353 lines
44 KiB
XML
353 lines
44 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B3BBDAFA343A5624C87F97BA5A2794A0">Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0BF774466DAE3D2E2E7A639A0233E5CB">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DA430657537180BE07A18D35EDFDB35C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6F826E958D03A3B6B6D36503FD2BE889">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03ADE350B160FFFEF1CFFEC88BE6CF39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6308481" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6308481" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADE350B160FFFEF1CFFEC88BE6CF39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ADE350B160FFFEF1CFFEC88BE6CF39" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB160FFF9F1CFFEC88AC5CD10" box="[151,655,347,374]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F1CFFEC88AC5CD10" blockId="115.[151,655,347,406]" box="[151,655,347,374]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<heading id="D0F3E52AB160FFF9F1CFFEC88AC5CD10" bold="true" box="[151,655,347,374]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F1CFFEC88AC5CD10" bold="true" box="[151,655,347,374]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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39.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F19BFECF8AC5CD10" ID-CoL="4H86M" authority="(Vari, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[195,655,347,374]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F19BFECF89B8CD13" bold="true" box="[195,498,348,374]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Phyllonorycter didymopa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B160FFF9F35AFEC88ACDCD10" author="Vari" box="[514,647,347,373]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB160FFF9F1CFFEED89DDCDF3" box="[151,407,382,406]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F1CFFEED89DDCDF3" blockId="115.[151,655,347,406]" box="[151,407,382,406]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B160FFF9F1C7FEED8955CDF3" box="[159,287,382,406]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–86" captionStartId="201.[151,264,1820,1843]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-137@201.[226,1361,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="201" captionText="FIGURES 81–86. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 81, Phyllonorycter didymopa, holotype 6494♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.i.1955, in TMSA. 82, Phyllonorycter didymopa, ♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.xi.2004, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003287. 83, Phyllonorycter loxozona, holotype ♀, Uganda, Busunju, 02.x.1935, leg. H.C. Taylor, in BMNH. 84, Phyllonorycter loxozona, ♀, South Africa, Rustenburg, 10–17.xi.1976, leg. Potgieter & Molekane, in TMSA. 85, Phyllonorycter madagascariensis, holotype, Antananarivo, leg. R. Paulian. The drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the original description and the drawing of Viette (1949: 175–176, fig. 5). 86, Phyllonorycter aarviki, holotype ♀, Tanzania, Morogoro, 25.iii.1992, leg. L. Aarvik, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004128." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052185/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Figs 81, 82</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B160FFF9F073FEED8912CDF3" box="[299,344,382,406]" captionStart="FIGURES 330–331" captionStartId="260.[151,263,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[275,1326,187,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-53@260.[243,1345,179,1919]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURES 330–331. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 330, Phyllonorycter ruizivorus, paratype, genitalia prep. 32528, in BMNH. 331, Phyllonorycter didymopa, holotype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. Vári 7169, in TMSA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052439/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">331</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B160FFF9F03BFEED89C5CDF3" box="[355,399,382,406]" captionStart="FIGURES 379–390" captionStartId="274.[151,263,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[226,1357,205,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-70@274.[218,1369,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURES 379–390. Distribution of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 379, Phyllonorycter brachylaenae. 380, Phyllonorycter dombeyae. 381, Phyllonorycter hibiscina. 382, Phyllonorycter ipomoellus. 383, Phyllonorycter turensis. 384, Phyllonorycter hibiscola. 385, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi. 386, Phyllonorycter albertinus. 387, Phyllonorycter caudasimplex. 388, Phyllonorycter leucaspis. 389, Phyllonorycter ololua. 390, Phyllonorycter didymopa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052491/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">390</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB160FFF9F1CFFE548AFBCE7C" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F1CFFE548AFCCDB9" blockId="115.[151,1436,454,537]" box="[151,694,454,477]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB147568B160FFF9F1CFFE548AFCCDB9" box="[151,694,454,477]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F1CFFE5489CACDB8" authorityName="Vári" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,384,455,477]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F1CFFE5489CACDB8" box="[151,384,455,477]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Lithocolletis didymopa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B160FFF9F0C1FE558A76CDB9" author="Vari, L." box="[409,572,454,476]" page="223" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B160FFF9F0C1FE558A76CDB9" author="Vari" box="[409,572,454,476]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="223" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961: 223</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 105: 6).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F1CFFE768AFBCE7C" blockId="115.[151,1436,454,537]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB147568B160FFF9F1CFFE768AFBCE7C" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F1CFFE7689D2CD9E" ID-CoL="4H86M" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[151,408,485,507]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F1CFFE7689D2CD9E" box="[151,408,485,507]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Phyllonorycter didymopa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B160FFF9F0EAFE768AE2CD9E" author="Vari, L. & Kroon, D." box="[434,680,485,507]" page="28" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B160FFF9F0EAFE768AE2CD9E" author="Vari & Kroon" box="[434,680,485,507]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="28" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref201567" refString="Vari, L. & Kroon, D. (1986) Southern African Lepidoptera. A series of cross-referenced indices. Lepidopterists Society of Southern Africa and the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, 198 pp." type="book" year="1986">Vári & Kroon (1986: 28</bibRefCitation>
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, 136, 157),
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B160FFF9F247FE758B80CD9E" author="Kroon, D. M." box="[799,970,485,507]" page="24" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B160FFF9F247FE758B80CD9E" author="Kroon" box="[799,970,485,507]" firstAuthor="Kroon" page="24" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref195458" refString="Kroon, D. M. (1999) Lepidoptera of Southern Africa: host-plants and other associations. Sasolburg Litho (Pty) Ltd., 160 1 - 48 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">Kroon (1999: 24</bibRefCitation>
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, 101, 152),
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B160FFF9F518FE768D06CD9E" author="Dall'Asta, U. & De Prins, J. & De Prins, W." box="[1088,1356,485,507]" page="33" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B160FFF9F518FE768D06CD9E" author="Dall'Asta" box="[1088,1356,485,507]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dall'Asta" page="33" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref191504" refString="Dall'Asta, U., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2001) Preliminary checklist of Gracillariidae of the Afrotropical Region. Zoologische Documentatie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgie, 25, 48 pp." type="book" year="2001">
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Dall’Asta
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F5F1FE758C9FCD9E" box="[1193,1237,485,507]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al</emphasis>
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. (2001: 33)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B160FFF9F40FFE768918CE7C" author="Vari, L. & Kroon, D. M. & Kruger, M." page="26" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B160FFF9F40FFE768918CE7C" author="Vari" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vari" page="26" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref201604" refString="Vari, L., Kroon, D. M. & Kruger, M. (2002) Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Africa. Simple Solutions, Chatswood, xxi + 385 pp." type="book" year="2002">Vári et al. (2002: 26)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B160FFF9F004FD978AE7CE7C" author="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J." box="[348,685,515,537]" page="288" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B160FFF9F004FD978AE7CE7C" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[348,685,515,537]" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="288" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins (2005: 288)</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB160FFF9F1CFFDD58949CFC6" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F1CFFDD58949CFC6" blockId="115.[151,1440,582,2011]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F1CFFDD5895BCE3A" bold="true" box="[151,273,582,607]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F041FDD58A72CE3B" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[281,568,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F041FDD58A72CE3B" box="[281,568,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Phyllonorycter didymopa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F252FDD48BC6CE3B" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[778,908,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F252FDD48BC6CE3B" box="[778,908,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. loxozona</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F29DFDD48CE6CE3B" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[965,1196,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F29DFDD48CE6CE3B" box="[965,1196,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, but the shape of the second fascia helps to separate the first two: in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F3FBFDF88B66CEE6" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[675,812,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F3FBFDF88B66CEE6" box="[675,812,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. didymopa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
the second fascia is gently tapering whereas it is bulbed in
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F1E4FD1C8907CEC3" box="[188,333,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F1E4FD1C8903CEC3" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[188,329,654,678]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">P. loxozona</taxonomicName>
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.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Some subtle differences in the margins of the fasciae help separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F5F5FD1C8D0ACEC3" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1197,1344,654,678]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F5F5FD1C8D0ACEC3" box="[1197,1344,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. didymopa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F4DFFD1C892BCEAE" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F4DFFD1C892BCEAE" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although these characters are very subtle and can be examined on fresh specimens only.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F1CFFD4589FCCE8B" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[151,438,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F1CFFD4589FCCE8B" box="[151,438,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Phyllonorycter didymopa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F0B6FD448A9FCE8B" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[494,725,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F0B6FD448A9FCE8B" box="[494,725,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are best separated geographically and by their host plants (see diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F06DFD688A68CF76" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[309,546,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F06DFD688A68CF76" box="[309,546,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F234FD688BB7CF76" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[876,1021,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F234FD688BB7CF76" box="[876,1021,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. didymopa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not show specific outstanding characters, except the long tubular antrum. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F244FC8C8BE3CF53" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[796,937,798,822]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F244FC8C8BE3CF53" box="[796,937,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. didymopa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess simple sterigma, without cuticular sclerotizations, signum on corpus bursae absent. However, the combination of female genitalic characters makes this species easily distinguishable from the externally similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F204FCF48B94CF1B" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[860,990,870,894]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F204FCF48B94CF1B" box="[860,990,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For further details see diagnosis of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F4DFFCF48949CFC6" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F4DFFCF4894ACFC6" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">P. loxozona</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB160FFF9F19FFC3D8B3BC883" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F19FFC3D8912C86B" blockId="115.[151,1440,582,2011]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F19FFC3D89FECFA2" bold="true" box="[199,436,942,967]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB160FFF9F0E5FC3D8912C86B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736380" collectingDate="1955-01-16" collectionCode="TMSA" country="South Africa" location="Pretoria" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Saltpan" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F0E5FC3D8A6ECFA3" box="[445,548,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BFECE4B160FFF9F0E5FC3D8A6ECFA3" box="[445,548,942,966]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0299CFB160FFF9F36EFC3C8A01CFA3" box="[566,587,943,966]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F33DFC3D8B48CFA2" bold="true" box="[613,770,942,967]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31312D6B160FFF9F33DFC3D8B48CFA2" box="[613,770,942,967]" name="South Africa" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: [1] ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C09CA4B160FFF9F21BFC3D8BD6CFA3" box="[835,924,942,966]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Saltpan</collectingRegion>
|
||
[Tswaing] /
|
||
<location id="8EDB049DB160FFF9F56BFC3D8CC6CFA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADE350B160FFFEF1CFFEC88BE6CF39:8EDB049DB160FFF9F56BFC3D8CC6CFA3" box="[1075,1164,942,966]" country="South Africa" name="Pretoria" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" stateProvince="Saltpan">Pretoria</location>
|
||
Dist[rict]. /
|
||
<date id="FFBA7486B160FFF9F478FC3D8DC3CFA3" box="[1312,1417,942,966]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" value="1955-01-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFE8D6EB160FFF9F478FC3D8DC3CFA3" box="[1312,1417,942,966]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" value="1955-01-16">16.i.1955</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/ Ac[quisition]. no.: 1500’; [2] ‘16’; [3] ‘G[enitalia]. / 7169’; [4] ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F23EFC408BB8CF8E" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[870,1010,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F23EFC408BB8CF8E" box="[870,1010,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Lithocolletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F55FFC408CE4CF8F" authority="Vari" authorityName="Vari" box="[1031,1198,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F55FFC408C3CCF8E" box="[1031,1142,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">didymopa</emphasis>
|
||
Vári
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ ♀ HOLOTYPE No 6494’, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B160FFF9F05BFC65891EC86B" box="[259,340,1014,1038]" collectionName="South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Transvaal Museum" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">TMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F19FFB888943C81F" blockId="115.[151,1440,582,2011]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB160FFF9F19FFB888943C81F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736587" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F19FFB888964C857" box="[199,302,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||
: ♀ (including ♀ genitalia preparation).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F243FB898BC8C856" bold="true" box="[795,898,1050,1075]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Namibia</emphasis>
|
||
: Abachaus [Abaehaus], S.W.A. [South West Africa], Mar[ch][19]43, [leg.] G. Hobohm; G[enitalia] 7794;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F21CFBAD8C34C833" authority="Vari" authorityName="Vari" box="[836,1150,1086,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F21CFBAD8C0CC833" box="[836,1094,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Lithocolletis didymopa</emphasis>
|
||
Vári
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀ PARATYPE No 6495, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B160FFF9F1ECFBF1894FC81F" box="[180,261,1122,1146]" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">TMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F19FFB158B3BC883" blockId="115.[151,1440,582,2011]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F19FFB1589E6C8FB" box="[199,428,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB160FFF9F09CFB158B27C883" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736442" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F09CFB158A2CC8FA" bold="true" box="[452,614,1158,1183]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">South Africa</emphasis>
|
||
: 1♀: Gauteng 1100 m, Tswaing Crater Reserve, 25°24’S 28°05’E, 16.xi.2004, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B160FFF9F396FB398B6AC8A7" box="[718,800,1194,1218]" country="Belgium" name="Royal Museum for Central Africa" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="Museum">RMCA</collectionCode>
|
||
ENT 000003287, gen. prep. De Prins 3700♀ (MRAC/ KMMA 00402), in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B160FFF9F02AFB5D8982C883" box="[370,456,1230,1254]" country="Belgium" name="Royal Museum for Central Africa" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="Museum">RMCA</collectionCode>
|
||
, DNA voucher CLV15407, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B160FFF9F245FB5D8B27C883" box="[797,877,1230,1254]" country="Brazil" name="Crustacean Collection of the Department of Biology" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">CCDB</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB160FFFEF19FFB618D6CCDAA" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F19FFB618BF8C96F" blockId="115.[151,1440,582,2011]" box="[199,946,1266,1291]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F19FFB61893EC96E" bold="true" box="[199,372,1266,1291]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" reason="1">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F023FB6089F2C96E" box="[379,440,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B160FFF9F09EFB618A03C96F" box="[454,585,1266,1290]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–86" captionStartId="201.[151,264,1820,1843]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-137@201.[226,1361,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="201" captionText="FIGURES 81–86. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 81, Phyllonorycter didymopa, holotype 6494♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.i.1955, in TMSA. 82, Phyllonorycter didymopa, ♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.xi.2004, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003287. 83, Phyllonorycter loxozona, holotype ♀, Uganda, Busunju, 02.x.1935, leg. H.C. Taylor, in BMNH. 84, Phyllonorycter loxozona, ♀, South Africa, Rustenburg, 10–17.xi.1976, leg. Potgieter & Molekane, in TMSA. 85, Phyllonorycter madagascariensis, holotype, Antananarivo, leg. R. Paulian. The drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the original description and the drawing of Viette (1949: 175–176, fig. 5). 86, Phyllonorycter aarviki, holotype ♀, Tanzania, Morogoro, 25.iii.1992, leg. L. Aarvik, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004128." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052185/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Figs 81, 82</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length: 2.9–3.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F19FFA858A6CC9FF" blockId="115.[151,1440,582,2011]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F19FFA858947C94B" box="[199,269,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Vertex tufted with white piliform scales intermixed with brown ochreous, more abundant posteriorly; frons shiny white. Labial palpus white with a few fuscous scales apically. Antenna shorter than forewing, weakly ringed by sequence of light fuscous and light ochreous scales, pedicel light golden; antennal scape dirty white anteriorly and ochreous posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F19FFA358B85CB0B" blockId="115.[151,1440,582,2011]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F19FFA358952C9DB" box="[199,280,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: White, tegula ochreous anteriorly and white posteriorly. Forewing elongate, ground colour ochreous brown with white markings consisting of basal streak, two fasciae, one costal strigula and one dorsal strigula; basal streak short 1/10 of forewing, parallel to costa, edged posteriorly, first fascia close to wing base, obliquely directed towards apex, slightly tapering, blunt at costa, fine edged apically with row of black scales, second fascia at 1/2 slightly oblique towards apex, broader at dorsum and slightly tapering towards costa, blunt at costa, edged on both sides with row of black scales, costal strigula at 3/4 triangular, not reaching midline of forewing, edged basally, dorsal strigula opposite costal strigula, larger than costal, triangular, reaching midline of forewing, edged on both sides. Irroration of blackish scales separates costal and dorsal strigulae, and extends from apical to tornal sectors; a elongate white patch at apical sector; fringe as long as width of forewing, light with golden metallic shine. Hindwing light, beige with long light beige, slightly shiny fringe. Fore leg light fuscous, mid-femur dirty white, mid-tibia dirty white with two ochreous patches, mid-tarsus white, with terminal tarsomere ochreous; hind femur white with ochreous median patch, hind tibia white, median and apical spurs white with ochreous patches subapically, hind tarsus dirty white, tarsomeres I–II with ochreous apices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F19FF8E889A5CBF7" blockId="115.[151,1440,582,2011]" box="[199,495,1914,1939]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F19FF8E88920CBF6" box="[199,362,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFFEF19FF80D89B7CD01" blockId="115.[151,1440,582,2011]" lastBlockId="116.[151,1436,151,860]" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F19FF80D89CCCBD3" box="[199,390,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B160FFF9F0CDF80D89B3CBD3" box="[405,505,1950,1974]" captionStart="FIGURES 330–331" captionStartId="260.[151,263,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[275,1326,187,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-53@260.[243,1345,179,1919]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURES 330–331. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 330, Phyllonorycter ruizivorus, paratype, genitalia prep. 32528, in BMNH. 331, Phyllonorycter didymopa, holotype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. Vári 7169, in TMSA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052439/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fig. 331</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales connected dorsally, rounded, as wide as long, weakly sclerotized, covered with scarce short setae, basal bar very narrow a little wider at basal of posterior apophyses, weakly sclerotized. Posterior apophyses sclerotized, smoothly tapering towards sharply pointed apices which reaching posterior margin of segment VII. Segment VIII weakly sclerotized, short, weakly connected with segment VII. Anterior apophyses slightly shorter and more slender than posterior ones, equally slender, sharply pointed, starting at posterior 1/3 of segment VII and reaching its anterior edge. Ostium bursae located at middle of segment VII, antrum cylindrical ca. half as long as segment VII, sclerotized, ductus bursae moderate in length, corpus bursae small, membranous, no signum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FFEFC8984CDC9" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FFEFC890BCDED" bold="true" box="[199,321,367,392]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" reason="1">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The two female specimens known do not show any variation except a slight difference in ground colour shading of forewing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FFE248D6CCDAA" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,860]" box="[199,1318,439,464]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FFE2489C2CDB5" bold="true" box="[199,392,439,464]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">DNA sequences.</emphasis>
|
||
A COI barcode is available (Molecular sample code: Pdid [
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9457CFA5B167FFFEF57FFE248CD1CDAA" box="[1063,1179,439,463]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JX888178" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">JX888178</accessionNumber>
|
||
];
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68667FDB167FFFEF5EBFE248D5CCDAA" box="[1203,1302,439,463]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[150,238,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,1147,1973]" captionText="TABLE 1. Notable historical publications of Lithocolletinae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7B02CEB114FF8DF1CEFBD18B6EC83C" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" tableUuid="DF7B02CEB114FF8DF1CEFBD18B6EC83C">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB167FFFEF19FFE488C9ECF71" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FFE488B78CE72" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FFE488960CD91" bold="true" box="[199,298,475,500]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" reason="1">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Mines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF0FCFE4E8A7ACD91" box="[420,560,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF0FCFE4E8A7ACD91" box="[420,560,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. didymopa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found together with mines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF28CFE4E8C12CD91" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[980,1112,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF28CFE4E8C12CD91" box="[980,1112,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Vári, unpublished note No 1500 in manuscript notebook from 06/01/1955; 1961: 223).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FFDB78B6ACE3A" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FFDB7893BCE59" bold="true" box="[199,369,547,572]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" reason="1">Host plant(s).</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF0D9FDB789B4CE59" box="[385,510,548,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF349FDB78BAECE59" authority="(Hochst) Planch." authorityName="Planch." baseAuthorityName="Hochst" box="[529,996,548,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF349FDB78B5BCE59" box="[529,785,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Dombeya rotundifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Hochst) Planch.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF558FDB78CF4CE59" author="Vari" box="[1024,1214,548,572]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="223" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári 1961: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF58BFDB78DDDCE59" author="Kroon" box="[1235,1431,548,572]" firstAuthor="Kroon" page="24" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref195458" refString="Kroon, D. M. (1999) Lepidoptera of Southern Africa: host-plants and other associations. Sasolburg Litho (Pty) Ltd., 160 1 - 48 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">Kroon 1999: 24</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF1CFFDD489E4CE3A" author="Dall'Asta" box="[151,430,583,608]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dall'Asta" page="33" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref191504" refString="Dall'Asta, U., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2001) Preliminary checklist of Gracillariidae of the Afrotropical Region. Zoologische Documentatie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgie, 25, 48 pp." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Dall’Asta
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF053FDDA8976CE05" box="[267,316,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001: 33
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF0E2FDDB8B51CE3A" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[442,795,583,607]" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="288" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins 2005: 288</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FFDF8896DCE8A" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FFDF88946CEE1" bold="true" box="[199,268,619,644]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Mine.</emphasis>
|
||
A long narrow gallery, mainly along the margin of the leaf; which later swells into a gall-like swelling near the petiole of the leaf; mines cannot be separated from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF2FDFD028C6CCECD" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[933,1062,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF2FDFD028C6CCECD" box="[933,1062,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF56EFD1C8CADCEC2" author="Vari" box="[1078,1255,655,679]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="223" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári 1961: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF5ABFD038907CEA9" author="De Prins & De Prins" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="288" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins 2005: 288</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The mining period lasts ca. 10 days (Vári, unpublished note No 1500 in manuscript notebook of 06/01/1955).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FFD688C9ECF71" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,860]" box="[199,1236,763,788]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FFD688920CF71" bold="true" box="[199,362,763,788]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" reason="1">Flight period.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens were reared from mines collected in mid-January and mid-March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB167FFFEF19FFC8C8BE6CF39" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FFC8C8BE6CF39" blockId="116.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FFC8C892ACF5D" bold="true" box="[199,352,799,824]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B167FFFEF037FC8C899BCF52" box="[367,465,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 379–390" captionStartId="274.[151,263,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[226,1357,205,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-70@274.[218,1369,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURES 379–390. Distribution of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 379, Phyllonorycter brachylaenae. 380, Phyllonorycter dombeyae. 381, Phyllonorycter hibiscina. 382, Phyllonorycter ipomoellus. 383, Phyllonorycter turensis. 384, Phyllonorycter hibiscola. 385, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi. 386, Phyllonorycter albertinus. 387, Phyllonorycter caudasimplex. 388, Phyllonorycter leucaspis. 389, Phyllonorycter ololua. 390, Phyllonorycter didymopa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052491/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Fig. 390</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is recorded only from two localities south of 19°S: Abachaus in Namibia and Saltpan [present name Tswaing] in South Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF3A8FCD78BD5CF39" author="Vari" box="[752,927,836,860]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="223" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári 1961: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |