treatments-xml/data/03/B5/62/03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6.xml

<document id="8B0AA95B66D719F7954609445A3FAE94" ID-CLB-Dataset="5404" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00167.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b2437dc-af23-4f18-a2de-8604d0626989" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4634644" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616618531341" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Pola, M., Cervera, J. L &amp; Gosliner, T. M." docDate="2005" docId="03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.144.167-189.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 144 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00167.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Roboastra gracilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="FF8C1A54FF931205FFA4855EFFD2FFBC" masterDocTitle="Review of the systematics of the genus Roboastra Bergh, 1877 (Nudibranchia, Polyceridae, Nembrothinae) with the description of a new species from the Galápagos Islands" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="168" updateTime="1698934781332" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DBF43CAFB74FFCA13ACB7C8DCA317BB0">Review of the systematics of the genus Roboastra Bergh, 1877 (Nudibranchia, Polyceridae, Nembrothinae) with the description of a new species from the Galápagos Islands</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5113670" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183630592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5113670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
<subSubSection id="C30680B1FF921204FC3E8145FA90FB8E" box="[922,1346,1050,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF921204FC3E8145FA90FB8E" blockId="1.[854,1413,954,1106]" box="[922,1346,1050,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
<heading id="D0EB6456FF921204FC3E8145FA90FB8E" box="[922,1346,1050,1074]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF921204FC3E8145FA90FB8E" ID-CoL="4T879" authority="(BERGH, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[922,1346,1050,1074]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF921204FC3E8145FB43FB8D" box="[922,1169,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">ROBOASTRA GRACILIS</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF921204FB068144FAE8FB8E" author="Bergh LSR" box="[1186,1338,1050,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" pagination="429 - 494" refId="ref14207" refString="Bergh LSR. 1877. Malacologische Untersuchungen. In: Semper C, ed. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil, Wissenschaftliche Resultate 2 (11): 429 - 494." type="journal article" year="1877">BERGH, 1877</bibRefCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="C30680B1FF921204FBA68164FB08FBEE" box="[1026,1242,1082,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF921204FBA68164FB08FBEE" blockId="1.[854,1413,954,1106]" box="[1026,1242,1082,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
(
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF921204FBAE8164FB87FBEE" box="[1034,1109,1082,1106]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[217,1346,197,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-235@2.[212,1351,191,1376]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Roboastra gracilis: living specimens from: A, Fiji (photo K. Tucker); B, Cebu, Philippines (photo M. Miller); C, Sulawesi, Indonesia (photo L. Warren); and D, Hawaii (photo P. Fiene)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634646/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">FIGS 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF921204FBC08164FBA6FBEE" box="[1124,1140,1082,1106]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[162,240,1046,1065]" captionTargetBox="[227,1374,196,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-481@3.[227,1376,196,1014]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Radular morphology of Roboastra gracilis. Scanning electron micrographs. A, left half of the radula (WAMS23233). B, left half of the radula (CASIZ 083858). C, inner lateral teeth (CASIZ 083858). Scale bars = 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634648/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF921204FB268164FB76FBEE" box="[1154,1188,1082,1106]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[142,220,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[302,1236,194,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-175@4.[299,1259,188,1580]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Drawings of reproductive systems of Roboastra spp. A, R. gracilis. B, R. luteolineata. C, R. tigris. D, R. europaea (adapted from Pola et al., 2003). E, R. caboverdensis. F, R. leonis sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fglm, female gland mass; ga, genital atrium; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis, ud, uterine duct; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vgl, vaginal gland." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634651/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF921204FB168164FB01FBEE" box="[1202,1235,1082,1106]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[142,220,196,215]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[289,1316,198,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Penial morphology of Roboastra spp. A, R. gracilis (CASIZ 087131), scale bar = 30 Mm; B, R. luteolineata (CASIZ 115739), scale bar = 30 Mm. C, R. tigris (NHMLAC 140747), scale bar = 300 Mm. D, R. europaea (MNCN 15.05/46613), scale bar = 50 Mm. E, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 90 Mm. F, R. leonis sp. nov. (CASIZ 097577), scale bar = 300 Mm. G-I, detail of the three different kinds of spines in R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 10 Mm. J, T. morosa (CASIZ 142786; 35 mm preserved), scale bar = 20 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5113662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5113662/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">4A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30680B1FF921204FC9E8135FB87FB60" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0CF414FF921204FC9E8135FC8EFB23" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABDF52BFF921204FC9E8135FB39FB3D" author="Bergh LSR" box="[826,1259,1131,1153]" page="458" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" year="1877">
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF921204FC9E8135FB39FB3D" ID-CoL="467DC" authority="Bergh, 1877: 458" authorityName="Bergh" authorityPageNumber="458" authorityYear="1877" box="[826,1259,1131,1153]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Nembrotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF921204FC9E8135FBCBFB3C" box="[826,1049,1131,1152]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Nembrotha gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF921204FB878135FB39FB3D" author="Bergh LSR" box="[1059,1259,1131,1153]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" pagination="429 - 494" refId="ref14207" refString="Bergh LSR. 1877. Malacologische Untersuchungen. In: Semper C, ed. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil, Wissenschaftliche Resultate 2 (11): 429 - 494." type="journal article" year="1877">Bergh, 1877: 458</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 56, figs 11- 17.
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<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF921204FCF781F6FB87FB60" blockId="1.[826,1442,1130,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0CF414FF921204FCF781F6FB87FB60" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABDF52BFF921204FCF781F6FA8AFB01" author="Bergh LSR" box="[851,1368,1192,1214]" page="198" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" year="1905">
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF921204FCF781F6FA8AFB01" ID-CoL="467DV" authority="Bergh, 1905: 198" authorityName="Bergh" authorityPageNumber="198" authorityYear="1905" box="[851,1368,1192,1214]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Nembrotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rubropapulosa">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF921204FCF781F6FB51FB01" box="[851,1155,1192,1213]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Nembrotha rubropapulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF921204FB2B81F6FA8AFB01" author="Bergh LSR" box="[1167,1368,1192,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 248" refId="ref14242" refString="Bergh LSR. 1905. Die Opisthobranchita der Siboga- Expedition. Siboga Expedition Monographs 50: 1 - 248." type="journal article" year="1905">Bergh, 1905: 198</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 5, fig. 14, pl. 18, figs 19-22.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9680F28FF921204FC9E81ABFBCAFAB6" box="[826,1048,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF921204FB8181ABFC4AFA7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216331" collectingDate="1982-02" collectingDateMax="1996-04" collectingDateMin="1982-02" collectionCode="T, CASIZ" collectorName="M. Gosliner &amp; S. Johnson" country="Philippines" county="Pacific Ocean" elevation="11" location="Island" municipality="Enewetak North" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Cebu">
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF921204FB8181ABFBB2FAB7" box="[1061,1120,1269,1291]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Cebu</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FBCC81ABFB61FAB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FBCC81ABFB61FAB7" box="[1128,1203,1269,1291]" country="Philippines" county="Pacific Ocean" municipality="Enewetak North" name="Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Cebu">Island</location>
: 
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FB1A81ABFA82FAB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FB1A81ABFA82FAB7" box="[1214,1360,1269,1291]" country="Philippines" county="Pacific Ocean" municipality="Enewetak North" name="White Beach" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Cebu">White Beach</location>
(
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FAC481ABFC7EFA95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FAC481ABFC7EFA95" country="Philippines" county="Pacific Ocean" municipality="Enewetak North" name="Moalboal area" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Cebu">Moalboal area</location>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF921204FC62804AFB9BFA96" box="[966,1097,1300,1322]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF921204FBFE804AFB09FA95" box="[1114,1243,1299,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1996-04">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF921204FBFE804AFB09FA95" box="[1114,1243,1299,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1996-04">April 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
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, 
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<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF921204FA23804AFCA0FAF4" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="0.0">0– 21 m</quantity>
depth
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, collected by 
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FB2E806DFB49FAF4" box="[1162,1179,1331,1352]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FB3B806DFAE0FAF4" box="[1183,1330,1330,1352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">M. Gosliner</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FAEA806CFA4DFAFB" box="[1358,1439,1330,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 106591). 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF921204FC03800FFBA0FADB" box="[935,1138,1361,1383]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC74940FF921204FB26800FFA95FADB" box="[1154,1351,1361,1383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Enewetak North</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62C2ABB6FF921204FAFC800FFC51FA39" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF921204FC31802EFB96FA39" box="[917,1092,1392,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1982-02">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF921204FC31802EFB96FA39" box="[917,1092,1392,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1982-02">February 1982</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
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, 
<elevation id="00313409FF921204FB4A802EFABBFA3A" box="[1262,1385,1392,1414]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="1.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF921204FB4A802EFACBFA39" box="[1262,1305,1392,1413]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FC1B80D0FB94FA18" box="[959,1094,1422,1444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">S. Johnson</collectorName>
under dead coral (
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FAE980D0FA4CFA1F" box="[1357,1438,1422,1443]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 120670)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF921204FC1580F3FAE7F9BC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216319" collectingDate="1996-09" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Clay Carlson &amp; North" country="Palau" location="Municipality" municipality="Ngederrak Lagoon" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Koror">
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF921204FC1580F3FC21FA7E" box="[945,1011,1453,1474]" country="Palau" name="Koror" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Koror</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FBAD80F3FB4CFA7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FBAD80F3FB4CFA7F" box="[1033,1182,1453,1475]" country="Palau" municipality="Ngederrak Lagoon" name="Municipality" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Koror">Municipality</location>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC74940FF921204FB1380F3FA4FFA7E" box="[1207,1437,1453,1475]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Ngederrak Lagoon</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF921204FC9E8092FCACFA5E" box="[826,894,1484,1506]" name="Palau" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Palau</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF921204FC2C8092FB91FA5D" box="[904,1091,1483,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1996-09">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF921204FC2C8092FB91FA5D" box="[904,1091,1483,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1996-09">September 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF921204FBEA8092FB0BFA5E" box="[1102,1241,1484,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FAC98092FC41F9BC" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Clay Carlson</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FC0080B4FC26FA43" box="[932,1012,1514,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 109707). 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FBCE80B4FB7CF9BC" box="[1130,1198,1514,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">North</collectorName>
coast, near
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF921204FA9A80B4FB0DF9E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216310" collectingDate="1990-11" collectionCode="T, CASIZ" collectorName="M. Gosliner &amp; North" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="6" location="Barracuda Point" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Madang">
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF921204FA9A80B4FA4CF9BC" box="[1342,1438,1514,1536]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Madang</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FC9E8357FC2AF9A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FC9E8357FC2AF9A3" box="[826,1016,1545,1567]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Barracuda Point" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Madang">Barracuda Point</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF921204FBA68357FB0DF9A3" box="[1026,1247,1545,1567]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF921204FB4D8357FA4FF9A2" box="[1257,1437,1545,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1990-11">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF921204FB4D8357FA4FF9A2" box="[1257,1437,1545,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1990-11">November 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF921204FC9E8376FC1EF982" box="[826,972,1576,1598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, 
<elevation id="00313409FF921204FC7A8379FB8BF982" box="[990,1113,1575,1598]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="6.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF921204FC7A8379FBDAF981" box="[990,1032,1575,1597]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by 
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FAA68376FAC1F981" box="[1282,1299,1576,1597]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FAB38376FA70F982" box="[1303,1442,1576,1598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">M. Gosliner</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FCE58318FC43F9E7" box="[833,913,1606,1627]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 075839). 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FBAA8318FB80F9E0" box="[1038,1106,1606,1628]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">North</collectorName>
coast, near
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF921204FB4F8318FAE4F904" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216333" collectingDate="1991-11" collectionCode="T, CASIZ" collectorName="M. Gosliner &amp; North" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Christiansen Research Institute's Clam Tanks" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madang">
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF921204FB4F8318FA98F9E0" box="[1259,1354,1606,1628]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Madang</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FAFF8318FAC3F9C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FAFF8318FAC3F9C7" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Christiansen Research Institute's Clam Tanks" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Madang">Christiansen Research Institute’s Clam Tanks</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF921204FABA833BFC5DF926" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF921204FC3E83DAFB9DF925" box="[922,1103,1668,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1991-11">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF921204FC3E83DAFB9DF925" box="[922,1103,1668,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1991-11">November 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF921204FBFE83DAFB09F926" box="[1114,1243,1668,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
. collected by 
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FAD483DAFA50F925" box="[1392,1410,1668,1689]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FA2183DAFC49F904" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">M. Gosliner</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FC0E83FCFC28F90B" box="[938,1018,1698,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 086900). 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FBCA83FCFB60F904" box="[1134,1202,1698,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">North</collectorName>
coast, near
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF921204FA9A83FCFAF4F8A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216323" collectingDate="1992-06" collectionCode="T, CASIZ" collectorName="M. Gosliner &amp; Luzon" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Pig Island" municipality="Rasch Pass" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madang">
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF921204FA9A83FCFA4CF904" box="[1342,1438,1698,1720]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Madang</collectingRegion>
, outer barrier reef between 
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FBC9839FFB33F96B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FBC9839FFB33F96B" box="[1133,1249,1729,1751]" country="Papua New Guinea" municipality="Rasch Pass" name="Pig Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Madang">Pig Island</location>
and 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC74940FF921204FABE839FFA4FF96A" box="[1306,1437,1729,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Rasch Pass</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF921204FC9E83BEFBCFF94A" box="[826,1053,1760,1782]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF921204FB8E83BEFB71F949" box="[1066,1187,1760,1781]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1992-06">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF921204FB8E83BEFB71F949" box="[1066,1187,1760,1781]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1992-06">June 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF921204FB1483BEFAE0F94A" box="[1200,1330,1760,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, collected by 
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FCC483A1FCA3F8A8" box="[864,881,1791,1812]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FCD183A1FC2CF8A8" box="[885,1022,1790,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">M. Gosliner</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FBB583A0FBB3F8AF" box="[1041,1121,1790,1811]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 086496). 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FB7983A1FAF4F8A8" box="[1245,1318,1791,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Luzon</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF921204FA9183A1FAFEF8EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216324" accessionNumber="S23267" collectingDate="1980-06" collectingDateMax="1994-07" collectingDateMin="1980-06" collectionCode="CASIZ, R, WAM" collectorName="M. Miller " country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" elevation="6" location="Maricaban Island" municipality="Reef" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Batangas">
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF921204FA9183A1FC4DF88F" country="Philippines" name="Batangas" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Batangas Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FC088243FBA9F88F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FC088243FBA9F88F" box="[940,1147,1821,1843]" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Maricaban Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Batangas">Maricaban Island</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF921204FB2D8243FADEF88F" box="[1161,1292,1821,1843]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF921204FABE8243FA4CF88F" box="[1306,1438,1821,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF921204FC7D8262FB9CF8EE" box="[985,1102,1852,1874]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">M. Miller</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF921204FBC38262FB65F8ED" box="[1127,1207,1852,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 103732).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF921207FA998262FD9FF982" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216322" accessionNumber="S23267" collectingDate="1980-06" collectingDateMax="1994-07" collectingDateMin="1980-06" collectionCode="CASIZ, R, WAM" collectorName="P. Fiene " country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" elevation="6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="169" location="Maricaban Island" municipality="Reef" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Batangas">
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FA998262FC56F8CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FA998262FC56F8CC" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Molokini Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Batangas">Molokini Island</location>
, 
<location id="8EC385E1FF921204FC2B8204FC31F8CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF921204FC2B8204FC31F8CC" box="[911,995,1882,1904]" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Hawaii" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Batangas">Hawaii</location>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF921204FC498204FBB4F8D3" box="[1005,1126,1882,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1990-04">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF921204FC498204FBB4F8D3" box="[1005,1126,1882,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" value="1990-04">April 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF921204FBD58204FB23F8CC" box="[1137,1265,1882,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, 
<elevation id="00313409FF921204FB588204FAA2F8CC" box="[1276,1392,1882,1904]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="6.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF921204FB588204FAF4F8CC" box="[1276,1318,1882,1904]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF911207FF5F8357FE85F9A3" box="[251,343,1545,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">P. Fiene</collectorName>
under rubble. 
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FDA58357FDA2F9A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FDA58357FDA2F9A3" box="[513,624,1545,1567]" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Identified" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Batangas">Identified</location>
as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF911207FD3F8357FF62F981" authority="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner, 2005" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Roboastra</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25BB253FF911207FF138376FF26F981" box="[183,244,1576,1597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, aff. gracilis’ (
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF911207FE368376FE30F981" box="[402,482,1576,1597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 087131).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF911207FDF08376FDEFF925" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216316" accessionNumber="S23267" collectingDate="1980-06" collectingDateMax="1994-07" collectingDateMin="1980-06" collectionCode="CASIZ, R, WAM" collectorName="P. Fiene" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" elevation="6" location="Maricaban Island" municipality="Reef" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Batangas">
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FDF08376FD40F982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FDF08376FD40F982" box="[596,658,1576,1598]" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Maui" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Batangas">Maui</location>
, 
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FD398376FD20F982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FD398376FD20F982" box="[669,754,1576,1598]" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Hawaii" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Batangas">Hawaii</location>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF911207FF2A8318FEDFF9E7" box="[142,269,1606,1628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1990-04">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF911207FF2A8318FEDFF9E7" box="[142,269,1606,1628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1990-04">April 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF911207FEBA8318FE71F9E0" box="[286,419,1606,1628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, 
<elevation id="00313409FF911207FE108318FDE9F9E0" box="[436,571,1606,1628]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="10.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF911207FE108318FE3EF9E0" box="[436,492,1606,1628]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF911207FD458319FE9BF9C7" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">P. Fiene. Identified</collectorName>
as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF911207FED7833BFE35F9C6" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[371,487,1637,1658]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF911207FED7833BFE35F9C6" box="[371,487,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Roboastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. like the one in 
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FD18833BFF2FF926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FD18833BFF2FF926" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Scott Johnson's" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Batangas">Scott Johnson’s</location>
book’ (
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF911207FED483DAFE12F925" box="[368,448,1668,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 088547).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF911207FDF183DAFD24F949" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216313" accessionNumber="S23267" collectingDate="1980-06" collectingDateMax="1994-07" collectingDateMin="1980-06" collectionCode="CASIZ, R, WAM" collectorName=" S. Johnson " country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" elevation="6" location="Maricaban Island" municipality="Reef" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Batangas">
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FDF183DAFD27F926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FDF183DAFD27F926" box="[597,757,1668,1690]" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Oahu Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Batangas">Oahu Island</location>
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF911207FF2A83FDFF71F904" box="[142,163,1699,1720]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">R</collectionCode>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF911207FF0A83FCFEF0F90B" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1877" box="[174,290,1698,1720]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Nembrotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
cf. 
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF911207FF6983FCFEF0F90B" box="[205,290,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FEFB83FCFE60F904" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FEFB83FCFE60F904" box="[351,434,1698,1720]" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Makua" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Batangas">Makua</location>
, 
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FE1A83FCFDC0F904" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FE1A83FCFDC0F904" box="[446,530,1698,1720]" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Hawaii" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Batangas">Hawaii</location>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF911207FDBB83FDFD4BF90B" box="[543,665,1698,1720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1980-06">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF911207FDBB83FDFD4BF90B" box="[543,665,1698,1720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1980-06">June 1980</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF911207FD0283FCFF1BF96B" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, 
<elevation id="00313409FF911207FF73839FFE9DF96B" box="[215,335,1729,1751]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="5.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF911207FF73839FFED0F96A" box="[215,258,1729,1751]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF911207FE4A839FFDB9F96B" box="[494,619,1729,1751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">S. Johnson</collectorName>
and identified as ‘-light background’ (
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF911207FD8683BEFDA0F949" box="[546,626,1760,1781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 116819).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF911207FF2A83A0FE5CF8ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216335" accessionNumber="S23267" collectingDate="1980-06" collectingDateMax="1994-07" collectingDateMin="1980-06" collectionCode="CASIZ, R, WAM" collectorName="C. W. Bryce" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" elevation="6" location="Maricaban Island" municipality="Reef" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Batangas">
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FF2A83A0FED7F8A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FF2A83A0FED7F8A8" box="[142,261,1790,1812]" country="Philippines" county="Western Australia" municipality="Reef" name="Kimberley" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Batangas">Kimberley</location>
, Ashmore 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC74940FF911207FE2983A0FE13F8A8" box="[397,449,1790,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Reef</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62C2ABB6FF911207FE7183A1FD62F8A8" box="[469,688,1790,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Western Australia</collectingCounty>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF911207FD6183A0FF15F88E" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1994-07">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF911207FD6183A0FF15F88E" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1994-07">July 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF911207FF7D8243FEB2F88F" box="[217,352,1821,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, 
<elevation id="00313409FF911207FED68243FDC5F88F" box="[370,535,1821,1843]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF911207FED68243FE14F88E" box="[370,454,1821,1843]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF911207FD668243FF1DF8ED" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">C.W. Bryce</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF911207FF7B8262FEF6F8ED" box="[223,292,1852,1873]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
: 
<accessionNumber id="944F4ED9FF911207FE8B8265FE54F8ED" box="[303,390,1851,1873]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S23267" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="EnaNcbi">S23267</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF911207FE3E8262FAF6F9A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216315" accessionNumber="S23236" collectingDate="1988-09" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="C. W. Bryce &amp; F. E. Wells" country="Cartier Island" location="North" municipality="Western Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FE3E8262FE0CF8EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FE3E8262FE0CF8EE" box="[410,478,1852,1874]" country="Cartier Island" municipality="Western Australia" name="North" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">North</location>
of 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FDA78262FD78F8EE" box="[515,682,1852,1874]" name="Cartier Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Cartier Island</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC74940FF911207FD118262FEF9F8CC" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Western Australia</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF911207FE9C8204FE27F8D3" box="[312,501,1882,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1988-09">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF911207FE9C8204FE27F8D3" box="[312,501,1882,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1988-09">September 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF911207FDA78204FD54F8CC" box="[515,646,1882,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF911207FCEE8357FC1AF9A2" box="[842,968,1545,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">C.W. Bryce</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF911207FC548357FBB1F9A3" box="[1008,1123,1545,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">F.E. Wells</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF911207FBD78357FB6AF9A2" box="[1139,1208,1545,1566]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
: 
<accessionNumber id="944F4ED9FF911207FB618357FACEF9A3" box="[1221,1308,1545,1567]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S23236" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="EnaNcbi">S23236</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF911207FA958357FBB6F9C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216320" accessionNumber="S23233" collectingDate="1981-12" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="S. M. Slack-Smith &amp; C. M. Bryce" country="Cartier Island" county="Western Australia" location="Off Fremantle" municipality="Hall Bank" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EC385E1FF911207FA958357FCAAF982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF921202FC3E8145FD32F9D6:8EC385E1FF911207FA958357FCAAF982" country="Cartier Island" county="Western Australia" municipality="Hall Bank" name="Off Fremantle" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Off Fremantle</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC74940FF911207FC2A8376FBC3F982" box="[910,1041,1576,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Hall Bank</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62C2ABB6FF911207FB838376FAD7F982" box="[1063,1285,1576,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Western Australia</collectingCounty>
, 
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF911207FAB88376FC8DF9E7" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1981-12">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF911207FAB88376FC8DF9E7" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="1981-12">December 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF911207FCD48318FC25F9E0" box="[880,1015,1606,1628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF911207FB3B8318FABFF9E0" box="[1183,1389,1606,1628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">S.M. Slack-Smith</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF911207FC82833BFC76F9C6" box="[806,932,1637,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">C.M. Bryce</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF911207FC10833BFC2BF9C6" box="[948,1017,1637,1658]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
: 
<accessionNumber id="944F4ED9FF911207FBA0833BFB8EF9C7" box="[1028,1116,1637,1659]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S23233" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="EnaNcbi">S23233</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6383B2FF911207FF2A80DFFCAFFA0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634646" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4634646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634646/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" startId="2.[142,220,1409,1428]" targetBox="[217,1346,197,1371]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF911207FF2A80DFFCAFFA0D" blockId="2.[142,1422,1409,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF911207FF2A80DFFF24FA28" bold="true" box="[142,246,1409,1428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF911207FEA680DFFE13FA28" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[258,449,1409,1428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF911207FEA680DFFE13FA28" box="[258,449,1409,1428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Roboastra gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: living specimens from: A, Fiji (photo K. Tucker); B, Cebu, Philippines (photo M. Miller); C, Sulawesi, Indonesia (photo L. Warren); and D, Hawaii (photo P. Fiene).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF911206FC8283FCFCD1FB02" blockId="2.[806,1422,1698,1904]" lastBlockId="3.[162,778,1161,1214]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF911207FC8283FCFC6AF90B" box="[806,952,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Distribution:</emphasis>
Tropical Indo-Pacific: 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FB6583FCFA87F904" box="[1217,1365,1698,1720]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Red Sea (
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FCD0839FFBF1F96B" box="[884,1059,1729,1751]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FBE8839FFB65F96B" box="[1100,1207,1729,1751]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FB73839FFA95F96B" box="[1239,1351,1729,1751]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF911207FAC8839FFA5CF96A" box="[1388,1422,1729,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">SE</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF911207FC8283BEFC5DF94A" box="[806,911,1760,1782]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF911207FC3F83BEFC1EF94A" box="[923,972,1760,1782]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Bali</collectingRegion>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FC4583BEFBF7F94A" box="[993,1061,1760,1782]" name="Palau" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Palau</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FB9583BEFB61F94A" box="[1073,1203,1760,1782]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(the 
<typeStatus id="54A76D98FF911207FB5583BEFAF0F949" box="[1265,1314,1760,1781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
locality), 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FC8283A1FBC1F8A8" box="[806,1043,1790,1812]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, Solomon Is., 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FB6683A1FADBF8A8" box="[1218,1289,1791,1812]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FABF83A0FA5BF8A8" box="[1307,1417,1790,1812]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF911207FC828243FC28F88F" box="[806,1018,1821,1843]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF911207FBA28243FB00F88F" box="[1030,1234,1821,1843]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, N. 
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF911207FB5A8243FA5BF88F" box="[1278,1417,1821,1843]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Queensland</collectingRegion>
, Pacific Ocean (Marshall Is.), 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF911207FB348262FB65F8EE" box="[1168,1207,1852,1874]" name="Fiji" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Fiji</collectingCountry>
and many other records (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF911207FC2F8204FBC2F8CC" author="Baba K" box="[907,1040,1882,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref14080" refString="Baba K. 1936. Opisthobranchia of the Ryukyu (Okinawa) Islands. Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Kyushu Imperial University 5 (1): 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1936">Baba, 1936</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF911207FBB98205FB73F8CC" author="Burn R" box="[1053,1185,1882,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="212 - 222" refId="ref14328" refString="Burn R. 1967. Notes on an overlooked nudibranch genus, Roboastra Bergh, 1877, and two allied genera (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Australian Zoology 14: 212 - 222." type="journal article" year="1967">Burn, 1967</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF911206FB0B8204FF09FB23" author="Hamatani I &amp; Baba K" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref15216" refString="Hamatani I, Baba K. 1976. Taxonomical comparison between the nudibranch species Roboastra gracilis and R. luteolineata from Yoron Islands of the Amami Islands, Southern Japan. Venus 35 (3): 135 - 137." type="journal article" year="1976">Hamatani &amp; Baba, 1976</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF901206FF4F81D4FEA0FB23" author="Baba K" box="[235,370,1162,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" pagination="290 - 292" refId="ref14128" refString="Baba K. 1977. Notes on Roboastra gracilis (Bergh, 1877) (Nudibranchia: Doridoidea: Polyceridae) obtained from Seto, Kii, Middle Japan. Veliger 19 (3): 290 - 292." type="journal article" year="1977">Baba, 1977</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF901206FE2681D4FDE0FB23" author="Coleman N" box="[386,562,1162,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refId="ref14555" refString="Coleman N. 1989. Nudibranchs of the South Pacific, 1. Springwood, Qld: Sea Australia Resource Centre." type="book" year="1989">Coleman, 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF901206FDE681D4FDA9FB23" author="Coleman N" box="[578,635,1162,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refId="ref14577" refString="Coleman N. 2001. 1001 nudibranchs. Catalogue of Indo- Pacific sea slugs. Springwood, Qld: Neville Coleman's Underwater Geographic Pty Ltd." type="book" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF901206FD2881D4FCD7FB23" author="Ono A" box="[652,773,1162,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refId="ref15562" refString="Ono A. 1999. Opisthobranchs of Kerama Islands. Tokyo: TBS-Britannica." type="book" year="1999">Ono, 1999</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF901206FF0681F6FF09FB01" author="Ono A" box="[162,219,1192,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refId="ref15576" refString="Ono A. 2004. Opisthobranchs of Ryukyu Islands. Tokyo: Rutles Inc." type="book" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF901206FF4381F6FEADFB01" author="Suzuki K" box="[231,383,1192,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refId="ref15863" refString="Suzuki K. 2000. Opisthobranchs of Izu Peninsula. Tokyo: TSB-Britannica." type="book" year="2000">Suzuki, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF901206FE2F81F6FD9AFB01" author="Takamasa T" box="[395,584,1192,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refId="ref15907" refString="Takamasa T. 2003. Opisthobranchs of Bali and Indonesia. Tokyo: Hankyu Communications." type="book" year="2003">Takamasa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF901206FDF181F6FD25FB02" author="Nakano R" box="[597,759,1192,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refId="ref15515" refString="Nakano R. 2004. Opisthobranchs of Japan Islands. Tokyo: Rutles, Inc." type="book" year="2004">Nakano, 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6383B2FF901206FF068148FAA3FBFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634648" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4634648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634648/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" startId="3.[162,240,1046,1065]" targetBox="[227,1374,196,1012]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF901206FF068148FAA3FBFB" blockId="3.[162,1441,1046,1095]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF901206FF068148FED8FB95" bold="true" box="[162,266,1046,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Radular morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF901206FD8D8148FD23FB95" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[553,753,1046,1065]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF901206FD8D8148FD23FB95" box="[553,753,1046,1065]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Roboastra gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scanning electron micrographs. A, left half of the radula (WAMS23233). B, left half of the radula (CASIZ 083858). C, inner lateral teeth (CASIZ 083858). Scale bars = 30 Mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF901206FF068188FC65FAE4" blockId="3.[162,778,1238,1904]" lastBlockId="3.[826,1442,1162,1368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF901206FF068188FE4BFB57" box="[162,409,1238,1259]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">External morphology:</emphasis>
Small, measuring 
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF901206FDD18188FD3EFB50" box="[629,748,1238,1260]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 mm</quantity>
in length. Body elongate and limaciform with a long and pointed posterior end of the foot. The foot is linear and blue-grey. The ground colour of the body is blueblack with yellow-orange longitudinal lines, which can be continuous or discontinuous (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF901206FDE0802EFD6AFA39" box="[580,696,1392,1414]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[217,1346,197,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-235@2.[212,1351,191,1376]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Roboastra gracilis: living specimens from: A, Fiji (photo K. Tucker); B, Cebu, Philippines (photo M. Miller); C, Sulawesi, Indonesia (photo L. Warren); and D, Hawaii (photo P. Fiene)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
). If the lines are discontinuous they give the appearance of yellow-orange spots. The longitudinal lines or spots are arranged in the following pattern: 2 stripes in the median part of the back between the head and the front of the gills, 
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF901206FEDC8357FE7AF9A3" box="[376,424,1545,1567]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
the lateral parts of the back between the rhinophores and the rear of the gills, 1 around the margin of the mantle and 3–4 on the sides of the body. Usually the yellow lines are narrower than the blue-black background. All these lines consist of a series of glandular pits, which give them a corrugated aspect (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF901206FE2F839FFE0CF96B" box="[395,478,1729,1751]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[217,1346,197,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-235@2.[212,1351,191,1376]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Roboastra gracilis: living specimens from: A, Fiji (photo K. Tucker); B, Cebu, Philippines (photo M. Miller); C, Sulawesi, Indonesia (photo L. Warren); and D, Hawaii (photo P. Fiene)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). The oral tentacles are smooth, very well developed and dorsolaterally grooved. The perfoliate rhinophores are very large, with 15–25 packed lamellae. There are from three to six very large and nonretractile unipinnate gills. The gills form a semicircle surrounding the anal papilla, which is not elevated. These proportionally large rhinophores and gills are a very characteristic feature of this species. The genital pore opens on the right side, slightly closer to the rhinophores than to the gills. The oral tentacles, the rhinophores and the gills can be deep blue, blue-grey or purple depending on the specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF901201FC9E802EFAD8F88D" blockId="3.[826,1442,1392,1904]" lastBlockId="4.[806,1422,1789,1903]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF901206FC9E802EFBE4FA39" box="[826,1078,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Internal morphology:</emphasis>
The anterior digestive tract begins with a long and muscular oral tube that continues into the buccal mass. At the junction of the oral tube and the buccal mass a pair of thick elongated pouches opens into the digestive system. These pouches are arranged similarly in all 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF901206FB528357FAB8F9A2" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[1270,1386,1545,1566]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF901206FB528357FAB8F9A2" box="[1270,1386,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Roboastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF901206FCE68376FC76F982" box="[834,932,1576,1598]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="15.[162,240,780,799]" captionTargetBox="[230,1372,198,748]" captionTargetId="figure-620@15.[230,1372,198,749]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 10. Roboastra leonis sp. nov. (CASIZ 097577). A, scanning electron micrograph of the oral tube, scale bar = 2 mm. The drawing shows the oral tube opened and the presence of a pair of elongate pouches opening into the digestive system. B, detail of the right elongate pouche, scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: ep, elongate pouches; lc, labial cuticle; m, mouth; ot, oral tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634667/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). There are two small, short salivary glands on the buccal bulb, flanking the oesophagus. The buccal mass is shorter in length than the oral tube. The labial cuticle is smooth and very weak. The radular formula of the two 15-mm-long specimens (preserved) is 30 ¥ 3–2.1.1.1.2–3; that of the 4-mm and 6-mm-long specimens (preserved) is 25 ¥ 2.1.1.1.2. The rachidian tooth is rectangular, with a slightly arched upper edge and three denticles. These denticles, while are usually the same size, can be highly asymmetrical (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF901206FA878262FA47F8ED" box="[1315,1429,1852,1874]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[162,240,1046,1065]" captionTargetBox="[227,1374,196,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-481@3.[227,1376,196,1014]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Radular morphology of Roboastra gracilis. Scanning electron micrographs. A, left half of the radula (WAMS23233). B, left half of the radula (CASIZ 083858). C, inner lateral teeth (CASIZ 083858). Scale bars = 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634648/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). The inner lateral tooth has typically a strongly curved ga bifid inner cusp. The upper denticle of this inner cusp is strong and little developed; the outer cusp is slender and well developed (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF971201FED88264FE03F8EC" box="[380,465,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[162,240,1046,1065]" captionTargetBox="[227,1374,196,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-481@3.[227,1376,196,1014]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Radular morphology of Roboastra gracilis. Scanning electron micrographs. A, left half of the radula (WAMS23233). B, left half of the radula (CASIZ 083858). C, inner lateral teeth (CASIZ 083858). Scale bars = 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634648/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). The proximal outer lateral teeth become smaller near the margin. The inner outer lateral teeth are longer and larger than the remaining outer lateral teeth (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF971201FB2C8242FB2FF88D" box="[1160,1277,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[162,240,1046,1065]" captionTargetBox="[227,1374,196,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-481@3.[227,1376,196,1014]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Radular morphology of Roboastra gracilis. Scanning electron micrographs. A, left half of the radula (WAMS23233). B, left half of the radula (CASIZ 083858). C, inner lateral teeth (CASIZ 083858). Scale bars = 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634648/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6383B2FF971201FF2A8313FD37F904" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4634651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634651/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" startId="4.[142,220,1613,1632]" targetBox="[302,1236,194,1580]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF971201FF2A8313FD37F904" blockId="4.[142,1422,1613,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FF2A8313FF24F9DC" bold="true" box="[142,246,1613,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Drawings of reproductive systems of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF971201FD228313FD22F9DC" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[646,752,1613,1632]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FD228313FD22F9DC" box="[646,752,1613,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Roboastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. A, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF971201FCE78310FC7CF9DC" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[835,942,1613,1632]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FCE78310FC7CF9DC" box="[835,942,1613,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. B, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF971201FC728310FBBCF9DC" baseAuthorityName="BABA" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[982,1134,1613,1632]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="luteolineata">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FC728310FBBCF9DC" box="[982,1134,1613,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">R. luteolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF971201FB328310FB3BF9DC" box="[1174,1257,1614,1632]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigris">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FB328310FB3BF9DC" box="[1174,1257,1614,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">R. tigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. D, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF971201FAB78310FA5FF9DC" box="[1299,1421,1614,1632]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="europaea">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FAB78310FA5FF9DC" box="[1299,1421,1614,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">R. europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(adapted from 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF971201FE8E8334FE06F9C1" author="Pola M &amp; Cervera JL &amp; Gosliner TM" box="[298,468,1642,1662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" pagination="381 - 392" refId="ref15631" refString="Pola M, Cervera JL, Gosliner TM. 2003. The genus Roboastra Bergh, 1877 (Nudibranchia, Polyceridae, Nembrothinae) in the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 54 (22): 381 - 392." type="journal article" year="2003">
Pola 
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FEFB8335FE5EF9C1" box="[351,396,1642,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">et al</emphasis>
., 2003
</bibRefCitation>
). E, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF971201FDA08335FD62F9C1" authorityName="Pola, Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2003" box="[516,688,1642,1661]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FDA08335FD62F9C1" box="[516,688,1642,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">R. caboverdensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. F, 
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FD738335FC48F9C1" bold="true" box="[727,922,1642,1662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF971201FD738335FCE9F9C1" authority="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner, 2005" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[727,827,1642,1662]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leonis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FD738335FCE9F9C1" bold="true" box="[727,827,1642,1662]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">R. leonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25BB253FF971201FCE78334FC48F9C1" box="[835,922,1642,1661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Scale bar = 1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF971201FBC18334FB2EF9C1" box="[1125,1276,1642,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Abbreviations:</emphasis>
am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fglm, female gland mass; ga, genital atrium; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis, ud, uterine duct; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vgl, vaginal gland.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF971203FC9B8264FDB1FBA9" blockId="4.[806,1422,1789,1903]" lastBlockId="6.[142,758,410,1045]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
The reproductive system is triaulic (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF971201FB528264FA99F8EC" box="[1270,1355,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[142,220,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[302,1236,194,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-175@4.[299,1259,188,1580]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Drawings of reproductive systems of Roboastra spp. A, R. gracilis. B, R. luteolineata. C, R. tigris. D, R. europaea (adapted from Pola et al., 2003). E, R. caboverdensis. F, R. leonis sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fglm, female gland mass; ga, genital atrium; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis, ud, uterine duct; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vgl, vaginal gland." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634651/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). The genital mass fills the whole of the second quarter of the body cavity. The hermaphroditic duct widens into a large S-shaped ampulla. The ampulla narrows into a long thin postampullary duct that connects with the oviduct and the prostate. The short oviduct enters the massive female gland mass. The deferent duct lacks a morphologically well-differentiated prostate but it has soft glandular walls that skirt around the seminal receptacle. The distal muscular vas deferens is much narrower and shorter than the prostatic part. It terminates in a dilated penial section. The penis is armed with at least three different kinds of hooked, chitinous spines arranged in helicoidal rows (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF951203FD8D87B5FDADFCBD" box="[553,639,747,769]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[142,220,196,215]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[289,1316,198,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Penial morphology of Roboastra spp. A, R. gracilis (CASIZ 087131), scale bar = 30 Mm; B, R. luteolineata (CASIZ 115739), scale bar = 30 Mm. C, R. tigris (NHMLAC 140747), scale bar = 300 Mm. D, R. europaea (MNCN 15.05/46613), scale bar = 50 Mm. E, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 90 Mm. F, R. leonis sp. nov. (CASIZ 097577), scale bar = 300 Mm. G-I, detail of the three different kinds of spines in R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 10 Mm. J, T. morosa (CASIZ 142786; 35 mm preserved), scale bar = 20 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5113662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5113662/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). The vaginal duct is long, normally straight and connects to the large, round bursa copulatrix. The seminal receptacle, smaller and more elongate than the bursa copulatrix, has a short duct that connects to the vagina near the bursa after making two loops. A slender uterine duct leaves the vagina and joins the oviduct. The vagina shares a common aperture within the genital atrium with the vaginal gland, which is very well developed, elongate, flattened, with muscular walls.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6383B2FF951203FF2A859AFC9EFEF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5113662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5113662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5113662/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" startId="6.[142,220,196,215]" targetBox="[289,1314,198,1880]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF951203FF2A859AFC9EFEF1" blockId="6.[142,1422,195,360]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FF2A859AFF24FF6B" bold="true" box="[142,246,196,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Penial morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FE40859AFD9CFF6B" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[484,590,196,215]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FE40859AFD9CFF6B" box="[484,590,196,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Roboastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. A, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FD04859BFCD9FF6B" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[672,779,196,215]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FD04859BFCD9FF6B" box="[672,779,196,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASIZ 087131), scale bar = 30 Mm; B, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FB06859BFAE8FF6B" baseAuthorityName="BABA" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1186,1338,196,215]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="luteolineata">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FB06859BFAE8FF6B" box="[1186,1338,196,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. luteolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASIZ 115739), scale bar = 30 Mm. C, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FE6985BCFDF3FF48" box="[461,545,226,244]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigris">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FE6985BCFDF3FF48" box="[461,545,226,244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. tigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMLAC 140747), scale bar = 300 Mm. D, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FC4985BCFBBAFF48" box="[1005,1128,226,244]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="europaea">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FC4985BCFBBAFF48" box="[1005,1128,226,244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNCN 15.05/46613), scale bar = 50 Mm. E, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FE9F85A1FE3AFEAE" authorityName="Pola, Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2003" box="[315,488,255,274]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FE9F85A1FE3AFEAE" box="[315,488,255,274]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. caboverdensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 90 Mm. F, 
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FC6885A1FB47FEAE" bold="true" box="[972,1173,254,274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FC6885A1FBE3FEAD" authority="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner, 2005" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[972,1073,254,274]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leonis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FC6885A1FBE3FEAD" bold="true" box="[972,1073,254,274]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. leonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25BB253FF951203FB9F85A1FB47FEAE" box="[1083,1173,255,274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(CASIZ 097577), scale bar = 300 Mm. G- I, detail of the three different kinds of spines in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FC908443FC32FE93" authorityName="Pola, Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2003" box="[820,992,284,303]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caboverdensis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FC908443FC32FE93" box="[820,992,284,303]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. caboverdensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 10 Mm. J, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FF028464FEDEFEF0" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[166,268,314,332]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Tambja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morosa">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FF028464FEDEFEF0" box="[166,268,314,332]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">T. morosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASIZ 142786; 35 mm preserved), scale bar = 20 Mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF951203FF2B840BFF71FED4" blockId="6.[142,1422,195,360]" box="[143,163,341,360]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FF2B840BFF71FED4" bold="true" box="[143,163,341,360]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">-</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF951203FF2A8163FEAFFA5D" blockId="6.[142,758,1085,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FF2A8163FF2BFBEE" box="[142,249,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FEA28163FE4DFBEF" author="Bergh LSR" box="[262,415,1085,1107]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="429 - 494" refId="ref14207" refString="Bergh LSR. 1877. Malacologische Untersuchungen. In: Semper C, ed. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil, Wissenschaftliche Resultate 2 (11): 429 - 494." type="journal article" year="1877">Bergh (1877)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FD858163FD27FBEE" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[545,757,1085,1106]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FD858163FD27FBEE" box="[545,757,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Roboastra gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FF1C8105FE47FBCC" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1877" box="[184,405,1115,1136]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Nembrotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FF1C8105FE47FBCC" box="[184,405,1115,1136]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Nembrotha gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) based on specimens collected from the 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF951203FF5A8124FE50FB2C" box="[254,386,1146,1168]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. His 
<typeStatus id="54A76D98FF951203FE678124FDD2FB33" box="[451,512,1146,1167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">types</typeStatus>
were two specimens preserved in alcohol; there are neither notes on, nor sketches of, the living animals. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FDA481E9FD5FFB71" author="Baba K" box="[512,653,1207,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" refId="ref14113" refString="Baba K. 1949. Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten." type="book" year="1949">Baba (1949)</bibRefCitation>
depicted another specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF951203FE3D8188FE32FB57" box="[409,480,1238,1259]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Japan</collectingCountry>
and said that 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FD268189FD24FB57" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1877" box="[642,758,1238,1260]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Nembrotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FD268189FD24FB57" box="[642,758,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">N. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have either two or three marginal plates. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FD1F81ABFF04FA95" author="Burn R" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="212 - 222" refId="ref14328" refString="Burn R. 1967. Notes on an overlooked nudibranch genus, Roboastra Bergh, 1877, and two allied genera (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Australian Zoology 14: 212 - 222." type="journal article" year="1967">Burn (1967)</bibRefCitation>
discovered two new specimens from northern 
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF951203FF2A806CFE84FAF4" box="[142,342,1330,1352]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF951203FEC0806CFE03FAF4" box="[356,465,1330,1352]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and redescribed the species under the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FE35800FFDB7FADA" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[401,613,1361,1382]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FE35800FFDB7FADA" box="[401,613,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Roboastra gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
justified by radular and genital differences. He included a drawing of the living animal made from a colour transparency and drawings of the half row of radula and the reproductive system.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF951203FF0380B4FD34F8A8" blockId="6.[142,758,1085,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FF0380B4FE11F9BC" author="Hamatani I &amp; Baba K" box="[167,451,1514,1536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref15216" refString="Hamatani I, Baba K. 1976. Taxonomical comparison between the nudibranch species Roboastra gracilis and R. luteolineata from Yoron Islands of the Amami Islands, Southern Japan. Venus 35 (3): 135 - 137." type="journal article" year="1976">Hamatani &amp; Baba (1976)</bibRefCitation>
made a taxonomic comparison between 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FE8B8357FE71F9A2" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[303,419,1545,1566]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FE8B8357FE71F9A2" box="[303,419,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FE468357FD5AF9A2" baseAuthorityName="BABA" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[482,648,1545,1566]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="luteolineata">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FE468357FD5AF9A2" box="[482,648,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. luteolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using 
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF951203FD7E8357FED1F981" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
of the former, collected from 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF951203FDEC8376FD43F981" box="[584,657,1576,1597]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Japan</collectingCountry>
. In these notes they included a drawing of one specimen and two drawings of the left half row of the radula. No comment was made about the reproductive system. Later 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FD1F83DDFF04F904" author="Baba K" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="290 - 292" refId="ref14128" refString="Baba K. 1977. Notes on Roboastra gracilis (Bergh, 1877) (Nudibranchia: Doridoidea: Polyceridae) obtained from Seto, Kii, Middle Japan. Veliger 19 (3): 290 - 292." type="journal article" year="1977">Baba (1977)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FEF883FDFE03F90B" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[348,465,1698,1720]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FEF883FDFE03F90B" box="[348,465,1698,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as being collected from Seto, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF951203FF74839FFECAF96A" box="[208,280,1729,1750]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Japan</collectingCountry>
. He described in further detail both the colour and radula of this small animal; however, again there was no description of the reproductive system.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF951203FF038243FBDBFCE1" blockId="6.[142,758,1085,1904]" lastBlockId="6.[806,1422,410,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
Although Burn’s and Baba’s descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FF2A8262FED0F8EC" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[142,258,1851,1873]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FF2A8262FED0F8EC" box="[142,258,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not very detailed, they are consistent with our specimens. This species has very characteristic features: extremely long rhinophores and gills (the latter simply pinnate), which are unique within the genus, while the body surface is covered with glandular pits. In recent years, many pictures have appeared in different field books and web pages devoted to sea slugs and marine invertebrates. It has been reported that when the animals are disturbed, the yellow-orange spots along the body open, releasing an acidic yellow fluid (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF951203FB8287D1FBAAFD1A" box="[1062,1144,655,678]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[217,1346,197,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-235@2.[212,1351,191,1376]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Roboastra gracilis: living specimens from: A, Fiji (photo K. Tucker); B, Cebu, Philippines (photo M. Miller); C, Sulawesi, Indonesia (photo L. Warren); and D, Hawaii (photo P. Fiene)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Once the chemical has been released, they close the spots again. Presumably, this is a defence mechanism but it appears to be quite noxious to other sea slugs (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FB2487B2FAF4FCBE" author="Warren L" box="[1152,1318,748,770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" refId="ref16103" refString="Warren L. 2000. Roboastra gracilis from SE Sulawesi. Message dated July 18 in Sea Slug Forum. http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find. cfm? id = 2722" type="journal volume" year="2000">Warren, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). At the moment there are no feeding records for this species. However, as a typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FB8E8677FB4CFC82" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[1066,1182,809,830]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FB8E8677FB4CFC82" box="[1066,1182,809,830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Roboastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it most likely feeds on other polycerids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF951203FC9B8639FAE6FA96" blockId="6.[806,1422,410,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
In our studies we found specimens in 
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF951203FAA28638FA81FCC7" box="[1286,1363,870,891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">CASIZ</collectionCode>
that have different colours (but the same pattern of coloration) and other differences in their external anatomy (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF951203FC8A869CFC50FC64" box="[814,898,962,984]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[217,1346,197,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-235@2.[212,1351,191,1376]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Roboastra gracilis: living specimens from: A, Fiji (photo K. Tucker); B, Cebu, Philippines (photo M. Miller); C, Sulawesi, Indonesia (photo L. Warren); and D, Hawaii (photo P. Fiene)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). They were collected from 
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF951203FB76869CFAF7FC64" box="[1234,1317,962,984]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
and are 
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF951203FC8286BFFCB5FC4A" box="[806,871,993,1015]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
in length (preserved). Their ground colour is transparent white with lines or spots of brilliant yellow. The end of the oral tentacles, the tips of the rhinophores and gills and the end of the foot are purple. They have 3–4 simply pinnate gills, although these are shorter than in larger specimens from other areas within the Indo-Pacific. Initially, we thought that they might be a different species, but study of their internal anatomy revealed that they are 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FB078189FAC5FB57" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1187,1303,1238,1260]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FB078189FAC5FB57" box="[1187,1303,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They are similar in colour to the specimens illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FC82804DFB80FA96" author="Bertsch H &amp; Johnson S" box="[806,1106,1299,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="208 - 218" refId="ref14262" refString="Bertsch H, Johnson S. 1982. Three new species of dorid nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) from the Hawaiian Islands. Veliger 24 (3): 208 - 218." type="journal article" year="1982">Bertsch &amp; Johnson (1982)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FB29804DFAE2FA96" author="Suzuki K" box="[1165,1328,1299,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" refId="ref15863" refString="Suzuki K. 2000. Opisthobranchs of Izu Peninsula. Tokyo: TSB-Britannica." type="book" year="2000">Suzuki (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30680B1FF951202FC9B806CFD32F9D6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF951203FC9B806CFAEDF96B" blockId="6.[806,1422,410,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FC9B806CFBB5FAFB" ID-CoL="4T87F" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[831,1127,1330,1351]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rubropapulosa">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FC9B806CFBB5FAFB" box="[831,1127,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Roboastra rubropapulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the second species of the genus described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FB29800FFAE3FADB" author="Bergh LSR" box="[1165,1329,1361,1383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 248" refId="ref14242" refString="Bergh LSR. 1905. Die Opisthobranchita der Siboga- Expedition. Siboga Expedition Monographs 50: 1 - 248." type="journal article" year="1905">Bergh (1905)</bibRefCitation>
. It too has an Indo-Pacific distribution. In his report on the Siboga material, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FBA080D0FB38FA18" author="Bergh LSR" box="[1028,1258,1422,1444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 248" refId="ref14242" refString="Bergh LSR. 1905. Die Opisthobranchita der Siboga- Expedition. Siboga Expedition Monographs 50: 1 - 248." type="journal article" year="1905">Bergh (1905: 198)</bibRefCitation>
described a brightly coloured papillate species (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF951203FAA580F3FA86FA7F" box="[1281,1364,1453,1475]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1351,1370]" captionTargetBox="[222,1381,198,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-269@7.[219,1384,198,1319]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Roboastra rubropapulosa. A, original painting of Nembrotha rubropapulosa (Bergh, 1905). B, photograph of the living animal identified as R. rubropapulosa by T.M. Gosliner (Gosliner et al., 1996). C, right half of the radula of Nembrotha sp. (CASIZ 106531), previously identified as R. rubropapulosa. Scale bar = 90 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634655/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FC828092FC39FA5C" ID-CoL="4T87F" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[806,1003,1483,1505]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rubropapulosa">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FC828092FC39FA5C" box="[806,1003,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">N. rubropapulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This differed from his 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FABE8092FA5CFA5C" ID-CoL="4T879" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1306,1422,1483,1505]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FABE8092FA5CFA5C" box="[1306,1422,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only in that there was one elongate marginal plate on each side of the radular rows. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FBDB8357FADAF9A3" author="Burn R" box="[1151,1288,1545,1567]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" pagination="212 - 222" refId="ref14328" refString="Burn R. 1967. Notes on an overlooked nudibranch genus, Roboastra Bergh, 1877, and two allied genera (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Australian Zoology 14: 212 - 222." type="journal article" year="1967">Burn (1967)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the number of plates is not a characteristic which can be used to separate the species from its congeners because the division between the marginal plates can be very difficult to see. Thus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FBD783DAFAEAF924" ID-CoL="4T87F" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1139,1336,1667,1689]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rubropapulosa">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FBD783DAFAEAF924" box="[1139,1336,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">N. rubropapulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be effectively separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FB2783FDFB2AF90B" ID-CoL="4T879" baseAuthorityName="BERGH" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1155,1272,1698,1720]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FB2783FDFB2AF90B" box="[1155,1272,1698,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is presently considered to be a synonym of the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF951202FC9B8381FD32F9D6" blockId="6.[806,1422,410,1904]" lastBlockId="7.[162,778,1497,1642]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
Nevertheless, photographs have appeared in a number of publications (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF951203FB3783A0FC1CF88F" author="Gosliner TM &amp; Behrens D &amp; Willians G" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" refId="ref15065" refString="Gosliner TM, Behrens D, Willians G. 1996. Coral reef animals of the Indo-Pacific. Monterey, CA: Sea Challengers." type="book" year="1996">Gosliner, Behrens &amp; Willians, 1996</bibRefCitation>
) and in web pages (www.medslug.de; www.diveoz.au.com), where the animal is misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF951203FCDE8205FBEDF8D3" ID-CoL="4T87F" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[890,1087,1882,1904]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rubropapulosa">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF951203FCDE8205FBEDF8D3" box="[890,1087,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">R. rubropapulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF951203FBF48204FB71F8CC" box="[1104,1187,1882,1904]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1351,1370]" captionTargetBox="[222,1381,198,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-269@7.[219,1384,198,1319]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Roboastra rubropapulosa. A, original painting of Nembrotha rubropapulosa (Bergh, 1905). B, photograph of the living animal identified as R. rubropapulosa by T.M. Gosliner (Gosliner et al., 1996). C, right half of the radula of Nembrotha sp. (CASIZ 106531), previously identified as R. rubropapulosa. Scale bar = 90 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634655/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Moreover, we have studied some of the specimens deposited at CASIZ (075236, 082920, 082922, 106531) and we have been able to confirm that they represent juvenile specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF941202FF6C836BFEA8F9F7" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1877" box="[200,378,1589,1611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Nembrotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF941202FF6C836BFE9AF9F6" box="[200,328,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Nembrotha</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, perhaps 
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF941202FE5A8368FD4AF9F6" ID-CoL="467DG" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1877" box="[510,664,1589,1611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Nembrotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kubaryana">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF941202FE5A8368FD4AF9F6" box="[510,664,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">N. kubaryana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because they have a radula typical of this genus (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF941202FDDB830AFD01F9D6" box="[639,723,1620,1642]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1351,1370]" captionTargetBox="[222,1381,198,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-269@7.[219,1384,198,1319]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Roboastra rubropapulosa. A, original painting of Nembrotha rubropapulosa (Bergh, 1905). B, photograph of the living animal identified as R. rubropapulosa by T.M. Gosliner (Gosliner et al., 1996). C, right half of the radula of Nembrotha sp. (CASIZ 106531), previously identified as R. rubropapulosa. Scale bar = 90 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634655/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>