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<document id="F8B07F5FC66160D80078890F3212B2CE" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12036" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5282291" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630044549496" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Rius, Marc &amp; Teske, Peter R." docDate="2013" docId="03B0C85AFFAFFFC89B91FE493406F8D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12036.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12036" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pyura doppelgangera Rius &amp; Teske 2013, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="604" masterDocId="FF89B022FFABFFCF9801FFFB315DFFBF" masterDocTitle="Cryptic diversity in coastal Australasia: a morphological and mitonuclear genetic analysis of habitat-forming sibling species" masterLastPageNumber="611" masterPageNumber="597" pageNumber="601" updateTime="1699139386225" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F302351242CAFD7A0289AF888A363AC3">Cryptic diversity in coastal Australasia: a morphological and mitonuclear genetic analysis of habitat-forming sibling species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE5C507AFFF5FEB51D4B510DB8C7F502">Rius, Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F779F33D69C62EA70C175AC12D0502E">Teske, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2D397BC4B785EFF78A0D016822F17D5C">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5954171D910D8A61EB6ED96366CDB5AF">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48DF30B41A5674986493DB85B35C3332">2013-07-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EB791B4F8D0C9F8318C8B57CDF92A917">168</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="227E7385A807DC6EB88FEE696F63BCBB">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12036</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="4BCB03040DF02BEF7A7402DA7CF7599B" type="DOI">10.1111/zoj.12036</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8DC8A3555779A5F1F0DADAAAB7E61558" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="346606F2430396A7655FCC8003666119" type="Zenodo-Dep">5282291</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B0C85AFFAFFFC89B91FE493406F8D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0C85AFFAFFFC89B91FE493406F8D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0C85AFFAFFFC89B91FE493406F8D0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="604" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
<subSubSection id="C3032AC7FFAFFFCB9B91FE49347EFE78" box="[912,1315,434,455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAFFFCB9B91FE49347EFE78" blockId="4.[912,1315,434,455]" box="[912,1315,434,455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
<heading id="D0EECE20FFAFFFCB9B91FE49347EFE78" box="[912,1315,434,455]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAFFFCB9B91FE4935EEFE78" ID-CoL="4QY8Q" authority="Rius &amp; Teske, 2013" authorityName="Rius &amp; Teske" authorityYear="2013" box="[912,1203,434,455]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doppelgangera" status="sp. nov.">PYURA DOPPELGANGERA</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAFFFCB9CBFFE4E347EFE78" bold="true" box="[1214,1315,434,455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E1825FFAFFFCB9CBFFE4E347EFE78" box="[1214,1315,434,455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3032AC7FFAFFFC89B27FE223406F8D0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="604" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAFFFCB9B27FE22357BFD7A" blockId="4.[806,1421,473,709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAFFFCB9B27FE223555FE51" box="[806,1032,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B717311FFAFFFCB9C15FE22357FFD7A" county="Port Welshpool" location="We" municipality="South African Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8EC62F97FFAFFFCB9C15FE22356AFE51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0C85AFFAFFFC89B91FE493406F8D0:8EC62F97FFAFFFCB9C15FE22356AFE51" box="[1044,1079,473,494]" county="Port Welshpool" municipality="South African Museum" name="We" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">We</location>
examined specimens from a variety of locations (
<tableCitation id="C69B4CF7FFAFFFCB9C24FE0C352AFDB2" box="[1061,1143,503,525]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[144,208,642,663]" captionText="Table 1. Species, sample sites, and geographical details where the specimens of Pyura spp. used for morphological examination were collected. The small morph of Pyura praeputialis is referred to as Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. and the large morph as Pyura praeputialis" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">Table 1</tableCitation>
) and a representative suite of these was deposited in the
<location id="8EC62F97FFAFFFCB9CFEFDED32B6FDF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0C85AFFAFFFC89B91FE493406F8D0:8EC62F97FFAFFFCB9CFEFDED32B6FDF5" county="Port Welshpool" municipality="South African Museum" name="Iziko South African Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
Iziko
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2E336FFAFFFCB9D48FDED32B6FDF5" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">South African Museum</collectingMunicipality>
</location>
(accession numbers: 25991 –
<collectingCounty id="62C701C0FFAFFFCB9D5DFDCE32C0FDD6" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">Port Welshpool</collectingCounty>
, 26008
<typeStatus id="54A2C7EEFFAFFFCB9C01FDA8353CFDD6" box="[1024,1121,595,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
– Bridport, 26009
<typeStatus id="54A2C7EEFFAFFFCB9D51FDA8320AFD38" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
– Bridport). Samples from the type locality (Bridport) were either used for morphological or genetic analyses (
<tableCitation id="C69B4CF7FFAFFFCB9B9BFD5432A4FD7B" box="[922,1017,687,709]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[144,208,642,663]" captionText="Table 1. Species, sample sites, and geographical details where the specimens of Pyura spp. used for morphological examination were collected. The small morph of Pyura praeputialis is referred to as Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. and the large morph as Pyura praeputialis" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C69B4CF7FFAFFFCB9C0BFD543547FD7A" box="[1034,1050,687,709]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[164,228,198,217]" captionText="Table 2. Locations of samples used for genetic analyses of Pyura praeputialis (A) and Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. (B), and number of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT) intron sequences generated. Sequences generated specifically for this study are marked with asterisks" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">2</tableCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAFFFCB9B27FD16355AFBEC" blockId="4.[806,1422,749,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAFFFCB9B27FD16358EFCBD" box="[806,1235,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
Description (
<typeStatus id="54A2C7EEFFAFFFCB9BBDFD163547FCBD" box="[956,1050,749,770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="54A2C7EEFFAFFFCB9C61FD163598FCBD" box="[1120,1221,749,770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
The specimens (measured in contracted individuals) are 26 and
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFAFFFCB9B27FCD13229FC80" box="[806,884,810,831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in maximum dorsal length, their height (measured from the base to the top of the siphonal area)
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFAFFFCB9B68FC9C32A7FCC3" box="[873,1018,871,893]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" unit="mm" value="39.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="34.0">34 to 45 mm</quantity>
, and their width
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFAFFFCB9CC2FC9C340BFCC3" box="[1219,1366,871,892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18 to 20 mm</quantity>
. The specimens show a short peduncle that appears from the base. The tunic has sand embedded in it and has no pointed papillae (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFAFFFCB9C28FC3835DCFC66" box="[1065,1153,963,985]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-279@7.[164,1445,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). The tunic thickness is thin compared to other representatives of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAFFFCB9B27FBFA32E4FBAA" box="[806,953,1024,1046]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAFFFCB9B27FBFA32E4FBAA" box="[806,953,1024,1046]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">P. stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex. Siphonal spines are long and pointed and their bases are slightly expanded (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFAFFFCB9BA4FBC632A7FBEC" box="[933,1018,1085,1107]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1180,1199]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,197,1150]" captionTargetId="figure-370@6.[144,1424,197,1150]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron microscope photographs of the siphonal spines of the species comprising the Pyura stolonifera species complex. A, Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov., B, Pyura praeputialis, C, Pyura dalbyi, D, Pyura herdmani, E, P. stolonifera. Scale bars: A = 100 Mm; B, D = 40 Mm; C = 50 Mm; E = 10 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282293/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAFFFCB9B3EFBA73229FAF7" blockId="4.[806,1422,749,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
The body wall is orange, but dark purple around the siphons. The body size is
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFAFFFCB9C80FB813449FB2F" box="[1153,1300,1146,1168]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="25.0">25 to 26 mm</quantity>
in length,
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFAFFFCB9B27FB6232E3FB11" box="[806,958,1177,1198]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 21 mm</quantity>
in height, and
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFAFFFCB9C7EFB62344BFB11" box="[1151,1302,1177,1199]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12 to 15 mm</quantity>
in width. There are anterior longitudinal muscular bands across the body, with circular muscular bands around the siphons. There are 33 to 34 ramified oral tentacles of different sizes (alternating between large and small).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAFFFCB9B3EFAAB3442F94B" blockId="4.[806,1422,749,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
The branchial formula is: right side of the specimen, counting from the endostyle (RE) 3 (12) 1 (12) 2 (13) 3 (12) 2 (16) 2 (15) 2 dorsal lamina (DL) 3 (14) 2 (11) 2 (14) 2 (12) 2 (10) 2 (9) 5 left side, to the endostyle (EL) and RE 5 (11) 2 (10) 3 (10) 2 (14) 3 (12) 1 (15) 2 DL 3 (14) 2 (11) 3 (14) 2 (13) 2 (10) 2 (8) 3 EL. Branchial stigmata are straight and between 9 and 11 are present per mesh. The dorsal tubercle is arranged as a double spiral and is not granulated (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFAFFFCB9BB7F99F3557F9C5" box="[950,1034,1636,1658]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-279@7.[164,1445,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). The dorsal lamina is short and contains small languets (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFAFFFCB9C44F97935C0F926" box="[1093,1181,1666,1689]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-279@7.[164,1445,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The dorsal tubercle shows a characteristic orientation in relation to the line delineated by the dorsal lamina. In this case it is between 40 and 80° to the left (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFAFFFCB9C9FF925344EF94B" box="[1182,1299,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-279@7.[164,1445,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">Fig. 2F, G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAFFFCB9B3EF90634D0F8D0" blockId="4.[806,1422,749,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="601">
The right gonad show the same positioning as in other Australasian forms, forming two rows of lobes. The gonoduct of the right gonad opens
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFAFFFCB9CECF8C13414F8F0" box="[1261,1353,1850,1871]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="601" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
away from the gonad and is perpendicular to the vertical
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6629C4FFAEFFCA9891FD2A3302FCBC" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" startId="5.[144,208,721,742]">
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAEFFCA9891FD2A3302FCBC" blockId="5.[144,1843,721,771]" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA9891FD2A31B4FD59" bold="true" box="[144,233,721,742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Table 3.</emphasis>
Taxonomic details of the examined
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAEFFCA9A6BFD2A3243FD59" box="[618,798,721,742]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA9A6BFD2A3243FD59" box="[618,798,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Pyura stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex specimens, except for the species
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA9D35FD2A37D2FD59" bold="true" box="[1332,1679,721,742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAEFFCA9D35FD2A376CFD59" authority="Rius &amp; Teske, 2013" authorityName="Rius &amp; Teske" authorityYear="2013" box="[1332,1585,721,742]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doppelgangera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA9D35FD2A376CFD59" bold="true" box="[1332,1585,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Pyura doppelgangera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E1825FFAEFFCA9E39FD2A37D2FD59" box="[1592,1679,721,742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(see main text) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAEFFCA98C1FD153017FCBC" authorityName="Rius &amp; Teske" authorityYear="2011" box="[192,330,750,771]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dalbyi">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA98C1FD153017FCBC" box="[192,330,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Pyura dalbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EF8804BDFFAEFFCA9984FD153305FCBC" author="Teske PR &amp; Rius M &amp; McQuaid CD &amp; Styan CA &amp; Piggott MP &amp; Benhissoune S &amp; Fuentes-Grunewald C &amp; Walls K &amp; Page M &amp; Attard CRM &amp; Cooke GM &amp; McClusky CF &amp; Banks SC &amp; Barker NP &amp; Beheregaray LB" box="[389,600,750,771]" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" pagination="176" refId="ref9884" refString="Teske PR, Rius M, McQuaid CD, Styan CA, Piggott MP, Benhissoune S, Fuentes-Grunewald C, Walls K, Page M, Attard CRM, Cooke GM, McClusky CF, Banks SC, Barker NP, Beheregaray LB. 2011. &quot; Nested &quot; cryptic diversity in a widespread marine ecosystem engineer: a challenge for detecting biological invasions. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 176." type="journal article" year="2011">Rius &amp; Teske, 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAEFFCA9DEEFCD332B2FB4C" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<table id="F9198BECFFAE00309891FCD3366EFB4C" box="[144,1843,808,1267]" gridcols="14" gridrows="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FCD3366EFC86" box="[144,1843,808,825]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76F81272FFAE00309DEEFCD3372BFC86" box="[1519,1654,808,825]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Gonoduct</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FCBA366EFCED" box="[144,1843,833,850]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309D66FCBA3482FCED" box="[1383,1503,833,850]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">No. of rows</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DEEFCBA372BFCED" box="[1519,1654,833,850]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">longitude (mm)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FCA4366EFCCF" box="[144,1843,863,880]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309BFEFCA43507FCCF" box="[1023,1114,863,880]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">No.</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFCA43592FCCF" box="[1130,1231,863,880]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Dorsal</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E94FCA437B6FCCF" box="[1685,1771,863,880]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Digestive</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309EFAFCA4366EFCCF" box="[1787,1843,863,880]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Anal</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FC82366EFC35" box="[144,1843,889,906]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76F81272FFAE0030991BFC8230DEFC35" box="[282,387,889,906]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Body wall</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309993FC8230B4FC35" box="[402,489,889,906]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">No. oral</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FC8233B5FC35" box="[505,744,889,906]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Branchial formula</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FC8232B2FC35" box="[759,1007,889,906]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Branchial formula</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309BFEFC823507FC35" box="[1023,1114,889,906]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">stigmata</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFC823592FC35" box="[1130,1231,889,906]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">tubercle</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309CDEFC82340AFC35" box="[1247,1367,889,906]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Dorsal</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309D66FC8234C6FC35" box="[1383,1435,889,906]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Right</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DAAFC823482FC35" box="[1451,1503,889,906]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Left</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DEEFC82377EFC35" box="[1519,1571,889,906]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Right</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E43FC82372BFC35" box="[1602,1654,889,906]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Left</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E94FC8237B6FC35" box="[1685,1771,889,906]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">secondary</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309EFAFC82366EFC35" box="[1787,1843,889,906]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">border</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FC69366EFC1C" box="[144,1843,914,931]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<th id="76F81272FFAE00309891FC693057FC1C" box="[144,266,914,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Species</th>
<td id="76F81272FFAE0030991BFC6930DEFC1C" box="[282,387,914,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">colour*</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309993FC6930B4FC1C" box="[402,489,914,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">tentacles†</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FC6933B5FC1C" box="[505,744,914,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">(small specimen)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FC6932B2FC1C" box="[759,1007,914,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">(large specimen)‡</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309BFEFC693507FC1C" box="[1023,1114,914,931]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">per mesh†</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFC693592FC1C" box="[1130,1231,914,931]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">shape</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309CDEFC69340AFC1C" box="[1247,1367,914,931]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">lamina</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309D66FC6934C6FC1C" box="[1383,1435,914,931]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">gonad</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DAAFC693482FC1C" box="[1451,1503,914,931]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">gonad</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DEEFC69377EFC1C" box="[1519,1571,914,931]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">gonad</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E43FC69372BFC1C" box="[1602,1654,914,931]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">gonad</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E94FC6937B6FC1C" box="[1685,1771,914,931]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">gut loop</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309EFAFC69366EFC1C" box="[1787,1843,914,931]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">lobes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FC32366EFC65" box="[144,1843,969,986]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<th id="76F81272FFAE00309891FC323057FC65" box="[144,266,969,986]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAEFFCA9891FC323199FC65" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[144,196,969,986]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA9891FC323199FC65" box="[144,196,969,986]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Pyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F81272FFAE0030991BFC3230DEFC65" box="[282,387,969,986]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Pale orange</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309993FC3230B4FC65" box="[402,489,969,986]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">26–33</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FC3233B5FC65" box="[505,744,969,986]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">RE 4 (12) 2 (11) 1 (13)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FC3232B2FC65" box="[759,1007,969,986]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">RE 5 (12) 2 (14) 2 (17)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309BFEFC323507FC65" box="[1023,1114,969,986]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">6–16</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFC323592FC65" box="[1130,1231,969,986]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Double</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309CDEFC32340AFC65" box="[1247,1367,969,986]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Absent or</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309D66FC3234C6FC65" box="[1383,1435,969,986]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">2</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DAAFC323482FC65" box="[1451,1503,969,986]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">2</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DEEFC32377EFC65" box="[1519,1571,969,986]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">0.5–4</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E43FC32372BFC65" box="[1602,1654,969,986]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">10–22</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E94FC3237B6FC65" box="[1685,1771,969,986]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Medium</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309EFAFC32366EFC65" box="[1787,1843,969,986]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FC19366EFC4C" box="[144,1843,994,1011]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76F81272FFAE00309891FC193057FC4C" box="[144,266,994,1011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAEFFCA98A3FC193057FC4C" box="[162,266,994,1011]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praeputialis">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA98A3FC193057FC4C" box="[162,266,994,1011]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">praeputialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F81272FFAE0030991BFC1930DEFC4C" box="[282,387,994,1011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">to violet</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FC1933B5FC4C" box="[505,744,994,1011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">2 (14) 2 (14) 1 (14)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FC1932B2FC4C" box="[759,1007,994,1011]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">2 (20) 2 (21) 2 (21) 4</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFC193592FC4C" box="[1130,1231,994,1011]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">spiral</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309CDEFC19340AFC4C" box="[1247,1367,994,1011]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">short</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FC07366EFBB2" box="[144,1843,1020,1037]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FC0733B5FBB2" box="[505,744,1020,1037]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">3 DL 3 (16) 2 (12) 1 (14)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FC0732B2FBB2" box="[759,1007,1020,1037]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">DL 5 (24) 3 (23) 2 (19)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFC073592FBB2" box="[1130,1231,1020,1037]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">cone</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309CDEFC07340AFBB2" box="[1247,1367,1020,1037]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">with few</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FBEE366EFB99" box="[144,1843,1045,1062]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FBEE33B5FB99" box="[505,744,1045,1062]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">2 (13) 1 (11) 1 (9) 2 EL</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FBEE32B2FB99" box="[759,1007,1045,1062]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">2 (18) 2 (16) 2 (13) 2 EL</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309CDEFBEE340AFB99" box="[1247,1367,1045,1062]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">languets</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FBD4366EFBFF" box="[144,1843,1071,1088]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<th id="76F81272FFAE00309891FBD43057FBFF" box="[144,266,1071,1088]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAEFFCA9891FBD43199FBFF" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[144,196,1071,1088]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA9891FBD43199FBFF" box="[144,196,1071,1088]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Pyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F81272FFAE0030991BFBD430DEFBFF" box="[282,387,1071,1088]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Yellow</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309993FBD430B4FBFF" box="[402,489,1071,1088]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">22–24</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FBD433B5FBFF" box="[505,744,1071,1088]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">RE 8 (12) 2 (15) 2 (17)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FBD432B2FBFF" box="[759,1007,1071,1088]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">RE 4 (10) 5 (13) 5 (15)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309BFEFBD43507FBFF" box="[1023,1114,1071,1088]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">5–7</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFBD43592FBFF" box="[1130,1231,1071,1088]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Double</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309CDEFBD4340AFBFF" box="[1247,1367,1071,1088]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Absent</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309D66FBD434C6FBFF" box="[1383,1435,1071,1088]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">1</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DAAFBD43482FBFF" box="[1451,1503,1071,1088]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">1</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DEEFBD4377EFBFF" box="[1519,1571,1071,1088]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">1.5–3</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E43FBD4372BFBFF" box="[1602,1654,1071,1088]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">18–20</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E94FBD437B6FBFF" box="[1685,1771,1071,1088]" gridcol="12" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Long</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309EFAFBD4366EFBFF" box="[1787,1843,1071,1088]" gridcol="13" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FBB2366EFBE5" box="[144,1843,1097,1114]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76F81272FFAE00309891FBB23057FBE5" box="[144,266,1097,1114]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAEFFCA98A3FBB231A0FBE5" box="[162,253,1097,1114]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA98A3FBB231A0FBE5" box="[162,253,1097,1114]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FBB233B5FBE5" box="[505,744,1097,1114]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">2 (18) 2 (21) 2 (17) 2 DL</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FBB232B2FBE5" box="[759,1007,1097,1114]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">4 (18) 3 (16) 3 (18) 10</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFBB23592FBE5" box="[1130,1231,1097,1114]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">spiral</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FB99366EFBCC" box="[144,1843,1122,1139]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FB9933B5FBCC" box="[505,744,1122,1139]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">3 (16) 2 (16) 3 (16)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FB9932B2FBCC" box="[759,1007,1122,1139]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">DL 8 (22) 3 (16) 3 (19)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFB993592FBCC" box="[1130,1231,1122,1139]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">cone</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FB80366EFB33" box="[144,1843,1147,1164]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FB8033B5FB33" box="[505,744,1147,1164]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">3 (14) 4 (12) 3 (8) 3 EL</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FB8032B2FB33" box="[759,1007,1147,1164]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">5 (15) 5 (13) 5 (10) 5 EL</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FB6D366EFB18" box="[144,1843,1174,1191]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<th id="76F81272FFAE00309891FB6D3057FB18" box="[144,266,1174,1191]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAEFFCA9891FB6D3199FB18" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[144,196,1174,1191]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA9891FB6D3199FB18" box="[144,196,1174,1191]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Pyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F81272FFAE0030991BFB6D30DEFB18" box="[282,387,1174,1191]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Pale brown</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309993FB6D30B4FB18" box="[402,489,1174,1191]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">18–34</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FB6D33B5FB18" box="[505,744,1174,1191]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">RE 4 (11) 3 (12) 4 (14)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FB6D32B2FB18" box="[759,1007,1174,1191]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">RE 6 (13) 4 (14) 4 (18)</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309BFEFB6D3507FB18" box="[1023,1114,1174,1191]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">6–8</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309C6BFB6D3592FB18" box="[1130,1231,1174,1191]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Sponge-like</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309CDEFB6D340AFB18" box="[1247,1367,1174,1191]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Short with</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309D66FB6D34C6FB18" box="[1383,1435,1174,1191]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">1</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DAAFB6D3482FB18" box="[1451,1503,1174,1191]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">1</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309DEEFB6D377EFB18" box="[1519,1571,1174,1191]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">5–6</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E43FB6D372BFB18" box="[1602,1654,1174,1191]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">10–11</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309E94FB6D37B6FB18" box="[1685,1771,1174,1191]" gridcol="12" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Short</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309EFAFB6D366EFB18" box="[1787,1843,1174,1191]" gridcol="13" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FB54366EFB7F" box="[144,1843,1199,1216]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76F81272FFAE00309891FB543057FB7F" box="[144,266,1199,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFAEFFCA98A3FB5431ABFB7F" box="[162,246,1199,1216]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herdmani">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFAEFFCA98A3FB5431ABFB7F" box="[162,246,1199,1216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">herdmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F81272FFAE0030991BFB5430DEFB7F" box="[282,387,1199,1216]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">to orange</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FB5433B5FB7F" box="[505,744,1199,1216]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">3 (15) 3 (15) 3 (15) 6 DL</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FB5432B2FB7F" box="[759,1007,1199,1216]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">3 (22) 3 (23) 3 (23) 6</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309CDEFB54340AFB7F" box="[1247,1367,1199,1216]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">no languets</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FB33366EFB66" box="[144,1843,1224,1241]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FB3333B5FB66" box="[505,744,1224,1241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">5 (15) 3 (15) 3 (15) 3</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FB3332B2FB66" box="[759,1007,1224,1241]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">DL 6 (20) 3 (19) 4 (18)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35297B0EFFAE00309891FB19366EFB4C" box="[144,1843,1250,1267]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="602" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="76F81272FFAE003099F8FB1933B5FB4C" box="[505,744,1250,1267]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">(14) 3 (13) 3 (12) 5 EL</td>
<td id="76F81272FFAE00309AF6FB1932B2FB4C" box="[759,1007,1250,1267]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">3 (19) 4 (17) 3 (16) 13 EL</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAEFFCA9891FAE1356DFA94" blockId="5.[144,1519,1306,1373]" box="[144,1072,1306,1323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">*Some colour variation is expected owing to a different concentration of, and exposure time to, formalin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAEFFCA9891FAC8323DFAFB" blockId="5.[144,1519,1306,1373]" box="[144,864,1331,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">†This quantitative character is positively correlated with body size in all species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFAEFFCA9891FAB734B2FAE2" blockId="5.[144,1519,1306,1373]" box="[144,1519,1356,1373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="602">‡Counts are made from the endostyle on the right side of the body (RE) to the dorsal lamina (DL) and from the DL to the endostyle on the left side (EL).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6629C4FFADFFC99891FB6732F8FB55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282293" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5282293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282293/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" startId="6.[144,223,1180,1199]" targetBox="[144,1424,197,1150]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFADFFC99891FB6732F8FB55" blockId="6.[144,1421,1180,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99891FB6731A5FB10" bold="true" box="[144,248,1180,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Scanning electron microscope photographs of the siphonal spines of the species comprising the
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFADFFC99CDBFB6634D0FB10" box="[1242,1421,1180,1199]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99CDBFB6634D0FB10" box="[1242,1421,1180,1199]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Pyura stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex. A,
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99968FB413390FB72" bold="true" box="[361,717,1209,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFADFFC99968FB413334FB73" authority="Rius &amp; Teske, 2013" authorityName="Rius &amp; Teske" authorityYear="2013" box="[361,617,1209,1229]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doppelgangera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99968FB413334FB73" bold="true" box="[361,617,1209,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Pyura doppelgangera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E1825FFADFFC99A72FB413390FB72" box="[627,717,1210,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, B,
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFADFFC99AFEFB41329BFB73" box="[767,966,1209,1228]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praeputialis">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99AFEFB41329BFB73" box="[767,966,1209,1228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Pyura praeputialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, C,
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFADFFC99BF9FB4135D9FB73" authorityName="Rius &amp; Teske" authorityYear="2011" box="[1016,1156,1209,1228]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dalbyi">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99BF9FB4135D9FB73" box="[1016,1156,1209,1228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Pyura dalbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, D,
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFADFFC99CB7FB41343BFB73" box="[1206,1382,1209,1228]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herdmani">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99CB7FB41343BFB73" box="[1206,1382,1209,1228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Pyura herdmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, E,
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFADFFC99891FB2C3044FB55" box="[144,281,1239,1258]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99891FB2C3044FB55" box="[144,281,1239,1258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">P. stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars: A = 100 Mm; B, D = 40 Mm; C = 50 Mm; E = 10 Mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFADFFC99891FAC933E1F9C6" blockId="6.[144,759,1330,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">
position of the gonad. The left gonad is inside the gut loop and forms a single row of lobes (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFADFFC99A5DFAAA33EEFAD8" box="[604,691,1361,1383]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-279@7.[164,1445,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The gonoduct on the left side of the body opens
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFADFFC99A8CFA9433AAFA3A" box="[653,759,1391,1413]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7–12 mm</quantity>
away from the first gonadic block and is located next to, but separated from, the anal aperture (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFADFFC99A94FA5733B6FA7C" box="[661,747,1452,1475]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-279@7.[164,1445,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). The gut is located on the left side of the body and forms a sharply curved loop that is followed by an extremely short secondary loop just before the anus (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFADFFC99899F9DC31B2F982" box="[152,239,1575,1597]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-279@7.[164,1445,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The hepatic gland is large and branched and contains two bifurcated hepatic lobes. The anal border has fine edges and no lobes (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFADFFC99A39F99F33EDF9C6" box="[568,688,1636,1658]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-279@7.[164,1445,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFADFFC89891F95A300DF95C" blockId="6.[144,759,1697,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[164,779,1374,1763]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="604" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99891F95A30E5F908" box="[144,440,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Morphological variation:</emphasis>
The examination of
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFADFFC99AE3F959306BF96A" authorityName="Rius &amp; Teske" authorityYear="2013" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doppelgangera">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99AE3F959306BF96A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">P. doppelgangera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens (see
<tableCitation id="C69B4CF7FFADFFC999F1F93B331CF969" box="[496,577,1728,1750]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[144,208,642,663]" captionText="Table 1. Species, sample sites, and geographical details where the specimens of Pyura spp. used for morphological examination were collected. The small morph of Pyura praeputialis is referred to as Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. and the large morph as Pyura praeputialis" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">Table 1</tableCitation>
) revealed some morphological variation. The maximum dorsal length of the specimen (with tunic) is generally no larger than
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFADFFC998D5F8E03078F88E" box="[212,293,1819,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
, with the height ranging from
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFADFFC99AB7F8E03183F8EF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="25.0">25 to 50 mm</quantity>
and the width from
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFADFFC999DCF8C1332BF8EF" box="[477,630,1850,1872]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="15.0">15 to 35 mm</quantity>
. The tunic thickness is variable and can be as tough as that of other representatives of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFADFFC99C96FAC83477FAF8" box="[1175,1322,1330,1352]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFADFFC99C96FAC83477FAF8" box="[1175,1322,1330,1352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="603">P. stolonifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, but some of the specimens examined had an extremely thin and flimsy tunic. Most individuals are aggregated in clumps and some show a short peduncle that appears from the base. The body wall is generally dark purple but it can be orange. The siphons are always dark violet, and there is normally a gradient of colours ranging from orange to purple around the siphons. The body size ranges from
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFADFFC99D53F9DC3229F9E4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" unit="mm" value="34.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="23.0">23 to 45 mm</quantity>
in length,
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFADFFC99C00F9BE35C4F9E4" box="[1025,1177,1605,1627]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="15.0">15 to 32 mm</quantity>
in height, and
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFADFFC99D5CF9BD3229F9C6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="603" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 21 mm</quantity>
in width (as above, size of contracted specimens). There can be from 18 to 33 ramified oral tentacles (with more tentacles in larger individuals than in smaller ones). The branchial formula of the smallest individual found is: RE 5 (9) 2 (10) 2 (11) 2 (15) 2 (14) 1 (13) 2 DL 2 (14) 1 (12) 1 (14) 2 (13) 2 (11) 1 (10) 1 EL, and that of the largest individual is: RE 6 (12) 2 (12) 3 (14) 2 (16) 2 (12) 1 (17) 3 DL 3 (19) 2 (16) 2 (18) 3 (17) 2 (17) 2 (13) 4 EL. Branchial stigmata range from seven to 12 per mesh. The dorsal tubercle is always arranged as a double spiral and in most cases is not granulated. In the few individuals that show granulation, it is considerably less than in
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFACFFC898A5FA223014FA52" box="[164,329,1496,1518]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="604" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praeputialis">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFACFFC898A5FA223014FA52" box="[164,329,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">P. praeputialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The dorsal lamina is short (containing small languets) or non-existent. The dorsal tubercle is between 20 and 90° to the left of the line delineated by the dorsal lamina, but in a few instances it is found 20° to the right. The gonoduct of the right gonad opens
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFACFFC89936F98A30F4F939" box="[311,425,1649,1671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="604" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 6 mm</quantity>
away from the gonad, whereas the gonoduct on the left side of the body is longer (opening approximately
<quantity id="4CE1D4A9FFACFFC899BAF9553378F97B" box="[443,549,1710,1732]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="604" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 mm</quantity>
away from the first gonadic block).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6629C4FFACFFC898A5FB5A3260FA95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="604" startId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" targetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFACFFC898A5FB5A3260FA95" blockId="7.[164,1442,1185,1322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFACFFC898A5FB5A3328FB0A" bold="true" box="[164,629,1185,1205]" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFACFFC89916FB593348FB0B" authority="Rius &amp; Teske, 2013" authorityName="Rius &amp; Teske" authorityYear="2013" box="[279,533,1185,1205]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="604" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doppelgangera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFACFFC89916FB593348FB0B" bold="true" box="[279,533,1185,1205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">Pyura doppelgangera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E1825FFACFFC89A1CFB593328FB0A" box="[541,629,1186,1205]" pageId="7" pageNumber="604" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A- C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFACFFC898A5F906342EFA0F" blockId="7.[164,779,1789,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[826,1441,1373,1457]" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFACFFC898A5F9063052F8AD" box="[164,271,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">Remarks:</emphasis>
There are a number of distinctive internal characters that are unique to this species (
<figureCitation id="132265C9FFACFFC89A89F8E03396F88D" box="[648,715,1819,1842]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-279@7.[164,1445,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5282295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5282295/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The four main ones are: (1) the dorsal tubercle is smooth; (2) the anus has no defined lobes; (3) the digestive track does not have a secondary gut loop or it is short and never curves sharply; (4) the gonoduct on the left side is clearly separated from the anal aperture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFACFFC89B3BFA1A34C1F9ED" blockId="7.[826,1441,1505,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFACFFC89B3BFA1A3291FA49" box="[826,972,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">Distribution:</emphasis>
This species has been found on lower intertidal shores along the entire Tasmanian coast and in northern
<collectingCountry id="F30E39DCFFACFFC89C0CF9E535F0F98B" box="[1037,1197,1566,1588]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, and exclusively on artificial structures in Victoria and South Australia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6794CFFACFFC89B3BF9793406F8D0" blockId="7.[826,1442,1666,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFACFFC89B3BF97932E5F928" box="[826,952,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species is named
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFACFFC89CE1F97834FCF928" authorityName="Rius &amp; Teske" authorityYear="2013" box="[1248,1441,1666,1688]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="604" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doppelgangera">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFACFFC89CE1F97834FCF928" box="[1248,1441,1666,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">P. doppelgangera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after the German word ‘Doppelgänger’, which in its narrowest sense means look-alike (i.e. somebody who closely resembles somebody else). The ending ‘a’ is used to indicate a feminine noun in the nominative singular. The meaning of the name reflects the difficulty of distinguishing this species from
<taxonomicName id="4C1902CFFFACFFC89D8CF8C03299F8D1" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="604" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praeputialis">
<emphasis id="B96DA55EFFACFFC89D8CF8C03299F8D1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="604">P. praeputialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of its similar morphology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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