222 lines
25 KiB
XML
222 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="8F7C1DC6A4663D182AC60F760044B31D">
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<mods:title id="93B1BA95F1575334CD67653E505A1F92">Spalacidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A1E52375E2DA7DA719D700C2BB83A91">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E86BD4C22560D3FDD4BFD0B6CDB8B0AE">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D1C5B0E442663C97751DD521062FB1C">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="42D0DE421BA450FCB23B1D5F029E6A20">2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="407289245B3947D121EEA4F82DB98967">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="38B9C180011514F619E3E22B9D2C4982">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AE87DDFF95BD19FF32F8FDF660FBA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608883" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195728740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6608883" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87DDFF95BD19FF32F8FDF660FBA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87DDFF95BD19FF32F8FDF660FBA0" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FF32F8FDFF75F8DA" box="[181,238,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FF32F8FDFF75F8DA" blockId="9.[179,1197,1858,1984]" box="[181,238,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF95BD19FF32F8FDFF75F8DA" box="[181,238,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<figureCitation id="133C2A4EFF95BD19FF32F8FDFF75F8DA" box="[181,238,1858,1904]" captionStart="Plate 5: Spalacidae" captionStartId="2.[102,132,3298,3323]" captionTargetBox="[14,2754,13,3646]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Altai Zokor (Myospalax myospalax), 2. Steppe Zokor (Myospalax aspalax), 3. Armand’s Zokor (Mpyospalax armandii), 4. Manchurian Zokor (Myospalax psilurus), 5. Khingan Zokor (Myospalax epsilanus), 6. Fontanier’s Zokor (FEospalax fontaniern), 7. Gansu Zokor (Fospalax cansus), 8. Qinling Zokor (Fospalax rufescens), 9. Plateau Zokor (FEospalax bailey), 10. Rothschild’s Zokor (Eospalax rothschildi), 11. Smith’s Zokor (Eospalax smithu), 12. Chinese Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys sinensis), 13. Hoary Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys pruinosus), 14. Indomalayan Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys sumatrensis), 15. Lesser Bamboo Rat (Cannomys badius), 16. African Root Rat (Tachyoryctes splendens), 17. Giant Root Rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), 18. Oltenia Blind Mole-rat (Spalax istricus), 19. Mehely’s Blind Mole-rat (Spalax antiquus), 20. Bukovina Blind Mole-rat (Spalax graecus), 21. Podolsk Blind Mole-rat (Spalax zemni), 22. Sandy Blind Mole-rat (Spalax arenarius), 23. Greater Blind Mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus), 24. Giant Blind Mole-rat (Spalax giganteus), 25. Kazakhstan Blind Mole-rat (Spalax uralensis), 26. Lesser Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax leucodon), 27. Anatolian Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax xanthodon), 28. Middle East Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax ehrenbergi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6609169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6609169/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">20.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FF78F8FDFD64F8DA" box="[255,767,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FF78F8FDFD64F8DA" blockId="9.[179,1197,1858,1984]" box="[255,767,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF95BD19FF78F8FDFD64F8DA" box="[255,767,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF95BD19FF78F8FDFD64F8DA" box="[255,767,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Bukovina Blind Mole-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FCB5F8FDFBD2F8DA" box="[818,1097,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FCB5F8FDFBD2F8DA" blockId="9.[179,1197,1858,1984]" box="[818,1097,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF95BD19FCB5F8FDFBD2F8DA" box="[818,1097,1858,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FCB5F8FDFBD2F8DA" ID-CoL="4YDYV" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[818,1097,1858,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FCB5F8FDFBD2F8DA" box="[818,1097,1858,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Spalax graecus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FF33F83EFCAFF814" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FF33F83EFB37F83C" blockId="9.[179,1197,1858,1984]" box="[180,1196,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF95BD19FF33F83EFB37F83C" box="[180,1196,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FF33F83EFE9BF83C" bold="true" box="[180,256,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">French:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FE8EF83EFE50F83C" authority="de Bucovine" authorityName="de Bucovine" box="[265,459,1921,1942]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF95BD19FE8EF83EFE50F83C" box="[265,459,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Spalax de Bucovine</vernacularName>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FE66F83EFDA0F83C" bold="true" box="[481,571,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF95BD19FDC2F83EFC8DF83C" box="[581,790,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Bukowina-Blindmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FCACF83EFC1DF83C" bold="true" box="[811,902,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF95BD19FC17F83EFB37F83C" box="[912,1196,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Rata topo ciega de Bucovina</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FF33F816FCAFF814" blockId="9.[179,1197,1858,1984]" box="[180,820,1961,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF95BD19FF33F816FCAFF814" box="[180,820,1961,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FF33F816FE30F814" bold="true" box="[180,427,1961,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF95BD19FE32F816FD10F814" box="[437,651,1961,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Balkan Blind Mole-rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF95BD19FD1EF816FCAFF814" box="[665,820,1961,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Balkan Mole-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FC9FF850FAFEF7A6" box="[792,1381,2031,2060]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FC9FF850FAFEF7A6" blockId="9.[791,1385,2031,2453]" box="[792,1381,2031,2060]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FC9FF850FC28F7A6" bold="true" box="[792,947,2031,2060]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FC43F850FAFAF7A6" ID-CoL="4YDYV" authority="Nehring, 1898" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[964,1377,2031,2060]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">Spalax graecus Nehring, 1898</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FC90F7A5FAFEF728" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FC90F7A5FAFEF728" blockId="9.[791,1385,2031,2453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6F3C96FF95BD19FC90F7A5FAFEF728" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802165302" country="Ukraine" location="Chernovtsy" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bukovina Region">
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vicinity of Athens, Greece. Corrected by V. A. Topachevskii in 1969 to the vicinity of
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<location id="8ED86010FF95BD19FCB9F7D6FC41F728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87DDFF95BD19FF32F8FDF660FBA0:8ED86010FF95BD19FCB9F7D6FC41F728" box="[830,986,2153,2178]" country="Ukraine" name="Chernovtsy" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bukovina Region">Chernovtsy</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F829FF95BD19FC6DF7D6FB46F728" box="[1002,1245,2153,2178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Bukovina Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F310765BFF95BD19FB6AF7D6FAFAF728" box="[1261,1377,2153,2178]" name="Ukraine" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FC9DF737FE55F529" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FC9DF737FE55F529" blockId="9.[791,1385,2031,2453]" lastBlockId="9.[181,1387,2460,3478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FC9DF737FC74F703" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[794,1007,2184,2217]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">Spalax graecus</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FC9DF70BFC07F77B" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[794,924,2228,2257]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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species group that is characterized by elongated nasal bones and higher position of sella externa of the mandible relative to sella interna and is supported by mitochondrial data. It was traditionally united with S.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FBADF6CBFB1EF63F" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" box="[1066,1157,2420,2453]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">istricus</taxonomicName>
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and S. antiquus into a single species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FD86F623FD09F617" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[513,658,2460,2493]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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). In an analysis of mtDNA, A. Németh and colleagues in 2013 demonstrated that
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FD34F67BFCAFF64F" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[691,820,2500,2533]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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and S. antiqguus exhibited considerable genetic divergence that was comparable to species-level differences among other
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FF30F5ADFE8AF599" box="[183,273,2578,2611]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Spalax</taxonomicName>
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. They also demonstrated clear morphological differences among
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FB5AF5ADFAF9F599" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[1245,1378,2578,2611]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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, S. antiquus, and S.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FE4CF586FDBDF5F0" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" box="[459,550,2617,2650]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">istricus</taxonomicName>
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that lead them to conclude that these represent distinct species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FF32F536FC80F500" box="[181,795,2697,2730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="multiple">
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||
<caption id="DF786643FF95BD19FF32F536FC80F500" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6609147" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6609147" box="[181,795,2697,2730]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6609147/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" targetBox="[177,769,2037,2452]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FF32F536FC80F500" blockId="9.[181,1387,2460,3478]" box="[181,795,2697,2730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FF32F536FEFEF500" bold="true" box="[181,357,2697,2730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SW Ukraine and NE Romania.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FF32F50FFC3DF43C" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FF32F50FFC3DF43C" blockId="9.[181,1387,2460,3478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
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||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FF32F50FFE36F57B" bold="true" box="[181,429,2736,2769]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 217-280 mm, no visible external tail; weight 415-700 g. Bukovina Blind Mole-rat has soft and moderately long fur. Most of dorsal surface is butt, and venter and head are grayish. According to Németh and colleagues in 2013, the Bukovina Blind Mole-rat differs from other members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FBF1F499FB62F4ED" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" box="[1142,1273,2854,2887]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graecus">S. graecus</taxonomicName>
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species group in having nasals that extend posteriorly beyond premaxilla and a flat bottom of incisura corono-alveolaris. Diploid numberis 2n = 62.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FF31F423FC52F329" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FF31F423FC52F329" blockId="9.[181,1387,2460,3478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FF31F423FEBFF417" bold="true" box="[182,292,2972,3005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Strands of perennial grasses, steppes, and agricultural fields in the hilly Bukovina region of Romania and Ukraine. The Bukovina Blind Mole-rat can occur in roadsides, pastures, beet and potato fields, gardens, and forest edge but not deep forest. Itis currently known from 13 localities, bordered on the east by the Prut River and on the west by the Carpathian Mountains. Ecological niche modeling suggests that suitable habitat may be found at elevations of 39-848 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FF31F337FD37F2ED" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FF31F337FD37F2ED" blockId="9.[181,1387,2460,3478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FF31F337FE20F303" bold="true" box="[182,443,3208,3241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Bukovina Blind Mole-rat feeds on a variety of plants including dropwort (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FED5F30BFE7CF37B" box="[338,487,3252,3281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Filipendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Filipendula</taxonomicName>
|
||
hexapetala,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FD0BF30BFC88F37B" box="[652,787,3252,3281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), yarrow (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FC21F30BFB95F37B" box="[934,1038,3252,3281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Achillea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Achillea</taxonomicName>
|
||
millefolium,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FB3CF30BFAC2F37B" box="[1211,1369,3252,3281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), plantain (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FEC7F368FE2EF352" box="[320,437,3287,3320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plantago</taxonomicName>
|
||
media,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FD9FF368FD6AF352" box="[536,753,3287,3320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Plantaginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), couch grass (Elytrigia repens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FB14F368FA97F352" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[1171,1292,3287,3320]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), comfrey (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FE87F340FE0DF28A" box="[256,406,3327,3360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Symphytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Symphytum</taxonomicName>
|
||
officinale,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FDA3F340FD73F28A" box="[548,744,3327,3360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and chicory (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FC38F340FBDDF28A" box="[959,1094,3327,3360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cichorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cichorium</taxonomicName>
|
||
intybus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19FB3CF340FAC1F28A" box="[1211,1370,3327,3360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Winter food stores weigh 0.4-12 kg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FF31F2F2F693FEC1" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FF31F2F2F693FEC1" blockId="9.[181,1387,2460,3478]" lastBlockId="9.[1451,2659,290,1038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FF31F2F2FEA7F2C4" bold="true" box="[182,316,3405,3438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female Bukovina Blind Mole-rats breed in their second year. Breeding activity begins in January, peaks in February, and can continue into March. Females will give birth to 2—4 young in March-April. Young weigh 18-20 g and are weaned after c.3 weeks. They disperse aboveground in late April through May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FA2CFECDF81EFE39" box="[1451,1925,370,403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FA2CFECDF81EFE39" blockId="9.[1451,2659,290,1038]" box="[1451,1925,370,403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FA2CFECDF90CFE39" bold="true" box="[1451,1687,370,403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FA2AFE26F834FD64" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FA2AFE26F834FD64" blockId="9.[1451,2659,290,1038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FA2AFE26F7E8FE10" bold="true" box="[1453,2163,409,442]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Bukovina Blind Mole-rats are solitary. Burrows are constructed in relatively dry soil and usually reach maximum depths of 1 m (up to 3-5 m). Feeding tunnels occur at depths of 20-25 cm in spring and summer and 30-35 cm in winter. One or two nest chambers and multiple toilet and storage chambers are present. In the past, densities had been recorded at 1-10 ind/ ha in agricultural areas but up to 23 ind/ha under more natural conditions. Current densities in agricultural areas are closer to 0-2-2 ind/ha. Predators include foxes, mustelids, and, when dispersing, raptors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FA29FD6BF809FC10" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FA29FD6BF809FC10" blockId="9.[1451,2659,290,1038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FA29FD6BF890FD5F" bold="true" box="[1454,1803,724,757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The assessment includes the Oltenia Blind Mole-rat (S.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF95BD19F7E3FD44F727FCB6" authorityName="Mehely" authorityYear="1909" box="[2148,2236,763,796]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="istricus">istricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Mehely’s Blind Mole-rat (S. antiquus). It has a small range of occupancy and has not been recorded in Romania since the 1960s or in Ukraine over the last 20-40 years. Additional conservation assessment of the Bukovina Blind Mole-rat separate from the Oltenia Blind Mole-rat and Mehely’s Blind Mole-rat is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF95BD19FA29FC76F660FBA0" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF95BD19FA29FC76F660FBA0" blockId="9.[1451,2659,290,1038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF95BD19FA29FC76F9DCFC48" bold="true" box="[1454,1607,969,994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Chisamera et al. (2014), Hadid et al. (2012), Krystufek (1999a), Musser & Carleton (2005), Méhely (1909), Németh et al. (2013), Puzachenko (2016b), Topachevskii (1969), Zagorodnyuk & Coroiu (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |