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<document id="DB4AC07297BE7556B6278A8953E78A7D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6641038" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1655192635635" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Walter, Helmut E. &amp; Guerrero, Pablo C." docDate="2022" docId="03B987C7FFE1FFBCFF30027FFA0BFB49" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.550.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 550 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Maihueniopsis Speg." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FF80FFBFFFE6FFB4FFB80611FFA0FFC3" masterDocTitle="Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1699336538565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="080396D01C5D858CFF10D0A5BFE812A9">Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1F39A4C2EA09BE554EF509DA98310F8D">Walter, Helmut E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7DC5C0E66441376DD7D8A1B8F82F98D2">The EXSIS Project: Cactaceae Ex-Situ &amp; In-Situ Conservation, 31860, Emmerthal, Germany. &amp; hw 582133 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8614 - 0159</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A0625E901CCD1F865650962927537832">Guerrero, Pablo C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="882AFB43175809E600A08333E4F5255A">Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales &amp; Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C, Concepción, Chile. &amp; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile. &amp; Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Ecosystems (BASE), CP 7800003, Santiago, Chile. &amp; pabloguerrero @ udec. cl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1034 - 1899</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="347506C94D6A71F1352412060AB3DABD">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0AABFF39DDF8B2C0D521225AC8B81A5C">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFE1FFB3FF30027FFE24FB4B" box="[136,388,1134,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE1FFB3FF30027FFE24FB4B" blockId="7.[136,1452,1098,1988]" box="[136,388,1134,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF30027FFE24FB4B" bold="true" box="[136,388,1134,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF30027FFEDFFB4B" ID-CoL="5K96" ID-ENA="572154" authority="Speg." authorityName="Speg." box="[136,383,1134,1161]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF30027FFE93FB4A" bold="true" box="[136,307,1134,1161]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis</emphasis>
Speg.
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFE1FFBCFE3D027EFB01FEE7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE1FFB3FE3D027EFCCCF942" blockId="7.[136,1452,1098,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FE1A027EFDDEFB4A" author="Hunt, D." box="[418,638,1134,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refId="ref17134" refString="Hunt, D. (2016) CITES Cactaceae Checklist Third Edition. Milborne Port, Remous Limited, 175 pp." type="book" year="2016">
Hunts
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FE4B027EFD8CFB4B" box="[499,556,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FD0D027EFCF2FB4A" author="Hunt, D. &amp; Taylor, N. &amp; Charles, G." box="[693,850,1135,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refId="ref17187" refString="Hunt, D., Taylor, N. &amp; Charles, G. (2013) The New Cactus Lexicon, Atlas of Illustrations. Dh Books, Milborn Port, 373 pp." type="book" year="2013">Hunts (2013)</bibRefCitation>
circumscription of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FB1A027FFAE7FB4B" box="[1186,1351,1134,1160]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FB1A027FFAE7FB4B" box="[1186,1351,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes only four species occurring in
<collectingCountry id="F3077641FFE1FFB3FE5D0283FD84FB6F" box="[485,548,1170,1196]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Chile</collectingCountry>
, i.e. the two endemics
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC940282FBF1FB6F" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[812,1105,1170,1196]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archiconoidea">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC940282FC54FB6F" box="[812,1012,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. archiconoidea</emphasis>
F.Ritter
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FB320282FAD6FB6F" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[1162,1398,1170,1196]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conoidea">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FB320282FAB8FB6F" box="[1162,1304,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. conoidea</emphasis>
F.Ritter
</taxonomicName>
, and two species occurring also in
<collectingCountry id="F3077641FFE1FFB3FE5F02A7FDF6FB13" box="[487,598,1206,1232]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FDD202A6FC9AFB13" authority="Hnsl." authorityName="Hnsl." box="[618,826,1206,1232]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="darwinii">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FDD202A6FD53FB13" box="[618,755,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. darwinii</emphasis>
Hnsl.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FCC002A6FB97FB12" authority="Pfeiff." authorityName="Pfeiff." box="[888,1079,1206,1233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FCC002A6FC40FB13" box="[888,992,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. ovata</emphasis>
Pfeiff.
</taxonomicName>
). These authors merged the rest of the Chilean species described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FD9002CBFD1CFB36" author="Ritter, F." box="[552,700,1242,1269]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refId="ref18411" refString="Ritter, F. (1980) Kakteen in Su ¨ damerika, vol. 3. Friedrich Ritter Selbstverlag, Spangenberg, 381 pp." type="book" year="1980">Ritter (1980)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FD4E02CBFC0FFB36" author="Espinosa, M. R." box="[758,943,1242,1269]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="126 - 130" refId="ref16619" refString="Espinosa, M. R. (1933) Una Opuntia nueva chilena. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 37: 126 - 130." type="journal article" year="1933">Espinosa (1933)</bibRefCitation>
into the widespread Argentinean species
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FA3502CAFE71FADB" authority="(Haw.) R. Kiesling" authorityName="R. Kiesling" baseAuthorityName="Haw." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FA3502CAFF5BFADB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
(Haw.) R.Kiesling
</taxonomicName>
without any evidence (i.e. detailed descriptions, morphological keys, and/or molecular phylogenies). They did not realize, however, that the Chilean
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC820333FC7FFAFF" box="[826,991,1314,1340]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC820333FC7FFAFF" box="[826,991,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly divided into two main groups (the “
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF7F0357FE9AFAA3" box="[199,314,1350,1376]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF7F0357FE9AFAA3" box="[199,314,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- group” and the “
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FDBD0357FD0AFAA3" box="[517,682,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis-</emphasis>
group”) when all members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FB9D0357FB61FAA3" box="[1061,1217,1350,1376]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FB9D0357FB61FAA3" box="[1061,1217,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group [
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FAA10356FEFCFA47" authority="(Espinosa) F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" baseAuthorityName="Espinosa" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camachoi">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FAA10356FA0BFAA3" box="[1305,1451,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. camachoi</emphasis>
(Espinosa) F.Ritter
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FEDE037AFD9BFA47" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[358,571,1386,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colorea">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FEDE037AFE40FA47" box="[358,480,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. colorea</emphasis>
F.Ritter
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FDFE037AFCE6FA47" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[582,838,1386,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassispina">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FDFE037AFD4AFA47" box="[582,746,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. crassispina</emphasis>
F.Ritter
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FCE8037AFBCDFA47" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[848,1133,1386,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FCE8037AFBB1FA47" box="[848,1041,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
F.Ritter
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FBCF037AFAD9FA47" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[1143,1401,1386,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FBCF037AFABCFA47" box="[1143,1308,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. grandiflora</emphasis>
F.Ritter
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF30039EFE0FFA6A" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[136,431,1422,1449]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Eriosyce" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wagenknechtii">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF30039EFEF0FA6B" box="[136,336,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. wagenknechtii</emphasis>
F.Ritter
</taxonomicName>
] are included in the sampling. All members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC56039FFB2AFA6B" box="[1006,1162,1422,1448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC56039FFB2AFA6B" box="[1006,1162,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are endemic to the western slopes of the Chilean Andes. Populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD5A03A2FCDBFA0F" box="[738,891,1458,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD5A03A2FCDBFA0F" box="[738,891,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757B8FFE1FFB3FC3C03A2FC17FA0E" box="[900,951,1459,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" sensu="stricto">s.str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
had not yet been documented in
<collectingCountry id="F3077641FFE1FFB3FA8C03A3FAD4FA0F" box="[1332,1396,1458,1484]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Chile</collectingCountry>
. The molecular-based phylogeny presented by
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FDD803C7FC85FA32" author="Ritz, C. M. &amp; Reiker, J. &amp; Charles, G. &amp; Hoxey, P. &amp; Hunt, D. &amp; Lowry, M. &amp; Stuppy, W. &amp; Taylor, N." box="[608,805,1494,1521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="668 - 681" refId="ref18513" refString="Ritz, C. M., Reiker, J., Charles, G., Hoxey, P., Hunt, D., Lowry, M., Stuppy, W. &amp; Taylor, N. (2012) Molecular phylogeny and character evolution in terete - stemmed Andean opuntias (Cactaceae - Opuntioideae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65: 668 - 681. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.07.027" type="journal article" year="2012">
Ritz
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD2003C6FD71FA33" box="[664,721,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
shows that
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC1603C6FBD1FA33" box="[942,1137,1494,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC1603C6FBD1FA33" box="[942,1137,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[a species that was lumped into
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF0403EAFEF5F9D7" box="[188,341,1530,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF0403EAFEF5F9D7" box="[188,341,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FE3A03EAFDAEF9D6" author="Hunt, D." box="[386,526,1530,1557]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="5 - 29" refId="ref17088" refString="Hunt, D. (2011) Classification of the &quot; cyndroid &quot; opuntias of South America. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 25: 5 - 29." type="journal article" year="2011">Hunt (2011)</bibRefCitation>
] is sister to the rest of the nine taxa (all of them being members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FA8003EBFA0BF9D7" box="[1336,1451,1530,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FA8003EBFA0BF9D7" box="[1336,1451,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group).
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FF5A000FFE05F9FA" author="Ritz, C. M. &amp; Reiker, J. &amp; Charles, G. &amp; Hoxey, P. &amp; Hunt, D. &amp; Lowry, M. &amp; Stuppy, W. &amp; Taylor, N." box="[226,421,1566,1593]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="668 - 681" refId="ref18513" refString="Ritz, C. M., Reiker, J., Charles, G., Hoxey, P., Hunt, D., Lowry, M., Stuppy, W. &amp; Taylor, N. (2012) Molecular phylogeny and character evolution in terete - stemmed Andean opuntias (Cactaceae - Opuntioideae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65: 668 - 681. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.07.027" type="journal article" year="2012">
Ritz
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FEA1000EFEF3F9FB" box="[281,339,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
found it “interesting” that
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD61000EFC3BF9FB" box="[729,923,1566,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD61000EFC3BF9FB" box="[729,923,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not placed within the “
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FB63000FFAEEF9FB" box="[1243,1358,1566,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FB63000FFAEEF9FB" box="[1243,1358,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group. Their sampling was unbalanced, as they included nine species assigned to the “
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC430053FBCEF99F" box="[1019,1134,1602,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC430053FBCEF99F" box="[1019,1134,1602,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group (see above) but only one assigned to the “
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FEC90077FDADF943" box="[369,525,1638,1664]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FEC90077FDADF943" box="[369,525,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group (i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD230076FCFCF943" box="[667,860,1638,1664]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD230076FCFCF943" box="[667,860,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE1FFB3FF05009BFDDDF807" blockId="7.[136,1452,1098,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF05009BFDA3F967" box="[189,515,1674,1700]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF05009BFDA3F967" box="[189,515,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely a separate lineage. So, we conclude that a) as
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FBF5009AFAACF967" box="[1101,1292,1674,1700]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FBF5009AFAACF967" box="[1101,1292,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
did not cluster with
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF7A00BEFEFCF90B" box="[194,348,1710,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF7A00BEFEFCF90B" box="[194,348,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or other members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD3000BFFD5BF90B" box="[648,763,1710,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD3000BFFD5BF90B" box="[648,763,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-clade), it cannot be considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FAB300BEFA04F90B" box="[1291,1444,1710,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FAB300BEFA04F90B" box="[1291,1444,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and thus b) the rest of the members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FDE700C3FD5BF92F" box="[607,763,1746,1772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FDE700C3FD5BF92F" box="[607,763,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, who share the same morphological characters with
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FA3500C2FE84F8D3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FA3500C2FE84F8D3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, cannot be considered synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD0E00E6FCEDF8D3" box="[694,845,1782,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD0E00E6FCEDF8D3" box="[694,845,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This conclusion is corroborated by a broadly sampled (i.e. all the members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FE73010BFDC7F8F7" box="[459,615,1818,1844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FE73010BFDC7F8F7" box="[459,615,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) molecular phylogeny (
<collectingRegion id="49D4F833FFE1FFB3FC7E010AFB90F8F6" box="[966,1072,1819,1845]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
, in preparation) that showed that
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF30012FFE8DF89B" box="[136,301,1854,1880]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF30012FFE8DF89B" box="[136,301,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is split into two groups congruent with the above presented morphylogy-based groups (a morphologybased key is reported below). According to the results of the phylogenetic analyses one large species-complex was split:
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF710197FE4AF863" box="[201,490,1926,1952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF710197FE4AF863" box="[201,490,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FDD70196FD5BF862" author="Hunt, D." box="[623,763,1926,1953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refId="ref17134" refString="Hunt, D. (2016) CITES Cactaceae Checklist Third Edition. Milborne Port, Remous Limited, 175 pp." type="book" year="2016">Hunt (2016)</bibRefCitation>
withdrew his opinion and reinstalled all of the formerly not accepted species of the domeykoensis-clade.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF05068FFB01FEE7" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
A nomenclatural note on the no validly published name “
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFC94068FFAB3FF7B" authority="(Werderm.) F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" baseAuthorityName="Werderm." box="[812,1299,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leoncito">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFC94068FFB90FF7B" box="[812,1072,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Maihueniopsis leoncito</emphasis>
(Werderm.) F.Ritter
</taxonomicName>
” is necessary. According to Art. 41.5 ICN (Turland
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFD8406D2FDD7FF1F" box="[572,631,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
2018), Ritters “
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFC8406D3FBE4FF1F" box="[828,1092,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leoncito">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFC8406D3FBE4FF1F" box="[828,1092,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Maihueniopsis leoncito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is invalid because it does not include the place of publication of the basyonym. The correct name
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFC3806F7FA0CFEC2" authority="(Werdermann ex F. Ritter)" baseAuthorityName="F. Ritter" box="[896,1452,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leoncito">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFC3806F7FB26FEC3" box="[896,1158,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Maihueniopsis leoncito</emphasis>
(Werdermann ex F.Ritter)
</taxonomicName>
P.C.
<collectingRegion id="49D4F833FFEEFFBCFF04071BFE81FEE7" box="[188,289,266,292]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
&amp; Helmut Walter was recently published by
<collectingRegion id="49D4F833FFEEFFBCFCA3071BFC20FEE7" box="[795,896,266,292]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
&amp; Helmut
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEEFFBCFC46071BFB3DFEE7" author="Walter, H. E." box="[1022,1181,266,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref19353" refString="Walter, H. E. (2019) The cacti of the Chilean Patagonia. Cactus World 37: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="2019">Walter (2019)</bibRefCitation>
;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFB49" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="key">
<key id="FF8161E0FFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFB49" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFE79" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFE42" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFE42" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
1. Branch segments ≤
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE36075FFE1FFEA7" box="[398,447,334,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
; spines ± flattened; mature fruits unspined, ±ovoid or cylindric; seeds pale yellow, with short trichomes (“
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFF5D077AFEE8FE43" ID-CoL="6R5CD" box="[229,328,363,384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFF5D077AFEE8FE43" box="[229,328,363,384]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group”)...........................................................................................................................................................................2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300798FA0BFE79" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300798FA0BFE79" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
- Branch segments
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE390799FE78FE5D" box="[385,472,392,414]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">510 cm</quantity>
, spines terete in cross-section; fruits spiny, obconical urn-shaped; seeds brown, with long trichomes (“
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFF5D07B4FECAFE79" ID-CoL="72TCF" box="[229,362,421,442]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFF5D07B4FECAFE79" box="[229,362,421,442]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group”).....................................................................................................................................................................7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF3007D3FA0BFE37" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3007D3FA0BFE14" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,450,472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3007D3FA0BFE14" box="[136,1451,450,472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">2. Spines strongly flattened and broad at base, often deflexed ..............................................................................................................3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3007CEFA0BFE37" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,479,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3007CEFA0BFE37" box="[136,1451,479,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">- Spines less flattened, not broad at base, thinner, not deflexed ...........................................................................................................4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF3007EDFA0AFDA4" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3007EDFA11FDED" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3007EDFA11FDED" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
3. Compact, large cushions
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE7107EAFD89FDD2" box="[457,553,507,529]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="20.0">2060 cm</quantity>
high; segments to
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFD5B07EDFCB6FDD2" box="[739,790,508,529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
, broadly conical, apex acute; spines to
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFB2E07EDFB69FDD2" box="[1174,1225,508,529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
, pointed downwards to porrect.........................................................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA90409FA11FDED" bold="true" box="[1297,1457,536,558]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
10.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFA830408FA11FDED" ID-CoL="74RMW" box="[1339,1457,536,558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leoncito">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA830408FA11FDED" bold="true" box="[1339,1457,536,558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. leoncito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300424FA0AFDA4" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300424FA0AFDA4" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
- Small, loose cushions up to
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE550424FD8AFD89" box="[493,554,565,586]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
diam. and
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFD250424FD7BFD89" box="[669,731,565,586]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
high; segments &lt;
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFC350424FC74FD89" box="[909,980,565,587]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
, conoid to globose, apex obtuse; spines ≤
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFACC0424FA08FD89" box="[1396,1448,565,586]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
, deflexed or appressed to segment........................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB5C0443FA0AFDA4" bold="true" box="[1252,1450,593,615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
1.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFB440443FA0AFDA4" ID-CoL="735B2" box="[1276,1450,593,615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archiconoidea">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB440443FA0AFDA4" bold="true" box="[1276,1450,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. archiconoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF30047EFA11FD62" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30047EFA0BFD47" box="[136,1451,622,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
4. Branch segments &lt;
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE34047FFE1DFD47" box="[396,445,622,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
; spines
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFDB1047EFDECFD47" box="[521,588,623,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 cm</quantity>
.............................................................................................................................................5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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- Branch segments
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; spines &lt;
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...........................................................................................................................................6
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3004B9FA0BFD18" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
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5. Shrubs forming compact cushions up to
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wide and
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFD4604B9FC9AFD7D" box="[766,826,680,702]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
high; areoles numerous,
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFB9704B9FBDEFD7D" box="[1071,1150,680,702]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 mm</quantity>
, upper 2/3 spiniferous; stigmalobes green.................................................................................................................................................................... 7.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFA8F04D4FA0BFD18" ID-CoL="6R5CF" box="[1335,1451,709,731]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="darwinii">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA8F04D4FA0BFD18" bold="true" box="[1335,1451,709,731]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. darwinii</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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- Cushions loose, to
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high; areoles few,
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, only upper third to upper half spiniferous; stigma-lobes red.......................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA9304EFFA0AFCD7" bold="true" box="[1323,1450,766,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
11.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAEC04EEFA0AFCD7" ID-CoL="3XJF7" box="[1364,1450,767,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAEC04EEFA0AFCD7" bold="true" box="[1364,1450,767,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30050AFA0AFC8D" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30050AFA0AFC8D" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
6. Small, loose cushions; spines directed sideward to ±downwards, new ones blackish-violet; fruits cylindric, areoles wooly ............ ....................................................................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAAA0529FA84FC8E" bold="true" box="[1298,1316,824,845]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFA880528FA0AFC8D" ID-CoL="72TCG" box="[1328,1450,824,846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conoidea">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA880528FAE5FC8D" bold="true" box="[1328,1349,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAE90529FA0AFC8D" bold="true" box="[1361,1450,824,846]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">conoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300544FA0AFCA9" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1450,853,875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300544FA0AFCA9" box="[136,1450,853,875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
- Large compact cushions; spines porrect to erect, new ones yellowish; fruits ovoid, areoles not woolly .............
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB400544FA0AFCA9" bold="true" box="[1272,1450,853,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
2.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAA80544FA0AFCA9" ID-CoL="5ZZ2M" box="[1296,1450,853,874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA80544FA0AFCA9" bold="true" box="[1296,1450,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. atacamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF300563FA0BFC67" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300563FA0BFC44" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,882,904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300563FA0BFC44" box="[136,1451,882,904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
7. Areole number &lt;40, only upper 2/3 of areoles spiniferous; spineslong,
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFCC30563FC6EFC44" box="[891,974,882,904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">512 cm</quantity>
............................................................................8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30059EFA0BFC67" box="[136,1451,910,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
- Areole number 40-60, even basalmost ones spiniferous, spines
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......................................................... 12.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFB41059EFA0BFC67" ID-CoL="3B6WV" box="[1273,1451,910,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Eriosyce" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wagenknechtii">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB41059EFA0BFC67" bold="true" box="[1273,1451,910,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. wagenknechtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF3005BDFA11FC1E" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3005BDFA0BFC02" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,939,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3005BDFA0BFC02" box="[136,1451,939,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">8. Spines red-brown, base whitish; seeds small .....................................................................................................................................9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3005D8FA11FC1E" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1457,968,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3005D8FA11FC1E" box="[136,1457,968,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">- Spines white or light honey-brown; seeds large...............................................................................................................................10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF3005F4FA0AFBD4" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3005F4FA0BFC38" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,997,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3005F4FA0BFC38" box="[136,1451,997,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
9. Stigma lobes red; spines to
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..............................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA905F4FABDFC39" bold="true" box="[1297,1309,997,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">3</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFA9105F4FA0BFC38" ID-CoL="735CH" box="[1321,1451,997,1019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camachoi">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA9105F4FA0BFC38" bold="true" box="[1321,1451,997,1019]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. camachoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300213FA0AFBD4" box="[136,1450,1025,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
- Stigma lobes green; spines to
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................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA900213FA94FBD4" bold="true" box="[1320,1332,1026,1047]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAF80213FA0AFBD4" ID-CoL="6R5CG" box="[1344,1450,1025,1047]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colorea">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAF80213FA0AFBD4" bold="true" box="[1344,1450,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. colorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30020EFA0AFBF7" box="[136,1450,1054,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
10. Shrubs up to
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diam.; spines white, those on flowers and fruits contorted........................................................
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB42020FFAA6FBF0" bold="true" box="[1274,1286,1054,1075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAA0020EFA0AFBF7" ID-CoL="Y4F2" box="[1304,1450,1054,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA0020EFA0AFBF7" bold="true" box="[1304,1450,1054,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30022DFA0BFB92" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,1083,1105]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30022DFA0BFB92" box="[136,1451,1083,1105]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
- Shrubs to
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diam.; spines honey-brown, stiff ...........................................................................................................................11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF300249FA0BFB49" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300249FA0AFBAD" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1450,1112,1134]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300249FA0AFBAD" box="[136,1450,1112,1134]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
11. Segments light yellowish-green; most spines directed upwards; stigma green ..................................................
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB500249FB54FBAE" bold="true" box="[1256,1268,1112,1133]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAB80248FA0AFBAD" ID-CoL="72TCF" box="[1280,1450,1112,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAB80248FA0AFBAD" bold="true" box="[1280,1450,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300264FA0BFB49" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,1141,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300264FA0BFB49" box="[136,1451,1141,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
- Segments bluish grey-green; most spines directed; sideward or downwards; stigma ruby-red...............................
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFABB0264FAAFFB49" bold="true" box="[1283,1295,1141,1162]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">6</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAA30264FA0BFB49" ID-CoL="735CG" box="[1307,1451,1141,1162]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassispina">
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA30264FA0BFB49" bold="true" box="[1307,1451,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. crassispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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