329 lines
42 KiB
XML
329 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="D82EF9F525D8E779BD697408EFE8E758" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.213689" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88685f95-d065-4351-8008-177ab2a42400" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="213689" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460524138997" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oberprieler, Rolf G. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K." docDate="2012" docId="03B85F101D48FFE6FF5EFB32FC2DF807" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03478p266.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3478" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Talbragarus Oberprieler & Oberprieler, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="260" masterDocId="FF8127681D4AFFE2FFC9FFFAFFE1FFB5" masterDocTitle="Talbragarus averyi gen. et sp. n., the first Jurassic weevil from the southern hemisphere (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Nemonychidae)" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="256" pageNumber="258" updateTime="1698314903222" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="0557EC1F3B2B8F008D2EC827DA7FBE04" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="53A71A70FC701F63DE1BDDDEC9FFCAE1">
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<mods:title id="FEE5FABF5FA533688F1C8706E8CC71CD">Talbragarus averyi gen. et sp. n., the first Jurassic weevil from the southern hemisphere (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Nemonychidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E3FCA12BC69EF1ED91DE64898110F970" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8B82F2DF0B1B8C858E585B1AD3B83BE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3FBAD15D1EDCD5A19DC6FB7E459E2E0D">Oberprieler, Rolf G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="81E46131F9E186DFD05A260E54D35FE0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8442B6AD7CF33FFE1D19BEA9C325824E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1B75D1A6CAC04B01B4F9B9786F6774F8">Oberprieler, Stefanie K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AA9FFF8B4092CF998A04FB4EDBB75097">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BFAE483577E76CF8D822E5E0BBE5316F">
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<mods:title id="B503279CF448EBFD34BC40DE7489C572">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="57EB4A9263266C1EB00DA9282824864E">
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<mods:date id="E165FCD76432903E9F26A655086B418A">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="25064311DC1D32690B7DDE374C7A7687" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7DF7C84D5BB374B738F031D272057DB4">3478</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="76849C3FECC2268D3CD782EA6AC1034B">256</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7999B1ACBF18C7F429B021FB3218F1C2">266</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="686187A6E6F12C20CECAADA046881289">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B6030B9B4C4C2D866D79F7292153E79D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.213689</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2E5DF3D1C3E8C3CE98F815FEC9693838" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0DAB7F3F151144186F4C18AE92720F95" type="Zenodo-Dep">213689</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B85F101D48FFE6FF5EFB32FC2DF807" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494062" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119526091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6494062" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B85F101D48FFE6FF5EFB32FC2DF807" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B85F101D48FFE6FF5EFB32FC2DF807" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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<subSubSection id="C30BBD8D1D48FFE0FF5EFB32FCD8FB57" box="[151,825,1224,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAEEE061D48FFE0FF5EFB32FCD8FB57" blockId="2.[151,825,1224,1250]" box="[151,825,1224,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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<heading id="D0E6596A1D48FFE0FF5EFB32FCD8FB57" bold="true" box="[151,825,1224,1250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96532141D48FFE0FF5EFB32FCD8FB57" bold="true" box="[151,825,1224,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D48FFE0FF27FB32FD3BFB57" authority="Oberprieler & Oberprieler" authorityName="Oberprieler & Oberprieler" box="[238,730,1224,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Schizocoleidae" genus="Talbragarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96532141D48FFE0FF27FB32FE60FB57" bold="true" box="[238,385,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Talbragarus</emphasis>
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Oberprieler & Oberprieler
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2568F6F1D48FFE0FD2EFB32FCD8FB57" box="[743,825,1224,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30BBD8D1D48FFE0FF5EFAF5FCDEFA91" box="[151,831,1294,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAEEE061D48FFE0FF5EFAF5FCDEFA91" blockId="2.[151,831,1294,1317]" box="[151,831,1294,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B96532141D48FFE0FF5EFAF5FEC4FA90" bold="true" box="[151,293,1294,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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<typeStatus id="54AA50A41D48FFE0FF5EFAF5FF2DFA91" box="[151,204,1295,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D48FFE0FEE2FAF5FD1EFA91" authority="Oberprieler & Oberprieler" authorityName="Oberprieler & Oberprieler" box="[299,767,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Schizocoleidae" genus="Talbragarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="averyi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96532141D48FFE0FEE2FAF5FE0CFA90" box="[299,493,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Talbragarus averyi</emphasis>
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Oberprieler & Oberprieler
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2568F6F1D48FFE0FCC0FAF5FCDEFA91" box="[777,831,1295,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30BBD8D1D48FFE0FF5EFAABFD4EF80A" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAEEE061D48FFE0FF5EFAABFD4EF80A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1361,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B96532141D48FFE0FF5EFAABFEC8FADF" bold="true" box="[151,297,1361,1386]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Description.</emphasis>
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Head short, transverse, sunk into prothorax without distinct temples or neck. Rostrum longer than head + prothorax, thin, evenly cylindrical, slightly downcurved; inserted in lower half of head to form a distinct sinus with head dorsally in profile; sides apparently longitudinally grooved. Eyes anterolateral, subrotund, slightly protruding from surface of head; hind margin close to anterior margin of prothorax. Mouthparts apparently with long maxillary palps. Antennae orthocerous, inserted in about middle of rostral length, reaching to about middle of prothorax in repose; funicles with segments shortly elongate, loose; clubs loosely 3-segmented, segments asymmetrically enlarged, obconical (
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<figureCitation id="132AF2831D48FFE0FD83F9CBFD74F9FC" box="[586,661,1585,1609]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1418,755,1587]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Talbragus averyi gen. et sp. n., holotype. 1. part (AM F. 137581); 2. counterpart (AM F. 137582); 3. left antennal club of part, magnified; 4. left fore femur of part, magnified." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Thorax with prothorax shortly subtrapezoidal, dorsally slightly convex, sides medially somewhat expanded and sharply declivous in arc towards base of pronotum (
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<figureCitation id="132AF2831D48FFE0FAC5F9ADFA9BF9DA" box="[1292,1402,1623,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1418,755,1587]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Talbragus averyi gen. et sp. n., holotype. 1. part (AM F. 137581); 2. counterpart (AM F. 137582); 3. left antennal club of part, magnified; 4. left fore femur of part, magnified." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132AF2831D48FFE0FA4EF9ADFF46F921" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1992,2015]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,588,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1416,587,1968]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Talbragus averyi gen. et sp. n., holotype; 5. part (AM F. 137581); 6. counterpart (AM F. 137582)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213691/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">5, 6</figureCitation>
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), pronotum with posterior corners rounded, not fitting closely to elytra, posterior margin grooved or sharply declivous, surface densely coarsely punctate; fore coxal cavities large and contiguous, hind coxal cavities also large, transverse, apparently contiguous; scutellum small, narrow; metanepisterna narrowly triangular. Elytra slightly convex, a little more so at apex, shortly elongate, broad, more or less equally wide in anterior two-thirds, at base together wider than base of prothorax, at apex evenly individually rounded, fully covering abdomen; with distinct scutellary striole and 10 full, coarsely punctate striae but striation laterally somewhat irregular and obscured. Legs poorly preserved; fore femora large, medially slightly inflated, unarmed; surface distinctly corrugate (
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<figureCitation id="132AF2831D48FFE0FEDDF87BFEBFF82C" box="[276,350,1921,1945]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1418,755,1587]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Talbragus averyi gen. et sp. n., holotype. 1. part (AM F. 137581); 2. counterpart (AM F. 137582); 3. left antennal club of part, magnified; 4. left fore femur of part, magnified." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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); tibiae and tarsi not distinctly preserved. Abdomen with five flat, subequal, apparently free ventrites, last ventrite apically broadly rounded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30BBD8D1D48FFE6FF0EF836FD5DFB87" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="258" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BAEEE061D48FFE0FF0EF836FB45F851" blockId="2.[151,1437,1361,2020]" box="[199,1188,1996,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B96532141D48FFE0FF0EF836FEAFF851" bold="true" box="[199,334,1996,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="258">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named after its only known site, the Talbragar Fish Bed; gender masculine.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6EBE8E1D49FFE1FF5EF861FCB8F867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="259" targetBox="[170,1417,195,1913]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BAEEE061D49FFE1FF5EF861FCB8F867" blockId="3.[151,1436,1947,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="259">
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<emphasis id="B96532141D49FFE1FF5EF861FEDFF805" bold="true" box="[151,318,1947,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="259">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96532141D49FFE1FE80F861FE18F804" box="[329,505,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="259">
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Talbragus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D49FFE1FE70F866FE18F804" box="[441,505,1948,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Schizocoleidae" genus="Talbragarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="averyi">averyi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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gen. et sp. n., holotype.
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<emphasis id="B96532141D49FFE1FCC3F861FCFCF805" bold="true" box="[778,797,1947,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="259">1.</emphasis>
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part (AM F.137581);
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<emphasis id="B96532141D49FFE1FBC4F861FBC1F805" bold="true" box="[1037,1056,1947,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="259">2.</emphasis>
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counterpart (AM F.137582);
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<emphasis id="B96532141D49FFE1FA95F861FA91F805" bold="true" box="[1372,1392,1947,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="259">3.</emphasis>
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left antennal club of part, magnified; 4. left fore femur of part, magnified.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BAEEE061D4EFFE6FF0EFF6DFD5DFB87" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">
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<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FF0EFF6DFE3BFF05" bold="true" box="[199,474,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Taxonomic placement.</emphasis>
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The distinction between the now generally recognised seven families of extant
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF5EFF47FEA5FF60" box="[151,324,189,213]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Curculionoidea">Curculionoidea</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FE9FFF47FE18FF60" author="Kuschel" box="[342,505,189,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Kuschel, G. (1995) A phylogenetic classification of Curculionoidea to families and subfamilies. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 14, 5 - 33." type="journal article" year="1995">Kuschel 1995</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FDC1FF47FCF2FF60" author="Oberprieler" box="[520,787,189,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Oberprieler, R. G., Marvaldi, A. E., & Anderson, R. S. (2007) Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere. Zootaxa, 1668, 491 - 520." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Oberprieler
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<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FD5AFF44FD26FF60" box="[659,711,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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) is based largely on the conditions of a number of key structures,
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<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FEDDFF1EFED7FF4E" box="[276,310,228,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">i.e.</emphasis>
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the labrum (free or fused with the clypeus), the antennae (orthocerous or gonatocerous), the gular sutures (double or single), the elytral striation (with or without scutellary strioles), the tibial apices (with or without spurs), the abdominal tergites (7th concealed under elytra or exposed as pygidium) and the tarsal claws (simple or appendiculate/bifid). Unfortunately many of these characters preserve poorly in compression fossils. This is the case also with
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<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FEF0FE81FE23FE26" box="[313,450,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Talbragarus</emphasis>
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, in which the tip of the rostrum and the legs are not adequately preserved in either of the two known specimens and the only relevant characters in evidence are those of the antennae, elytral striation and coverage of the abdomen. The presence of scutellary strioles excludes a placement of
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<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FB40FE3FFAF1FE68" box="[1161,1296,453,477]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Talbragarus</emphasis>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FAF7FE3FFA79FE68" box="[1342,1432,453,477]" class="Insecta" family="Caridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caridae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF5EFE10FEE5FDB7" box="[151,260,490,514]" class="Insecta" family="Brentidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Brentidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FEF6FE10FE3FFDB7" box="[319,478,490,514]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
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and the absence of a pygidium (the abdominal tergites fully covered by the elytra) excludes one in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE82FDEAFE30FD9D" box="[331,465,528,552]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthribidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FDCFFDEAFD6AFD9D" box="[518,651,528,552]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Attelabidae</taxonomicName>
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; the pygidium though is not always clearly visible in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FB15FDEAFABCFD9D" box="[1244,1373,528,552]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Attelabidae</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FAA5FDEBFA74FD9D" box="[1388,1429,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">e.g.</emphasis>
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, in the Australian species classified in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FD82FDCFFCBCFDF8" authority="Desbrochers" authorityName="Desbrochers" box="[587,861,565,589]" class="Insecta" family="Rhynchitidae" genus="Auletobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FD82FDCFFD22FDF8" box="[587,707,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Auletobius</emphasis>
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Desbrochers
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</taxonomicName>
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), but their antennae are inserted at the base of the rostrum. Also in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FDCDFDA0FD42FDC7" box="[516,675,602,626]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxycoryninae">Oxycoryninae</taxonomicName>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FD07FDA0FCC2FDC7" box="[718,803,602,626]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Belidae</taxonomicName>
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are the antennae inserted basally, and the prothorax is often laterally carinate. This leaves only
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<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FDB9FD7AFCF8FD2D" box="[624,793,640,664]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
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and the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FC35FD7AFBB3FD2D" box="[1020,1106,640,664]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">Belinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FBB5FD7AFB30FD2D" box="[1148,1233,640,664]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Belidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in contention for placing
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FF39FD5FFE98FD08" box="[240,377,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Talbragarus</emphasis>
|
||
. The differentiation between these two taxa rests primarily on the condition of the labrum (free in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF70FD30FE84FD57" box="[185,357,714,738]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fused in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FDCEFD30FDBFFD57" box="[519,606,714,738]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Belidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the presence of a grooming device on the fore tibiae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FA8EFD30FEA7FCBD" authority="(Kuschel 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Kuschel" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">
|
||
Belinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FF57FD0AFEDFFCBD" author="Kuschel" box="[158,318,752,776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Kuschel, G. (1995) A phylogenetic classification of Curculionoidea to families and subfamilies. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 14, 5 - 33." type="journal article" year="1995">Kuschel 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but neither of these characters is preserved in
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FC99FD0AFC3BFCBD" box="[848,986,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Talbragarus</emphasis>
|
||
. Other differences between the two taxa occur in the length of the antennae (reaching or exceeding the base of the elytra in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FB72FCEFFAF0FC98" box="[1211,1297,789,813]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">Belinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF5EFCC0FEA7FCE7" box="[151,326,826,850]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the size of the eyes (strongly protruding in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FCF7FCC0FC77FCE7" box="[830,918,826,850]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">Belinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rarely so in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FBE0FCC0FB39FCE7" box="[1065,1240,826,850]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the shape of the antennal clubs (elongate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE15FC9AFDD5FCCD" box="[476,564,864,888]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">Belinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FD77FC9AFC8CFCCD" box="[702,877,864,888]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the fit of the prothorax to the elytra (close in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF5EFC7FFF0EFC28" box="[151,239,901,925]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">Belinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, loose in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE95FC7FFDEBFC28" box="[348,522,901,925]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the insertion of the rostrum on the head (usually medially in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FB06FC7FFAC6FC28" box="[1231,1319,901,925]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">Belinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, generally more ventrally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FEBCFC50FDC2FC77" box="[373,547,938,962]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the shape of the fore femora (short but broadly and evenly inflated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF5EFC2AFEA5FC5D" box="[151,324,976,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, elongate and narrower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FDBAFC2AFD2BFC5D" box="[627,714,976,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">Belinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the general body shape (elongate and compact in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FAF6FC2AFA76FC5D" box="[1343,1431,976,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">Belinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shorter and looser in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE46FC0FFDDFFBB8" box="[399,574,1013,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). On all of these features
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FCA5FC0FFC17FBB8" box="[876,1014,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Talbragarus</emphasis>
|
||
fits in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FB84FC0FFB16FBB8" box="[1101,1271,1013,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF5EFBE0FF0EFB87" box="[151,239,1050,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belinae">Belinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we therefore assign it to this family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30BBD8D1D4EFFE6FF0EFBBAFC2DF807" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAEEE061D4EFFE6FF0EFBBAFC2DF807" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FED5FBBAFE29FBED" ID-CoL="8HBR3" box="[284,456,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, three extant subfamilies and one extinct are recognised (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FB9BFBBAFB13FBED" author="Kuschel" box="[1106,1266,1088,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Kuschel, G. (1995) A phylogenetic classification of Curculionoidea to families and subfamilies. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 14, 5 - 33." type="journal article" year="1995">Kuschel 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FB36FBBAFF14FBC8" author="Oberprieler" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Oberprieler, R. G., Marvaldi, A. E., & Anderson, R. S. (2007) Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere. Zootaxa, 1668, 491 - 520." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Oberprieler
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FA41FBBBFF4CFBC8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FF36FB9FFDFCFBC8" author="Kuschel" box="[255,541,1125,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Kuschel, G. & Leschen, R. (2011): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 673 - 615." type="book chapter" year="2011">Kuschel & Leschen 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The extant subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FCEBFB9FFC5BFBC8" box="[802,954,1125,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cimberidinae">Cimberidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the other three by having nonstriate elytra, but these others are difficult to recognise in inadequately preserved fossils as the differences between them concern, among other more obscure characters, the presence of mesonotal stridulatory files and appendiculate claws (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF2EFB2FFE4FFB58" box="[231,430,1237,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhinorhynchinae">Rhinorhynchinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bifid claws (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FD86FB2FFD1DFB58" box="[591,764,1237,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nemonychinae">Nemonychinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and simple claws (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FC29FB2FFBB2FB58" box="[992,1107,1237,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eobelinae">Eobelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FBA2FB2FFA70FB58" author="Kuschel" box="[1131,1425,1237,1261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Kuschel, G. & Leschen, R. (2011): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 673 - 615." type="book chapter" year="2011">Kuschel & Leschen 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F306AE961D4EFFE6FF5EFB01FF57FAA6" box="[151,182,1275,1299]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
neither the mesonotum nor any claws are preserved in the two specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FBEAFB01FB4DFAA6" box="[1059,1196,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Talbragarus</emphasis>
|
||
, the genus cannot be unequivocally assigned to any subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FD10FADAFC67FA8D" ID-CoL="8HBR3" box="[729,902,1312,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only one occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F306AE961D4EFFE6FAC7FADAFA94FA8D" box="[1294,1397,1312,1336]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF5EFABFFEBAFAE8" box="[151,347,1349,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhinorhynchinae">Rhinorhynchinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE01FABFFD90FAE8" box="[456,625,1349,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nemonychinae">Nemonychinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also the extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FC91FABFFC29FAE8" box="[856,968,1349,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eobelinae">Eobelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are to date only known from the northern hemisphere. In its short head and small, anterior eyes
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FD3BFA91FC9AFA36" box="[754,891,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Talbragarus</emphasis>
|
||
resembles the Australian rhinorhynchine genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FF5EFA6AFEFBFA1D" box="[151,282,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Basiliogeus</emphasis>
|
||
Kuschel and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE75FA6AFD59FA1D" authority="Kuschel" authorityName="Kuschel" box="[444,696,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" genus="Basiliorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FE75FA6AFDB3FA1D" box="[444,594,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Basiliorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
Kuschel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FCB9FA6AFBDEFA1D" author="Zimmerman" box="[880,1087,1424,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1991) Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Volume V - Colour Plates 1 - 304. CSIRO, Australia, 633 pp." type="book chapter" year="1991">Zimmerman 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FB84FA6AFA93FA1D" author="Kuschel" box="[1101,1394,1424,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Kuschel, G. & Leschen, R. (2011): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 673 - 615." type="book chapter" year="2011">Kuschel & Leschen 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as well as the fossil described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE22FA4CFC02FA78" authority="Zherikhin & Gratshev" authorityName="Zherikhin & Gratshev" box="[491,995,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" genus="Cratomacer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immersus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FE22FA4CFD05FA7B" box="[491,740,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Cratomacer immersus</emphasis>
|
||
Zherikhin & Gratshev
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Lower Cretaceous of Santana in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F306AE961D4EFFE6FF7AFA20FF16FA47" box="[179,247,1498,1522]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see figure in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FE53FA20FD35FA47" author="Zherikhin" box="[410,724,1498,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Zherikhin, V. V. & Gratshev, V. G. (2004) Fossil curculionoid beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil. Paleontological Journal, 38 (5), 58 - 68." type="journal article" year="2004">Zherikhin & Gratshev 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is also placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FC27FA20FB4EFA47" box="[1006,1199,1498,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhinorhynchinae">Rhinorhynchinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FB74FA20FF32F9AD" author="Kuschel" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Kuschel, G. & Leschen, R. (2011): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 673 - 615." type="book chapter" year="2011">Kuschel & Leschen 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Slight corrugations of the femoral surface as visible in the fossil under low-angle incident light are also evident in a number of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE3AF9DFFD55F988" box="[499,692,1573,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhinorhynchinae">Rhinorhynchinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
under similar lighting conditions. In its apparently enlarged fore femora, however,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FEAEF9B1FE11F9D6" box="[359,496,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Talbragarus</emphasis>
|
||
is also similar to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FD3BF9B0FC83F9D7" box="[754,866,1610,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eobelinae">Eobelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from the Upper Jurassic of Karatau as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF5EF98AFE0BF93D" authority="Arnoldi" authorityName="Arnoldi" box="[151,490,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" genus="Ampliceps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentitibia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FF5EF98AFE62F93D" box="[151,387,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Ampliceps dentitibia</emphasis>
|
||
Arnoldi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE32F98AFCABF93D" authority="Arnoldi" authorityName="Arnoldi" box="[507,842,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" genus="Ampliceps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcitibia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FE32F98AFD02F93D" box="[507,739,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Ampliceps furcitibia</emphasis>
|
||
Arnoldi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FC92F98AFAD1F93C" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" box="[859,1328,1648,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" genus="Archaeorrhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FC92F98AFB54F93D" box="[859,1205,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Archaeorrhynchus tenuicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FA8BF98AFDEAF918" authority="Arnoldi, Probelopsis" authorityName="Arnoldi, Probelopsis" class="Insecta" family="Eobelidae" genus="Eobelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FA8BF98AFEF6F91B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Eobelus acutirostris</emphasis>
|
||
Arnoldi,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FE4FF96FFDEAF918" box="[390,523,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Probelopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
acutiapex Arnoldi and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FCD3F96FFB9AF918" authority="Arnoldi" authorityName="Arnoldi" box="[794,1147,1685,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" genus="Scelocamptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FCD3F96FFBFAF91B" box="[794,1051,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Scelocamptus curvipes</emphasis>
|
||
Arnoldi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FAE4F96CFF33F967" author="Martynov" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Martynov, A. V. (1926 [1925]) To the knowledge of fossil insects from Jurassic beds in Turkestan. 5. On some interesting Coleoptera. Ezhegodnik Vsesoiuznoe Paleontologicheskoe Obshchestva (Annals of the Russian Palaeontological Society), 5 (1), 1 - 38. [in Russian, with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1926">Martynov 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FF14F940FE96F967" author="Arnoldi" box="[221,375,1722,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Arnoldi, L. V. (1977) Eobelidae. Pp. 144 - 176 [195 - 241]. In: Arnoldi, L. V., Zherikhin, V. V., Nikitrin, L. M., & Ponomarenko, A. G. (eds.). Mesozoic Coleoptera. Nauka Publishers, Moscow, Russia [English translation, 1991, Oxonian Press, New Delhi, India]." type="book chapter" year="1977">Arnoldi 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this character also occurs conspicuously in the extant Australian
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FB44F941FAE8F966" box="[1165,1289,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Zimmiellus</emphasis>
|
||
Kuschel and New-Caledonian
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FEAAF91AFE37F94D" box="[355,470,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Idiomacer</emphasis>
|
||
Kuschel (see figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FCC4F91AFBA5F94D" author="Kuschel" box="[781,1092,1760,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Kuschel, G. & Leschen, R. (2011): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 673 - 615." type="book chapter" year="2011">Kuschel & Leschen 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), thus does not facilitate an assignment of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96532141D4EFFE6FEF5F8FFFE24F8A8" box="[316,453,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="260">Talbragarus</emphasis>
|
||
to either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FDFBF8FFFD12F8A8" box="[562,755,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhinorhynchinae">Rhinorhynchinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FCD3F8FFFC6CF8A8" box="[794,909,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eobelinae">Eobelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is furthermore uncertain whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FAE5F8FFFA7DF8A8" box="[1324,1436,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eobelinae">Eobelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FF01F8D0FE68F8F7" box="[200,393,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhinorhynchinae">Rhinorhynchinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were differentiated in the late Jurassic or are even properly distinct from each other, given that the condition of the tarsal claws is not clear or known in many eobeline fossils (and a variable character in weevils in any case) and that the presence or absence of mesonotal files is not established in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FB70F88FFAC8F838" box="[1209,1321,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eobelinae">Eobelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and these files are absent in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1195851D4EFFE6FE6CF860FD87F807" box="[421,614,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Nemonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhinorhynchinae">Rhinorhynchinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8093F71D4EFFE6FD69F860FC21F807" author="Kuschel" box="[672,960,1946,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="260" refString="Kuschel, G. & Leschen, R. (2011): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 673 - 615." type="book chapter" year="2011">Kuschel & Leschen 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |