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<document id="D0F1D5A7B0501AC5ECF34714E72E37BA" ID-CLB-Dataset="298425" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5463.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cbadfbd8-0e9e-49fb-8e86-74fb1ba9b78d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11616124" ID-ZooBank="554A4E10-E39B-4FEB-9844-A9F8716589BF" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718182053618" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Silva, Marcelo Peixoto Gomes Da, Gonçalves, Clayton Corrêa &amp; Takiya, Daniela Maeda" docDate="2024" docId="03AE87E9BD11EF633FB0F8AAFDFDFBEE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5463.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5463 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5463.2.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pandara DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972, stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="250" masterDocId="FF97FF91BD10EF603F27FC6EFFF1FFDB" masterDocTitle="Review of Pandara DeLong &amp; Freytag (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini), raised to generic status, including three new species and an identification key" masterLastPageNumber="261" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="248" updateTime="1718213751429" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7D791449E4073F9897FDAF0C8258FCA8">Review of Pandara DeLong &amp; Freytag (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini), raised to generic status, including three new species and an identification key</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6574BD11EF613FB0F8AAFD42FB04" box="[151,691,1220,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD11EF613FB0F8AAFD42FB04" blockId="1.[151,691,1220,1282]" box="[151,691,1220,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD11EF613FB0F8AAFD42FB04" bold="true" box="[151,691,1220,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD11EF613FB0F8AAFDCDFB05" authority="DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,572,1220,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD11EF613FB0F8AAFF0EFB04" bold="true" box="[151,255,1220,1247]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Pandara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B0EBD11EF613E20F8ABFDCDFB05" author="DeLong, D. M. &amp; Freytag, P. H." box="[263,572,1220,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="158 - 160" refId="ref8358" refString="DeLong, D. M. &amp; Freytag, P. H. (1972) Two new subgenera and two new species of Gyponana (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). The Ohio Journal of Science, 72 (3), 158 - 160." type="journal article" year="1972">DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405796BD11EF613D64F8ABFD42FB04" box="[579,691,1221,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6574BD11EF613FB0F886FC43FA90" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD11EF613FB0F886FEFAFAD9" blockId="1.[151,691,1220,1282]" box="[151,267,1256,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
(
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613FB8F886FEF3FAD9" box="[159,258,1256,1282]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionStartId-4="10.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionStartId-5="11.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,191,1764]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,181,1764]" captionTargetId-0="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetId-1="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetId-2="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetId-4="figure-32@10.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetId-5="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Pandara parallela sp. nov. female paratype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. F, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. G, sternite VII, ventral view. H, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. I, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. J, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. K, second valvula, lateral view. L, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. M, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. N, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–I, K, M = 0.5 mm; J, L, N = 0.2 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Habitus of Pandara species. A─C, Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male holotype (OSUC 0169576). A, dorsal view. B, lateral view. C, specimen labels. D─E, Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. D, dorsal view; E, lateral view. F─G, Pandara inca sp. nov., male holotype. F, dorsal view. G, lateral view. H─I, Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. H, dorsal view. I, lateral view. J─M, Pandara parallela sp. nov., male holotype. J, dorsal view. K, lateral view. female paratype. L, dorsal view. M, lateral view. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616154" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616156" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/11616154/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/11616156/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD11EF613FB0F95EFC43FA90" blockId="1.[151,946,1328,1355]" box="[151,946,1328,1355]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD11EF613E1FF95FFC43FA90" authority="DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1972" box="[312,946,1328,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gyponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleganta" subGenus="Pandara">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD11EF613E1FF95FFE5CFA90" box="[312,429,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Gyponana</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD11EF613E9AF95EFDEEFA91" box="[445,543,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Pandara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD11EF613D08F95EFD7EFA91" box="[559,655,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">eleganta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B0EBD11EF613DB1F95FFC43FA90" author="DeLong, D. M. &amp; Freytag, P. H." box="[662,946,1329,1355]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="158 - 160" refId="ref8358" refString="DeLong, D. M. &amp; Freytag, P. H. (1972) Two new subgenera and two new species of Gyponana (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). The Ohio Journal of Science, 72 (3), 158 - 160." type="journal article" year="1972">DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D6574BD11EF623FB0F916FAFCFE9A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD11EF613FB0F916FC24F899" blockId="1.[151,1437,1400,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD11EF613FB0F916FEE3FA49" bold="true" box="[151,274,1400,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Medium sized and fusiform leafhoppers (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613DC0F916FC9FFA49" box="[743,878,1400,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of Pandara species. A─C, Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male holotype (OSUC 0169576). A, dorsal view. B, lateral view. C, specimen labels. D─E, Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. D, dorsal view; E, lateral view. F─G, Pandara inca sp. nov., male holotype. F, dorsal view. G, lateral view. H─I, Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. H, dorsal view. I, lateral view. J─M, Pandara parallela sp. nov., male holotype. J, dorsal view. K, lateral view. female paratype. L, dorsal view. M, lateral view. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616156/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 6A–M</figureCitation>
); dull yellow, crown (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613B46F916FB4FFA48" box="[1121,1214,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613BEDF917FB1CFA48" box="[1226,1261,1401,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">4A</figureCitation>
) with two pairs of brown maculae, one pair anterior to ocelli and one pair adjacent to posterior margin of the crown; pronotum (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613A4CF9F2FF4DFA00" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613FEFF9AFFF1DFA00" box="[200,236,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">3A</figureCitation>
) with dark punctures; forewing (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613D47F9AEFD4FFA00" box="[608,702,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613DECF9AFFD1EFA00" box="[715,751,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">4D</figureCitation>
) mottled with brown maculae. Head (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613BBBF9AEFB0BFA00" box="[1180,1274,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613A20F9AFFADAFA00" box="[1287,1323,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">2A</figureCitation>
) in dorsal view, moderately produced; median length of crown approximately half of interocular width. Ocelli (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613A20F98AFA95FA24" box="[1287,1380,1508,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613A56F98BFA65FA24" box="[1393,1428,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">4A</figureCitation>
) slightly closer to anterior margin and equidistant from median line and inner margin of eyes. Clypeus (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613A1EFA66FA66F9F8" box="[1337,1431,1544,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613FB0FA43FF48F99C" box="[151,185,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">4B</figureCitation>
) with lateral margins slightly converging to apex. Frontogenal suture (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613CFFFA42FBC4F99C" box="[984,1077,1580,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613B66FA43FB92F99C" box="[1089,1123,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">3B</figureCitation>
) very close to inner margin of the eyes. Crown-face transition (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613D04FA3EFD8FF9B0" box="[547,638,1616,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613DACFA3FFD5DF9B0" box="[651,684,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">2C</figureCitation>
) distinct, thick and striated. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613B40FA3EFB35F9B0" box="[1127,1220,1616,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613BF7FA3FFB02F9B0" box="[1232,1267,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">3D</figureCitation>
) with venation not reticulated; appendix well developed. Male sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613C74FA1AFC5FF954" box="[851,942,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613C9BFA1BFC2DF954" box="[956,988,1653,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">4E</figureCitation>
) wider than long, subrectangular. Male pygofer (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613FD8FAF6FEADF968" box="[255,348,1688,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613E4DFAF7FE7FF968" box="[362,398,1689,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">4H</figureCitation>
) with dorsal margin with small preapical process. Connective (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613B78FAF6FB45F968" box="[1119,1204,1688,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613BE6FAF7FB2AF968" box="[1217,1243,1689,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">3J</figureCitation>
) Y-shaped. Style (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613FB8FAD2FF05F90C" box="[159,244,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 2I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613E25FAD3FEEDF90C" box="[258,284,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">4J</figureCitation>
) with outer lobe well developed, subtriangular; blade (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613CB0FAD2FC07F90C" box="[919,1014,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613B22FAD3FBD9F90C" box="[1029,1064,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">4K</figureCitation>
) elongated, apex expanded with dorsal tooth. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613E83FA8EFDD0F920" box="[420,545,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1L–N</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613D0CFA8FFD82F920" box="[555,627,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">3L–M</figureCitation>
) with shaft long curved anterodorsally, with one or two pair of subapical processes, dorsal pair (DPP), when present, short, spiniform; ventral pair (VPP) usually bifid. Ovipositor with second valvula (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613E6AFB46FE38F898" box="[333,457,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@10.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandara parallela sp. nov. female paratype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. F, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. G, sternite VII, ventral view. H, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. I, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. J, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. K, second valvula, lateral view. L, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. M, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. N, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–I, K, M = 0.5 mm; J, L, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 5K–L</figureCitation>
) with several small dorsal teeth at apical third.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD11EF623FE0FB22FAFCFE9A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1400,2039]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD11EF613FE0FB22FEBEF8BD" bold="true" box="[199,335,1868,1894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Coloration.</emphasis>
Dull yellow (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613EC9FB22FD86F8BD" box="[494,631,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of Pandara species. A─C, Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male holotype (OSUC 0169576). A, dorsal view. B, lateral view. C, specimen labels. D─E, Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. D, dorsal view; E, lateral view. F─G, Pandara inca sp. nov., male holotype. F, dorsal view. G, lateral view. H─I, Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. H, dorsal view. I, lateral view. J─M, Pandara parallela sp. nov., male holotype. J, dorsal view. K, lateral view. female paratype. L, dorsal view. M, lateral view. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616156/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 6A–M</figureCitation>
). Crown (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613DC0FB22FCB4F8BC" box="[743,837,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613C75FB23FC86F8BC" box="[850,887,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613CA3FB22FC56F8BC" box="[900,935,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@10.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandara parallela sp. nov. female paratype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. F, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. G, sternite VII, ventral view. H, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. I, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. J, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. K, second valvula, lateral view. L, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. M, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. N, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–I, K, M = 0.5 mm; J, L, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">5A</figureCitation>
) with two pairs of brown maculae, one pair extending from ocelli to anterior margin of crown, a second pair behind ocelli, adjacent to posterior margin of the crown. Ocelli (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613E1CFBFAFE7BF874" box="[315,394,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Fig 4A</figureCitation>
) light red. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613D5BFBFAFD29F874" box="[636,728,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613DC5FBFBFCF4F874" box="[738,773,1941,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">3A</figureCitation>
) with irregular brown maculae near anterior margin, surface with several dark punctures on disc and posterior third; lateral lobe (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613C84FBD6FC0EF808" box="[931,1023,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613B2AFBD6FBDEF808" box="[1037,1071,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@10.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandara parallela sp. nov. female paratype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. F, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. G, sternite VII, ventral view. H, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. I, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. J, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. K, second valvula, lateral view. L, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. M, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. N, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–I, K, M = 0.5 mm; J, L, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">5C</figureCitation>
) with a dark brown band below dorsopleural carina. Mesonotum (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613D30FBB2FD87F82C" box="[535,630,2012,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD11EF613DA3FBB3FD56F82C" box="[644,679,2013,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">4A</figureCitation>
) with a dark brown longitudinal band at lateral corners. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623FB8FCF9FF0FFF6A" box="[159,254,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623E2CFCF8FEDFFF6A" box="[267,302,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@10.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandara parallela sp. nov. female paratype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. F, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. G, sternite VII, ventral view. H, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. I, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. J, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. K, second valvula, lateral view. L, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. M, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. N, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–I, K, M = 0.5 mm; J, L, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">5D</figureCitation>
) dull yellow subhyaline at basal half and light yellow hyaline at apical half; costal area with a dark brown band extending from base to
<collectingRegion id="49C3F81DBD12EF623D15FCD5FDAFFF0E" box="[562,606,187,213]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">RM</collectingRegion>
vein bifurcation and a large dark brown macula at middle third, between costal margin and R vein; membrane with several small brown and dark brown maculae distributed over the entire length of wing, being more numerous at apical half; veins with apex dark brown; appendix fuscous at basal and apical portion. Legs dull yellow with brown areas. Metatibia with basis of cucullate setae dark brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D6574BD12EF623FE0FD24FA83F9AE" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD12EF623FE0FD24FB03FD16" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623FE0FD24FE84FEBF" bold="true" box="[199,373,330,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Redescription.</emphasis>
Head (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623EE3FD25FDD1FEBE" box="[452,544,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D0CFD25FDA0FEBE" box="[555,593,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4A</figureCitation>
), in dorsal view, with crown moderately produced, median length about half length of interocular width, anterior margin broadly rounded, median portion longer than region adjacent to eyes, surface slightly concave near ocelli, texture with fine transverse parallel striations, more evident near apex; ocelli slightly closer to anterior margin and equidistant from median line and eyes. Head (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623B6CFDD9FB56FE0A" box="[1099,1191,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623B93FDD9FB26FE0A" box="[1204,1239,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">3B</figureCitation>
), in ventral view, with face slightly wider than high; frontogenal suture very close to inner margin of the eyes, extending dorsally above antennal ledge to anterior margin of crown; antennal ledge carinated, obliquely downwards in relation to frons and extending over frons; frons approximately as high as wide; epistomal suture distinct, but incomplete, evanescent medially; clypeus approximately as wide as high; lateral margins slightly converging to apex; rectilinear apex; not inflated; maxillary plate very narrow, produced ventrally as far as clypeus apex; gena with ventrolateral margins slightly convex near eyes. Head (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D53FEE1FD21FD72" box="[628,720,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623DF9FEE1FD0EFD72" box="[734,767,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">3C</figureCitation>
) with crown-face transition defined and thick; with five to seven distinct transverse striae; frons slightly swollen and concave below anterior margin of crown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD12EF623FE0FEB9FB8FFB7A" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623E61FEB9FE54FD2A" box="[326,421,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623E94FEB9FE28FD2A" box="[435,473,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4A</figureCitation>
), in dorsal view, with superficial transverse striae on disc and posterior third; lateral margins convergent anterad; in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623DA9FE95FD1BFCCE" box="[654,746,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623DD0FE95FCEBFCCE" box="[759,794,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">3C</figureCitation>
), rounded and moderately declivous; head and pronotum in continuous slope. Exposed part of mesonotum (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623DFBFF71FCCDFCE2" box="[732,828,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623C6CFF71FC9FFCE2" box="[843,878,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">3A</figureCitation>
) wider than long; in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623BD9FF71FAACFCE2" box="[1278,1373,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623A4CFF71FA7EFCE2" box="[1387,1423,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4C</figureCitation>
), scutellum slightly inflated. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D62FF2DFD52FC86" box="[581,675,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D88FF2CFD22FC86" box="[687,723,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@10.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandara parallela sp. nov. female paratype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. F, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. G, sternite VII, ventral view. H, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. I, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. J, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. K, second valvula, lateral view. L, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. M, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. N, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–I, K, M = 0.5 mm; J, L, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">5D</figureCitation>
) with venation evident, without extra crossveins; cross vein mcu
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positioned anterior to cross vein r-m
<subScript id="178334BABD12EF623D79FF17FD97FC5C" attach="left" box="[606,614,889,903]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">1</subScript>
; appendix well developed and involving first and second apical cells, as wide as maximum width of first apical cell; apex rounded. Profemur four times longer than high; AV row absent, and PV row about four-five setae spaced; AD, PD, and AM row absent except to AD
<subScript id="178334BABD12EF623B1DFFAFFBB3FC14" attach="left" box="[1082,1090,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">1</subScript>
, PD
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, and AM
<subScript id="178334BABD12EF623BC5FFAFFB1BFC14" attach="left" box="[1250,1258,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">1</subScript>
; IC row formed by a lightly arched comb of fine setae at distal half of femur extending to AM
<subScript id="178334BABD12EF623CD1FF8BFC0FFC28" attach="left" box="[1014,1022,997,1011]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">1</subScript>
; protibia approximately triangular in cross section; AV row formed approximately by 13 setae increasing in size towards apex; PD row formed by four long setae spaced along entire length of tibia; PV row developed, with four setae; metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1; metatibia AD row with
<specimenCount id="9D01FD76BD12EF623EC2F851FD6DFB82" box="[485,668,1087,1113]" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" type="intercalary">three intercalary</specimenCount>
setae between macrosetae; PV row with setae of apical half long and heterogeneous in length and thickness; first tarsomere with two rows of setae not cuculate, the outer is remarkably smaller, apex with three-four platellae; second tarsomere apex with three apical platellae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD12EF623FE0F8C5FA80F9F6" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623FE0F8C5FE7CFB1F" bold="true" box="[199,397,1194,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Male terminalia.</emphasis>
Sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D0CF8C5FD73FB1E" box="[555,642,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623DAAF8C5FD5CFB1E" box="[653,685,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">3E</figureCitation>
) subrectangular, wider than long; posterior margin rounded, slightly emarginated medially. Valve (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623EC8F8A1FDB9FB32" box="[495,584,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D7FF8A1FD86FB32" box="[600,631,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4F</figureCitation>
) wider than long; integument thickening on anterior margin. Pygofer (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623FB8F89DFF0EFAD6" box="[159,255,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623E28F89DFEC5FAD6" box="[271,308,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623E64F89DFE96FAD6" box="[323,359,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4G</figureCitation>
) subtriangular, high at base and tapering towards the apex; ventral margin broadly rounded; numerous macrosetae distributed throughout apical half; dorsal margin concave preapically, with small preapical or apical serrated process (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623EEEF955FDD8FA8E" box="[457,553,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D11F955FDACFA8E" box="[566,605,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4H</figureCitation>
). Subgenital plate (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623C1EF955FC63FA8E" box="[825,914,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623CB8F955FC32FA8E" box="[927,963,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4G</figureCitation>
) in lateral view, extending to apical third of pygofer; in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623EFFF931FDDAFAA2" box="[472,555,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D1FF931FDA3FAA2" box="[568,594,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4I</figureCitation>
), elongated; usually widened at the base and gradually narrowing towards the apex Connective (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623EA9F9EDFE12FA46" box="[398,483,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623ED6F9EDFDFBFA46" box="[497,522,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">3J</figureCitation>
) Y-shaped. Style (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623DFCF9EDFCDFFA46" box="[731,814,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,191,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pandara inca sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. G, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. H, subgenital plate, ventral view. I, Connective and styles, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, caudolateral view. L, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–F, H–L = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616130/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 2I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623C1BF9EDFCA4FA46" box="[828,853,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4J</figureCitation>
) in dorsal view, with outer lobe strongly produced, approximately subtriangular; in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623DB0F9C9FD04FA1A" box="[663,757,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623C25F9C9FCD9FA1A" box="[770,808,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4K</figureCitation>
), apophysis elongated and enlarged towards apex; apex blunt with dorsal tooth. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D0CF9A5FD5BFA3E" box="[555,682,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pandara eleganta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. N, aedeagus apex, dorsal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–N = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 1L–N</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D9FF9A5FCF0FA3E" box="[696,769,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,184,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-32@8.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandara indivisa sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, lateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616146/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">3L–M</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623C28F9A5FCA7FA3E" box="[783,854,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandara parallela sp. nov. male holotype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, sternite VIII, ventral view. F, valve, ventral view. G, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. H, right pygofer lobe, dorsal view. I, subgenital plate, ventral view. J, Connective and styles, dorsal view. K, style, lateral view. L, aedeagus, caudolateral view. M, aedeagus, caudal view. DPP: dorsal preapical process. VPP-dr: ventral preapical process, dorsal ramus. VPP-vr: ventral preapical process, ventral ramus. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–G, I–M = 0.5 mm; H = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">4L–M</figureCitation>
) without atrial processes; preatrium reduced; shaft dorsoventrally flattened, sometimes cylindrical, elongated and curved anterodorsally; with one or two pairs of preapical processes, dorsal pair (DPP) short or elongate and spiniform, ventral pair (VPP), when present, bifid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD12EF623FE0FA59FA83F9AE" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623FE0FA59FE59F98B" bold="true" box="[199,424,1590,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Female terminalia.</emphasis>
Ovipositor (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623D13FA59FD58F98A" box="[564,681,1590,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@10.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandara parallela sp. nov. female paratype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. F, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. G, sternite VII, ventral view. H, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. I, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. J, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. K, second valvula, lateral view. L, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. M, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. N, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–I, K, M = 0.5 mm; J, L, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 5E–F</figureCitation>
) not surpassing apex of pygofer. Internal sternite VIII membranous. Second valvula (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623E75FA35FE3CF9AE" box="[338,461,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-32@10.[151,1436,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandara parallela sp. nov. female paratype. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. F, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. G, sternite VII, ventral view. H, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. I, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. J, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. K, second valvula, lateral view. L, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. M, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. N, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D = 2 mm; E–I, K, M = 0.5 mm; J, L, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Figs 5K–L</figureCitation>
) with dorsal protuberance at basal half; apical third with several small dorsal teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D6574BD12EF633FE0FA10FDABFD2B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD12EF623FE0FA10FAB5F942" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,1348,1662,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623FE0FA10FE90F943" bold="true" box="[199,353,1662,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD12EF623E40FA11FE48F942" box="[359,441,1663,1689]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49C3F81DBD12EF623EEEFA11FDBBF942" box="[457,586,1663,1689]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD12EF623D79FA11FD53F942" box="[606,674,1663,1689]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Amazonas);
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD12EF623C66FA11FC1BF942" box="[833,1002,1663,1689]" name="French Guiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
; and
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD12EF623B02FA11FBA9F942" box="[1061,1112,1663,1689]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49C3F81DBD12EF623B40FA11FB13F942" box="[1127,1250,1663,1689]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C3F81DBD12EF623BCAFA11FAC9F942" box="[1261,1336,1663,1689]" country="Peru" name="Cusco" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Cusco</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD12EF633FE0FACDFE06FEC6" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623FE0FACDFEE0F966" bold="true" box="[199,273,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623E3AFACDFE8EF966" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1972" box="[285,383,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623E3AFACDFE8EF966" box="[285,383,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Pandara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623CAFFACDFC0CF966" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1920" box="[904,1021,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gyponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623CAFFACDFC0CF966" box="[904,1021,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Gyponana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, differences between the
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623FB0FAA9FEA5F93A" box="[151,340,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623FB0FAA9FF08F93A" box="[151,249,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Pandara</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and the other
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623EDAFAA9FD83F93A" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1920" box="[509,626,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gyponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623EDAFAA9FD83F93A" box="[509,626,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Gyponana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are notable. Firstly, they differ in geographic distribution. While most
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623FB0FA85FE92F8DE" box="[151,355,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623FB0FA85FEFDF8DE" box="[151,268,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Gyponana</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are distributed in Central and North America (except for
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623CC4FA85FBC5F8DF" authorityName="Delong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1964" box="[995,1076,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" genus="Zerana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623CC4FA85FBC5F8DF" box="[995,1076,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Zerana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623B6CFA85FAF4F8DE" box="[1099,1285,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623B6CFA85FB5CF8DE" box="[1099,1197,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Pandara</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are restricted to South America (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD12EF623E51FB61FE4FF8F2" box="[374,446,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-32@12.[151,1436,181,1473]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geographical distribution of Pandara species in different ecological regions of South America." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Secondly,
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623D68FB61FCD1F8F2" box="[591,800,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623D68FB61FD35F8F2" box="[591,708,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Gyponana</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are mostly completely green (yellow when preserved) without distinct spots or some species with orange longitudinal stripes on pronotum. While in
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623B8FFB5DFA90F896" box="[1192,1377,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623B8FFB5DFAFBF896" box="[1192,1290,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Pandara</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have a constant color pattern, with two dark pairs of maculae on the crown, dark punctures on the pronotum and mottled brown maculae on forewings. In
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623D24FB15FD89F84E" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1920" box="[515,632,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gyponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623D24FB15FD89F84E" box="[515,632,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Gyponana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the forewing frequently has reticulate venation and a reduced appendix, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623FDAFBF1FEAEF862" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1972" box="[253,351,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623FDAFBF1FEAEF862" box="[253,351,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Pandara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
venation is not reticulate and the appendix is well developed. In relation to the male genitalia, there are also some differences: in
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD12EF623D06FBADFD67F806" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1920" box="[545,662,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gyponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD12EF623D06FBADFD67F806" box="[545,662,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Gyponana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pygofer does not have processes on the dorsal margin, the styles have reduced or poorly projected lateral lobes and the apex usually foot-shaped, and the aedeagus generally has an apical pair of unbranched processes, each not bifurcated. In
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633C41FCD5FC39FF0E" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1972" box="[870,968,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633C41FCD5FC39FF0E" box="[870,968,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pygofer bears a lobiform process on the dorsal margin, the style has an expanded apical portion with a blunt apex, and the aedeagus bears subapical processes, each generally bifid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD13EF633FE0FD49FE0AFDE6" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
Furthermore, in an unpublished phylogeny of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633D90FD49FCD0FE9A" box="[695,801,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gyponini">Gyponini</taxonomicName>
based in based on 182 morphological characters combined with sequence data (28S and 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I), recovered
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633B5FFD25FB2BFEBE" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1972" box="[1144,1242,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633B5FFD25FB2BFEBE" box="[1144,1242,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as monophyletic with moderate support, separated from other
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633D86FD01FC81FE52" box="[673,880,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633D86FD01FCE7FE52" box="[673,790,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Gyponana</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and forming a clade with representatives of the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633FCFFDFDFE1FFE76" authority="DeLong, 1980" authorityName="DeLong" authorityYear="1980" box="[232,494,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nullana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633FCFFDFDFEB3FE76" box="[232,322,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Nullana</emphasis>
DeLong, 1980
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633EDFFDFDFC76FE76" authority="DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1975" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1975" box="[504,903,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Regalana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633EDFFDFDFD92FE76" box="[504,611,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Regalana</emphasis>
DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1975
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633CE7FDFDFB36FE76" authority="DeLong, 1980" authorityName="DeLong" authorityYear="1980" box="[960,1223,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Alapona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633CE7FDFDFBEEFE76" box="[960,1055,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Alapona</emphasis>
DeLong, 1980
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B0EBD13EF633BF2FDFDFA60FE76" author="Goncalves, C. C." box="[1237,1425,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" refId="ref8734" refString="Goncalves, C. C. (2016) Analise filogenetica de Gyponini Stal, 1870 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae). PhD Thesis, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, xxiii + 290 pp." type="book" year="2016">Gonçalves 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, these genera have morphological characteristics similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633C48FDD9FBDAFE0A" box="[879,1067,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633C48FDD9FC20FE0A" box="[879,977,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, for example: crown with parallel striations; crown-face transition distinct with five or more striae, forewing with non-reticulated venation, membrane covered by mottled dark maculae and well-developed appendix; connective Y-shaped; and style with well-produced lateral lobes, except in
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633EBDFE4DFE05FDE6" authorityName="DeLong" authorityYear="1980" box="[410,500,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nullana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633EBDFE4DFE05FDE6" box="[410,500,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Nullana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD13EF633FE0FE29FB2EFD5E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
Considering the phylogenetic results and clear morphological differences between species of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633A20FE29FA98FDBA" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1972" box="[1287,1385,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633A20FE29FA98FDBA" box="[1287,1385,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and species of the other subgenera of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633D29FE05FD72FD5E" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1920" box="[526,643,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gyponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633D29FE05FD72FD5E" box="[526,643,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Gyponana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we propose herein to elevate
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633CFFFE05FBCBFD5E" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1972" box="[984,1082,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633CFFFE05FBCBFD5E" box="[984,1082,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to genus rank.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD13EF633FB0FEB8FDABFD2B" blockId="3.[151,602,726,753]" box="[151,602,726,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633FB0FEB8FDABFD2B" bold="true" box="[151,602,726,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633E3DFEB8FE73FD2A" authorityName="Silva &amp; Gonçalves &amp; Takiya" authorityYear="2024" box="[282,386,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633E3DFEB8FE73FD2A" bold="true" box="[282,386,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405796BD13EF633EAEFEB9FE08FD2A" box="[393,505,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD13EF633D2FFEB8FDA0FD2B" box="[520,593,726,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-32@12.[151,1436,181,1473]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geographical distribution of Pandara species in different ecological regions of South America." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616160/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D6574BD13EF633FB0FF71FD92FC86" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD13EF633FB0FF71FC48FCE2" blockId="3.[151,953,799,933]" box="[151,953,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1711D1BD13EF633FB0FF71FC48FCE2" box="[151,953,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA610EEBD13EF633FB0FF71FD4FFCE2" author="DeLong, D. M. &amp; Freytag, P. H." box="[151,702,799,825]" page="160" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" year="1972">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633FB0FF71FD4FFCE2" ID-CoL="3HXMP" authority="DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 160" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,702,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleganta">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633FB0FF71FE91FCE2" box="[151,352,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara eleganta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B0EBD13EF633E4FFF71FD4FFCE2" author="DeLong, D. M. &amp; Freytag, P. H." box="[360,702,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" pagination="158 - 160" refId="ref8358" refString="DeLong, D. M. &amp; Freytag, P. H. (1972) Two new subgenera and two new species of Gyponana (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). The Ohio Journal of Science, 72 (3), 158 - 160." type="journal article" year="1972">DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 160</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD13EF633DEEFF71FCEAFCE2" box="[713,795,799,825]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49C3F81DBD13EF633C0CFF71FC5DFCE2" box="[811,940,799,825]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD13EF633FB0FF2DFD92FC86" blockId="3.[151,953,799,933]" box="[151,611,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633FB0FF2DFEC1FC87" authority="Silva &amp; Gonçalves &amp; Takiya, 2024" authorityName="Silva &amp; Gonçalves &amp; Takiya" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,304,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633FB0FF2DFEC1FC87" box="[151,304,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633E10FF2DFE60FC86" bold="true" box="[311,401,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405796BD13EF633E10FF2DFE60FC86" box="[311,401,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD13EF633EBFFF2DFE3AFC86" box="[408,459,835,861]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49C3F81DBD13EF633EFDFF2DFDA6FC86" box="[474,599,835,861]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D6574BD13EF633FB0FF09FDFDFBEE" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD13EF633FB0FF09FCA0FC5A" blockId="3.[151,953,799,933]" box="[151,849,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633FB0FF09FEA8FC5A" authority="Silva &amp; Gonçalves &amp; Takiya, 2024" authorityName="Silva &amp; Gonçalves &amp; Takiya" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,345,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indivisa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633FB0FF09FEA8FC5A" box="[151,345,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara indivisa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633E47FF09FE48FC5A" bold="true" box="[352,441,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405796BD13EF633E47FF09FE48FC5A" box="[352,441,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD13EF633EE7FF09FDE3FC5A" box="[448,530,871,897]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49C3F81DBD13EF633D06FF09FD52FC5A" box="[545,675,871,897]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD13EF633D90FF09FD1BFC5A" box="[695,746,871,897]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49C3F81DBD13EF633DDEFF09FCB4FC5A" box="[761,837,871,897]" country="Peru" name="Cusco" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Cusco</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD13EF633FB0FFE5FCAEFC7E" blockId="3.[151,953,799,933]" box="[151,863,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633FB0FFE5FE96FC7E" authority="Silva &amp; Gonçalves &amp; Takiya, 2024" authorityName="Silva &amp; Gonçalves &amp; Takiya" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,359,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Pandara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633FB0FFE5FE96FC7E" box="[151,359,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara parallela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633E49FFE5FE36FC7E" bold="true" box="[366,455,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405796BD13EF633E49FFE5FE36FC7E" box="[366,455,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD13EF633EE9FFE5FDE3FC7E" box="[462,530,907,933]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Amazonas);
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD13EF633D96FFE5FCAAFC7E" box="[689,859,907,933]" name="French Guiana" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB836FFBD13EF633FB0FFBDFDFDFBEE" blockId="3.[151,1437,979,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D7CBD13EF633FB0FFBDFEA0FC36" box="[151,337,979,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B973EAEDBD13EF633FB0FFBDFF08FC36" box="[151,249,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Pandara</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
occur in very different biomes in South America (
<figureCitation id="133C2A7ABD13EF633CA4FFBDFC36FC36" box="[899,967,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-32@12.[151,1436,181,1473]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geographical distribution of Pandara species in different ecological regions of South America." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11616160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11616160/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), such as the Cerrado savannah in Central
<collectingCountry id="F310766FBD13EF633FB0FF99FF1CFBCA" box="[151,237,1015,1041]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="250">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
; moist tropical forests, such as the Amazonian rainforest and Guianan Eastern Lowland; and cloud forests such North-Central Moist Andes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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