" box="[990,1100,591,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFC66045EFBECFDAA" box="[990,1100,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Copiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(22 species)], sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA8A045FFA0BFDAB" box="[1330,1451,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Echinopoa</emphasis>
|
||
(Doweld) Helmut Walter & Larridon (5 species) and two basal unnamed monotypic clades (“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFB200462FAD0FD4F" box="[1176,1392,626,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB200462FAD0FD4F" box="[1176,1392,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Copiapoa australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFF2C0486FE98FD73" box="[148,312,662,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFF2C0486FE98FD73" box="[148,312,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Copiapoa laui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”) (see the proposed key below). According to the results of the phylogenetic analyses five speciescomplexes were split:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFEC704AAFD15FD17" authority="(Phil.) Hutchison" authorityName="Hutchison" baseAuthorityName="Phil." box="[383,693,698,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFEC704AAFE50FD17" box="[383,496,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. humilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Phil.) Hutchison
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFD7904AAFB90FD16" authority="(Phil.) Britton & Rose" authorityName="Britton & Rose" baseAuthorityName="Phil." box="[705,1072,698,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFD7904AAFC93FD17" box="[705,819,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
(Phil.) Britton & Rose
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFB8104AAFA08FD16" authority="(Werderm.) Looser" authorityName="Looser" baseAuthorityName="Werderm." box="[1081,1448,698,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taltalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB8104AAFB6CFD17" box="[1081,1228,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. taltalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Werderm.) Looser
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFF3004CEFEC8FD3B" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[136,360,734,761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFF3004CEFEABFD3B" box="[136,267,735,761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. montana</emphasis>
|
||
F.Ritter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFE1A04CEFC23FD3A" authority="(Rumpler) Britton & Rose." authorityName="Britton & Rose." baseAuthorityName="Rumpler" box="[418,899,734,761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coquimbana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFE1A04CEFDEDFD3B" box="[418,589,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. coquimbana</emphasis>
|
||
(Rümpler) Britton & Rose.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFECFFBFFF300532FA0AFCDA" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FF8161E0FFECFFBFFF300532FA0AFCDA" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF300532FA0BFCB2" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300532FA0AFC96" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300532FA0AFC96" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
1. Bract scales numerous distributed all over pericarpel and hypanthium, axils very woolly; ribs to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFB5B0533FA8CFCFB" box="[1251,1324,802,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high (Sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFF6B0551FE22FC95" box="[211,386,832,854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Pilocopiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">PILOCOPIAPOA</taxonomicName>
|
||
)..........................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA91052EFA0AFC96" bold="true" box="[1321,1450,831,853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
31.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFAF5052EFA0AFC96" ID-CoL="Y4G5" box="[1357,1450,831,853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAF5052EFA0AFC96" bold="true" box="[1357,1450,831,853]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. solaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30054CFA0BFCB2" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,860,882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30054CFA0BFCB2" box="[136,1451,860,882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Bract scales few, mainly near hypanthium rim, axils only rarely with fine tiny hairs; ribs ≤
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFB8D054DFBC3FCB1" box="[1077,1123,860,882]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high............................................2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF300568FA0BFC68" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300568FA0BFC4D" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,889,911]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300568FA0BFC4D" box="[136,1451,889,911]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">2. Ribs in mature plants dissolved into ±conical tubercles; stems soft to the touch ..............................................................................3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300587FA0BFC68" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,918,940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300587FA0BFC68" box="[136,1451,918,940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Ribs not dissolved into conical tubercles (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFD740587FCEDFC68" ID-CoL="Y4FF" box="[716,845,918,939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFD740587FCEDFC68" box="[716,845,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), stems soft or not so................................................................4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF3005A2FA0BFC26" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3005A2FA0AFC0B" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1450,946,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3005A2FA0AFC0B" box="[136,1450,946,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
3. Tubercles obtuse; epidermis ±pruinose; ribs 8-10 (unnamed Section)
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFCD205A2FA80FC0B" box="[874,1312,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">.........................................................................</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA9905A2FA0AFC0B" bold="true" box="[1313,1450,946,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA8105A2FA0AFC0B" ID-CoL="5ZYQP" box="[1337,1450,946,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA8105A2FA0AFC0B" bold="true" box="[1337,1450,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3005C1FA0BFC26" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,975,997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3005C1FA0BFC26" box="[136,1451,975,997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">- Tubercles pronounced; epidermis not pruinose; ribs more numerous................................................................................................5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF3005FDFA0BFBDC" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3005FDFA0BFBC1" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1004,1026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3005FDFA0BFBC1" box="[136,1451,1004,1026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
4. Stems dwarf (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFEE105FDFE00FBC1" box="[345,416,1004,1026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.); tubercles and spines minute (Unnamed Section ..................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAFC05FDFA0BFBC1" bold="true" box="[1348,1451,1004,1026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
21.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFAD005FDFA0BFBC1" ID-CoL="Y4FC" box="[1384,1451,1004,1026]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAD005FDFA0BFBC1" bold="true" box="[1384,1451,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. laui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30021BFA0BFBDC" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1033,1055]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30021BFA0BFBDC" box="[136,1451,1033,1055]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFE940218FEFBFBDC" box="[300,347,1033,1055]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; tubercles large, spines much longer (Sect. HUMILIS)...............................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA980218FA98FBDD" bold="true" box="[1312,1336,1033,1054]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">19</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFAFC0218FA0BFBDC" ID-CoL="Y4F6" box="[1348,1451,1033,1055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAFC0218FA0BFBDC" bold="true" box="[1348,1451,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. humilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF300237FA0BFB9B" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300237FA0BFBFF" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1062,1084]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300237FA0BFBFF" box="[136,1451,1062,1084]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
5. Plants usually mound-forming; ribs to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFDFE0237FDD5FBF8" box="[582,629,1062,1083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high; fruits large, 1.5–2.0 cm (Sect. ECHINOPOA) ...................................................6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300252FA0BFB9B" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1090,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300252FA0BFB9B" box="[136,1451,1090,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Plants mound-forming or not; ribs lower; fruits <
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFD130253FD4BFB9B" box="[683,747,1090,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
(Sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFC970252FC09FB9A" ID-CoL="3TP8" box="[815,937,1091,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">COPIAPOA</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFC0A0252FA32FB9B" box="[946,1426,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">................................................................................</emphasis>
|
||
10
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF30024EFA11FB52" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30024EFA0BFBB6" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1119,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30024EFA0BFBB6" box="[136,1451,1119,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">6. Tubercles inconspicuous; roots fascicular..........................................................................................................................................7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30026CFA11FB52" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1457,1148,1170]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30026CFA11FB52" box="[136,1457,1148,1170]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">- Tubercles well pronounced; taproots of different lengths ..................................................................................................................8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF30028BFA0AFB08" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30028BFA0BFB6C" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1177,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30028BFA0BFB6C" box="[136,1451,1177,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
7. Mounds up to 2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFE3C0288FE1DFB6C" box="[388,445,1177,1199]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
; stems often pruinose; ribs to 30; areoles far apart ..............................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAA00288FA0BFB6C" bold="true" box="[1304,1451,1177,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
11.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA830288FA0BFB6C" ID-CoL="5ZYR8" box="[1339,1451,1177,1199]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dealbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA830288FA0BFB6C" bold="true" box="[1339,1451,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. dealbata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3002A7FA0AFB08" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1450,1205,1228]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3002A7FA0AFB08" box="[136,1450,1205,1228]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Mounds much smaller, ribs to 15; stems never pruinose; areoles closely set .........................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAB902A7FAB9FB08" bold="true" box="[1281,1305,1206,1227]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">14</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA9D02A7FA0AFB08" ID-CoL="5ZYQD" box="[1317,1450,1205,1227]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA9D02A7FA0AFB08" bold="true" box="[1317,1450,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. echinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF3002C2FA0BFAC6" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3002C2FA0BFB2B" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1234,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3002C2FA0BFB2B" box="[136,1451,1234,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
8. Stems
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFEAB02C3FEFAFB2B" box="[275,346,1234,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; tubercles with large chins ....................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB4702C3FA0BFB2B" bold="true" box="[1279,1451,1234,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
16.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA9B02C2FA0BFB2B" ID-CoL="5ZYQJ" box="[1315,1451,1234,1256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fiedleriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA9B02C2FA0BFB2B" bold="true" box="[1315,1451,1234,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. fiedleriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3002E1FA0BFAC6" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1263,1285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3002E1FA0BFAC6" box="[136,1451,1263,1285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Stems
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFEAB02E1FEC6FAC6" box="[275,358,1264,1285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="13.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="8.0">8–18 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., usually chinless ..............................................................................................................................................9
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF30031DFA0BFAFD" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30031DFA0BFAE1" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1292,1314]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30031DFA0BFAE1" box="[136,1451,1292,1314]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
9. Stems
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFEAB031DFEC6FAE1" box="[275,358,1292,1314]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; new spines black, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFDC0031DFD07FAE1" box="[632,679,1292,1314]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
.................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB48031DFA0BFAE1" bold="true" box="[1264,1451,1292,1314]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFAAC031DFA0BFAE1" ID-CoL="5ZYR9" box="[1300,1451,1292,1314]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coquimbana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAAC031DFA0BFAE1" bold="true" box="[1300,1451,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. coquimbana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30033BFA0BFAFD" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1321,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30033BFA0BFAFD" box="[136,1451,1321,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFE940338FEC7FAFC" box="[300,359,1321,1343]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; new spines brownish, later golden yellow, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFCDA0338FC31FAFC" box="[866,913,1321,1343]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
....................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA880338FA0BFAFD" bold="true" box="[1328,1451,1321,1342]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFAF00338FA0BFAFD" ID-CoL="5ZYQM" box="[1352,1451,1321,1342]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAF00338FA0BFAFD" bold="true" box="[1352,1451,1321,1342]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF300357FA0BFABB" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300357FA0BFA98" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1350,1372]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300357FA0BFA98" box="[136,1451,1350,1372]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">10. Rib number up to 40; roots always fascicular; stem tissue very hard (Subsect. CINAREI .............................................................11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300372FA0BFABB" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1379,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300372FA0BFABB" box="[136,1451,1379,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Rib number <26, roots various; stem tissue not very hard (Subsect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFCE20372FC74FABA" ID-CoL="3TP8" box="[858,980,1379,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">COPIAPOA</taxonomicName>
|
||
).........................................................................12
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF300391FA0AFA72" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300391FA0AFA57" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1450,1407,1429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300391FA0AFA57" box="[136,1450,1407,1429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
11. Plants forming loose groups or solitary; apical wool grey..............................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA95036EFA0AFA57" bold="true" box="[1325,1450,1407,1428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFAFD036EFA0AFA57" ID-CoL="5ZZ2V" box="[1349,1450,1407,1428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAFD036EFA0AFA57" bold="true" box="[1349,1450,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30038CFA0AFA72" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1450,1436,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30038CFA0AFA72" box="[136,1450,1436,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Plants forming large dense mounds; apical wool (orange)-brown..............................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAAD038DFA0AFA72" bold="true" box="[1301,1450,1436,1457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA81038DFA0AFA72" ID-CoL="5ZYQL" box="[1337,1450,1436,1457]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA81038DFA0AFA72" bold="true" box="[1337,1450,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF3003A8FA0BFA28" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3003A8FA0BFA0C" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1465,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3003A8FA0BFA0C" box="[136,1451,1465,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
12. Ribs dissolved into conical tubercles .......................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFABB03A8FA0BFA0C" bold="true" box="[1283,1451,1465,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
23.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA9F03A8FA0BFA0C" ID-CoL="Y4FF" box="[1319,1451,1465,1487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA9F03A8FA0BFA0C" bold="true" box="[1319,1451,1465,1487]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3003C7FA0BFA28" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1494,1516]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3003C7FA0BFA28" box="[136,1451,1494,1516]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">- Ribs not so ........................................................................................................................................................................................13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF3003E2FA0BF9E6" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3003E2FA0BF9CB" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1523,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3003E2FA0BF9CB" box="[136,1451,1523,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
13. Stem tissue somewhat hard (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFDF503E2FD67F9CA" ID-CoL="Y4F7" box="[589,711,1523,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypogaea">C. hypogaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
)......................................................................................................................14
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300001FA0BF9E6" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1551,1573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300001FA0BF9E6" box="[136,1451,1551,1573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">- Stem tissue ±soft-fleshy ...................................................................................................................................................................29</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF30003DFA11F99C" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30003DFA0BF981" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1580,1602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30003DFA0BF981" box="[136,1451,1580,1602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
14. Bract-scales on hypanthium and fruits large, broad and fleshy; hilum very large ...................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFABB003DFA0BF981" bold="true" box="[1283,1451,1580,1602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
26.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA9F003DFA0BF981" ID-CoL="Y4FK" box="[1319,1451,1580,1602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA9F003DFA0BF981" bold="true" box="[1319,1451,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. megarhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30005BFA11F99C" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1457,1609,1631]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30005BFA11F99C" box="[136,1457,1609,1631]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">- Bract scales and hilum not as above.................................................................................................................................................15</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF300077FA0BF95A" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300077FA0BF9B8" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1638,1660]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300077FA0BF9B8" box="[136,1451,1638,1660]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">15. Rib number usually 15–25................................................................................................................................................................24</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300092FA0BF95A" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1666,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300092FA0BF95A" box="[136,1451,1666,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">- rib number usually low (8–15) .........................................................................................................................................................16</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF30008EFA0BF912" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30008EFA0BF976" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1695,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30008EFA0BF976" box="[136,1451,1695,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">16. Roots fascicular ................................................................................................................................................................................17</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3000ACFA0BF912" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1724,1746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3000ACFA0BF912" box="[136,1451,1724,1746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">- Roots usually tuberous or long to short taproots ..............................................................................................................................18</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF3000C8FA0BF8C8" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3000C8FA0BF92C" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1753,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3000C8FA0BF92C" box="[136,1451,1753,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
17. Stem diam.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFEFE00C8FE2DF92C" box="[326,397,1753,1775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
...............................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB5700C8FA0BF92C" bold="true" box="[1263,1451,1753,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFABF00C8FA0BF92C" ID-CoL="5ZYR6" box="[1287,1451,1753,1775]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFABF00C8FA0BF92C" bold="true" box="[1287,1451,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. conglomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3000E7FA0BF8C8" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1781,1804]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3000E7FA0BF8C8" box="[136,1451,1781,1804]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Stem diam. larger, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFE1900E7FE7CF8C8" box="[417,476,1782,1804]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB6700E7FA0BF8C8" bold="true" box="[1247,1451,1781,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
23.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFABB00E7FA0BF8C8" ID-CoL="Y4FG" box="[1283,1451,1781,1803]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longistaminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFABB00E7FA0BF8C8" bold="true" box="[1283,1451,1781,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. longistaminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF300102FA0BF886" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300102FA0BF8EB" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1811,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300102FA0BF8EB" box="[136,1451,1811,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">18. Interior perianth segments yellow, without red mid-stripes; style whitish-yellow ..........................................................................19</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300121FA0BF886" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1839,1861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300121FA0BF886" box="[136,1451,1839,1861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">- Interior perianth segments yellowish with red mid-stripes of different widths; style pink to red....................................................22</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF30015DFA0BF8BC" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30015DFA0BF8A2" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1868,1890]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30015DFA0BF8A2" box="[136,1451,1868,1890]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
19. Plants mound-forming; stems elongating; spines short (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFD5E015DFCF6F8A1" box="[742,854,1868,1890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
), straight ................................................................................20
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF30017BFA0BF8BC" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1451,1897,1919]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF30017BFA0BF8BC" box="[136,1451,1897,1919]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Plants solitary to few-headed; stems only slightly elongating; spines long (to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFC0F0178FC4AF8BC" box="[951,1002,1897,1919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
), partly curved ......................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFABF0178FA0BF8BC" bold="true" box="[1287,1451,1897,1919]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
32.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFA930178FA0BF8BC" ID-CoL="Y4G9" box="[1323,1451,1897,1919]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taltalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFA930178FA0BF8BC" bold="true" box="[1323,1451,1897,1919]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. taltalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF300197FA11F87B" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF300197FA0AF858" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1450,1925,1948]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF300197FA0AF858" box="[136,1450,1925,1948]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
20. Rib tubercles much pronounced, furrows undulate..........................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB6D0197FA0AF858" bold="true" box="[1237,1450,1925,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
30.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFB410197FA0AF858" ID-CoL="Y4G4" box="[1273,1450,1925,1947]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentisulcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB410197FA0AF858" bold="true" box="[1273,1450,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. serpentisulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3001B2FA11F87B" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1457,1955,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3001B2FA11F87B" box="[136,1457,1955,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">- Ribs only somewhat tuberculate, furrows not undulate ...................................................................................................................21</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBEFF3001D1FA0BF7CD" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3001D1FA0AF816" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" box="[136,1450,1983,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3001D1FA0AF816" box="[136,1450,1983,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
21. Plants forming loose mounds; stems ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFDEE01D1FD25F816" box="[598,645,1984,2005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; longer ones prostrate; fruit
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFC6B01D1FC5CF816" box="[979,1020,1984,2005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity>
|
||
.........................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFB4101AEFA0AF816" bold="true" box="[1273,1450,1983,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFAA501AEFA0AF816" ID-CoL="5ZZ2W" box="[1309,1450,1983,2005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorticans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAA501AEFA0AF816" bold="true" box="[1309,1450,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. decorticans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBEFF3001CCFA0BF7CD" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBEFF3001CCFA0BF7CD" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
- Plants forming compact mounds; stems apically flattened, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFCA601CDFCF9F831" box="[798,857,2012,2034]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; stems not prostrate; fruit
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFB2B01CDFB74F831" box="[1171,1236,2012,2034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFABB01E8FA0BF7CD" bold="true" box="[1283,1451,2041,2062]" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFECFFBEFAA301E8FA0BF7CD" ID-CoL="5ZYR7" box="[1307,1451,2041,2062]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFECFFBEFAA301E8FA0BF7CD" bold="true" box="[1307,1451,2041,2062]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFECFFBFFF300E07FA0BFF2D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFECFFBFFF300E07FA0BFF77" blockId="10.[136,1457,802,2092]" lastBlockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFECFFBFFF300E07FA0BFF77" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
|
||
22. Plants mound-forming; stems green, not pruinose, to12 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFD460E07FC9CF7E8" box="[766,828,2070,2092]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
; flowers 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFC060E07FBA2F7E8" box="[958,1026,2070,2092]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, funnel-form; spines to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFECFFBEFB5E0E07FAB8F7E8" box="[1254,1304,2070,2092]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, thick .............. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................23
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF3006ADFA0BFF2D" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF3006ADFA0BFF2D" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
- Plants solitary to few-headed; stems grey-green, ±pruinose, to 8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFCE206ADFC39FF12" box="[858,921,188,209]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
; flowers small, (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFB8206ADFB21FF12" box="[1082,1153,188,210]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
), campanulate; spines short, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFF6B06C9FEB7FF2D" box="[211,279,216,238]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, thin ....................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA9C06C9FA0BFF2D" bold="true" box="[1316,1451,216,238]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA8406C8FA0BFF2D" ID-CoL="Y4DZ" box="[1340,1451,216,238]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aphanes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA8406C8FA0BFF2D" bold="true" box="[1340,1451,216,238]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. aphanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEDFFBFFF3006E7FA0BFEEB" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF3006E7FA0BFEC9" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,245,267]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF3006E7FA0BFEC9" box="[136,1451,245,267]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
23. Mounds usually loose, spines to 10, (red)-brown, partly curved ................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAAC06E4FA0BFEC9" bold="true" box="[1300,1451,245,266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
29.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA8006E4FA0BFEC9" ID-CoL="Y4FY" box="[1336,1451,245,266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA8006E4FA0BFEC9" bold="true" box="[1336,1451,245,266]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. rupestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF300702FA0BFEEB" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,274,296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF300702FA0BFEEB" box="[136,1451,274,296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
- Mounds compact, spines to 20, completely hiding stem, black, straight ...............................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFB430703FA0BFEEB" bold="true" box="[1275,1451,274,296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFAA70703FA0BFEEB" ID-CoL="5ZZ38" box="[1311,1451,274,296]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="desertorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAA70703FA0BFEEB" bold="true" box="[1311,1451,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. desertorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEDFFBFFF30073EFA11FEBD" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF30073EFA0BFE86" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,303,325]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF30073EFA0BFE86" box="[136,1451,303,325]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">24. Plants large, forming loose or dense mounds; rib tubercles inconspicuous, areoles closely set in older plants ..............................25</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF30075DFA11FEBD" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF30075DFA11FEBD" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">- Plants small to medium-sized, not much elongating, few-headed, rib tubercles pronounced; areoles not crowded ........................... ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................27</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEDFFBFFF300794FA0BFE7B" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF300794FA0AFE59" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1450,389,411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF300794FA0AFE59" box="[136,1450,389,411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
25. Plants forming large, dense mounds; stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFD350794FD68FE58" box="[653,712,389,411]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., pruinose....................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFB450794FA0AFE59" bold="true" box="[1277,1450,389,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFAAD0794FA0AFE59" ID-CoL="5ZZ2M" box="[1301,1450,389,410]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAAD0794FA0AFE59" bold="true" box="[1301,1450,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. atacamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF3007B2FA0BFE7B" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,418,440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF3007B2FA0BFE7B" box="[136,1451,418,440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
- Mounds smaller, loose; stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFDB607B3FDE9FE7B" box="[526,585,418,440]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., only sometimes pruinose........................................................................................26
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEDFFBFFF3007AEFA0BFE32" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF3007AEFA0BFE16" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,447,469]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF3007AEFA0BFE16" box="[136,1451,447,469]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
26. Stems light grey-green, sometimes pruinose, spines to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFD6707AEFCAEFE16" box="[735,782,447,469]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
......................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAAC07AEFA0BFE16" bold="true" box="[1300,1451,447,469]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA9407AEFA0BFE16" ID-CoL="5ZYQY" box="[1324,1451,447,469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calderana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA9407AEFA0BFE16" bold="true" box="[1324,1451,447,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. calderana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF3007CDFA0BFE32" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,476,498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF3007CDFA0BFE32" box="[136,1451,476,498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
- Stems green, never pruinose, spines to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFDF107CDFDD8FE32" box="[585,632,476,498]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
............................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFABC07CDFA0BFE32" bold="true" box="[1284,1451,476,497]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
25.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA9007CDFA0BFE32" ID-CoL="Y4FJ" box="[1320,1451,476,497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA9007CDFA0BFE32" bold="true" box="[1320,1451,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEDFFBFFF3007E8FA0BFDE8" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF3007E8FA0BFDCD" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,504,527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF3007E8FA0BFDCD" box="[136,1451,504,527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
27. Plants subglobose, temporarily geophytic; epidermis grey-brown ...........................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAB407E9FA0BFDCD" bold="true" box="[1292,1451,504,526]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
20.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA8807E8FA0BFDCD" ID-CoL="Y4F7" box="[1328,1451,504,526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypogaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA8807E8FA0BFDCD" bold="true" box="[1328,1451,504,526]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. hypogaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF300407FA0BFDE8" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,533,555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF300407FA0BFDE8" box="[136,1451,533,555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">- Plants globose to somewhat elongate; epidermis grey-green...........................................................................................................28</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEDFFBFFF300423FA0BFDA6" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF300423FA0BFD8B" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,562,584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF300423FA0BFD8B" box="[136,1451,562,584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
28. Stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFE940423FEC7FD8B" box="[300,359,562,584]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., not pruinose; areoles large .....................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAAB0423FA0BFD8B" bold="true" box="[1299,1451,562,584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
28.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA8F0423FA0BFD8B" ID-CoL="Y4FP" box="[1335,1451,562,584]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA8F0423FA0BFD8B" bold="true" box="[1335,1451,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF300441FA0BFDA6" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,591,613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF300441FA0BFDA6" box="[136,1451,591,613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
- Stems
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFEAB045EFEFAFDA6" box="[275,346,591,613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; ± pruinose; areoles smaller ......................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAB7045EFA0BFDA6" bold="true" box="[1295,1451,591,613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
22.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA8B045EFA0BFDA6" ID-CoL="5ZYQK" box="[1331,1451,591,613]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA8B045EFA0BFDA6" bold="true" box="[1331,1451,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. leonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEDFFBFFF30047DFA0BFD5D" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF30047DFA0AFD42" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1450,619,642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF30047DFA0AFD42" box="[136,1450,619,642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
29. Plants mound-forming; stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFDB5047DFDE8FD42" box="[525,584,620,641]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; tubercles not chinned ...................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFB41047DFA0AFD42" bold="true" box="[1273,1450,619,641]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
18.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFAA5047DFA0AFD42" ID-CoL="Y4F2" box="[1309,1450,619,641]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAA5047DFA0AFD42" bold="true" box="[1309,1450,619,641]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF300498FA0BFD5D" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,649,671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF300498FA0BFD5D" box="[136,1451,649,671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
- Plants solitary to few-headed; stems
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFD8B0498FDDAFD5D" box="[563,634,649,670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; tubercles ±chinned .........................................................................................30
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEDFFBFFF3004B7FA12FD14" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF3004B7FA0AFD78" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1450,677,699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF3004B7FA0AFD78" box="[136,1450,677,699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
30. Ribs broad and flattened............................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAB504B4FA0AFD78" bold="true" box="[1293,1450,677,699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
27.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA8904B4FA0AFD78" ID-CoL="Y4FM" box="[1329,1450,677,699]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA8904B4FA0AFD78" bold="true" box="[1329,1450,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. mollicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF3004D2FA12FD14" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1458,706,728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF3004D2FA12FD14" box="[136,1458,706,728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">- Ribs narrower and deeper.................................................................................................................................................................31</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEDFFBFFF3004CEFA0AFCDA" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF3004CEFA0BFD36" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1451,735,757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF3004CEFA0BFD36" box="[136,1451,735,757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
31. Flowers large, broadly campanulate; stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFD3404F1FD1BFD36" box="[652,699,736,757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam. green, not pruinose...................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFB5404CEFA0BFD36" bold="true" box="[1260,1451,735,757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFAA804CEFA0BFD36" ID-CoL="5ZYQC" box="[1296,1451,735,757]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esmeraldana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAA804CEFA0BFD36" bold="true" box="[1296,1451,735,757]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. esmeraldana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF300515FA0AFCDA" blockId="11.[136,1458,159,793]" box="[136,1450,771,793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEDFFBFFF300515FA0AFCDA" box="[136,1450,771,793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
- Flowers small, narrowly funnel-form; stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEDFFBFFD210512FD6BFCDA" box="[665,715,771,793]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
, grey-brown, somewhat pruinose........................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFB450512FA0AFCDA" bold="true" box="[1277,1450,771,793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFAAD0512FA0AFCDA" ID-CoL="Y4DY" box="[1301,1450,771,793]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAAD0512FA0AFCDA" bold="true" box="[1301,1450,771,793]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. angustiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFEDFFBFFF050556FAC3FB66" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF050556FD0DFBD6" blockId="11.[136,1452,839,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Several new taxa in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFDAD0559FD23FCA1" box="[533,643,840,866]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFDAD0559FD23FCA1" box="[533,643,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Copiapoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recently proposed in different journals. As none of them had been included in the sampling of a molecular-based study, we decided not to accept them as long as they are not corroborated by molecular phylogenies:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110C0FFEDFFBFFE0E0581FA92FC69" author="Piombetti" box="[438,1330,911,938]" issue="3" journal="Xerophilia" page="76" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="4" year="2015">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFE0E0581FC51FC6A" authority="Piombetti" authorityName="Piombetti" box="[438,1009,911,938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="coquimbana" subSpecies="rubrispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFE0E0581FD14FC6A" box="[438,692,911,938]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Copiapoa coquimbana</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFCB0059EFCDEFC6A" box="[776,894,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">rubrispina</emphasis>
|
||
Piombetti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Xerophilia 4(3): 76. 2015
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110C0FFEDFFBFFA850581FC25FC0D" author="Piombetti" issue="3" journal="Xerophilia" page="78" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="4" year="2015">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA850581FDE3FC0E" ID-CoL="5GLHK" authority="Piombetti" authorityName="Piombetti" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="longispinea" subSpecies="imperialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA850581FEABFC0E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Copiapoa longispinea</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFEE605A2FE70FC0E" box="[350,464,947,973]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">imperialis</emphasis>
|
||
Piombetti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Xerophilia 4(3): 78. 2015
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110C0FFEDFFBFFC2805A5FEDFFC32" author="Schaub & Keim" journal="Cactus Explorer" page="48" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" score="0.7071067811865476" volume="16" year="2016">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFC2805A5FA9CFC0E" ID-CoL="5ZZ2X" authority="Schaub & Keim" authorityName="Schaub & Keim" box="[912,1340,947,974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corralensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFC2805A5FB23FC0E" box="[912,1155,947,974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Copiapoa corralensis</emphasis>
|
||
Schaub & Keim
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFAE705A5FF4AFC32" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Cactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cactus Explorer</taxonomicName>
|
||
16: 48. 2016
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB110C0FFEDFFBFFE3005C9FC46FC32" author="Schaub" box="[392,998,983,1010]" journal="Cactus Explorer" page="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" score="0.7071067811865476" volume="16" year="2016">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFE3005C9FD33FC32" ID-CoL="5ZZ2J" authority="Schaub" authorityName="Schaub" box="[392,659,983,1010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFE3005C9FD98FC31" box="[392,568,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Copiapoa fusca</emphasis>
|
||
Schaub
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFD2505C9FCF2FC32" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[669,850,983,1010]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Cactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cactus Explorer</taxonomicName>
|
||
16: 42. 2016
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFC4805C9FE9CFBD6" authority="Schaub & Keim" authorityName="Schaub & Keim" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="humilis" subSpecies="matancillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFC4805C9FB16FC32" box="[1008,1206,983,1010]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Copiapoa humilis</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFAB205C6FA0CFC32" box="[1290,1452,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">matancillensis</emphasis>
|
||
Schaub & Keim
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFED805EDFE0CFBD5" authority="Co" authorityName="Co" box="[352,428,1020,1046]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Cactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cactus</taxonomicName>
|
||
&
|
||
<bibCitation id="5E3A3EBDFFEDFFBFFE6805EDFD09FBD6" box="[464,681,1019,1046]" issue="1" journal="Co" page="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" score="0.2702665181507767" volume="20" year="2016">Co 20(1): 15. 2016</bibCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEDFFBFFF05020EFAC3FB66" blockId="11.[136,1452,839,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Concerning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFEFE0231FCF0FBF9" authority="Backeb., Hunt et al. (2006)" authorityName="Backeb., Hunt" authorityYear="2006" box="[326,848,1055,1082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFEFE0231FDBCFBFA" box="[326,540,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Copiapoa gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
Backeb.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEDFFBFFD320231FCF0FBF9" author="Hunt, D. & Taylor, N. & Charles, G." box="[650,848,1055,1082]" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" refId="ref17156" refString="Hunt, D., Taylor, N. & Charles, G. (2006) The New Cactus Lexicon. DH Books, Milborn Port, 526 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Hunt
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFD700231FCA0FBFA" box="[712,768,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
use the epithet “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFBB0020EFB39FBFA" box="[1032,1177,1055,1081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haseltoniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFBB0020EFB39FBFA" box="[1032,1177,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">haseltoniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (instead of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFA8C0231FA36FBFA" box="[1332,1430,1056,1081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA8C0231FA36FBFA" box="[1332,1430,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”) in the combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFEDC0255FC15FB9E" authority="(Backeb.) N. P. Taylor" authorityName="N. P. Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Backeb." box="[356,949,1091,1118]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinerea" subSpecies="haseltoniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFEDC0255FE79FB9E" box="[356,473,1092,1118]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFD970252FD60FB9E" box="[559,704,1091,1117]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">haseltoniana</emphasis>
|
||
(Backeb.) N.P.Taylor
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see species list). The results by Larridon
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFA2F0255FF05FB42" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015, 2018b) suggest that this taxon is not closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFCDF0279FC7BFB42" box="[871,987,1128,1154]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFCDF0279FC7BFB42" box="[871,987,1128,1154]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and should thus be considered as a valid species. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFE90029DFE0BFB66" box="[296,427,1164,1190]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFE90029DFE0BFB66" box="[296,427,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has priority over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEDFFBFFDCA029DFC84FB66" box="[626,804,1163,1190]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haseltoniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEDFFBFFDCA029DFC84FB66" box="[626,804,1163,1190]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. haseltoniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at species level (ICN, Art. 11.2) as below reported.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |