867 lines
108 KiB
XML
867 lines
108 KiB
XML
<document id="9036B6341454084439F6E43F2FF5754E" ID-CLB-Dataset="31072" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="743df07f-134c-49f1-a341-0e7a4d2ef32c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1135760" ID-ZooBank="986669B0-F9EC-4A2D-8A04-3A9F90BE5C79" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1515148364085" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kallies, Axel & Edwards, Ted" docDate="2018" docId="03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4369.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4369 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synemon arkaroola Kallies & Edwards 2018, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="FF897210AB10C17AFF82FF86D32C592F" masterDocTitle="A new sun moth species from the Flinders Ranges in South Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="292" pageNumber="293" updateTime="1698512393717" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="FF041C0728CE3C43E9DA039A6D1FDE64" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DCF461102B61F5A7A64A7578B701AB4B">
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<mods:title id="747C69DEB29AD40070F9ED617669C30C">A new sun moth species from the Flinders Ranges in South Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="159440ABE419A954E9CE1E7E6CF31672" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E0CE185C18A88F5C663C36C9A3F29599">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D8FC29093BEA079546D32651E6B916F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6DC30CA7A16F909087B0E6797E834413">Kallies, Axel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="14E0111D55E6A9C99229EABCA856A6C6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D2F87F85506D7360152AD2B32E7028CB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="08226A5FAD3E93801127EB626827592D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6F922EE54824CF4B53940C14A44B923E">Edwards, Ted</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="051B77E8A27BD193553BE135AB64AB84">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="98DBD96CF8BA49BF57ACE411BFED8AEB">
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<mods:title id="79624E81CB2DBD7629496DC1BE5C4C12">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3C580B157011E3BC4A906F7B1079C7AB">
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<mods:date id="C1F9F781AD0E4B709FB8E10EC8E7BEAD">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F495DB4EE9F474E7D3F75788100B6F64" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="62434A5338E04B7B78F0F58F1C423D0C">2018-01-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="86B81761C4B91762A847FEE539C346F4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5D1C37211900785913E7C1C04ACFD4AD">4369</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="251CF0095B31D5BEB8D25F01E1FFDD31" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C1892E8C9B28D51557695891B9D216F6">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B68BF7F31E7F184C9E58E8AD0AF17FEF">292</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="7476DA116E44CA8674A2705E27863C39">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8813A093D9788FBA0E6BB310B94203C0" type="CLB-Dataset">31072</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="70AE770E5609E08EB9E977130ACAA757" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1928E457BE2759216CBC2594065A9D78" type="GBIF-Dataset">743df07f-134c-49f1-a341-0e7a4d2ef32c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="40E2FCE3FC80DAC9FEE07D96A7D21B2C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="09C3912664A04C1CC9D077488D40F765" type="Zenodo-Dep">1135760</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FAB88B34D1E4B299325715D58861E9C5" type="ZooBank">986669B0-F9EC-4A2D-8A04-3A9F90BE5C79</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5984699" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139582344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5984699" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
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<subSubSection id="C303E8F5AB11C17BFF15FDECD2605B89" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB11C17BFF15FDECD1285BAB" blockId="1.[151,516,618,678]" box="[151,516,618,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
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<heading id="D0EE0C12AB11C17BFF15FDECD1285BAB" bold="true" box="[151,516,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB11C17BFF15FDECD1285BAB" bold="true" box="[151,516,618,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB11C17BFF15FDECD2A95BAB" authority="Kallies & Edwards, 2018" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,389,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB11C17BFF15FDECD2A95BAB" bold="true" box="[151,389,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Synemon arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EDA17AB11C17BFE0EFDECD1285BAB" box="[396,516,618,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB11C17BFF15FD0BD2605B89" blockId="1.[151,516,618,678]" box="[151,332,653,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB11C17BFF15FD0BD3D65B89" box="[151,250,653,678]" captionStart="FIGURES1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[241,1379,250,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1413,195,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES1–8.Synemon species.1–4. S. arkaroola spec.nov. 1. Male, holotype dorsalside.2. Male, holotype, ventral side.3. Female, paratype, dorsal side. 4. Female, paratype, ventral side. 5–8. S. brontias. 5. Male, dorsal side. 6. Male ventral side. 7. Female, dorsal side.8. Female, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135762/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB11C17BFE84FD08D2085B89" box="[262,292,654,678]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[347,1214,219,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[314,1282,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Synemon species. Male genitalia. 17. S. arkaroola spec. nov., paratypes. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC 11795). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed (ANIC 11831). c. Valva (ANIC 11831). d. Phallus (ANIC 11794).18. S. brontias, Queensland,White Mountains. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC11864). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (ANIC 11863)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135766/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB11C17BFEB2FD08D2605B89" box="[304,332,654,678]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–20" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,209,975]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,997]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–20. Synemon species. Female genitalia. 19. Synemon arkaroola spec. nov. Female genitalia, paratypes. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 11910). c. Lamella antevaginalis, ostium and anterior part of ductus bursae with ductus seminalis (ANIC 11909). 20. S. brontias, Queensland, White Mountains. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 13068)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135768/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">19</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303E8F5AB11C17BFF15FD53D01F5D79" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB11C17BFF15FD53D01F5D79" blockId="1.[151,1437,725,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFF15FD53D7175A3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482755" collectingDate="1993-10-25" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen & No." country="Australia" latitude="-30.283333" location="Arkaroola village" longLatPrecision="1222" longitude="139.36667" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB11C17BFF15FD53D2E95BC1" bold="true" box="[151,453,725,750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A205DCAB11C17BFF15FD53D3FE5BC1" box="[151,210,725,750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A205DCAB11C17BFED3FD53D2EC5BC1" box="[337,448,725,750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFE4FFD50D2CE5BC2" box="[461,482,726,749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB11C17BFE70FD53D1765BC1" box="[498,602,725,750]" captionStart="FIGURES1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[241,1379,250,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1413,195,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES1–8.Synemon species.1–4. S. arkaroola spec.nov. 1. Male, holotype dorsalside.2. Male, holotype, ventral side.3. Female, paratype, dorsal side. 4. Female, paratype, ventral side. 5–8. S. brontias. 5. Male, dorsal side. 6. Male ventral side. 7. Female, dorsal side.8. Female, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135762/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB11C17BFDF3FD53D0095BC1" box="[625,805,725,750]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB11C17BFD39FD53D0095BC1" box="[699,805,725,750]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFCB3FD50D0A15BC1" box="[817,909,726,750]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="-30.283333">30°17’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFC17FD50D72F5BC1" box="[917,1027,726,750]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="139.36667">139°22’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4.2 km NNE
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFB28FD53D65F5BC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFB28FD53D65F5BC1" box="[1194,1395,725,750]" country="Australia" latitude="-30.283333" longLatPrecision="1222" longitude="139.36667" name="Arkaroola village" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" stateProvince="South Australia">Arkaroola village</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB11C17BFA02FD53D22A5A3D" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-25">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFA02FD53D22A5A3D" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-25">25 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFE97FD7CD2ED5A3D" box="[277,449,761,786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">E. D. Edwards</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFE6FFD7CD1A45A3D" box="[493,648,761,786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">E. S. Nielsen</collectorName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0823BBAB11C17BFD3CFD7CD0295A3D" box="[702,773,762,786]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
, database
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFC02FD7CD0865A3E" box="[896,938,762,785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">No.</collectorName>
|
||
31-014584)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFBC8FD7FD0E25A1A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482743" collectingDate="1993-10-25" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen & No." country="Australia" latitude="-30.283333" location="Arkaroola village" longLatPrecision="1222" longitude="139.36667" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-male="16" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB11C17BFBC8FD7FD2755A19" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB11C17BFBC8FD7FD6BB5A3D" box="[1098,1431,761,786]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A205DCAB11C17BFBC8FD7FD7E85A3D" box="[1098,1220,761,786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB11C17BFB56FD7FD6BB5A3D" box="[1236,1431,761,786]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB11C17BFAA7FD7FD6BB5A3D" box="[1317,1431,761,786]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Flinders Ranges
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFEE5FC9BD28E5A1A" box="[359,418,797,821]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="male">16 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as holotype (male gen. 11795, 11831)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFC5BFC9BD6775A76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482745" collectingDate="1993-10-20" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen" country="Australia" latitude="-30.183332" location="Arkaroola Stn" longLatPrecision="1223" longitude="139.28334" municipality="Petalinka Falls" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="14" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFC5BFC9BD7385A1A" box="[985,1044,797,821]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="male">14 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFBA2FC9BD7665A1A" box="[1056,1098,797,821]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFBDAFC9BD79F5A1A" box="[1112,1203,797,821]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="-30.183332">30°11’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFB38FC9BD6045A1A" box="[1210,1320,797,821]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="139.28334">139°17’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC22104AB11C17BFAB6FC9BD3FC5A76" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Petalinka Falls</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFF5FFCC7D2535A76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFF5FFCC7D2535A76" box="[221,383,833,857]" country="Australia" latitude="-30.183332" longLatPrecision="1223" longitude="139.28334" municipality="Petalinka Falls" name="Arkaroola Stn" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia">Arkaroola Stn</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB11C17BFE0CFCC7D1335A76" box="[398,543,833,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-20">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFE0CFCC7D1335A76" box="[398,543,833,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-20">20 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFDAFFCC4D1F85A76" box="[557,724,833,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">E. D. Edwards</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFD7FFCC4D0B85A76" box="[765,916,833,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">E. S. Nielsen</collectorName>
|
||
(wing slide 16601, female gen. 11910)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFAEBFCC7D2E95A52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482756" collectingDate="1993-10-21" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen" country="Australia" latitude="-30.183332" location="Arkaroola Stn" longLatPrecision="1223" longitude="139.28334" municipality="Petalinka Falls" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFAEBFCC7D6BB5A76" box="[1385,1431,833,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB11C17BFEB5FCE3D2E95A52" box="[311,453,869,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-21">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFEB5FCE3D2E95A52" box="[311,453,869,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-21">21 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFE52FCE0D77B5A52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482751" box="[464,1111,869,894]" collectingDate="1993-10-22" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen" country="Australia" latitude="-30.183332" location="Arkaroola Stn" longLatPrecision="1223" longitude="139.28334" municipality="Petalinka Falls" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFE52FCE0D2D15A52" box="[464,509,870,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="male">7 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFD8AFCE3D11E5A52" box="[520,562,869,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB11C17BFD63FCE3D0475A52" box="[737,875,869,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-22">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFD63FCE3D0475A52" box="[737,875,869,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-22">22 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(female gen. 11909)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFBE0FCE3D2CD5A8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482758" collectingDate="1993-10-23" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen" country="Australia" latitude="-30.183332" location="Arkaroola Stn" longLatPrecision="1223" longitude="139.28334" municipality="Petalinka Falls" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="12" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFBE0FCE3D7B05A52" box="[1122,1180,869,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="male">12 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFB2AFCE3D7FE5A52" box="[1192,1234,869,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB11C17BFA02FCE3D22D5A8E" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-23">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFA02FCE3D22D5A8E" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-23">23 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(male gen. 18538)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFE6DFC0FD2925AEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482749" collectingDate="1993-10-24" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen" country="Australia" latitude="-30.283333" location="Arkaroola village" longLatPrecision="1222" longitude="139.35" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="14" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFE6DFC0FD1005A8E" box="[495,556,905,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="male">14 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFDB9FC0FD1445A8E" box="[571,616,905,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFDFBFC0FD1FA5A8E" box="[633,726,905,929]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="-30.283333">30°17’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFD5DFC0FD0615A8E" box="[735,845,905,929]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="139.35">139°21’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1169BAB11C17BFCDEFC0FD0B45A8E" box="[860,920,905,929]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
NNE
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFC67FC0FD79C5A8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFC67FC0FD79C5A8E" box="[997,1200,905,929]" country="Australia" latitude="-30.283333" longLatPrecision="1222" longitude="139.35" name="Arkaroola village" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia">Arkaroola village</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB11C17BFB3CFC0FD67D5A8E" box="[1214,1361,905,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-24">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFB3CFC0FD67D5A8E" box="[1214,1361,905,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-24">24 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFADDFC0CD3D55AEA" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">E. D. Edwards</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFEA0FC28D2925AEA" box="[290,446,941,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">E. S. Nielsen</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFE4EFC2BD1AD5AC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482750" collectingDate="1993-10-26" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen" country="Australia" latitude="-30.516666" location="Gammon Ra." longLatPrecision="1221" longitude="139.3" municipality="Balcanoona Ck" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFE4EFC2BD2D75AEA" box="[460,507,941,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFD88FC2BD11B5AEA" box="[522,567,941,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFDCAFC2BD1885AEA" box="[584,676,941,965]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="-30.516666">30°31’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFD2CFC2BD0305AEA" box="[686,796,941,965]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="139.3">139°18’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC22104AB11C17BFCA8FC2BD0F75AEA" box="[810,987,941,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Balcanoona Ck</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFC68FC2BD7AF5AEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFC68FC2BD7AF5AEA" box="[1002,1155,941,965]" country="Australia" latitude="-30.516666" longLatPrecision="1221" longitude="139.3" municipality="Balcanoona Ck" name="Gammon Ra." pageId="1" pageNumber="293" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia">Gammon Ra.</location>
|
||
NP,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB11C17BFB3CFC2BD67D5AEA" box="[1214,1361,941,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-26">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFB3CFC2BD67D5AEA" box="[1214,1361,941,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1993-10-26">26 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFADDFC28D3D55AC6" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">E. D. Edwards</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFE9EFC54D2815AC6" box="[284,429,977,1001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">E. S. Nielsen</collectorName>
|
||
(male gen. 11794)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFD09FC57D6785D22" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482746" collectingDate="1997-11-06" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & Nos" country="Australia" latitude="-31.666666" location="South Flinders Ra." longLatPrecision="1214" longitude="138.6" municipality="Ulowdna Ck" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCode="ANIC 31-014545, ANIC 31-014633" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFD09FC57D19B5AC6" box="[651,695,977,1001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="male">8 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFD40FC57D0325AC6" box="[706,798,977,1001]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="-31.666666">31°40’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFCA7FC57D0BF5AC6" box="[805,915,977,1001]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="138.6">138°36’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC22104AB11C17BFC1CFC57D7005AC6" box="[926,1068,977,1001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Ulowdna Ck</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
nr HS
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFBF8FC57D6615AC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFBF8FC57D6615AC6" box="[1146,1357,977,1001]" country="Australia" latitude="-31.666666" longLatPrecision="1214" longitude="138.6" municipality="Ulowdna Ck" name="South Flinders Ra." pageId="1" pageNumber="293" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia">South Flinders Ra.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB11C17BFADAFC57D3FE5D22" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1997-11-06">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFADAFC57D3FE5D22" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1997-11-06">6 Nov 1997</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFF61FC70D2BE5D22" box="[227,402,1013,1037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">E. D. Edwards</collectorName>
|
||
(all in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0823BBAB11C17BFE76FC73D1175D22" box="[500,571,1013,1037]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
, database
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFD3BFC70D1CA5D22" box="[697,742,1014,1037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Nos</collectorName>
|
||
range from
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBF1305AB11C17BFC00FC73D7615D22" box="[898,1101,1013,1037]" collectionCode="ANIC" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">ANIC 31-014545</specimenCode>
|
||
to
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBF1305AB11C17BFBFEFC73D6675D22" box="[1148,1355,1013,1037]" collectionCode="ANIC" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">ANIC 31-014633</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; 1 ♂, Yutnamutana Gorge, Arkaroola Stn,
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFDBCFB9FD1FF5D1E" box="[574,723,1049,1073]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="1969-10-23">23 Oct 1969</date>
|
||
, G. F. Gross (SAMA);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB11C17BFC66FB9FD01F5D79" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482760" collectingDate="2004-12-11" collectorName="A. Kallies & D. J. Hilton" country="Australia" latitude="-31.473333" location="Oraparinna" longLatPrecision="121" longitude="138.64333" municipality="Rd" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB11C17BFC66FB9FD73D5D1E" box="[996,1041,1049,1073]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFBA1FB9FD7B85D1E" box="[1059,1172,1049,1073]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="92" value="-31.473333">31°28.4’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB11C17BFB1DFB9FD60D5D1E" box="[1183,1313,1049,1073]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" precision="92" value="138.64333">138°38.6’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC22104AB11C17BFAD9FB9FD6505D1E" box="[1371,1404,1049,1073]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Rd</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
to
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFF15FBBBD2345D79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB11C17BFF15FBBBD2345D79" box="[151,280,1085,1110]" country="Australia" latitude="-31.473333" longLatPrecision="121" longitude="138.64333" municipality="Rd" name="Oraparinna" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" stateProvince="Paratypes. South Australia">Oraparinna</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB11C17BFEA1FBB8D2985D79" box="[291,436,1086,1110]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="2004-12-11">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB11C17BFEA1FBB8D2985D79" box="[291,436,1086,1110]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" value="2004-12-11">11 Dec 2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFE3DFBB8D11C5D79" box="[447,560,1085,1110]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">A. Kallies</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB11C17BFDD6FBB8D1FB5D79" box="[596,727,1085,1110]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">D. J. Hilton</collectorName>
|
||
(CAK).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303E8F5AB11C17FFF45FBE7D2D95E15" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB11C17BFF45FBE7D1615C91" blockId="1.[151,1437,725,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB11C17BFF45FBE7D2B35D55" bold="true" box="[199,415,1121,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB11C17BFE32FBE7D1305D55" box="[432,540,1121,1146]" captionStart="FIGURES1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[241,1379,250,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1413,195,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES1–8.Synemon species.1–4. S. arkaroola spec.nov. 1. Male, holotype dorsalside.2. Male, holotype, ventral side.3. Female, paratype, dorsal side. 4. Female, paratype, ventral side. 5–8. S. brontias. 5. Male, dorsal side. 6. Male ventral side. 7. Female, dorsal side.8. Female, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135762/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1169BAB11C17BFD7AFBE4D0585D56" box="[760,884,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13–18 mm</quantity>
|
||
(average 15.95 mm, n = 10). Head with vertex grey; thick piliform grey scales obscuring black lamellar scales; frons with dense dark grey piliform scales and dense white lamellar scales beside eyes; labial palpi short, porrect, appressed to head, reaching frons, white; haustellum present, coiled; antenna dark grey, narrowly annulated with white, club grey and pale grey above, white and grey beneath, black in anterior third, expanding fairly abruptly, nudum consisting of 9 antennomeres, apiculus small of a single annulus. Thorax above dark grey of mixed dark grey piliform and black lamellar scales, beneath pale grey; legs grey above, yellow grey beneath, epiphysis clothed in minute spinules, inserted just below about half length of fore tibia, short, strong, spine-like, not reaching end of fore tibia, tibial spurs 0-2-4. Abdomen with basal segments dark grey above, remainder brown, T2–T3 with numerous long grey scales, ventrally pale grey with white scales at distal ends of segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB11C17BFF45FA4FD02E5F5D" blockId="1.[151,1437,725,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Forewing with costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, inner margin almost straight. Dorsal side dark grey with markings of white or ash grey; whole wing heavily dusted with ash grey scales; a white patch at end of cell; veins in median area from R4 to CuP black; an ill-defined white post median band extending from R4 to CuA2, crossed by black and grey veins, beyond this a band of dark grey and a subterminal area with a heavy dusting of ash grey scales; termen grey; cilia dark grey.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB11C17BFF45F9FBD1935FF1" blockId="1.[151,1437,725,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Hindwing with termen evenly rounded. Dorsal side dark grey to black, rich orange dot at end of cell, outer half of wing rich orange extending from tip of Rs to tornus; a narrow terminal line dark grey; tornus orange; anal area dark grey at base, orange distally; cilia dark grey.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB11C17BFF45F96FD6B15E65" blockId="1.[151,1437,725,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Forewing ventral side with costa yellow, pale grey towards apex; basal third of wing black, outer two thirds orange; orange patch at end of cell joined to outer two thirds of wing but separating a large black patch beyond end of cell from basal black area; basal black area sharply angled at base of CuA1; narrow terminal line grey; cilia grey.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB11C17BFF45F8D3D6BC5EF5" blockId="1.[151,1437,725,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="293">Hindwing ventral side with costa black with orange scales towards base, basal half black; orange spot at end of cell; a broad post median band of orange spots extending from Rs to tornus, separated from subterminal row by a narrow dark grey line; a subterminal row of orange spots extending from Rs to tornus, separated by black veins and running into the post median band below 1A+2A; tornus orange; anal area orange, grey at base; cilia orange grey.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF66EBF6AB12C178FF15F812D1CA5EC8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135762/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" targetBox="[241,1379,250,1889]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB12C178FF15F812D1CA5EC8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1940,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FF15F812D2165E85" bold="true" box="[151,314,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">FIGURES 1–8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB12C178FEBDF813D2B65E85" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[319,410,1941,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FEBDF813D2B65E85" box="[319,410,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">Synemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FE74F812D10E5E85" bold="true" box="[502,546,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">1–4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB12C178FDAAF813D1895E85" authority="Kallies & Edwards, 2018" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[552,677,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FDAAF813D1895E85" box="[552,677,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">S. arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FD2EF812D0005E85" bold="true" box="[684,812,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EDA17AB12C178FD2EF812D03E5E85" box="[684,786,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male, holotype dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FBCBF812D7705E85" bold="true" box="[1097,1116,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">2.</emphasis>
|
||
Male, holotype, ventral side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FA0BF812D6B75E85" bold="true" box="[1417,1435,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Female, paratype, dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FE4DF835D2CE5EE6" bold="true" box="[463,482,1971,1993]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">4.</emphasis>
|
||
Female, paratype, ventral side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FCA8F835D07A5EE6" bold="true" box="[810,854,1971,1993]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">5–8.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FCDFF835D0FE5EE6" box="[861,978,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB12C178FCDFF835D0E25EE6" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[861,974,1971,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">S. brontias</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FC5AF835D0C75EE6" bold="true" box="[984,1003,1971,1993]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">5.</emphasis>
|
||
Male, dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FB32F835D7EE5EE6" bold="true" box="[1200,1218,1971,1993]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">6.</emphasis>
|
||
Male ventral side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FA0BF835D6B05EE6" bold="true" box="[1417,1436,1971,1993]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">7.</emphasis>
|
||
Female, dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB12C178FEE5F857D2565EC8" bold="true" box="[359,378,2001,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="294">8.</emphasis>
|
||
Female, ventral side. Scale 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF66EBF6AB13C179FF15F81BD1275EDE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135764/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="295" targetBox="[182,1406,289,1906]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB13C179FF15F81BD1275EDE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1949,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FF15F81BD2665E9C" bold="true" box="[151,330,1949,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">FIGURES 9–16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB13C179FED1F818D2835E9C" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[339,431,1950,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FED1F818D2835E9C" box="[339,431,1950,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">Synemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FD93F81BD1665E9C" bold="true" box="[529,586,1949,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">9–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB13C179FDD6F818D1B65E9B" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1850" box="[596,666,1950,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nais">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FDD6F818D1B65E9B" box="[596,666,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">S. nais</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FD28F81BD1915E9C" bold="true" box="[682,701,1949,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">9.</emphasis>
|
||
Male, dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FC09F81BD0865E9C" bold="true" box="[907,938,1949,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">10.</emphasis>
|
||
Male ventral side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FBF8F81BD7BB5E9C" bold="true" box="[1146,1175,1949,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">11.</emphasis>
|
||
Female, dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FAFEF81BD6B05E9C" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1949,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">12.</emphasis>
|
||
Female, ventral side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FEF0F83AD2945EFD" bold="true" box="[370,440,1980,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">13–14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB13C179FE3DF83BD10F5EFD" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[447,547,1980,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theresa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FE3DF83BD10F5EFD" box="[447,547,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">S. theresa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FDB2F83AD17C5EFD" bold="true" box="[560,592,1980,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">13.</emphasis>
|
||
Male, dorsal side. 14. Male, ventral side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FC7DF83AD7695EFD" bold="true" box="[1023,1093,1980,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">15–16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB13C179FBCEF83BD79E5EFD" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[1100,1202,1981,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FBCEF83BD79E5EFD" box="[1100,1202,1981,2002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">S. austera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FB3DF83AD7F35EFD" bold="true" box="[1215,1247,1980,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">15.</emphasis>
|
||
Male, dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB13C179FF15F85DD39A5EDE" bold="true" box="[151,182,2011,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="295">16.</emphasis>
|
||
Male, ventral side. Scale 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF66EBF6AB14C17EFF15F8FAD0345EC0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135766/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="296" targetBox="[347,1214,219,1885]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB14C17EFF15F8FAD0345EC0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1916,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFF15F8FAD2785EBD" bold="true" box="[151,340,1916,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">FIGURES 17–18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB14C17EFED9F8FBD29A5EBD" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[347,438,1917,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFED9F8FBD29A5EBD" box="[347,438,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">Synemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Male genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFD31F8FAD1FF5EBD" bold="true" box="[691,723,1916,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB14C17EFD5BF8FBD07B5EBD" authority="Kallies & Edwards, 2018" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[729,855,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFD5BF8FBD07B5EBD" box="[729,855,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">S. arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EDA17AB14C17EFCDCF8FAD0EA5EBD" box="[862,966,1916,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFCDCF8FAD0EA5EBD" bold="true" box="[862,966,1916,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">spec. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratypes. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC 11795).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFEBEF81DD27C5E9E" bold="true" box="[316,336,1947,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed (ANIC 11831).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFC66F81DD0DA5E9E" bold="true" box="[996,1014,1947,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Valva (ANIC 11831).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFB67F81DD7D65E9E" bold="true" box="[1253,1274,1947,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">d.</emphasis>
|
||
Phallus (ANIC 11794).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFF68F83CD2265EFF" bold="true" box="[234,266,1978,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB14C17EFE92F83DD2505EFF" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[272,380,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFE92F83DD2505EFF" box="[272,380,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Queensland, White Mountains.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFD48F83CD1F05EFF" bold="true" box="[714,732,1978,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC 11864).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFB4AF83CD7F05EFF" bold="true" box="[1224,1244,1978,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFE36F85FD2E95EC0" bold="true" box="[436,453,2009,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Valva.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB14C17EFD90F85FD10A5EC0" bold="true" box="[530,550,2009,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="296">d.</emphasis>
|
||
Phallus (ANIC 11863).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF66EBF6AB15C17FFF15FC7DD7305D42" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135768/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" targetBox="[174,1415,209,975]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB15C17FFF15FC7DD7305D42" blockId="5.[151,1436,1019,1133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFF15FC7DD2745D3E" bold="true" box="[151,344,1019,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">FIGURES 19–20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB15C17FFEE1FC7DD2925D3F" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[355,446,1019,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFEE1FC7DD2925D3F" box="[355,446,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Synemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Female genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFD63FC7DD02D5D3E" bold="true" box="[737,769,1019,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB15C17FFC8EFC7DD0FB5D3E" authority="Kallies & Edwards, 2018" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[780,983,1019,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFC8EFC7DD0FB5D3E" box="[780,983,1019,1041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Synemon arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EDA17AB15C17FFC60FC7DD7615D3E" box="[994,1101,1019,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFC60FC7DD7615D3E" bold="true" box="[994,1101,1019,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">spec. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Female genitalia, paratypes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFA0BFC7DD6B05D3E" bold="true" box="[1417,1436,1019,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Ovipositor distal section.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFE1EFB9FD29D5D00" bold="true" box="[412,433,1049,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 11910).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFBA5FB9FD7145D00" bold="true" box="[1063,1080,1049,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Lamella antevaginalis, ostium and anterior part of ductus bursae with ductus seminalis (ANIC 11909).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFC06FBBED0885D61" bold="true" box="[900,932,1080,1102]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB15C17FFC32FBBFD70F5D61" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[944,1059,1080,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFC32FBBFD70F5D61" box="[944,1059,1080,1102]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Queensland, White Mountains.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFA0BFBBED6B05D61" bold="true" box="[1417,1436,1080,1102]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Ovipositor distal section.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFE19FBD1D2835D42" bold="true" box="[411,431,1111,1133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 13068).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB15C17FFF45FB1FD3E45C49" blockId="5.[151,1437,1177,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFF45FB1FD2325D9D" bold="true" box="[199,286,1177,1202]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB15C17FFEADFB1FD2B45D9D" box="[303,408,1177,1202]" captionStart="FIGURES1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[241,1379,250,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1413,195,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES1–8.Synemon species.1–4. S. arkaroola spec.nov. 1. Male, holotype dorsalside.2. Male, holotype, ventral side.3. Female, paratype, dorsal side. 4. Female, paratype, ventral side. 5–8. S. brontias. 5. Male, dorsal side. 6. Male ventral side. 7. Female, dorsal side.8. Female, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135762/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1169BAB15C17FFDF2FB1FD1C75D9E" box="[624,747,1177,1202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="16.0">16–19 mm</quantity>
|
||
(average 17.9 mm, n = 9). Similar to male, larger, forewing narrower, hindwing with orange streak along costa, orange cell spot larger and extending inwards to base, orange markings more extensive. Forewing ventral side more orange towards base. Hindwing ventral side with costa orange with scattered black scales, orange markings much more extensive than in male, outer half of wing orange with a subterminal row of ill-defined black spots between veins from Sc+R1 to 1A+2A, a narrow black terminal line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB15C17FFF45FAF7D7985CD9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1177,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFF45FAF7D25F5CA5" bold="true" box="[199,371,1393,1418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB15C17FFE01FAF7D2FB5CA5" box="[387,471,1393,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[347,1214,219,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[314,1282,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Synemon species. Male genitalia. 17. S. arkaroola spec. nov., paratypes. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC 11795). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed (ANIC 11831). c. Valva (ANIC 11831). d. Phallus (ANIC 11794).18. S. brontias, Queensland,White Mountains. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC11864). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (ANIC 11863)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135766/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus short, of uniform width with small lateral bumps that are covered with short setae; gnathos arms sclerotised; tegumen broad; saccus with short arms; valva with a short and upturned spine at tip, with numerous short setae; phallus well sclerotised, broadening anteriorly, strongly and evenly curved, apically pointed, anteriorly with phallobase slightly recurved; ductus ejaculatorius longer than phallus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB15C17FFF45F987D7DB5FA9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1177,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFF45F987D2A35F35" bold="true" box="[199,399,1537,1562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB15C17FFE20F987D2D55F35" box="[418,505,1537,1562]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–20" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,209,975]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,997]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–20. Synemon species. Female genitalia. 19. Synemon arkaroola spec. nov. Female genitalia, paratypes. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 11910). c. Lamella antevaginalis, ostium and anterior part of ductus bursae with ductus seminalis (ANIC 11909). 20. S. brontias, Queensland, White Mountains. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 13068)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135768/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales short, pointed sclerotized, with multiple setae; ovipositor long, narrow, extensible, sclerotised, with stout lateral setae towards tip, without any setae at the base; apophyses long, well sclerotised, apophyses anteriores about half length of apophyses posteriores; ostium bursae at posterior edge of S7; ductus bursae long, narrow, straight; corpus bursae large, elongate spherical, without signum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB15C17FFF45F917D2D95E15" blockId="5.[151,1437,1177,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFF45F917D2135F85" bold="true" box="[199,319,1681,1706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
In males, the orange spot in the cell of the hindwing varies in shape from almost round to a short, broad streak; it is usually separated from the outer orange band but occasionally they run into each other. The colour of the outer band of the hind wing can vary from brownish orange to orange to yellowish orange. The forewings are constant in pattern but sometimes the pattern is more or less emphasised. The females show a similar range of variation as the males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303E8F5AB15C17DFF45F8C3D1295BAB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB15C17DFF45F8C3D0D658DA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1177,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1730]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFF45F8C3D2135E71" bold="true" box="[199,319,1861,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB15C17FFECEF8C0D1065E72" authority="Kallies & Edwards, 2018" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[332,554,1861,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFECEF8C0D1065E72" box="[332,554,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Synemon arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EDA17AB15C17FFDBAF8C3D1835E71" box="[568,687,1861,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFDBAF8C3D1835E71" bold="true" box="[568,687,1861,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">spec. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
belongs to a group of grass feeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB15C17FFBF4F8C0D7F55E72" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[1142,1241,1862,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFBF4F8C0D7F55E72" box="[1142,1241,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Synemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that are distributed over the arid zone of the Australian continent. It is easily recognizable by its size and brightly orange marked hindwings. It is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB15C17FFD8DF808D1A85E8A" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[527,644,1933,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFD8DF808D1A85E8A" box="[527,644,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB15C17FFD11F80BD1D95E89" box="[659,757,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[241,1379,250,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1413,195,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES1–8.Synemon species.1–4. S. arkaroola spec.nov. 1. Male, holotype dorsalside.2. Male, holotype, ventral side.3. Female, paratype, dorsal side. 4. Female, paratype, ventral side. 5–8. S. brontias. 5. Male, dorsal side. 6. Male ventral side. 7. Female, dorsal side.8. Female, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135762/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Figs 5–8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB15C17FFC83F808D0325E89" box="[769,798,1934,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[347,1214,219,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[314,1282,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Synemon species. Male genitalia. 17. S. arkaroola spec. nov., paratypes. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC 11795). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed (ANIC 11831). c. Valva (ANIC 11831). d. Phallus (ANIC 11794).18. S. brontias, Queensland,White Mountains. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC11864). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (ANIC 11863)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135766/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB15C17FFCA8F808D05E5E89" box="[810,882,1934,1958]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 19–20" captionStart-1="FIGURES21–23" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1019,1041]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox-0="[174,1415,209,975]" captionTargetBox-1="[356,1172,212,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1436,193,997]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[354,1239,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 19–20. Synemon species. Female genitalia. 19. Synemon arkaroola spec. nov. Female genitalia, paratypes. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 11910). c. Lamella antevaginalis, ostium and anterior part of ductus bursae with ductus seminalis (ANIC 11909). 20. S. brontias, Queensland, White Mountains. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 13068)." captionText-1="FIGURES21–23.S. brontias, syntypes, Western Australia, Carnarvon (BMNH).21. Male.22. Male genitalia.a. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. b. Valva. c. Phallus. 23. Female genitalia. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1135768/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1135770/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">20–23</figureCitation>
|
||
), which was described from Carnarvon in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB15C17FFAC1F808D3D75EE5" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
|
||
Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB15C17FFF15F837D3D75EE5" box="[151,251,1969,1994]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88C68FAB15C17FFE8BF837D28A5EE5" author="Meyrick" box="[265,422,1969,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" refString="Meyrick, E. (1891) Descriptions of New Australian Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 14, 188 - 192 (July), 193 - 199 (Dec.)." type="journal article" year="1891">Meyrick 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but also occurs in the north of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB15C17FFD7FF837D0AE5EE5" box="[765,898,1969,1994]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB15C17FFC79F834D75C5EE5" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[1019,1136,1970,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB15C17FFC79F834D75C5EE5" box="[1019,1136,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller (forewing length of males
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1169BAB15C17FFF79F853D2585EC2" box="[251,372,2005,2030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
, average 14.3 mm, n = 10; females 15–17.5 mm, average 16.1 mm, n = 3; measurements based on material from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFE31FF11D110599F" box="[435,572,151,176]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
), the coloration of the hindwings in the males is pale orange, crossed by distinctly marked veins (deep orange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFDD8FF3AD1C959FB" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[602,741,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFDD8FF3AD1C959FB" box="[602,741,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, without marked veins). Furthermore, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFB34FF3AD60259FB" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[1206,1326,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFB34FF3AD60259FB" box="[1206,1326,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the distal half of the forewing is much lighter, in particular in males. Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFC2AFF66D70D59D7" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[936,1057,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFC2AFF66D70D59D7" box="[936,1057,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack the orange spot in the black basal half of the hindwing while it is very small in females (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFC2AFE82D71F5833" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[936,1075,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFC2AFE82D71F5833" box="[936,1075,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, large in females). In both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFF3AFEAED21E586F" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[184,306,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFF3AFEAED21E586F" box="[184,306,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the black marking on the ventral side of the hindwing are more extensive. Finally, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFA05FEAED3D8584B" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFA05FEAED3D8584B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a distinct row of black subterminal spots on the ventral side of their hindwing, which is lacking or indistinct in
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFEAAFEF6D29158A7" box="[296,445,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFEAAFEF6D29558A7" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[296,441,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola">S. arkaroola</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFD0DFEF6D02658A7" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[655,778,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFD0DFEF6D02658A7" box="[655,778,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFCC7FEF6D0FF58A7" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[837,979,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFCC7FEF6D0FF58A7" box="[837,979,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differ in their genitalia. In male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFA05FEF6D3DF5883" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFA05FEF6D3DF5883" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFE81FE12D2775883" box="[259,347,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[347,1214,219,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[314,1282,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Synemon species. Male genitalia. 17. S. arkaroola spec. nov., paratypes. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC 11795). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed (ANIC 11831). c. Valva (ANIC 11831). d. Phallus (ANIC 11794).18. S. brontias, Queensland,White Mountains. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC11864). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (ANIC 11863)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135766/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFEEAFE12D2AB5883" box="[360,391,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES21–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[356,1172,212,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1239,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES21–23.S. brontias, syntypes, Western Australia, Carnarvon (BMNH).21. Male.22. Male genitalia.a. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. b. Valva. c. Phallus. 23. Female genitalia. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135770/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">22</figureCitation>
|
||
), the uncus is narrower and pointed; the saccus arms are vestigial; the spine at the tip of the valva has a broader base; the phallus is broader and more arched. In female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFC61FE3ED77058FF" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[995,1116,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFC61FE3ED77058FF" box="[995,1116,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFBEBFE31D7EC58FF" box="[1129,1216,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–20" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,209,975]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,997]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–20. Synemon species. Female genitalia. 19. Synemon arkaroola spec. nov. Female genitalia, paratypes. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 11910). c. Lamella antevaginalis, ostium and anterior part of ductus bursae with ductus seminalis (ANIC 11909). 20. S. brontias, Queensland, White Mountains. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae (ANIC 13068)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135768/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFB49FE3ED7C658FF" box="[1227,1258,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES21–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[356,1172,212,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1239,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES21–23.S. brontias, syntypes, Western Australia, Carnarvon (BMNH).21. Male.22. Male genitalia.a. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. b. Valva. c. Phallus. 23. Female genitalia. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135770/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">23</figureCitation>
|
||
), the apophyses anteriores are relatively long, reaching the anterior edge of the corpus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF66EBF6AB16C17CFF15F80BD2B15ECE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135770/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" targetBox="[356,1172,212,1903]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB16C17CFF15F80BD2B15ECE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1933,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFF15F80BD2785E8C" bold="true" box="[151,340,1933,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">FIGURES 21–23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB16C17CFEDBF808D2EB5E8C" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[345,455,1933,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFEDBF808D2EB5E8C" box="[345,455,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">S. brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, syntypes, Western Australia, Carnarvon (BMNH).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFC56F80BD0D85E8C" bold="true" box="[980,1012,1933,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">21.</emphasis>
|
||
Male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFBB9F80BD7775E8C" bold="true" box="[1083,1115,1933,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">22.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFB7DF80BD63E5E8C" bold="true" box="[1279,1298,1933,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFE6CF82AD12E5EED" bold="true" box="[494,514,1964,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Valva.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFDD3F82AD14E5EED" bold="true" box="[593,610,1964,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Phallus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFD40F82AD1CD5EED" bold="true" box="[706,737,1964,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">23.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFC1CF82AD09D5EED" bold="true" box="[926,945,1964,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Ovipositor distal section.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB16C17CFB42F82AD7F85EED" bold="true" box="[1216,1236,1964,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB17C17DFF45FE79D1295BAB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
Other related species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFDB0FD86D1525B38" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1850" box="[562,638,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nais">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFDB0FD86D1525B38" box="[562,638,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. nais</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFD0FFE79D02C5B37" box="[653,768,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,289,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1409,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Synemon species. 9–12. S. nais. 9. Male, dorsal side. 10. Male ventral side. 11. Female, dorsal side. 12. Female, ventral side. 13–14. S. theresa. 13. Male, dorsal side. 14. Male, ventral side. 15–16. S. austera. 15. Male, dorsal side. 16. Male, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 9–12</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFCBDFD86D0815B37" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[831,941,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theresa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFCBDFD86D0815B37" box="[831,941,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. theresa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFC3EFE79D7125B37" box="[956,1086,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,289,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1409,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Synemon species. 9–12. S. nais. 9. Male, dorsal side. 10. Male ventral side. 11. Female, dorsal side. 12. Female, ventral side. 13–14. S. theresa. 13. Male, dorsal side. 14. Male, ventral side. 15–16. S. austera. 15. Male, dorsal side. 16. Male, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), both of which occur in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFAD9FE79D3D25B12" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB17C17DFF15FDA2D3D25B12" box="[151,254,548,573]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFEB1FDA2D28F5B13" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[307,419,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFEB1FDA2D28F5B13" box="[307,419,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. austera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFE30FDA2D11E5B12" box="[434,562,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,289,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1409,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Synemon species. 9–12. S. nais. 9. Male, dorsal side. 10. Male ventral side. 11. Female, dorsal side. 12. Female, ventral side. 13–14. S. theresa. 13. Male, dorsal side. 14. Male, ventral side. 15–16. S. austera. 15. Male, dorsal side. 16. Male, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 15, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
), which occurs near Carnarvon in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFC31FDA3D7575B12" box="[947,1147,548,573]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB17C17DFB96FDA2D7575B12" box="[1044,1147,548,573]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88C68FAB17C17DFB0BFDA2D6075B13" author="Meyrick" box="[1161,1323,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" refString="Meyrick, E. (1891) Descriptions of New Australian Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 14, 188 - 192 (July), 193 - 199 (Dec.)." type="journal article" year="1891">Meyrick 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFF15FDCFD3E55B4F" box="[151,201,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016), can be readily distinguished by their different wing markings. None of these related species occurs in the same habitat as
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFEF0FDEAD1295BAB" box="[370,517,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFEF0FDEAD12D5BAB" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[370,513,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola">S. arkaroola</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303E8F5AB17C17DFF45FD09D6A15AE1" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB17C17DFF45FD09D6225B87" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1730]" box="[199,1294,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFF45FD09D24C5B87" bold="true" box="[199,352,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFEE5FD16D2DE5B87" authority="Kallies & Edwards, 2018" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[359,498,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFEE5FD16D2DE5B87" box="[359,498,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EDA17AB17C17DFE7BFD09D1475B87" box="[505,619,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFE7BFD09D1475B87" bold="true" box="[505,619,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">spec. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is only known from the Flinders Ranges in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFBDAFD09D6265B87" box="[1112,1290,655,680]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB17C17DFB22FD09D6265B87" box="[1184,1290,655,680]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB17C17DFF45FD32D6A15AE1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFF45FD32D2935BE2" bold="true" box="[199,447,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Habitat and Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFE44FD32D17E5BE3" authority="Kallies & Edwards, 2018" authorityName="Kallies & Edwards" authorityYear="2018" box="[454,594,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arkaroola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFE44FD32D17E5BE3" box="[454,594,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">S. arkaroola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EDA17AB17C17DFDD8FD32D1E15BE2" box="[602,717,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFDD8FD32D1E15BE2" bold="true" box="[602,717,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">spec. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was found along dry creek beds where their foodplant, Scented Lemon Grass
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFEBAFD5ED16F5BDF" box="[312,579,728,752]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cymbopogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ambiguus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFEBAFD5ED16F5BDF" box="[312,579,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Cymbopogon ambiguus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, commonly grows. They were also seen on the adjacent arid rocky slopes. Specimens were also found high on a hill side where a porous layer of rock maintained an invisible seepage of moisture. Here, the foodplant was growing thickly in a narrow band coinciding with the rock stratum. Most adult specimens were collected between the 20th of October and the 7th of November; however, a single specimen was collected on the 11th of December, suggesting a more extended flight period at least in some years. The larvae were found in galleries among the roots of the host plant. Based on the fact that small and what appeared to be fully grown larvae were observed together in early December, it is likely that larval development takes at least 2 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303E8F5AB17C17DFF45FC5FD6BA5D71" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB17C17DFF45FC5FD6BA5D71" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFF45FC5FD28B5ADD" bold="true" box="[199,423,985,1010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Derivatio nominis.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name acknowledges the Arkaroola Resort in the northern Flinders Ranges where the moths are found. Run by the Sprigg family, the Resort has made accessible the stark grandeur of the Ranges to many people who would otherwise be unable to see this wonderful region. The name originally derives from Arkaroo, a mythical monster of a dreamtime or creation story by the area’s first people, the Adnyamathanha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303E8F5AB17C17DFF45FBEFD6465C8D" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB17C17DFF45FBEFD6465C8D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB17C17DFF45FBEFD7125D89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482744" collectingDate="1986-10-26" collectionCode="CHECKLIST, AUST" collectorName="Meyrick & Specimen" country="Australia" location="Carnarvon" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFF45FBEFD16A5DAD" bold="true" box="[199,582,1129,1154]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFDD4FBECD0045DAE" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[598,808,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFDD4FBECD0045DAE" box="[598,808,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Synemon brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB17C17DFCC2FBECD0595DAE" box="[832,885,1130,1154]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A205DCAB17C17DFC09FBECD0CE5DAD" box="[907,994,1130,1154]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
‘
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFC74FBECD75D5DAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFC74FBECD75D5DAD" box="[1014,1137,1130,1154]" country="Australia" name="Carnarvon" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Carnarvon</location>
|
||
W.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB17C17DFB33FBEFD6345DAD" box="[1201,1304,1129,1154]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB17C17DFAAAFBEFD6BE5DAD" box="[1320,1426,1129,1154]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1986-10-26">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB17C17DFAAAFBEFD6BE5DAD" box="[1320,1426,1129,1154]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1986-10-26">26/10/86</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
’, ‘
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFF19FB0BD3D35D89" box="[155,255,1165,1190]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Meyrick</collectorName>
|
||
coll. B.M. 1938-290’, ‘
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFD88FB0BD1525D89" box="[522,638,1165,1190]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Specimen</collectorName>
|
||
photographed for
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0823BBAB17C17DFCD3FB08D7125D89" box="[849,1086,1166,1190]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">CHECKLIST AUST</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. LEP Film 60/3’ (BMNH,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFAF2FB0BD39A5DE6" captionStart="FIGURES21–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[356,1172,212,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1239,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES21–23.S. brontias, syntypes, Western Australia, Carnarvon (BMNH).21. Male.22. Male genitalia.a. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. b. Valva. c. Phallus. 23. Female genitalia. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135770/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB17C17DFF49FB37D2C25DC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482759" collectingDate="2004-09-07" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="M. F. Braby & L. Aitchison" country="Australia" elevation="570" latitude="-20.721945" location="White Mountains" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="145.1789" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" specimenCount="18" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="17" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB17C17DFF49FB37D22A5DE6" box="[203,262,1201,1225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="male">17 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB17C17DFE90FB37D2105DE6" box="[274,316,1201,1225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFEC9FB37D2FE5DE6" box="[331,466,1201,1225]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB17C17DFE5FFB37D1445DE6" box="[477,616,1201,1225]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" precision="15" value="-20.721945">20°43’19’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB17C17DFDF6FB37D0235DE6" box="[628,783,1201,1225]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" precision="15" value="145.1789">145°10’44’’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFC99FB37D0F35DE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFC99FB37D0F35DE6" box="[795,991,1201,1225]" country="Australia" latitude="-20.721945" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="145.1789" name="White Mountains" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="Queensland">White Mountains</location>
|
||
NP,
|
||
<elevation id="00345C4DAB17C17DFB97FB37D7725DE6" box="[1045,1118,1201,1225]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" unit="m" value="570.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1169BAB17C17DFB97FB37D7725DE6" box="[1045,1118,1201,1225]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" unit="m" value="570.0">570 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB17C17DFBE8FB34D7C05DE6" box="[1130,1260,1201,1225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="2004-09-07">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB17C17DFBE8FB34D7C05DE6" box="[1130,1260,1201,1225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="2004-09-07">7 Sep 2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFB7AFB34D6525DE6" box="[1272,1406,1201,1225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">M. F. Braby</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFF15FB50D20F5DC2" box="[151,291,1237,1261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">L. Aitchison</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0823BBAB17C17DFEB0FB50D2575DC1" box="[306,379,1238,1262]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFE07FB53D2C95DC2" box="[389,485,1237,1261]" captionStart="FIGURES1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[241,1379,250,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1413,195,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES1–8.Synemon species.1–4. S. arkaroola spec.nov. 1. Male, holotype dorsalside.2. Male, holotype, ventral side.3. Female, paratype, dorsal side. 4. Female, paratype, ventral side. 5–8. S. brontias. 5. Male, dorsal side. 6. Male ventral side. 7. Female, dorsal side.8. Female, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135762/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 5-8</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB17C17DFE78FB53D7D85C3E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482753" collectingDate="1994-09-04" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="M. F. Braby" country="Australia" latitude="-20.7" location="Queensland" longLatPrecision="1266" longitude="145.16667" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB17C17DFE78FB53D10A5DC2" box="[506,550,1237,1261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="male">6 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB17C17DFDB0FB50D1705DC2" box="[562,604,1238,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFDE8FB53D1DD5DC2" box="[618,753,1237,1261]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB17C17DFD7FFB50D0775DC1" box="[765,859,1238,1262]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" precision="925" value="-20.7">20°42’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB17C17DFCE5FB53D0F05DC2" box="[871,988,1237,1261]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" precision="925" value="145.16667">145°10’’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2.2 km N of Microwave Stn, Burra Ra,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB17C17DFF15FB7CD2375C3D" box="[151,283,1274,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1994-09-04">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB17C17DFF15FB7CD2375C3D" box="[151,283,1274,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1994-09-04">4 Sep 1994</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFEAAFB7CD29E5C3D" box="[296,434,1273,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">M. F. Braby</collectorName>
|
||
(male gen. 11863, 11864, female gen. 13068) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0823BBAB17C17DFC56FB7CD7335C3D" box="[980,1055,1274,1298]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFBB1FB7CD7D85C3E" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[1075,1268,1274,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFBB1FB7CD7D85C3E" box="[1075,1268,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Synemon austera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB17C17DFA87FB7CD2A55C76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482754" collectingDate="1992-10-20" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen" country="Australia" latitude="-24.816668" location="9 km NE of Carnarvon" longLatPrecision="1249" longitude="113.71667" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB17C17DFA87FB7CD61F5C3E" box="[1285,1331,1274,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFAC3FB7CD22D5C19" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB17C17DFF15FA9BD22D5C19" box="[151,257,1309,1334]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB17C17DFE89FA98D2455C19" box="[267,361,1310,1334]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" precision="925" value="-24.816668">24°49’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DDDB9AB17C17DFEF7FA98D2CE5C19" box="[373,482,1310,1334]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" precision="925" value="113.71667">113°43’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFE6FFA9BD1C45C19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFE6FFA9BD1C45C19" box="[493,744,1309,1334]" country="Australia" latitude="-24.816668" longLatPrecision="1249" longitude="113.71667" name="9 km NE of Carnarvon" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1169BAB17C17DFE6FFA9BD1325C19" box="[493,542,1309,1334]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" unit="km" value="9.0">9km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Carnarvon
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB17C17DFD71FA98D0535C19" box="[755,895,1310,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1992-10-20">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB17C17DFD71FA98D0535C19" box="[755,895,1310,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1992-10-20">20 Oct 1992</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFC08FA98D7005C19" box="[906,1068,1309,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">E. D. Edwards</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFBCDFA98D7CD5C19" box="[1103,1249,1309,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">E. S. Nielsen</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0823BBAB17C17DFB6DFA98D6145C19" box="[1263,1336,1310,1334]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFAC0FA9BD39A5C75" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,289,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1409,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Synemon species. 9–12. S. nais. 9. Male, dorsal side. 10. Male ventral side. 11. Female, dorsal side. 12. Female, ventral side. 13–14. S. theresa. 13. Male, dorsal side. 14. Male, ventral side. 15–16. S. austera. 15. Male, dorsal side. 16. Male, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 15, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFF49FAC4D2A55C76" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[203,393,1345,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theresa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFF49FAC4D2A55C76" box="[203,393,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Synemon theresa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB17C17DFE1AFAC4D3EA5C52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482757" collectingDate="1938-12-26" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="F. M. Angel" country="Australia" location="Stoneyfell" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB17C17DFE1AFAC4D2E85C76" box="[408,452,1346,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFE53FAC7D1A85C75" box="[465,644,1345,1370]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB17C17DFD98FAC7D1A85C75" box="[538,644,1345,1370]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFD0DFAC7D0295C75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFD0DFAC7D0295C75" box="[655,773,1345,1370]" country="Australia" name="Stoneyfell" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="South Australia">Stoneyfell</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB17C17DFC92FAC7D0855C75" box="[784,937,1345,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1938-12-26">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB17C17DFC92FAC7D0855C75" box="[784,937,1345,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1938-12-26">26. Dec 1938</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFC34FAC4D7125C75" box="[950,1086,1345,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">F. M. Angel</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0823BBAB17C17DFBCEFAC4D7B95C75" box="[1100,1173,1346,1370]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFB23FAC7D60E5C75" box="[1185,1314,1345,1370]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,289,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1409,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Synemon species. 9–12. S. nais. 9. Male, dorsal side. 10. Male ventral side. 11. Female, dorsal side. 12. Female, ventral side. 13–14. S. theresa. 13. Male, dorsal side. 14. Male, ventral side. 15–16. S. austera. 15. Male, dorsal side. 16. Male, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFAB5FAC4D3EA5C52" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nais">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFAB5FAC4D3EA5C52" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Synemon nais</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB17C17DFF57FAE0D6735C51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482752" box="[213,1375,1381,1406]" collectingDate="1993-10-27" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="E. D. Edwards & E. S. Nielsen" country="Australia" location="Walpeup" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB17C17DFF57FAE0D22E5C52" box="[213,258,1382,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFE8CFAE3D2475C52" box="[270,363,1381,1405]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1169BAB17C17DFEF5FAE0D29C5C52" box="[375,432,1381,1406]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
ENE of
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFD97FAE3D1575C52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFD97FAE3D1575C52" box="[533,635,1381,1405]" country="Australia" name="Walpeup" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="Victoria">Walpeup</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB17C17DFD04FAE0D0395C51" box="[646,789,1382,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1993-10-27">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB17C17DFD04FAE0D0395C51" box="[646,789,1382,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1993-10-27">27 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFCA3FAE0D0E95C52" box="[801,965,1381,1405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">E. D. Edwards</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26ECDEA8AB17C17DFC68FAE0D7515C52" box="[1002,1149,1381,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">E. S. Nielsen</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFB0FFAE3D62D5C51" box="[1165,1281,1381,1406]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,289,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1409,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Synemon species. 9–12. S. nais. 9. Male, dorsal side. 10. Male ventral side. 11. Female, dorsal side. 12. Female, ventral side. 13–14. S. theresa. 13. Male, dorsal side. 14. Male, ventral side. 15–16. S. austera. 15. Male, dorsal side. 16. Male, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0823BBAB17C17DFA8FFAE0D67A5C51" box="[1293,1366,1382,1406]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71B123AB17C17DFAE9FAE0D6465C8D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802482747" collectingDate="1968-10-21" collectionCode="ANIC" country="Australia" location="Nundroo" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F70F7AB17C17DFAE9FAE0D6B95C52" box="[1387,1429,1382,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFF15FA0FD2655C8D" box="[151,329,1417,1442]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB17C17DFF5DFA0FD2655C8D" box="[223,329,1417,1442]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1169BAB17C17DFED6FA0CD2AB5C8D" box="[340,391,1417,1442]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4484096" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" unit="mi" value="9.0">9 mi</quantity>
|
||
SE by S of
|
||
<location id="8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFD8FFA0FD15D5C8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B00A68AB11C17DFF15FDECD1F15FED:8EC6EDA5AB17C17DFD8FFA0FD15D5C8D" box="[525,625,1417,1442]" country="Australia" name="Nundroo" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" stateProvince="South Australia">Nundroo</location>
|
||
HS,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE36456AB17C17DFD2BFA0CD01B5C8D" box="[681,823,1417,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1968-10-21">
|
||
<date id="FFA79DBEAB17C17DFD2BFA0CD01B5C8D" box="[681,823,1417,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" value="1968-10-21">21 Oct 1968</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, Britton, Upton & Balderson (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0823BBAB17C17DFB0BFA0CD7FE5C8D" box="[1161,1234,1418,1442]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFB5FFA0FD6705C8D" box="[1245,1372,1417,1442]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,289,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1409,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Synemon species. 9–12. S. nais. 9. Male, dorsal side. 10. Male ventral side. 11. Female, dorsal side. 12. Female, ventral side. 13–14. S. theresa. 13. Male, dorsal side. 14. Male, ventral side. 15–16. S. austera. 15. Male, dorsal side. 16. Male, ventral side.Scale 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303E8F5AB17C17DFF45FA2BD1F15FED" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6BB7EAB17C17DFF45FA2BD1F15FED" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFF45FA2BD21C5CE9" bold="true" box="[199,304,1453,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Remark.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19C0FDAB17C17DFEBAFA28D12E5CEA" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1891" box="[312,514,1453,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brontias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFEBAFA28D12E5CEA" box="[312,514,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Synemon brontias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known only from two disjunct regions. The four
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A205DCAB17C17DFB40FA28D6085CE9" box="[1218,1316,1454,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
and a few additional specimens were collected near Carnarvon,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFC85FA54D0F85CC5" box="[775,980,1489,1514]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">
|
||
Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EFBEEAB17C17DFCEFFA57D0F85CC5" box="[877,980,1489,1514]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88C68FAB17C17DFC64FA57D7A05CC5" author="Meyrick" box="[998,1164,1489,1514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" refString="Meyrick, E. (1891) Descriptions of New Australian Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 14, 188 - 192 (July), 193 - 199 (Dec.)." type="journal article" year="1891">Meyrick 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D676CAB17C17DFA8EFA54D66D5CC6" box="[1292,1345,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016). Another population was discovered in northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD759CAB17C17DFD28FA73D0025F21" box="[682,814,1525,1550]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
by Michael Braby later. Although specimens from both populations are very similar, there are small differences such as the saccus arms (better developed in the genitalia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A205DCAB17C17DFF62F9B8D23C5F79" box="[224,272,1598,1622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens examined) and the spine at the tip of the valva (less pronounced base in the genitalia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A205DCAB17C17DFF15F9E4D3EB5F55" box="[151,199,1634,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens examined, compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFDAFF9E7D1AD5F55" box="[557,641,1633,1658]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[347,1214,219,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[314,1282,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Synemon species. Male genitalia. 17. S. arkaroola spec. nov., paratypes. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC 11795). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed (ANIC 11831). c. Valva (ANIC 11831). d. Phallus (ANIC 11794).18. S. brontias, Queensland,White Mountains. a. Valvae, tegumen, uncus; spread (ANIC11864). b. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. c. Valva. d. Phallus (ANIC 11863)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135766/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 18</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFD3AF9E4D1F45F55" box="[696,728,1634,1658]" captionStart="FIGURES21–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[356,1172,212,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1239,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES21–23.S. brontias, syntypes, Western Australia, Carnarvon (BMNH).21. Male.22. Male genitalia.a. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. b. Valva. c. Phallus. 23. Female genitalia. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135770/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">22</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, important characters are destroyed or not visible in the genitalia preparations of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A205DCAB17C17DFD8AF900D1465FB1" box="[520,618,1670,1694]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322A7FBAB17C17DFDF8F903D1D25FB1" box="[634,766,1669,1694]" captionStart="FIGURES21–23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[356,1172,212,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1239,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES21–23.S. brontias, syntypes, Western Australia, Carnarvon (BMNH).21. Male.22. Male genitalia.a. Lateral view, right valva and phallus removed. b. Valva. c. Phallus. 23. Female genitalia. a. Ovipositor distal section. b. Base of ovipositor, ductus and corpus bursae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1135770/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">Figs 21–23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, more material is needed to determine whether both populations indeed belong to the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |