189 lines
16 KiB
XML
189 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" approvalRequired="392" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="1" approvalRequired_for_matCits="49" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="120" approvalRequired_for_treatments="222" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFF2F61C89B2379FFCA1F4F9" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Dobsonia crenulata K. Andersen 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1656519960238" updateUser="diego">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Pteropodidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>16</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>162</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6448815</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6449006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6449006" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFF2F61C89B2379FFCA1F4F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFF2F61C89B2379FFCA1F4F9" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[172,229,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[171,1364,899,982]" box="[172,229,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<heading box="[172,229,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[172,229,899,941]" captionStart="Plate 5: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="45.[123,153,3243,3268]" captionTargetBox="[12,2751,17,3662]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="73. Lesser Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus minimus), 74. Greater Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus sobrinus), 75. Southern Blossom Bat (Syconycteris australis), 76. Halmaheran Blossom Bat (Syconycteris carolinae), 77. Moss-forest Blossom Bat (Syconycteris hobbit), 78. Manado Fruit Bat (Boneia bidens), 79. Sulawesi Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris celebensis), 80. Philippine Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris whitehead), 81. Bulmer’s Fruit Bat (Aproteles bulmerae), 82. Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia minor), 83. Moluccan Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia moluccensis), 84. Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia peronu), 86. Panniet Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia pannietensis), 87. Philippine Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia chapmani), 88. Biak Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia emersa), 89. Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia exoleta), 90. Greenish Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia viridis), 91. Beaufort’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia beauforti), 92. Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia crenulata), 93. Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia inermis), 94. New Britain Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia praedatrix)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448853/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">92.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[244,965,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[171,1364,899,982]" box="[244,965,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<heading box="[244,965,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[244,965,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1030,1364,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[171,1364,899,982]" box="[1030,1364,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<heading box="[1030,1364,899,941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1900" box="[1030,1364,899,941]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1030,1364,899,941]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Dobsonia crenulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[172,1259,958,979]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[171,1364,899,982]" box="[172,1259,958,979]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<heading box="[172,1259,958,979]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,248,958,979]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[258,451,958,979]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Roussette crénelée</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[472,562,958,979]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[572,897,958,979]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Halmahera-Nacktriickenflughund</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[918,1009,958,979]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1019,1259,958,979]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Dobsonia de Halmahera</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[783,1379,1029,1453]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[783,939,1029,1058]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Andersen, 1900" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenulata">Dobsonia crenulata K. Andersen, 1900</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[945,1054,1069,1098]" name="Indonesia" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Ternate</collectingCountry>
|
||
[Tsland],”
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1224,1331,1069,1098]" country="Indonesia" name="Maluku Utara" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Maluku</collectingRegion>
|
||
Is lands,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[876,1017,1108,1137]" name="Indonesia" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[783,1379,1029,1453]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
Non-Moluccan populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1900" box="[1218,1379,1144,1177]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenulata">D. crenulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
might represent undescribed subspecies requiring additional systematic investigation. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption inLine="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" targetBox="[768,772,2889,2914]" targetPageId="54">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[783,1379,1029,1453]" lastBlockId="54.[170,1381,1463,2914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[783,960,1305,1334]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Talaud Is (Karakelong), Sangihe Is (Sangihe and Siau),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1260,1376,1341,1374]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(including Togian Is, Banggai Is, Kabaena, Muna, Buton, and Hoga Is), Sula Is (Mangole and Sanana), and C
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[531,661,1463,1492]" name="Indonesia" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Morotai, Halmahera, Bacan, and smaller
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1269,1376,1463,1492]" name="Indonesia" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Ternate</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Bau Is).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[170,1381,1463,2914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,422,1542,1571]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity box="[610,792,1542,1571]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="185.0" valueMax="205.0" valueMin="165.0">165-205 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity box="[864,1013,1542,1571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="23.0">23-38 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity box="[1087,1236,1542,1571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="22.0">22-29 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity box="[172,323,1578,1611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="32.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="26.0">26-38 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity box="[469,652,1578,1611]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.3599999999999999" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="127.5" valueMax="136.0" valueMin="119.0">119-136 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity box="[775,921,1578,1611]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="g" value="270.0" valueMax="320.0" valueMin="220.0">220-320 g</quantity>
|
||
. Adult male Halmahera Nakedbacked Fruit Bats tend to be larger than females in body weight and lengths of head body and forearm. Fur has greenish wash over much of body. Nape varies from raw umber to bister to brownish bister. Head is shiny dark grayish brown. Venter is drab or drab brown, mixed with raw umber on chest and belly. Wings attach along midline of back, with underlying fur. Nostrils are slightly tubular, and each flares outward from centerline. Claws are brown. Index claw (second digit of wing) is absent. Baculum is broader than long and V-shaped with point at distal and proximal ends curving downward; incurvation at proximal end between two legs is quite shallow. Diploid number is 2n = 36—published under the Greenish Naked-backed Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heude" authorityYear="1896" box="[1159,1284,1933,1966]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">D. viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[308,424,1972,2005]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
and here assigned to the Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[170,1381,1463,2914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,282,2012,2045]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary and secondary tropical moist lowland forests and village gardens from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity box="[661,770,2052,2085]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[170,1381,1463,2914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,436,2091,2124]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat is frugivorous. It is probably strongly dependent on figs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[170,1381,1463,2914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,305,2170,2203]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Births of Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bats take place in November—January, variably by island and presumably influenced by local biotic and climatic conditions. Pregnant and lactating females are known from December on the Togian Islands and January on Halmahera. A 43-g newborn was observed clinging to its mother when disturbed from a cave on Halmahera. On
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[787,897,2328,2361]" name="Indonesia" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Ternate</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a 46-g young was at its mother’s breast when captured in a mist net in January; mother was foraging in a village garden confirming that mothers at least occasionally carry young when foraging.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[170,1381,1463,2914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,408,2446,2479]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat is nocturnal and roosts in caves, trees, and rock crevices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[170,1381,1463,2914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,902,2525,2558]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bats are gregarious and congregate in large colonies in limestone caves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[170,1381,1463,2914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,524,2604,2637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat has a relatively large distribution and is presumably common with stable populations on a number of Indonesian islands. It tolerates habitat disturbance by foraging in rural gardens. Hunting and limestone extraction at roosting sites in southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[545,661,2762,2795]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
are localized threats. Research on its ecology and population trends is needed to better predict its future conservation status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[170,1381,1463,2914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,326,2850,2875]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988), Corbet & Hill (1992), De Jong & Bergmans (1981), Flannery (1995a), Hill (1983), Hutson, Kingston & Helgen (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |