535 lines
55 KiB
XML
535 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="DB4AC07297BE7556B6278A8953E78A7D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6641038" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1655192635635" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Walter, Helmut E. & Guerrero, Pablo C." docDate="2022" docId="03B987C7FFE1FFBCFF30027FFA0BFB49" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.550.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 550 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Maihueniopsis Speg." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FF80FFBFFFE6FFB4FFB80611FFA0FFC3" masterDocTitle="Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1699336538565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="2E2BC67B22F5DC3C30F13AD6FBD8222B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="40CDA7AB9D7E6218CDE9260951C0DE0E">
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<mods:title id="080396D01C5D858CFF10D0A5BFE812A9">Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="050E969A0CE6AC0B53BE06238441C1E8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="9B86FCBEDE21CAB8982EA9282D8A5A23">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3A4BDA944FDED651AB9DC75111D44B5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1F39A4C2EA09BE554EF509DA98310F8D">Walter, Helmut E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F39F4CD71F0852CFC808C989F37451F5" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8614-0159</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7DC5C0E66441376DD7D8A1B8F82F98D2">The EXSIS Project: Cactaceae Ex-Situ & In-Situ Conservation, 31860, Emmerthal, Germany. & hw 582133 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8614 - 0159</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="29F76E881C18F1D02C795B4F0C6A33F7" type="email">hw582133@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3BE1F7CB84EF343D29856E09CBCB3A11" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0F33C2050100C11C9C2B236BDF040DA6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ECE06784F321A6E9B24E9C32B1E33A19">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A0625E901CCD1F865650962927537832">Guerrero, Pablo C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="26E35948E1EE111BE365D5A8270E510E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1034-1899</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="882AFB43175809E600A08333E4F5255A">Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales & Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 C, Concepción, Chile. & Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile. & Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Ecosystems (BASE), CP 7800003, Santiago, Chile. & pabloguerrero @ udec. cl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1034 - 1899</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="27B182F708E893A55305A2F20E3B564C" type="email">pabloguerrero@udec.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A24AEE6434B4E692A15808FE9CD6ECC5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B14EDE07915C544149947AC6DC01200F">
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<mods:title id="347506C94D6A71F1352412060AB3DABD">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="17581F03102EC16B51100625446A3A89">
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<mods:date id="0AABFF39DDF8B2C0D521225AC8B81A5C">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A317FF3FF326D112444E253AACC641B0" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="EA5020058C75F0DC032C5B25FC20AF44">2022-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="C1E0785057D7D20BE61D2A641C616B4E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0C56671C8577CB1EF626631912685EFF">550</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A7EA076910B5CDB2E58A7292ABFBDE5F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E3CB4296412CF81EEF974EA73D2468C9">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="3FAAA7A69416F317292F0B2894A3A39B" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="F32DDF0636A08D779A1190900737B9D5">79</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F15E2BA7F9FE639DD0E4D877F5A01ABE">98</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="DA5BEB9D3250E304067A6982FD9F08D1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="93AF737B41B0A60B4EE189C51A56897F" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0E37F126A8F5F709C932C3D254BE0D94" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="167E3BE557FD45193931E7F24931993C" type="Zenodo-Dep">6641038</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B987C7FFE1FFBCFF30027FFA0BFB49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6645732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6645732" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987C7FFE1FFBCFF30027FFA0BFB49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987C7FFE1FFBCFF30027FFA0BFB49" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
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<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFE1FFB3FF30027FFE24FB4B" box="[136,388,1134,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE1FFB3FF30027FFE24FB4B" blockId="7.[136,1452,1098,1988]" box="[136,388,1134,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF30027FFE24FB4B" bold="true" box="[136,388,1134,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF30027FFEDFFB4B" ID-CoL="5K96" ID-ENA="572154" authority="Speg." authorityName="Speg." box="[136,383,1134,1161]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF30027FFE93FB4A" bold="true" box="[136,307,1134,1161]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis</emphasis>
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Speg.
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFE1FFBCFE3D027EFB01FEE7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE1FFB3FE3D027EFCCCF942" blockId="7.[136,1452,1098,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FE1A027EFDDEFB4A" author="Hunt, D." box="[418,638,1134,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refId="ref17134" refString="Hunt, D. (2016) CITES Cactaceae Checklist Third Edition. Milborne Port, Remous Limited, 175 pp." type="book" year="2016">
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Hunt’s
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FE4B027EFD8CFB4B" box="[499,556,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
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(2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FD0D027EFCF2FB4A" author="Hunt, D. & Taylor, N. & Charles, G." box="[693,850,1135,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refId="ref17187" refString="Hunt, D., Taylor, N. & Charles, G. (2013) The New Cactus Lexicon, Atlas of Illustrations. Dh Books, Milborn Port, 373 pp." type="book" year="2013">Hunt’s (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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circumscription of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FB1A027FFAE7FB4B" box="[1186,1351,1134,1160]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FB1A027FFAE7FB4B" box="[1186,1351,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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includes only four species occurring in
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<collectingCountry id="F3077641FFE1FFB3FE5D0283FD84FB6F" box="[485,548,1170,1196]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Chile</collectingCountry>
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, i.e. the two endemics
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC940282FBF1FB6F" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[812,1105,1170,1196]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archiconoidea">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC940282FC54FB6F" box="[812,1012,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. archiconoidea</emphasis>
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F.Ritter
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FB320282FAD6FB6F" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[1162,1398,1170,1196]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conoidea">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FB320282FAB8FB6F" box="[1162,1304,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. conoidea</emphasis>
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F.Ritter
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</taxonomicName>
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, and two species occurring also in
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<collectingCountry id="F3077641FFE1FFB3FE5F02A7FDF6FB13" box="[487,598,1206,1232]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FDD202A6FC9AFB13" authority="Hnsl." authorityName="Hnsl." box="[618,826,1206,1232]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="darwinii">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FDD202A6FD53FB13" box="[618,755,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. darwinii</emphasis>
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Hnsl.
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FCC002A6FB97FB12" authority="Pfeiff." authorityName="Pfeiff." box="[888,1079,1206,1233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FCC002A6FC40FB13" box="[888,992,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. ovata</emphasis>
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Pfeiff.
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</taxonomicName>
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). These authors merged the rest of the Chilean species described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FD9002CBFD1CFB36" author="Ritter, F." box="[552,700,1242,1269]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refId="ref18411" refString="Ritter, F. (1980) Kakteen in Su ¨ damerika, vol. 3. Friedrich Ritter Selbstverlag, Spangenberg, 381 pp." type="book" year="1980">Ritter (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FD4E02CBFC0FFB36" author="Espinosa, M. R." box="[758,943,1242,1269]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="126 - 130" refId="ref16619" refString="Espinosa, M. R. (1933) Una Opuntia nueva chilena. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 37: 126 - 130." type="journal article" year="1933">Espinosa (1933)</bibRefCitation>
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into the widespread Argentinean species
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FA3502CAFE71FADB" authority="(Haw.) R. Kiesling" authorityName="R. Kiesling" baseAuthorityName="Haw." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FA3502CAFF5BFADB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
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(Haw.) R.Kiesling
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</taxonomicName>
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without any evidence (i.e. detailed descriptions, morphological keys, and/or molecular phylogenies). They did not realize, however, that the Chilean
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC820333FC7FFAFF" box="[826,991,1314,1340]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC820333FC7FFAFF" box="[826,991,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are clearly divided into two main groups (the “
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF7F0357FE9AFAA3" box="[199,314,1350,1376]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF7F0357FE9AFAA3" box="[199,314,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- group” and the “
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FDBD0357FD0AFAA3" box="[517,682,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis-</emphasis>
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group”) when all members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FB9D0357FB61FAA3" box="[1061,1217,1350,1376]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FB9D0357FB61FAA3" box="[1061,1217,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group [
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FAA10356FEFCFA47" authority="(Espinosa) F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" baseAuthorityName="Espinosa" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camachoi">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FAA10356FA0BFAA3" box="[1305,1451,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. camachoi</emphasis>
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(Espinosa) F.Ritter
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FEDE037AFD9BFA47" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[358,571,1386,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colorea">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FEDE037AFE40FA47" box="[358,480,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. colorea</emphasis>
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F.Ritter
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FDFE037AFCE6FA47" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[582,838,1386,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassispina">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FDFE037AFD4AFA47" box="[582,746,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. crassispina</emphasis>
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F.Ritter
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FCE8037AFBCDFA47" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[848,1133,1386,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FCE8037AFBB1FA47" box="[848,1041,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
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F.Ritter
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FBCF037AFAD9FA47" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[1143,1401,1386,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FBCF037AFABCFA47" box="[1143,1308,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. grandiflora</emphasis>
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F.Ritter
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF30039EFE0FFA6A" authority="F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" box="[136,431,1422,1449]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Eriosyce" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wagenknechtii">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF30039EFEF0FA6B" box="[136,336,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. wagenknechtii</emphasis>
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F.Ritter
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</taxonomicName>
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] are included in the sampling. All members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC56039FFB2AFA6B" box="[1006,1162,1422,1448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC56039FFB2AFA6B" box="[1006,1162,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group are endemic to the western slopes of the Chilean Andes. Populations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD5A03A2FCDBFA0F" box="[738,891,1458,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="glomerata">
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<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD5A03A2FCDBFA0F" box="[738,891,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757B8FFE1FFB3FC3C03A2FC17FA0E" box="[900,951,1459,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" sensu="stricto">s.str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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had not yet been documented in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3077641FFE1FFB3FA8C03A3FAD4FA0F" box="[1332,1396,1458,1484]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The molecular-based phylogeny presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FDD803C7FC85FA32" author="Ritz, C. M. & Reiker, J. & Charles, G. & Hoxey, P. & Hunt, D. & Lowry, M. & Stuppy, W. & Taylor, N." box="[608,805,1494,1521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="668 - 681" refId="ref18513" refString="Ritz, C. M., Reiker, J., Charles, G., Hoxey, P., Hunt, D., Lowry, M., Stuppy, W. & Taylor, N. (2012) Molecular phylogeny and character evolution in terete - stemmed Andean opuntias (Cactaceae - Opuntioideae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65: 668 - 681. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.07.027" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Ritz
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD2003C6FD71FA33" box="[664,721,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC1603C6FBD1FA33" box="[942,1137,1494,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC1603C6FBD1FA33" box="[942,1137,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[a species that was lumped into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF0403EAFEF5F9D7" box="[188,341,1530,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF0403EAFEF5F9D7" box="[188,341,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FE3A03EAFDAEF9D6" author="Hunt, D." box="[386,526,1530,1557]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="5 - 29" refId="ref17088" refString="Hunt, D. (2011) Classification of the " cyndroid " opuntias of South America. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 25: 5 - 29." type="journal article" year="2011">Hunt (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] is sister to the rest of the nine taxa (all of them being members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FA8003EBFA0BF9D7" box="[1336,1451,1530,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FA8003EBFA0BF9D7" box="[1336,1451,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FF5A000FFE05F9FA" author="Ritz, C. M. & Reiker, J. & Charles, G. & Hoxey, P. & Hunt, D. & Lowry, M. & Stuppy, W. & Taylor, N." box="[226,421,1566,1593]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" pagination="668 - 681" refId="ref18513" refString="Ritz, C. M., Reiker, J., Charles, G., Hoxey, P., Hunt, D., Lowry, M., Stuppy, W. & Taylor, N. (2012) Molecular phylogeny and character evolution in terete - stemmed Andean opuntias (Cactaceae - Opuntioideae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65: 668 - 681. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.07.027" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Ritz
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FEA1000EFEF3F9FB" box="[281,339,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found it “interesting” that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD61000EFC3BF9FB" box="[729,923,1566,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD61000EFC3BF9FB" box="[729,923,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not placed within the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FB63000FFAEEF9FB" box="[1243,1358,1566,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FB63000FFAEEF9FB" box="[1243,1358,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” group. Their sampling was unbalanced, as they included nine species assigned to the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FC430053FBCEF99F" box="[1019,1134,1602,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FC430053FBCEF99F" box="[1019,1134,1602,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” group (see above) but only one assigned to the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FEC90077FDADF943" box="[369,525,1638,1664]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FEC90077FDADF943" box="[369,525,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” group (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD230076FCFCF943" box="[667,860,1638,1664]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD230076FCFCF943" box="[667,860,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFE1FFB3FF05009BFDDDF807" blockId="7.[136,1452,1098,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF05009BFDA3F967" box="[189,515,1674,1700]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF05009BFDA3F967" box="[189,515,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely a separate lineage. So, we conclude that a) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FBF5009AFAACF967" box="[1101,1292,1674,1700]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FBF5009AFAACF967" box="[1101,1292,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not cluster with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF7A00BEFEFCF90B" box="[194,348,1710,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF7A00BEFEFCF90B" box="[194,348,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD3000BFFD5BF90B" box="[648,763,1710,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD3000BFFD5BF90B" box="[648,763,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-clade), it cannot be considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FAB300BEFA04F90B" box="[1291,1444,1710,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FAB300BEFA04F90B" box="[1291,1444,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus b) the rest of the members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FDE700C3FD5BF92F" box="[607,763,1746,1772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FDE700C3FD5BF92F" box="[607,763,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, who share the same morphological characters with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FA3500C2FE84F8D3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FA3500C2FE84F8D3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cannot be considered synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FD0E00E6FCEDF8D3" box="[694,845,1782,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FD0E00E6FCEDF8D3" box="[694,845,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">M. glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This conclusion is corroborated by a broadly sampled (i.e. all the members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FE73010BFDC7F8F7" box="[459,615,1818,1844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FE73010BFDC7F8F7" box="[459,615,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group) molecular phylogeny (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D4F833FFE1FFB3FC7E010AFB90F8F6" box="[966,1072,1819,1845]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in preparation) that showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF30012FFE8DF89B" box="[136,301,1854,1880]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF30012FFE8DF89B" box="[136,301,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is split into two groups congruent with the above presented morphylogy-based groups (a morphologybased key is reported below). According to the results of the phylogenetic analyses one large species-complex was split:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFE1FFB3FF710197FE4AF863" box="[201,490,1926,1952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFE1FFB3FF710197FE4AF863" box="[201,490,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Maihueniopsis glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFE1FFB3FDD70196FD5BF862" author="Hunt, D." box="[623,763,1926,1953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" refId="ref17134" refString="Hunt, D. (2016) CITES Cactaceae Checklist Third Edition. Milborne Port, Remous Limited, 175 pp." type="book" year="2016">Hunt (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
withdrew his opinion and reinstalled all of the formerly not accepted species of the domeykoensis-clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF05068FFB01FEE7" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
A nomenclatural note on the no validly published name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFC94068FFAB3FF7B" authority="(Werderm.) F. Ritter" authorityName="F. Ritter" baseAuthorityName="Werderm." box="[812,1299,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leoncito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFC94068FFB90FF7B" box="[812,1072,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Maihueniopsis leoncito</emphasis>
|
||
(Werderm.) F.Ritter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is necessary. According to Art. 41.5 ICN (Turland
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFD8406D2FDD7FF1F" box="[572,631,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018), Ritter’s “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFC8406D3FBE4FF1F" box="[828,1092,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leoncito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFC8406D3FBE4FF1F" box="[828,1092,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Maihueniopsis leoncito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is invalid because it does not include the place of publication of the basyonym. The correct name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFC3806F7FA0CFEC2" authority="(Werdermann ex F. Ritter)" baseAuthorityName="F. Ritter" box="[896,1452,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leoncito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFC3806F7FB26FEC3" box="[896,1158,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Maihueniopsis leoncito</emphasis>
|
||
(Werdermann ex F.Ritter)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
P.C.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D4F833FFEEFFBCFF04071BFE81FEE7" box="[188,289,266,292]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Helmut Walter was recently published by
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D4F833FFEEFFBCFCA3071BFC20FEE7" box="[795,896,266,292]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Helmut
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B20FFEEFFBCFC46071BFB3DFEE7" author="Walter, H. E." box="[1022,1181,266,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref19353" refString="Walter, H. E. (2019) The cacti of the Chilean Patagonia. Cactus World 37: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="2019">Walter (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30A655AFFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFB49" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FF8161E0FFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFB49" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFE79" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFE42" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30075EFA0BFE42" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
1. Branch segments ≤
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE36075FFE1FFEA7" box="[398,447,334,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
; spines ± flattened; mature fruits unspined, ±ovoid or cylindric; seeds pale yellow, with short trichomes (“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFF5D077AFEE8FE43" ID-CoL="6R5CD" box="[229,328,363,384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFF5D077AFEE8FE43" box="[229,328,363,384]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group”)...........................................................................................................................................................................2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300798FA0BFE79" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300798FA0BFE79" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
- Branch segments
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE390799FE78FE5D" box="[385,472,392,414]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
, spines terete in cross-section; fruits spiny, obconical urn-shaped; seeds brown, with long trichomes (“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFF5D07B4FECAFE79" ID-CoL="72TCF" box="[229,362,421,442]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFF5D07B4FECAFE79" box="[229,362,421,442]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group”).....................................................................................................................................................................7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF3007D3FA0BFE37" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3007D3FA0BFE14" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,450,472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3007D3FA0BFE14" box="[136,1451,450,472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">2. Spines strongly flattened and broad at base, often deflexed ..............................................................................................................3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3007CEFA0BFE37" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,479,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3007CEFA0BFE37" box="[136,1451,479,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">- Spines less flattened, not broad at base, thinner, not deflexed ...........................................................................................................4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF3007EDFA0AFDA4" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3007EDFA11FDED" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3007EDFA11FDED" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
3. Compact, large cushions
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE7107EAFD89FDD2" box="[457,553,507,529]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="20.0">20–60 cm</quantity>
|
||
high; segments to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFD5B07EDFCB6FDD2" box="[739,790,508,529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
, broadly conical, apex acute; spines to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFB2E07EDFB69FDD2" box="[1174,1225,508,529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
, pointed downwards to porrect.........................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA90409FA11FDED" bold="true" box="[1297,1457,536,558]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFA830408FA11FDED" ID-CoL="74RMW" box="[1339,1457,536,558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leoncito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA830408FA11FDED" bold="true" box="[1339,1457,536,558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. leoncito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300424FA0AFDA4" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300424FA0AFDA4" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
- Small, loose cushions up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE550424FD8AFD89" box="[493,554,565,586]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam. and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFD250424FD7BFD89" box="[669,731,565,586]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
high; segments <
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFC350424FC74FD89" box="[909,980,565,587]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, conoid to globose, apex obtuse; spines ≤
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFACC0424FA08FD89" box="[1396,1448,565,586]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
, deflexed or appressed to segment........................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB5C0443FA0AFDA4" bold="true" box="[1252,1450,593,615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFB440443FA0AFDA4" ID-CoL="735B2" box="[1276,1450,593,615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archiconoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB440443FA0AFDA4" bold="true" box="[1276,1450,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. archiconoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF30047EFA11FD62" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30047EFA0BFD47" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,622,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30047EFA0BFD47" box="[136,1451,622,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
4. Branch segments <
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE34047FFE1DFD47" box="[396,445,622,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
; spines
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFDB1047EFDECFD47" box="[521,588,623,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 cm</quantity>
|
||
.............................................................................................................................................5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30049DFA11FD62" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1457,651,673]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30049DFA11FD62" box="[136,1457,651,673]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
- Branch segments
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFEC5049AFE79FD62" box="[381,473,651,673]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
; spines <
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFD8B049DFDFCFD62" box="[563,604,652,673]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="3.0">3cm</quantity>
|
||
...........................................................................................................................................6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF3004B9FA0AFCD7" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3004B9FA0BFD18" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3004B9FA0BFD18" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
5. Shrubs forming compact cushions up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFDE404B9FD38FD7D" box="[604,664,680,702]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFD4604B9FC9AFD7D" box="[766,826,680,702]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
|
||
high; areoles numerous,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFB9704B9FBDEFD7D" box="[1071,1150,680,702]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, upper 2/3 spiniferous; stigmalobes green.................................................................................................................................................................... 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFA8F04D4FA0BFD18" ID-CoL="6R5CF" box="[1335,1451,709,731]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA8F04D4FA0BFD18" bold="true" box="[1335,1451,709,731]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3004F3FA0AFCD7" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3004F3FA0AFCD7" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
- Cushions loose, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE3104F3FE64FD34" box="[393,452,738,759]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
high; areoles few,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFDC204F3FD6CFD34" box="[634,716,738,759]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, only upper third to upper half spiniferous; stigma-lobes red.......................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA9304EFFA0AFCD7" bold="true" box="[1323,1450,766,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
11.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAEC04EEFA0AFCD7" ID-CoL="3XJF7" box="[1364,1450,767,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAEC04EEFA0AFCD7" bold="true" box="[1364,1450,767,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF30050AFA0AFCA9" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30050AFA0AFC8D" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30050AFA0AFC8D" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
6. Small, loose cushions; spines directed sideward to ±downwards, new ones blackish-violet; fruits cylindric, areoles wooly ............ ....................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAAA0529FA84FC8E" bold="true" box="[1298,1316,824,845]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFA880528FA0AFC8D" ID-CoL="72TCG" box="[1328,1450,824,846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA880528FAE5FC8D" bold="true" box="[1328,1349,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAE90529FA0AFC8D" bold="true" box="[1361,1450,824,846]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">conoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300544FA0AFCA9" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1450,853,875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300544FA0AFCA9" box="[136,1450,853,875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
- Large compact cushions; spines porrect to erect, new ones yellowish; fruits ovoid, areoles not woolly .............
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB400544FA0AFCA9" bold="true" box="[1272,1450,853,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAA80544FA0AFCA9" ID-CoL="5ZZ2M" box="[1296,1450,853,874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA80544FA0AFCA9" bold="true" box="[1296,1450,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. atacamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF300563FA0BFC67" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300563FA0BFC44" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,882,904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300563FA0BFC44" box="[136,1451,882,904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
7. Areole number <40, only upper 2/3 of areoles spiniferous; spineslong,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFCC30563FC6EFC44" box="[891,974,882,904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5–12 cm</quantity>
|
||
............................................................................8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30059EFA0BFC67" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,910,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30059EFA0BFC67" box="[136,1451,910,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
- Areole number 40-60, even basalmost ones spiniferous, spines
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFC89059EFCD8FC67" box="[817,888,911,932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
......................................................... 12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFB41059EFA0BFC67" ID-CoL="3B6WV" box="[1273,1451,910,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Eriosyce" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wagenknechtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB41059EFA0BFC67" bold="true" box="[1273,1451,910,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. wagenknechtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF3005BDFA11FC1E" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3005BDFA0BFC02" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,939,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3005BDFA0BFC02" box="[136,1451,939,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">8. Spines red-brown, base whitish; seeds small .....................................................................................................................................9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3005D8FA11FC1E" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1457,968,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3005D8FA11FC1E" box="[136,1457,968,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">- Spines white or light honey-brown; seeds large...............................................................................................................................10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF3005F4FA0AFBD4" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF3005F4FA0BFC38" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,997,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF3005F4FA0BFC38" box="[136,1451,997,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
9. Stigma lobes red; spines to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE6305F4FDB6FC39" box="[475,534,997,1018]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
|
||
..............................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA905F4FABDFC39" bold="true" box="[1297,1309,997,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFA9105F4FA0BFC38" ID-CoL="735CH" box="[1321,1451,997,1019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camachoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA9105F4FA0BFC38" bold="true" box="[1321,1451,997,1019]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. camachoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300213FA0AFBD4" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1450,1025,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300213FA0AFBD4" box="[136,1450,1025,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
- Stigma lobes green; spines to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE4A0213FD81FBD4" box="[498,545,1026,1048]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
................................................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFA900213FA94FBD4" bold="true" box="[1320,1332,1026,1047]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAF80213FA0AFBD4" ID-CoL="6R5CG" box="[1344,1450,1025,1047]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colorea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAF80213FA0AFBD4" bold="true" box="[1344,1450,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. colorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF30020EFA0BFB92" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30020EFA0AFBF7" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1450,1054,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30020EFA0AFBF7" box="[136,1450,1054,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
10. Shrubs up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFEEA020EFED7FBF7" box="[338,375,1055,1076]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
diam.; spines white, those on flowers and fruits contorted........................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB42020FFAA6FBF0" bold="true" box="[1274,1286,1054,1075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">9</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAA0020EFA0AFBF7" ID-CoL="Y4F2" box="[1304,1450,1054,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Copiapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA0020EFA0AFBF7" bold="true" box="[1304,1450,1054,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF30022DFA0BFB92" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,1083,1105]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF30022DFA0BFB92" box="[136,1451,1083,1105]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
- Shrubs to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE89B34FFEEFFBCFE8C022AFECFFB92" box="[308,367,1083,1105]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; spines honey-brown, stiff ...........................................................................................................................11
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E42E74FFEEFFBCFF300249FA0BFB49" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300249FA0AFBAD" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1450,1112,1134]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300249FA0AFBAD" box="[136,1450,1112,1134]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
11. Segments light yellowish-green; most spines directed upwards; stigma green ..................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFB500249FB54FBAE" bold="true" box="[1256,1268,1112,1133]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">8</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAB80248FA0AFBAD" ID-CoL="72TCF" box="[1280,1450,1112,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domeykoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAB80248FA0AFBAD" bold="true" box="[1280,1450,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. domeykoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36D1FFEEFFBCFF300264FA0BFB49" blockId="8.[136,1457,334,1163]" box="[136,1451,1141,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E195E4FFEEFFBCFF300264FA0BFB49" box="[136,1451,1141,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">
|
||
- Segments bluish grey-green; most spines directed; sideward or downwards; stigma ruby-red...............................
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFABB0264FAAFFB49" bold="true" box="[1283,1295,1141,1162]" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D52FFEEFFBCFAA30264FA0BFB49" ID-CoL="735CG" box="[1307,1451,1141,1162]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Maihueniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAC3FFEEFFBCFAA30264FA0BFB49" bold="true" box="[1307,1451,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="87">M. crassispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |