562 lines
55 KiB
XML
562 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="005F772F49E8A9E2E709DB4B7A367668" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6641038" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1655192635635" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Walter, Helmut E. & Guerrero, Pablo C." docDate="2022" docId="03B987C7FFE7FFB6FF3000C5FC8FF831" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.550.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 550 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Cactaceae Juss." docType="key" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FF80FFBFFFE6FFB4FFB80611FFA0FFC3" masterDocTitle="Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1699336538565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="99AF4DEB7548D3616B929E265458DA52" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F54642CD25060A9EA3B6773EA9DF102F">
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<mods:title id="CD7FD9EBE42E804C6CB730290194421B">Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F643B910827947EE16271D51CAC9A6C6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0FE34D84B230A78BB9EF7AD580BB121C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="24D703FDFBFF77FDF1823391BE4A2463">Walter, Helmut E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1BCAF52B7934CCCA064BCF1919E8D4D6" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8614-0159</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="51EB5F5F99CCF471EE6E580FDCFF975E">The EXSIS Project: Cactaceae Ex-Situ & In-Situ Conservation, 31860, Emmerthal, Germany. & hw 582133 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8614 - 0159</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EECC8B70C07C4905AF64822D06DAC269" type="email">hw582133@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="46C6BE466BEAB2CD017A11951EE4393C">Guerrero, Pablo C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="27C94F8E2AF5E8781FE840E5C6D42B75" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1034-1899</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="99F3307FF61A0D7914577AF87CA811EB">Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales & Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C, Concepción, Chile. & Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile. & Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Ecosystems (BASE), CP 7800003, Santiago, Chile. & pabloguerrero @ udec. cl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1034 - 1899</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F902BE5C8FCF81909202D7ED23AF896B" type="email">pabloguerrero@udec.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3410E33011477D478E6B085FAB827B1F">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E15839E5ED6CA5E0206E974CE8DE259F">
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<mods:date id="D838192BAC65EC9472491D1B89B9EFD3">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7850BEBE5B2B49A3DE667CC8FB1A24E4">2022-06-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A79DE0F6BD709C5A3E3299F83C25B2D9">550</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="46C1D8FE4D6878ED76786E83FC43BDB9" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E9825FEA8336542E750657AEB0D6C745">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="227CA4CFEC0ED3406B1BAB64AF089D57">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D55F9BDC04AA15D738AB2FC8EA7E709D" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFE7FFB5FF3000C5FD5EF8D0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE7FFB5FF3000C5FD5EF8D0" blockId="1.[136,1451,1748,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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The relevance of classifying the
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE7FFB5FE4B00C5FDC4F92D" ID-CoL="7HS" ID-ENA="3593" authority="Juss." authorityName="Juss." box="[499,612,1748,1774]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
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family into different subfamilies helps to better understand the subdivision into clades that differ morphologically (see key below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFE7FFB5FCBD00E9FA87F829" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE7FFB5FCBD00E9FA87F829" blockId="1.[136,1451,1748,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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On the other hand, the delimitation of some subfamilies has shown to been difficult (for example the paraphyly of the Pereskioideae K.Schum. and the ambiguous relationships of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE7FFB5FF630151FE2FF899" box="[219,399,1856,1882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Maihuenioideae">Maihuenioideae</taxonomicName>
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P.Fearn with other subfamilies). Also, the tribes within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE7FFB5FBDB0151FB5AF899" box="[1123,1274,1856,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opuntioideae">Opuntioideae</taxonomicName>
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K.Schum. and
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE7FFB5FF300175FEA4F8BD" box="[136,260,1892,1918]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cactoideae">Cactoideae</taxonomicName>
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Eaton have undergone several changes, as molecular-based phylogenies provided new information about evolutionary relationships of its members. Most of the proposed changes at these taxonomic levels have an impact on the classification of Chilean cacti because the cactus flora in the
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<collectingRegion id="49D4F833FFE7FFB5FCC601BDFB94F804" box="[894,1076,1964,1991]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Atacama Desert</collectingRegion>
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, the Altiplano, the Mediterranean area, and the Chilean Patagonian steppe harbours three of the four subfamilies and seven of the ten tribes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFE4FFB6FF3006AFFA0BF96E" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" type="key">
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<key id="FF8161E0FFE4FFB6FF3006AFFA0BF96E" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF3006AFFA0BFEA0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3006AFFA0BFF33" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3006AFFA0BFF33" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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1. Stems with functional leaves, at least on immature shoots; a 739 bp non-coding intron region in the chloroplast-encoded gene
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FF6B06CDFF54FF32" box="[211,244,220,241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">rpo</emphasis>
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C1 present .....................................................................................................................................................................................2
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3006E9FA0BFEE9" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3006E9FA0BFEE9" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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- Stems without functional leaves; a 739 bp non-coding intron region in the chloroplast-encoded gene
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FB7206E9FB4BFECE" box="[1226,1259,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">rpo</emphasis>
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C1 is lost (subfam.
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FF6B0704FE9FFEE8" ID-CoL="93LST" box="[211,319,277,299]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cactoideae">Cactoideae</taxonomicName>
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) .........................................................................................................................................................................................3
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||
</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300723FA0BFEA0" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300723FA0BFEA0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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- Stems without functional leaves; a 739 bp non-coding intron region in the chloroplast-encoded gene
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||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FB020723FB7BFE84" box="[1210,1243,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">rpo</emphasis>
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||
C1 is lost (
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||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAF30720FEC5FEA0" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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||
Subfamily
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FF6B075FFEC5FEA0" ID-CoL="93LST" box="[211,357,334,355]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cactoideae">CACTOIDEAE</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
) ................................................................................................................................................................................10
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||
</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF30077AFA0BFE15" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF30077AFA0BFE5D" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF30077AFA0BFE5D" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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2. Leaves persistent, terete; glochids on areoles absent; seeds without funicular envelope; stems astomatous, barky ... (subfam.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FF6B0799FECFFE5D" ID-CoL="93MXP" box="[211,367,392,414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Maihuenioideae">Maihuenioideae</taxonomicName>
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) ..........................................................................................................................................................
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||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAA00799FA0BFE5D" bold="true" box="[1304,1451,392,414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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12.
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA840799FA0BFE5D" ID-CoL="5K95" box="[1340,1451,392,414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihuenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Maihuenia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
</keyLead>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3007B4FA0BFE15" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3007B4FA0BFE15" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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- Leaves ephemeral, flat; areoles with spines and glochids; seeds encased in a funicular envelope; stems stomatous, bark formation delayed (subfam.
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FEC607D0FDA1FE14" box="[382,513,449,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opuntioideae">Opuntioideae</taxonomicName>
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).........................................................................................................................................................4
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3007CFFA0BFE37" box="[136,1451,478,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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4. Branch segments flat to subterete; shrubs to
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<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FDC507CFFD18FE37" box="[637,696,478,500]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
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high ....................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAFC07CFFA0BFE37" bold="true" box="[1348,1451,478,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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22.
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAD807CFFA0BFE37" ID-CoL="83QH" box="[1376,1451,478,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Tunilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tunilla</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3007EAFA0BFDD2" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,507,529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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- Segments cylindric; shrubs to
|
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high ...........................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FB5007EAFA0BFDD2" bold="true" box="[1256,1451,507,529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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14.
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAB407EAFA0BFDD2" ID-CoL="5TK2" box="[1292,1451,507,529]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Miqueliopuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Miqueliopuntia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF300409FA0BFD89" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300409FA0BFDEE" box="[136,1451,536,558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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||
3. Branches flattened to subterete or cylindric .........................................................................................................Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA9C0409FA0BFDEE" box="[1316,1451,536,557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Opuntieae">OPUNTIEAE</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300424FA0BFD89" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,564,587]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300424FA0BFD89" box="[136,1451,564,587]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">- Branch segments never flattened, terete in cross-section...................................................................................................................5</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300440FA0AFD47" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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5. Shrubs to
|
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<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FE8C0440FECFFDA4" box="[308,367,593,615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
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high, then mound-forming; segments to
|
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<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FD400440FC96FDA4" box="[760,822,593,615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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, with determinate growth; spines without sheath........................... ..........................................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FBCB047FFA9FFD40" authorityName="Doweld" authorityYear="1999" box="[1139,1343,622,643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Tephrocacteae">TEPHROCACTEAE</taxonomicName>
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||
(pro parte)
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||
</keyLead>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF30049AFA0AFD7D" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF30049AFA0AFD7D" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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- Shrubs to
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; branch segments to
|
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<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FD8F049AFDD5FD63" box="[567,629,651,672]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
, with indeterminate growth; spines with a papery sheath (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FB26049AFA33FD62" authorityName="Doweld" authorityYear="1999" box="[1182,1427,651,673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Cylindropuntieae">CYLINDROPUNTIEAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
) .. ...............................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FB4C04B9FA0AFD7D" bold="true" box="[1268,1450,680,702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAB404B9FA0AFD7D" ID-CoL="3YBJ" box="[1292,1450,680,702]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Cylindropuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cylindropuntia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF3004D5FA0BFD34" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3004D5FA0BFD19" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,708,731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3004D5FA0BFD19" box="[136,1451,708,731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
6. Flowers dark red; petaloids few, <10; fruits
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FDC004D4FD03FD19" box="[632,675,709,730]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity>
|
||
, dark red, glabrous, pulp red................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FBC404D5FA88FD19" bold="true" box="[1148,1320,708,730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
21.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FB2704D4FA88FD19" ID-CoL="7TWC" box="[1183,1320,709,730]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Tephrocactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tephrocactus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA8F04D4FA03FD19" ID-CoL="55CCB" box="[1335,1443,709,730]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Tephrocactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrispinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FA8F04D4FA03FD19" box="[1335,1443,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">nigrispinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3004F3FA0BFD34" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,737,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3004F3FA0BFD34" box="[136,1451,737,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Flowers not dark red; petaloids>10; fruits
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FDD604F0FD18FD34" box="[622,696,737,759]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, greenish yellow, not glabrous, pulp never red .................................................7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF3004EEFA0BFCF3" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3004EEFA0BFCD0" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,766,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3004EEFA0BFCD0" box="[136,1451,766,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">7. Seeds laterally compressed; perisperm large......................................................................................................................................8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF30050AFA0BFCF3" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,795,817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF30050AFA0BFCF3" box="[136,1451,795,817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">- Seeds ± globose; perisperm small ......................................................................................................................................................9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF300529FA0AFCA9" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300529FA0AFC8E" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1450,824,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300529FA0AFC8E" box="[136,1450,824,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
8. Flowers immersed into apex; funicular girdle of seed formed into a papery wing....................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAB70529FA0AFC8E" bold="true" box="[1295,1450,824,845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA8B0529FA0AFC8E" ID-CoL="74MY" box="[1331,1450,824,845]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Pterocactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pterocactus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300544FA0AFCA9" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1450,852,875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300544FA0AFCA9" box="[136,1450,852,875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Flowers not immersed; seeds not winged..............................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FB490545FA0AFCA9" bold="true" box="[1265,1450,852,874]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAAD0545FA0AFCA9" ID-CoL="5K96" box="[1301,1450,852,874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Maihueniopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF300560FA0AFC1D" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300560FA0BFC67" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300560FA0BFC67" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
9. Segments ±globose, etuberculate, easily detaching; spines on segments and fruits <
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FB940560FBF8FC44" box="[1068,1112,881,903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="5.0">5cm</quantity>
|
||
; areoles evenly distributed; fruits subglobose; seeds lack lateral ridges....................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FB57059FFA0BFC67" bold="true" box="[1263,1451,910,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
20.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAAB059FFA0BFC67" box="[1299,1451,910,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Sphaeropuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sphaeropuntia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3005BAFA0AFC1D" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3005BAFA0AFC1D" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Segments ±conical, tuberculate; not detaching; spines much longer; areoles crowded towards apex; fruits cylindric; lateral ridges present......................................................................................................................................................................5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAAD05D9FA0AFC1D" ID-CoL="3XCL" box="[1301,1450,968,990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Cumulopuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAAD05D9FA0AFC1D" bold="true" box="[1301,1450,968,990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Cumulopuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF3005F4FA0BFBD5" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3005F4FA0BFC39" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,997,1019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3005F4FA0BFC39" box="[136,1451,997,1019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
10. Hypanthium shorter than pericarpel; stems always cylindric (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FCA405F4FC4BFC39" box="[796,1003,997,1018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Phyllocacteae">PHYLLOCACTEAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FBFD05F4FA83FC38" box="[1093,1315,997,1019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Corryocactinae">CORRYOCACTINAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
) .................11
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300213FA0BFBD5" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1025,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300213FA0BFBD5" box="[136,1451,1025,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">- Hypanthium longer than pericarpel; stems cylindric or not .............................................................................................................13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF30020FFA0BFB93" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF30020FFA0BFBF0" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1054,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF30020FFA0BFBF0" box="[136,1451,1054,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
11. Plants low, branches
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FE25020FFE5FFBF7" box="[413,511,1054,1076]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="30.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="10.0">10–50 cm</quantity>
|
||
; central spines <
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FD18020FFD72FBF7" box="[672,722,1054,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
; flowers with few small bracts; fruits
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FB85020FFB20FBF7" box="[1085,1152,1054,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 cm</quantity>
|
||
......................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAB5020FFAB9FBF0" bold="true" box="[1293,1305,1054,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA9D020FFA0BFBF0" ID-CoL="62DLY" box="[1317,1451,1054,1075]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Austrocactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FA9D020FFA0BFBF0" bold="true" box="[1317,1451,1054,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Austrocactus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF30022AFA0BFB93" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1083,1105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF30022AFA0BFB93" box="[136,1451,1083,1105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Plants tall,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FE86022AFE2FFB93" box="[318,399,1083,1105]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="2.9" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–5 m</quantity>
|
||
; central spines longer, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FD3C022AFD62FB93" box="[644,706,1083,1105]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
; flowers densely covered with large bracts; fruits
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FB18022AFB53FB93" box="[1184,1267,1083,1105]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
..........................12
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF300249FA0BFB49" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300249FA0BFBAD" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1112,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300249FA0BFBAD" box="[136,1451,1112,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
12. Flowers to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FE870249FED1FBAE" box="[319,369,1112,1133]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
, whitish, narrow funnelform ................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FA930249FA0BFBAD" bold="true" box="[1323,1451,1112,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAFB0249FA0BFBAD" ID-CoL="4FVL" box="[1347,1451,1112,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Eulychnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eulychnia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300264FA0BFB49" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1140,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300264FA0BFB49" box="[136,1451,1140,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Flowers
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FE9E0264FEDBFB49" box="[294,379,1141,1162]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 cm</quantity>
|
||
, yellow, campanulate.....................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAB00265FA0BFB49" bold="true" box="[1288,1451,1140,1162]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA980265FA0BFB49" ID-CoL="62MHD" box="[1312,1451,1140,1162]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Corryocactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Corryocactus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF300280FA0BFB00" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300280FA11FB65" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1457,1169,1191]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300280FA11FB65" box="[136,1457,1169,1191]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
13. Stems ±globose to elongating, small to medium-sized; flowers
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FC890280FC29FB64" box="[817,905,1169,1191]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-6 cm</quantity>
|
||
; fruits never with pulp ..................................................14
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3002BEFA0BFB00" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1198,1220]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3002BEFA0BFB00" box="[136,1451,1198,1220]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Stems cylindric, (subcylindric in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FDAA02BFFD31FB00" ID-CoL="5PV64" box="[530,657,1198,1219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Lobivia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FDAA02BFFD31FB00" box="[530,657,1198,1219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Lobivia ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), mostly tall; flowers large,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FC2702BFFC4EFB07" box="[927,1006,1198,1220]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="7.0">7-18 cm</quantity>
|
||
; fruits with pulp or pulpless (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FABF02BFFAD6FB07" authorityName="Salm-Dyck" authorityYear="1840" box="[1287,1398,1198,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Cereeae">CEREEAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
) ...17
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF3002DAFA0BFB3D" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3002DAFA0BFB22" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1227,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3002DAFA0BFB22" box="[136,1451,1227,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
14. Fruit dehiscing apically, funiculi juicy at fruit maturity (seed ant-dispersed) (INCERTAE SEDIS)..............................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FA8802DAFA0BFB22" bold="true" box="[1328,1451,1227,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAF002DAFA0BFB22" ID-CoL="3TP8" box="[1352,1451,1227,1249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Copiapoa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3002F9FA0BFB3D" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1256,1278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3002F9FA0BFB3D" box="[136,1451,1256,1278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Fruit dehiscion not as above; funiculi dry at fruit maturity (seed not ant-dispersed) (Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FB9702F9FB42FB3D" box="[1071,1250,1256,1278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Notocacteae">NOTOCACTEAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
)............................15
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF300315FA0BFA97" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300315FA0BFAF4" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300315FA0BFAF4" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
15. Flowers
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FE960314FE20FAD9" box="[302,384,1285,1306]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
, bract scales numerous, axils woolly and bristly; fruit always dehiscing basally (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAEF0314FEF5FAF5" ID-CoL="3B6WC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Eriosyce" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rodentiophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAEF0314FEF5FAF5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Eriosyce rodentiophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) ....................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FA830330FA0BFAF4" bold="true" box="[1339,1451,1313,1335]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAEB0330FA0BFAF4" ID-CoL="62RP4" box="[1363,1451,1313,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Eriosyce" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eriosyce</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF30032EFA0BFA97" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1342,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF30032EFA0BFA97" box="[136,1451,1342,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Flowers small, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FEC7032FFE11FA97" box="[383,433,1342,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
, bract scales few, axils naked; fruit dehiscence lateral or basal ..................................................................16
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF30034AFA0BFA4D" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF30034AFA0BFAB2" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1371,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF30034AFA0BFAB2" box="[136,1451,1371,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
16. Stems
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FEAB034AFEFDFAB3" box="[275,349,1371,1392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, areoles subtended by tiny persistent leaf; fruits elongating to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FC09034AFC43FAB3" box="[945,995,1371,1392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, dehiscing basally ....................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAB7034AFA0BFAB2" bold="true" box="[1295,1451,1371,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
18.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA8B034AFA0BFAB2" ID-CoL="643ZY" box="[1331,1451,1371,1393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Rimacactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rimacactus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300369FA0BFA4D" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1400,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300369FA0BFA4D" box="[136,1451,1400,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FE940369FEC7FA4E" box="[300,359,1400,1422]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., leaf absent; fruits <
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FDD40369FD3CFA4E" box="[620,668,1400,1421]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
, dehiscing laterally
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FCE00369FA0BFA4D" bold="true" box="[856,1451,1400,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
.............................................................15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FB540369FA0BFA4D" ID-CoL="632K" box="[1260,1451,1400,1422]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Neowerdermannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Neowerdermannia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF300384FA0BFA05" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300384FA0BFA69" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1428,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300384FA0BFA69" box="[136,1451,1428,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
17. Flower scales large, fleshy, imbricate; axils naked; stems with densely branched crown (subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FBCD0384FAA7FA68" box="[1141,1287,1429,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Rebutiinae">REBUTIINAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
)..
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAA30385FA0BFA69" bold="true" box="[1307,1451,1428,1450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA8B0385FA0BFA69" ID-CoL="62H4Y" box="[1331,1451,1428,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Browningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Browningia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3003A3FA0BFA05" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1457,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3003A3FA0BFA05" box="[136,1451,1457,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Flower scales small, not fleshy, not imbricate; axils with ± wool (subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FC2203A0FBCCFA04" box="[922,1132,1457,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Trichocereinae">TRICHOCEREINAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
)................................................18
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF3003DFFA0BF9C3" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3003DFFA0AFA27" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1450,1486,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3003DFFA0AFA27" box="[136,1450,1486,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
18. Flowers brightly carmine red, zygomorphic; fruits without pulp, dehiscing basally...................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAA603DFFA0AFA27" bold="true" box="[1310,1450,1486,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA8E03DFFA0AFA27" ID-CoL="69K5" box="[1334,1450,1486,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Oreocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oreocereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF3003FAFA0BF9C3" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1515,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF3003FAFA0BF9C3" box="[136,1451,1515,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">- Flowers never carmine red, actinomorphic; fruits, with pulp never dehiscing basally....................................................................19</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF300019FA0BF9F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300019FA0BF9DE" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1544,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300019FA0BF9DE" box="[136,1451,1544,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
19. Stamens inserted in a single series; fruits indehiscent.............................................................................................. 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAA50019FA0BF9DE" ID-CoL="4S79" box="[1309,1451,1544,1565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Haageocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAA50019FA0BF9DE" bold="true" box="[1309,1451,1544,1565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Haageocereus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300034FA0BF9F9" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1573,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300034FA0BF9F9" box="[136,1451,1573,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">- Stamens inserted in two series; fruits dehiscent...............................................................................................................................20</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF300050FA0BF9B0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300050FA0BF995" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1601,1623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300050FA0BF995" box="[136,1451,1601,1623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
20. Plants>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFE4FFB6FE990050FEFAF994" box="[289,346,1601,1623]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
|
||
, branches columnar or thickly cylindric ....................................................................................................................21
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF30004EFA0BF9B0" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1629,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF30004EFA0BF9B0" box="[136,1451,1629,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Plants <50(-70) cm, globose, elongating with age .................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FB41004FFACBF9B7" bold="true" box="[1273,1387,1630,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
11.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FAA4004FFACBF9B7" ID-CoL="5TC7J" box="[1308,1387,1630,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Lobivia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lobivia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FACA004FFA02F9B0" ID-CoL="5PV64" box="[1394,1442,1630,1651]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Lobivia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FACA004FFA02F9B0" box="[1394,1442,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFE4FFB6FF30006AFA0BF96E" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF30006AFA0BF953" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1659,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF30006AFA0BF953" box="[136,1451,1659,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
21. Plants ±branching, shrubby or treelike; flowers narrowly funnelform, whitish...........................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAA3006AFA0BF953" bold="true" box="[1307,1451,1659,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA87006AFA0BF953" ID-CoL="7P7CV" box="[1343,1451,1659,1680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Assimineidae" genus="Leucostele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Leucostele</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF300089FA0BF96E" blockId="2.[136,1457,190,1710]" box="[136,1451,1687,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFE4FFB6FF300089FA0BF96E" box="[136,1451,1687,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
- Plants usually unbranched, thickly cylindric; flowers campanulate, yellow...............................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FAAF0089FA0BF96E" bold="true" box="[1303,1451,1687,1709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
19.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FA830086FA0BF96E" ID-CoL="5TGKL" authorityName="Backeberg" authorityYear="1938" box="[1339,1451,1687,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Soehrensia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Soehrensia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFE4FFB6FF0500CDFC8FF831" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE4FFB6FF0500CDFC8FF831" blockId="2.[136,1452,1756,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The comparison of the taxonomic classifications shows that there are important differences in the number of Chilean genera and species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C692036AFFE4FFB6FE700111FDBCF8D9" box="[456,540,1792,1818]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Taxonomic diversity of the Chilean cacti according to three classifications." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6F6659FFE5FFB7FF30068EFB80FF74" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="DF6F6659FFE5FFB7FF30068EFB80FF74">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Hunt’s classification (2006, 2013, 2016) includes the lowest number of species (95), whereas
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE4FFB6FE9C0135FD85F8FD" author="Rodriguez, R. & Marticorena, C. & Alarcon, D. & Baeza, C. & Cavieres, V. & Finot, L. & Fuentes, N. & Kiessling, A. & Mihoc, M. & Pauchard, A. & Ruiz, E. & Sanchez, P. & Marticorena, A." box="[292,549,1828,1854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 430" refId="ref18598" refString="Rodriguez, R., Marticorena, C., Alarcon, D., Baeza, C., Cavieres, V., Finot, L., Fuentes, N., Kiessling, A., Mihoc, M., Pauchard, A., Ruiz, E., Sanchez, P. & Marticorena, A. (2018) Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile. Gayana Botanica 75: 1 - 430. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0717 - 66432018000100001" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Rodríguez
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FE270134FE75F8FD" box="[415,469,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports the lowest number of genera (17). The percentage of endemic species also varies: 73% by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE4FFB6FE8C0158FE54F8A1" author="Hunt, D. & Taylor, N. & Charles, G." box="[308,500,1864,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" refId="ref17156" refString="Hunt, D., Taylor, N. & Charles, G. (2006) The New Cactus Lexicon. DH Books, Milborn Port, 526 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Hunt
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FECB0158FE0AF8A1" box="[371,426,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE4FFB6FE460159FD99F8A1" author="Hunt, D. & Taylor, N. & Charles, G." box="[510,569,1864,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" refId="ref17187" refString="Hunt, D., Taylor, N. & Charles, G. (2013) The New Cactus Lexicon, Atlas of Illustrations. Dh Books, Milborn Port, 373 pp." type="book" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE4FFB6FDFB0159FDDFF8A0" author="Hunt, D." box="[579,639,1864,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" refId="ref17134" refString="Hunt, D. (2016) CITES Cactaceae Checklist Third Edition. Milborne Port, Remous Limited, 175 pp." type="book" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 74% by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE4FFB6FD550159FC52F8A1" author="Rodriguez, R. & Marticorena, C. & Alarcon, D. & Baeza, C. & Cavieres, V. & Finot, L. & Fuentes, N. & Kiessling, A. & Mihoc, M. & Pauchard, A. & Ruiz, E. & Sanchez, P. & Marticorena, A." box="[749,1010,1864,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 430" refId="ref18598" refString="Rodriguez, R., Marticorena, C., Alarcon, D., Baeza, C., Cavieres, V., Finot, L., Fuentes, N., Kiessling, A., Mihoc, M., Pauchard, A., Ruiz, E., Sanchez, P. & Marticorena, A. (2018) Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile. Gayana Botanica 75: 1 - 430. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0717 - 66432018000100001" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Rodríguez
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FCD00158FC00F8A1" box="[872,928,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 81% in the present study. These results highlight the importance of updating the taxonomic classifications in the Flora of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3077641FFE4FFB6FB9A017DFBC1F845" box="[1058,1121,1900,1926]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, because underestimating the endemism and number of species may have major negative effects on conservation (see e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE4FFB6FB2E0180FAB6F869" author="Mace, G. M." box="[1174,1302,1936,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="711 - 719" refId="ref17884" refString="Mace, G. M. (2004) The role of taxonomy in species conservation. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 359: 711 - 719. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 2003.1454" type="journal article" year="2004">Mace 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE4FFB6FA990180FF65F80D" author="Duarte, M. & Guerrero, P. C. & Carvallo, G. & Bustamante, R. O." pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="236 - 242" refId="ref16409" refString="Duarte, M., Guerrero, P. C., Carvallo, G. & Bustamante, R. O. (2014) Conservation network design for endemic cacti under taxonomic uncertainty. Biological Conservation 176: 236 - 242." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Duarte
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FACC0180FA0CF869" box="[1396,1452,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The number of species accepted here means that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE4FFB6FCA701A5FC30F80D" box="[799,912,1972,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent 6% of the Chilean native angiosperms and 5% of endemic species of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3077641FFE4FFB6FE6601C9FDBBF831" box="[478,539,2008,2034]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE4FFB6FD9101C9FC83F831" author="Rodriguez, R. & Marticorena, C. & Alarcon, D. & Baeza, C. & Cavieres, V. & Finot, L. & Fuentes, N. & Kiessling, A. & Mihoc, M. & Pauchard, A. & Ruiz, E. & Sanchez, P. & Marticorena, A." box="[553,803,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 430" refId="ref18598" refString="Rodriguez, R., Marticorena, C., Alarcon, D., Baeza, C., Cavieres, V., Finot, L., Fuentes, N., Kiessling, A., Mihoc, M., Pauchard, A., Ruiz, E., Sanchez, P. & Marticorena, A. (2018) Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile. Gayana Botanica 75: 1 - 430. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0717 - 66432018000100001" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Rodríguez
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE4FFB6FD1F01C8FD7FF831" box="[679,735,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |