195 lines
26 KiB
XML
195 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="57502DD20B2922E2AFD83AC8E34404E2" ID-CLB-Dataset="26761" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4394.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96807e95-89bd-4f9c-8e64-dd44cf0ca98a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3066097" ID-ZooBank="6AEE9169-0FC2-4728-A690-52FFA1707FC0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1558368195341" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heikkilä, Maria, Brown, John W., Baixeras, Joaquin, Mey, Wolfram & Kozlov, Mikhail V." docDate="2018" docId="03B2FF08FFC01400FF5485601186FE82" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4394.1.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4394 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Electresia zalesskii Kusnezov 1941" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FF8B8770FFC9140AFFC386241322FFC2" masterDocTitle="Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698731243689" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="32E0EB1965E11511B11DE8DFE1D2EC9B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7E6CCA0DD834A12E4935F2F804571125">
|
||
<mods:title id="35101EA69CD741D384AB3488B7EAA6FB">Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="04EB54263ACF56BCFC86782614EF62BC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="639765DE4F91D9C74C7853305C99E567">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9E9F6C33066F60B6EBCA3B3E02B981B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="532E9AB0D59D586D1CC6DE7FE5AF2046">Heikkilä, Maria</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3352065326338A9995A52631F7953104" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A28F8D7701FD6AF31D5830BE2506877D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7E9A44F0BEFC5D8C95A3FF3AB714B965">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5C70E050E5E423E5D36C884DC74715A4">Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9D30A5623E0EE2AD352C60C29DCA9333" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="01679D4EFE86BE671EE8303EFB0B270A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CCAEDFFCA152E16B622AB6EA5F7DC8B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1ECC089ABB00D9E81FC13F095D4D0D74">Baixeras, Joaquin</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E2C81C748623A2E3E068F3BBE11DA9B4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="97886F6A875057647888BC75283259A6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="40F95BB9CBB2833DCAA3EAF4CB97A91C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="03D9F4EDC9634124A33F3F98E124D3AD">Mey, Wolfram</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="499E3825D5FFDA11B84A8686B4777E32" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="CD0F9E0B7D3966074D4F55FD033E5AEA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9B8F5D18BE6102CF1CFA44A8F966E1CC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EA351D155D199143EFBF44F3631326EB">Kozlov, Mikhail V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="992156F1FEAD8E28B6A9B09AAB7180EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="62B61E50C2D987BE189AF5FE48C121FC" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="FFA49C7463E1E5821F88C703272FFDA1">
|
||
<mods:title id="FBF0166BAF4133D51A861F697D5E5686">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="9454F28F5573E967D89476FA36B1170E">
|
||
<mods:date id="B6BED3D6A478A8B91795F9FCC8B6A828">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2BB88B7DBE2A540061E1B0AFDA4E51E2" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="01F853FA408BE6459C4914DE9C5F519F">2018-03-13</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="907C825A238CE88E3596B2BA1540B9F0" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="C6DD9D5DC508865D3FC6188FE91FE06B">4394</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0EBC9410B8E6B8EABA9C87095B139619" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="B4819FA0F8ABBCCEFE3F8A105BA4A737">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="A8C436AF7AE00A0C8403E07D7AEA277B" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="6F205A6A102052B54295DF2A7D99E00C">41</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="3A427022A0ACA08D721DCA1E2599CCE0">60</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8870CC2F8AD98668D42574D87802F73E">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0EED0D50EFC17E368A44D8FB6B922374" type="CLB-Dataset">26761</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="65DE69E430F7F8E41DD638DB73FAB827" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4394.1.2</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B1A31A9CBF3559909A60D1AFCFA3FDBA" type="GBIF-Dataset">96807e95-89bd-4f9c-8e64-dd44cf0ca98a</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="79C6208F9F4811BD834B176CD6B754A3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F8F4BEC8B7A15876FD1AF282CB8F49CD" type="Zenodo-Dep">3066097</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="749B21BD0E5B8296B9567E11D5EC8047" type="ZooBank">6AEE9169-0FC2-4728-A690-52FFA1707FC0</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03B2FF08FFC01400FF5485601186FE82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981096" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157232489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981096" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2FF08FFC01400FF5485601186FE82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2FF08FFC01400FF5485601186FE82" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC01403FF5485601167FC9C" box="[151,581,836,862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC01403FF5485601167FC9C" blockId="9.[151,581,836,895]" box="[151,581,836,862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<heading id="D0ECF972FFC01403FF5485601167FC9C" bold="true" box="[151,581,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FF5485601167FC9C" ID-CoL="94LQS" authority="Kusnezov, 1941" authorityName="Kusnezov" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,581,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Electresia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zalesskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FF5485601167FC9C" bold="true" box="[151,581,836,862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FF5485601259FC9C" bold="true" box="[151,379,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Electresia zalesskii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FE4085601167FC9C" author="Kusnezov, N. J." box="[387,581,836,862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref13221" refString="Kusnezov, N. J. (1941) A revision of the amber Lepidoptera. Academie des Sciences de L'Union des Republiques Sovietiques Socialistes, Institut Paleontologique, Moscow & Leningrad, 135 pp." type="book" year="1941">Kusnezov, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC01403FF5485421093F98D" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC01403FF5485421233FCBC" blockId="9.[151,581,836,895]" box="[151,273,870,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320529BFFC01403FF54854213FEFCBD" box="[151,220,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,375,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,375,1332]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Electresia zalesskii Kusnezov, 1941. PIRAS (HT: no. 20). a. Crazing on the surface of the copal piece. b. Dorsal view. Length of forewing 4.2 mm. c. Ventral view. Photos: Maria Heikkilä." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3094747/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
a–c.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC01403FF54858A1131FA91" blockId="9.[151,1437,942,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FF54858A1166FC05" bold="true" box="[151,580,942,967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Excavation locality and depository:</emphasis>
|
||
Formerly, the fossil was in the private collection of B. V. Miloradovitsch,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C0E8EFFC01403FF5485F613C6FC29" box="[151,228,978,1003]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but it is currently in the collection of the PIRAS
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DF80FCFFC01403FCCD85F7104CFC28" box="[782,878,979,1002]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Moscow</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0F0BCFFC01403FCBF85F610C8FC29" box="[892,1002,978,1003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: no. 20). In the original description the inclusion is reported to be in Baltic amber (Baltic Region, Prussian Fm./Lutetian, Middle Eocene), but Prof. A. Rasnitsyn has examined the specimen and concluded it is copal (pers. comm.). The surface of this specimen, as that of the fossil pyraloid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FE62821A106FFB95" authority="Kusnezov, 1941" authorityName="Kusnezov" authorityYear="1941" box="[417,845,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Glendotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olgae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FE62821A11A0FB95" box="[417,642,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Glendotricha olgae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FD53821B106FFB95" author="Kusnezov, N. J." box="[656,845,1087,1111]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref13221" refString="Kusnezov, N. J. (1941) A revision of the amber Lepidoptera. Academie des Sciences de L'Union des Republiques Sovietiques Socialistes, Institut Paleontologique, Moscow & Leningrad, 135 pp." type="book" year="1941">Kusnezov, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, show greater deterioration than the other amber specimens dealt with in the same paper by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FD498247106FFBB9" author="Kusnezov, N. J." box="[650,845,1123,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref13221" refString="Kusnezov, N. J. (1941) A revision of the amber Lepidoptera. Academie des Sciences de L'Union des Republiques Sovietiques Socialistes, Institut Paleontologique, Moscow & Leningrad, 135 pp." type="book" year="1941">Kusnezov (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and deposited at the PIRAS. In addition, solubility tests were conducted on small, detached pieces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FD1782A21092FB5D" authorityName="Kusnezov" authorityYear="1941" box="[724,944,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Glendotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olgae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FD1782A21092FB5D" box="[724,944,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Glendotricha olgae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In less than an hour in 95% alcohol, these particles turned into an opaque jelly-like mass, a reaction typical to copal but which never occurs when alcohol is applied to real Baltic amber (a succinite). Copal is younger than amber (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FC7982EA1764FB25" author="Poinar, G. O." box="[954,1094,1230,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref13805" refString="Poinar, G. O. (1992) Life in Amber. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 368 pp." type="book" year="1992">Poinar 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FB9182EA1630FB25" author="Labandeira, C." box="[1106,1298,1230,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" pagination="163 - 215" refId="ref13257" refString="Labandeira, C. (2014) Amber. In: Laflamme, M., Schiffbauer, J. D. & Darroch, S. A. F. (Eds.), Reading and Writing of the Fossil Record: Preservational Pathways to Exceptional Fossilization: Presented as a Paleontological Society Short Course at the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, Fancouver, British Columbia, October 18, 2014. Paleontological Society, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 163 - 215." type="book chapter" year="2014">Labandeira 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but a more precise age and origin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FE7382D611A4FAC9" authorityName="Kusnezov" authorityYear="1941" box="[432,646,1266,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Electresia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zalesskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FE7382D611A4FAC9" box="[432,646,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Electresia zalesskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are currently not known. The re-assessment of the fossil moth is based on the information and illustrations found in the original publication by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FC0F833317ACFAED" author="Kusnezov, N. J." box="[972,1166,1303,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref13221" refString="Kusnezov, N. J. (1941) A revision of the amber Lepidoptera. Academie des Sciences de L'Union des Republiques Sovietiques Socialistes, Institut Paleontologique, Moscow & Leningrad, 135 pp." type="book" year="1941">Kusnezov (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the examination of the specimen at the PIRAS (MH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC01403FF04837A126DFA59" blockId="9.[151,1437,942,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FF04837A12FFFAB5" bold="true" box="[199,477,1374,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Published illustrations:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FE27837B11E2FAB5" author="Kusnezov, N. J." box="[484,704,1374,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref13221" refString="Kusnezov, N. J. (1941) A revision of the amber Lepidoptera. Academie des Sciences de L'Union des Republiques Sovietiques Socialistes, Institut Paleontologique, Moscow & Leningrad, 135 pp." type="book" year="1941">Kusnezov 1941: 63</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 50–52 (drawings) and reproduction in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FB6C837B16BAFAB5" author="Carpenter, F. M." box="[1199,1432,1375,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref11908" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1992) Superclass Hexapoda. In: Kaesler, R. L., Brosius, E., Keim, J. & Priesner, J. (Eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R (Arthropoda- 4), 3 and 4 (Superclass Hexapoda). Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas, xxi + 655 pp." type="book" year="1992">Carpenter 1992: 374</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2 (drawing).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC01403FF0483821093F98D" blockId="9.[151,1437,942,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FF048382126AFA7D" bold="true" box="[199,328,1446,1471]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Condition:</emphasis>
|
||
The irregularly shaped copal piece (21 × 23 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC01403FCAE83831090FA7D" box="[877,946,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) shows signs of physical degradation. The surface has a dense network of small cracks making it very difficult to examine the moth (forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFC01403FAFE83EF16B6FA21" box="[1341,1428,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) within it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320529BFFC01403FECB83CA126CF9C5" box="[264,334,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,375,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,375,1332]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Electresia zalesskii Kusnezov, 1941. PIRAS (HT: no. 20). a. Crazing on the surface of the copal piece. b. Dorsal view. Length of forewing 4.2 mm. c. Ventral view. Photos: Maria Heikkilä." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3094747/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sex of the moth cannot be determined with certainty, but based on the absence of sensory setae on the flagellomeres of the antenna, it is likely a female. The wings are folded roof-like over the abdomen, so only the forewing venation can be observed; the legs are partly visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC01400FF04807E1186FE82" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC01403FF04807E175BF81C" blockId="9.[151,1437,942,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FF04807E1273F9B1" bold="true" box="[199,337,1626,1651]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FE9A807F1138F9B1" author="Kusnezov, N. J." box="[345,538,1627,1651]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref13221" refString="Kusnezov, N. J. (1941) A revision of the amber Lepidoptera. Academie des Sciences de L'Union des Republiques Sovietiques Socialistes, Institut Paleontologique, Moscow & Leningrad, 135 pp." type="book" year="1941">Kusnezov (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned this fossil to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FCE6807E1091F9B1" box="[805,947,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Eucosmidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eucosmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (now considered a tribe of Olethreutinae), indicating that it is closely allied to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FD56805B1099F955" authority="Hubner, 1825" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[661,955,1662,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Laspeyresia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FD56805B1039F954" box="[661,795,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Laspeyresia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FCE1805A1099F955" author="Hubner, J." box="[802,955,1662,1687]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref12845" refString="Hubner, J. (1825) Ferzeichnis bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]. bey dem Verfasser zu Finden, Augsburg, 432 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48607" type="book" year="1825">Hübner, 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FBC1805A1767F955" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[1026,1093,1662,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cydia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FBC1805A1767F955" box="[1026,1093,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Cydia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the tribe Grapholitini). This placement was based on a variety of morphological characteristics, including the following: length of the antennae (slightly longer than half the forewing length); configuration of the labial palpi (a short basal segment, a longer second segment, and a short, obtuse third segment); the absence of (or inconspicuous) maxillary palpi; the overall forewing shape (trapezoidal, 2.5 times long as wide, with apex rounded and obtuse, and termen slightly incurved at M
|
||
<subScript id="179F4C5BFFC01403FF738165139AF88D" attach="left" box="[176,184,1857,1871]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">1</subScript>
|
||
) and venation (all veins present and separate beyond the discal cell, with well-developed chorda and M stem). The chaetosemata are not mentioned, and cannot be observed in this fossil. The scaling of the antennae is difficult to see, but it appears that there is only one row of scales. All of these features are highly consistent with the assignment of the specimen to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FE328185114DF878" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[497,623,1953,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the slightly undulate termen in forewings is certainly similar to that of many recent Olethreutinae (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FDDD81E21014F81C" authority="Meyrick, 1905" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1905" box="[542,822,1989,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Irianassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FDDD81E211AAF81F" box="[542,648,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Irianassa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FD4D81E11014F81C" author="Meyrick, E." box="[654,822,1989,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" pagination="580 - 619" refId="ref13466" refString="Meyrick, E. (1905) Descriptions of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. J ournal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16 (4), 580 - 619." type="journal article" year="1905">Meyrick, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC01403FC8281E1174EF81C" authority="Bradley, 1957" authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1957" box="[833,1132,1989,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Periphoeba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC01403FC8281E110E6F81C" box="[833,964,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Periphoeba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC01403FC0881E1174EF81C" author="Bradley, J. D." box="[971,1132,1989,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" pagination="87 - 112" refId="ref11784" refString="Bradley, J. D. (1957) Microlepidoptera from Rennell and Bellona Islands. The Natural History of Rennell Island, British Solomon Islands, 2 (19), 87 - 112." type="journal article" year="1957">Bradley, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC31400FF0486B31186FE82" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
The monophyly of Olethreutinae is strongly supported by morphological (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC31400FBF086B3179BFF72" author="Horak, M." box="[1075,1209,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" pagination="199 - 215" refId="ref12685" refString="Horak, M. (1998) The Tortricoidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, 1 Evolution, systematics and biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie / Handbook of Zoology 35. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, pp. 199 - 215." type="book chapter" year="1998">Horak 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and molecular data (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC31400FF1286981281FF16" author="Regier, J. C. & Brown, J. W. & Mitter, C. & Baixeras, J. & Cho, S. & Cummings, M. P. & Zwick, A." box="[209,419,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" pagination="35574" refId="ref14004" refString="Regier, J. C., Brown, J. W., Mitter, C., Baixeras, J., Cho, S., Cummings, M. P. & Zwick, A. (2012) A molecular phylogeny for the leaf-roller moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its implications for classification and life history evolution. PLoS ONE, 7 (4), e 35574. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0035574" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Regier
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC31400FEE78699127DFF17" box="[292,351,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC31400FE738699115FFF16" author="Fagua, G. & Condamine, F. L. & Horak, M. & Zwick, A. & Sperling, F. A. H." box="[432,637,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" pagination="449 - 466" refId="ref12375" refString="Fagua, G., Condamine, F. L., Horak, M., Zwick, A. & Sperling, F. A. H. (2017) Diversification shifts in leafroller moths linked to continental colonization and the rise of angiosperms. Cladistics, 33 (5), 449 - 466. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12185" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Fagua
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC31400FE3E86991115FF17" box="[509,567,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC31400FD5286981009FF16" author="Horak, M." box="[657,811,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" pagination="199 - 215" refId="ref12685" refString="Horak, M. (1998) The Tortricoidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, 1 Evolution, systematics and biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie / Handbook of Zoology 35. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, pp. 199 - 215." type="book chapter" year="1998">Horak (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that Olethreutinae differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC31400FB1B86981671FF17" baseAuthorityName="Horak & Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1240,1363,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tortricinae">Tortricinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the retention of the M-stem and the chorda in the forewing discal cell, but these plesiomorphic features are also present in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC31400FF35872012B1FEDF" box="[246,403,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chlidanotinae">Chlidanotinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC31400FE6187201100FEDF" box="[418,546,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Polyorthini">Polyorthini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC31400FD9A87201021FEDF" authorityName="Diakonoff" authorityYear="1977" box="[601,771,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hilarographini">Hilarographini</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Regardless of its tribal and/or subfamilial assignment, we conclude that this fossil belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC31400FDE187031182FE82" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[546,672,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |