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<document id="8E5DEA7F1BB4B9F67C2DBB40863F2682" ID-CLB-Dataset="31847" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4329.6.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5f6453-78e1-4fed-831b-a6385cc5cf07" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1010145" ID-ZooBank="EC2E87B4-47CB-4F7D-AF86-4EBAB14D1514" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1507884713398" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jeffrey H Robinson" docDate="2017" docId="03A687F30A7EFF9FFF362CBB799D49B4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4329.6.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4329 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Novocrania roseoradiata" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="530" masterDocId="FF9FFF8B0A62FF82FFA12D017A3A4E5C" masterDocTitle="A review of all Recent species in the genus Novocrania (Craniata, Brachiopoda)" masterLastPageNumber="559" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="529" updateTime="1698469512098" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="900DFD7EFDA899BFCB33E9D7B32E4EC7">
<mods:title id="E21AAC4C404B4EB6FD223215BA1C388B">A review of all Recent species in the genus Novocrania (Craniata, Brachiopoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9247AF1E7173A79F9C884DA4C1EAC7C7">Jeffrey H Robinson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E28EB0F815472ADD1C5845BE2A195C95">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="84BB9340B3F9EC98CE3527E45A9C8E39">
<mods:date id="E76CD1F48E416053638DD02E6DCAC51E">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E572189E7C043BC0D085E44528BF5DA7" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="DC31038EBAA8789E1D0748113DBBA935">2017-10-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E69C3E894C2A7EE3C1B64499304982F7">4329</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9018A51921F0B4BBB2EACC490EEAF85C">6</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7A0668A3E071F1188A88B6F4906FA328">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B2753814A42922E8A08F4F1B8B91739A" type="CLB-Dataset">31847</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="73D7801C334A5D5C4A9BDF12F2E8B872" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4329.6.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="32A48D607ADB9CF94DBA5F7108A6E746" type="GBIF-Dataset">0e5f6453-78e1-4fed-831b-a6385cc5cf07</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="64C90B50ECF9CCF99DEC396E285C0C23" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="42C750DFB76C56C2AD78EBB761091D6F" type="Zenodo-Dep">1010145</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A687F30A7EFF9FFF362CBB799D49B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6041641" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135435372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6041641" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A7EFF9FFF362CBB799D49B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687F30A7EFF9FFF362CBB799D49B4" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A7EFF9EFF362CBB7BF34FA9" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF362CBB78B14F89" blockId="28.[151,651,442,502]" box="[151,651,442,469]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<heading id="D0F881890A7EFF9EFF362CBB78B14F89" bold="true" box="[151,651,442,469]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFF362CBB78B14F89" ID-CoL="48278" authority="(Jackson, 1952)" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[151,651,442,469]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="502" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF362CBB78B14F89" bold="true" box="[151,651,442,469]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF362CBB7BF94F88" bold="true" box="[151,451,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Novocrania roSeoradiata</emphasis>
(Jackson, 1952)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF362CDC7BF34FA9" blockId="28.[151,651,442,502]" box="[151,457,477,502]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Stratigraphic range: Recent</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A7EFF9EFF362F24782E4DE6" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF362F247E784C67" blockId="28.[151,1170,549,633]" box="[151,1090,549,571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A7EFF9EFF362F247E784C67" box="[151,1090,549,571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="journal article">
<year id="FFA777B60A7EFF9EFF362F247AF74C67" box="[151,205,549,571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">1952</year>
:
<title id="F90BDDD30A7EFF9EFF762F27783A4C67" box="[215,512,549,571]" jopScore="0.09524689" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF762F277B9D4C67" box="[215,423,549,571]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Crania roseoradiata</emphasis>
Jackson
</title>
.
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A7EFF9EFDAB2F24799F4C67" box="[522,933,549,571]" jopScore="0.8524689" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFDAB2F2479444C67" box="[522,894,549,571]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Annals of the South African Museum</emphasis>
, 41
</journalOrPublisher>
, p.
<part id="FFAB9C780A7EFF9EFC6B2F2779E24C67" box="[970,984,550,571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="volume">7</part>
, figs.
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A7EFF9EFBB42F247E044C67" box="[1045,1086,549,571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="pagination">1–4</pagination>
.
</bibRef>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF362F457EA84C25" blockId="28.[151,1170,549,633]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A7EFF9EFF362F457EA84C25" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="journal article">
<title id="F90BDDD30A7EFF9EFF362F457E444C06" box="[151,1150,580,602]" jopScore="1.2519709" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
1986:
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF762F447BF04C06" box="[215,458,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Neocrania roseoradiata</emphasis>
(Jackson), Lee &amp; Brunton,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFD452F4579A24C06" box="[740,920,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Bull. Nat. His. M.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFC072F4579E44C06" box="[934,990,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Geol.</emphasis>
), 40 (4), p. 152
</title>
.
<year id="FFA777B60A7EFF9EFF362F627AF74C25" box="[151,205,611,633]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">2001</year>
:
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A7EFF9EFF762F657E0F4C25" box="[215,1077,611,633]" jopScore="2.6411176" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF762F657BEC4C25" box="[215,470,611,633]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Novocrania roseoradiata</emphasis>
(Jackson), Lee &amp; Brunton,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFD512F6279F84C25" box="[752,962,611,633]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFC712F627E324C25" box="[976,1032,611,633]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Geol.</emphasis>
), 57
</journalOrPublisher>
(
<part id="FFAB9C780A7EFF9EFBE72F627E6B4C25" box="[1094,1105,611,633]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="issue">1</part>
), p.
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A7EFF9EFB212F627EB54C25" box="[1152,1167,611,633]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="pagination">5</pagination>
.
</bibRef>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF362FA4782E4DE6" blockId="28.[151,1437,677,2034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF362FA47B204CE2" bold="true" box="[151,282,677,702]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Synonymy.</emphasis>
Jackson (1952) described
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFDF72FA779314CE1" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[598,779,677,701]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFDF72FA779314CE1" box="[598,779,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">C. roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from dorsal valves collected in the Saldana Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7EFF9EFAFA2FA47AE54CBE" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7EFF9EFF4E2FC87B0C4CBE" box="[239,310,713,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[291,1308,1437,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[169,1418,1386,1972]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Localities of Novocrania huttoni (red dots), N. indonesiensis (pink square) and N. roseoradiata (yellow rectangle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010151/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Hiller (1991, table 1; 1994, table 1) listed a single locality for
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFBB82FCB7F154CBD" box="[1049,1327,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFBB82FCB7F114CBD" box="[1049,1323,713,737]" class="Insecta" family="Eriocraniidae" genus="Neocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">Neocrania roseoradiata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Bitner &amp; Logan (2016) identified one dorsal valve from off
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7EFF9EFD422FEC79504D5A" box="[739,874,749,774]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFC342FEF7E884D59" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[917,1202,749,773]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFC342FEF7E884D59" box="[917,1202,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Novocrania roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the valve interior has raised anterior adductor muscle scars and a median process and appears to be
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFB3C2E137F124D75" baseAuthorityName="Logan &amp; Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1181,1320,785,809]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFB3C2E137F124D75" box="[1181,1320,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. turbinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Bitner &amp; Logan (2016) identified two further specimens as
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFD672E3779704D11" authorityName="Lee &amp; Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[710,842,822,845]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFD672E3779704D11" box="[710,842,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Novocrania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. These dorsal valves have muscle scars flush with the valve floor and one has a hummocky exterior. This study suggests these specimens are more likely to be
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFA232E5B7B1D4DC9" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFA232E5B7B1D4DC9" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described by Jackson (1952, p. 8) with “the anterior adductors very distinct in ovate pits”, but their exterior colour was not described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A7EFF9EFF662EC47F484ACE" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF662EC47F2D4A7A" blockId="28.[151,1437,677,2034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF662EC4786C4D82" bold="true" box="[199,598,965,990]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7EFF9EFF662EC47B384D82" box="[199,258,965,990]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Type</typeStatus>
material and
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7EFF9EFE1B2EC47BD74D82" box="[442,493,965,990]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Jackson (1952, figs. 1–4) figured four ‘syntypes’ rather than a single
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7EFF9EFF362EE87AC74A5E" box="[151,253,1001,1026]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7EFF9EFE9B2EEB7B504A5E" box="[314,362,1002,1026]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">type</typeStatus>
locality is Saldana Bay, north of
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7EFF9EFD412EEB79204A5E" box="[736,794,1002,1026]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town,
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7EFF9EFCCF2EE87E3B4A5E" box="[878,1025,1001,1026]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, ~
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B50220A7EFF9EFBBA2EEB7E4D4A5E" box="[1051,1143,1002,1026]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" precision="555" value="-33.12">33.12°S</geoCoordinate>
, ~
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B50220A7EFF9EFB382EE87EC34A5E" box="[1177,1273,1001,1026]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" precision="555" value="17.86">17.86°E</geoCoordinate>
. The complete dorsal valve SAM-MB-A5665b (Jackson 1952, fig. 2;
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7EFF9EFD5A290C79B84A7A" box="[763,898,1037,1062]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="25.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 13. NOvOcrania huttOni dorsal valve interior and ventral valve. A. NMNZ BR. 001442 b (Lord Howe Island). Valve interior. B, C. NMNZ BR. 001485 c (Northland). B. Valve interior. C. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, E. NMNZ BR. 001485 b (Northland, NZ). D. Valve interior. E. Line drawing of muscle scars. F. NMV F 120541 (Tasmania). Valve interior. G – N. OU 44471 a – e (Three Kings Islands). G, J. OU 44471 a. G. Dried organic ventral valve with non-crystalline calcitic rostellum, dried posterior adductor muscle and thin patches of non-crystalline calcitic material beneath valve. J. Close-up of non-crystalline calcitic rostellum. H, K, L. OU 44471 c. H. Dried organic ventral valve with partial non-crystalline calcitic rostellum and thin patches of non-crystalline calcitic material beneath valve. K. Close-up of rostellum showing shapes of anterior adductor muscle scars. L. Posterior side of partial rostellum showing dried ventral valve membrane both overlying and interlayering with non-crystalline calcite rostellum. I, M. OU 44471 d. I. Dried organic ventral valve with partial noncrystalline calcitic rostellum and very little non-crystalline layer beneath. M. Posterior side of partial rostellum showing dried ventral valve membrane both overlying and interlayering with non-crystalline calcitic rostellum. N. OU 44471 e. SEM image of fragment of non-crystalline calcitic rostellum with overlying ventral valve membrane." pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fig. 13A, D</figureCitation>
) is here designated as the
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7EFF9EFB09290C7F294A7A" box="[1192,1299,1037,1062]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF6629307F484ACE" blockId="28.[151,1437,677,2034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A7EFF9EFF6629307F484ACE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736977" county="Material" location="Albe Boseman" municipality="Images" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF6629307B8A4A16" bold="true" box="[199,432,1073,1098]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<collectingCounty id="62D14E690A7EFF9EFF6629307B154A16" box="[199,303,1073,1098]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Material</collectingCounty>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD4AC9F0A7EFF9EFE172933783D4A16" box="[438,519,1074,1098]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Images</collectingMunicipality>
of specimens SAM-MB-A5665a-g of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFC1629337EEB4A15" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[951,1233,1073,1097]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFC1629337EEB4A15" box="[951,1233,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Novocrania roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all dorsal valves, were provided by
<location id="8ED0603E0A7EFF9EFEC6295478344A31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A7EFF9FFF362CBB799D49B4:8ED0603E0A7EFF9EFEC6295478344A31" box="[359,526,1109,1134]" county="Material" municipality="Images" name="Albe Boseman" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Cape">Albe Boseman</location>
of the
<location id="8ED0603E0A7EFF9EFDC0295479334A31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A7EFF9FFF362CBB799D49B4:8ED0603E0A7EFF9EFDC0295479334A31" box="[609,777,1109,1134]" county="Material" municipality="Images" name="Iziko Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Cape">Iziko Museum</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7EFF9EFCB4295779754A32" box="[789,847,1110,1134]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town (
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A7EFF9EFC06295479C54A32" box="[935,1023,1109,1134]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="51.[151,239,870,893]" captionText="TABLE 7. Novocrania huttoni, N. indonesiensis and N. roseoradiata material examined. Latitude / longitude with a ‘ ~ ’ indicates locality is approximate." pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Table 7</tableCitation>
).
<location id="8ED0603E0A7EFF9EFBB729547E634A32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A7EFF9FFF362CBB799D49B4:8ED0603E0A7EFF9EFBB729547E634A32" box="[1046,1113,1109,1134]" county="Material" municipality="Images" name="These" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Cape">These</location>
included images of the four
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7EFF9EFF36297B7AC34ACE" box="[151,249,1146,1170]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
figured in Jackson (1952, figs. 1–4). Three specimens are complete valves and four are partial valves.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A7EFF9EFF66299C7B4A4BA6" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF66299C7B9B4B35" blockId="28.[151,1437,677,2034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF66299C7B634AEA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1181,1206]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Description.</emphasis>
The dorsal valves are laterally sub-oval to sub-rectangular in outline, wider than long. The largest is
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7EFF9EFF1529C37B3C4A85" box="[180,262,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7EFF9EFEDF29C37BEA4A85" box="[382,464,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
wide (
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7EFF9EFD8229C078B44A86" box="[547,654,1217,1242]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[215,1381,227,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[173,1397,195,1709]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. NOvOcrania rOseOradiata dorsal valve (syntypes, Saldana Bay, South Africa). A, D, E. SAM-MB-A 5665 b. A. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour. D. Valve interior with U-shaped anterior adductor slow-muscle scars. E. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. SAM-MB-A 5665 a. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour. C. H, I. SAM-MB-A 5665 c. C. Partial dorsal valve exterior with minimal colour. H. Valve interior. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. F, G. SAM-MB-A 5665 f. F. Partial valve interior. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. NOvOcrania indOnesiensis dorsal valve. J – L. ZMUC-Bra- 20 (holotype, Coral Sea). J. Hummocky valve exterior with mottled colouring. K. Valve interior with small muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010159/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
). The posterior margin is wide. The exterior surface has concentric growth lines and is hummocky but no spines or ribs are visible in the images, and none were described by Jackson (1952). The valves are white with reddish-brown colour patches formed by very fine radiating lines of colour in the valve (
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7EFF9EFF45282C7B4A4B1A" box="[228,368,1325,1350]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[215,1381,227,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[173,1397,195,1709]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. NOvOcrania rOseOradiata dorsal valve (syntypes, Saldana Bay, South Africa). A, D, E. SAM-MB-A 5665 b. A. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour. D. Valve interior with U-shaped anterior adductor slow-muscle scars. E. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. SAM-MB-A 5665 a. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour. C. H, I. SAM-MB-A 5665 c. C. Partial dorsal valve exterior with minimal colour. H. Valve interior. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. F, G. SAM-MB-A 5665 f. F. Partial valve interior. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. NOvOcrania indOnesiensis dorsal valve. J – L. ZMUC-Bra- 20 (holotype, Coral Sea). J. Hummocky valve exterior with mottled colouring. K. Valve interior with small muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010159/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fig. 16A–C</figureCitation>
). In the few specimens known the amount of colour varies from covering about half the valve exterior to almost none.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF6628747B4A4BA6" blockId="28.[151,1437,677,2034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
The posterior adductor muscle scars are relatively small and sub-oval. The anterior adductor slow-muscle scars are convex and vary from U-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7EFF9EFD94289878834BEE" box="[565,697,1433,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[215,1381,227,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[173,1397,195,1709]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. NOvOcrania rOseOradiata dorsal valve (syntypes, Saldana Bay, South Africa). A, D, E. SAM-MB-A 5665 b. A. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour. D. Valve interior with U-shaped anterior adductor slow-muscle scars. E. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. SAM-MB-A 5665 a. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour. C. H, I. SAM-MB-A 5665 c. C. Partial dorsal valve exterior with minimal colour. H. Valve interior. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. F, G. SAM-MB-A 5665 f. F. Partial valve interior. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. NOvOcrania indOnesiensis dorsal valve. J – L. ZMUC-Bra- 20 (holotype, Coral Sea). J. Hummocky valve exterior with mottled colouring. K. Valve interior with small muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010159/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fig. 16D, E</figureCitation>
) to reniform (
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7EFF9EFCF5289879F64BEE" box="[852,972,1433,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[215,1381,227,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[173,1397,195,1709]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. NOvOcrania rOseOradiata dorsal valve (syntypes, Saldana Bay, South Africa). A, D, E. SAM-MB-A 5665 b. A. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour. D. Valve interior with U-shaped anterior adductor slow-muscle scars. E. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. SAM-MB-A 5665 a. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour. C. H, I. SAM-MB-A 5665 c. C. Partial dorsal valve exterior with minimal colour. H. Valve interior. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. F, G. SAM-MB-A 5665 f. F. Partial valve interior. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. NOvOcrania indOnesiensis dorsal valve. J – L. ZMUC-Bra- 20 (holotype, Coral Sea). J. Hummocky valve exterior with mottled colouring. K. Valve interior with small muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010159/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Fig. 16F–I</figureCitation>
) with a deep dimple for the quick-muscle scar. The support structure scars are variably shaped and attached to the adductor scars. The small anterior muscle scars are separated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A7EFF9EFF662B047BEB481E" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF662B047BEB481E" blockId="28.[151,1437,677,2034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF662B047B114842" bold="true" box="[199,299,1541,1566]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFE922B077BDE4841" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[307,484,1541,1565]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFE922B077BDE4841" box="[307,484,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was dredged from 82 metres (Jackson 1952), Hiller (1991) listed
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFB6D2B077F474841" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1228,1405,1541,1565]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFB6D2B077F474841" box="[1228,1405,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as being a shallow water form.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A7EFF9FFF662B4C799D49B4" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF662B4C7ECF4946" blockId="28.[151,1437,677,2034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF662B4C7B01483A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1613,1638]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Remarks.</emphasis>
Only dorsal valves are known for this species; without examining ventral valves it is uncertain if
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFA232B4F7B1D48D5" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFA232B4F7B1D48D5" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFDB12B7378B248D5" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[528,648,1649,1673]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="huttoni">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFDB12B7378B248D5" box="[528,648,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. huttoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or a separate species. Based on these few specimens, the only morphological feature that might separate them from
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFD592B97795348F1" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[760,873,1685,1709]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="huttoni">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFD592B97795348F1" box="[760,873,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. huttoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is that the colour patches on
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFB1A2B977F1648F1" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1211,1324,1685,1709]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="huttoni">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFB1A2B977F1648F1" box="[1211,1324,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. huttoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
valve are ‘solid blocks’ of colour while in
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFDA22BBB7889488D" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[515,691,1721,1745]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFDA22BBB7889488D" box="[515,691,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the colour patches are formed of fine radiating lines of colour. The significance of this difference, and the amount of variation of this feature that may be present within
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFA232BDF7B1D4945" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFA232BDF7B1D4945" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are unknown. The species
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFDFF2A0379354945" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[606,783,1793,1817]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFDFF2A0379354945" box="[606,783,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. roseoradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is retained until more material is available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7EFF9EFF662A277F1C49AE" blockId="28.[151,1437,677,2034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
Some other craniid specimens have been found around southern Africa. Jackson (1952) noted that Turton (1932) had figured a poor specimen from Port Alfred that Jackson had “tentatively” referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFB5B2A4B7F73493D" authorityName="Retzius" authorityYear="1871" box="[1274,1353,1866,1889]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFB5B2A4B7F73493D" box="[1274,1353,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Crania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hiller (1986) described a single damaged specimen (SAM-A25445) from shallow-water north of East London, SA, as
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFF362A937ADD49F5" authorityName="Retzius" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,231,1938,1961]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFF362A937ADD49F5" box="[151,231,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Crania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., attached to the shell of a
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFD992A90789349F5" box="[568,681,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Mergerlia</emphasis>
. The Iziko Muzeum kindly provided images of this specimen. The valves are small (
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7EFF9EFEC32AB77B9C4991" box="[354,422,1974,1998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
by
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7EFF9EFE752AB778224992" box="[468,536,1974,1998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
) and very thin and show no internal features such as muscle scars or punctae, unlike similar sized craniid specimens figured herein. I suggest specimen SAM-A25445 is not a craniid.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF70666D0A7FFF9FFF362BBC7AEA49D7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010159/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="530" targetBox="[215,1381,227,1661]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7FFF9FFF362BBC7AEA49D7" blockId="29.[151,1436,1725,2024]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFF362BBC788D488F" bold="true" box="[151,695,1725,1747]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">
FIGURE 16.
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7FFF9FFE892BBC7816488F" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[296,556,1725,1747]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="29" pageNumber="557" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFE892BBC7816488F" bold="true" box="[296,556,1725,1747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">NOvOcrania rOseOradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dorsal valve
</emphasis>
(syntypes, Saldana Bay, South Africa).
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFBF42BBC7E5D488F" bold="true" box="[1109,1127,1725,1747]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFBD42BBC7EBD488F" bold="true" box="[1141,1159,1725,1747]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">D</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFB372BBC7E9D488F" bold="true" box="[1174,1191,1725,1747]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">E</emphasis>
. SAM-MB-A5665b.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFA222BBC7FAF488F" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1725,1747]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">A</emphasis>
. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFD982BDD787148AE" bold="true" box="[569,587,1756,1778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">D</emphasis>
. Valve interior with U-shaped anterior adductor slow-muscle scars.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFB592BDD7F3348AE" bold="true" box="[1272,1289,1756,1778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">E</emphasis>
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFEE02BFA7B68494D" bold="true" box="[321,338,1787,1809]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">B</emphasis>
. SAM-MB-A5665a. Valve exterior with radial lines of colour.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFC722BFA79DF494D" bold="true" box="[979,997,1787,1809]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFC532BFA7E3C494D" bold="true" box="[1010,1030,1787,1809]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">H</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFBB22BFA7E27494D" bold="true" box="[1043,1053,1787,1809]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">I</emphasis>
. SAM-MB-A5665c.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFB572BFA7F32494D" bold="true" box="[1270,1288,1787,1809]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">C</emphasis>
. Partial dorsal valve exterior with minimal colour.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFDA32A1B782C496C" bold="true" box="[514,534,1818,1840]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">H</emphasis>
. Valve interior.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFD162A1B78FB496C" bold="true" box="[695,705,1818,1840]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">I</emphasis>
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFBA22A1B7E2A496C" bold="true" box="[1027,1040,1818,1840]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">F</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFBBC2A1B7E14496C" bold="true" box="[1053,1070,1818,1840]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">G</emphasis>
. SAM-MB-A5665f.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFAA22A1B7F2A496C" bold="true" box="[1283,1296,1818,1840]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">F</emphasis>
. Partial valve interior.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFF4C2A397AC44912" bold="true" box="[237,254,1848,1870]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">G</emphasis>
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFDE22A3979E34912" bold="true" box="[579,985,1848,1870]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7FFF9FFDE22A39796B4912" baseAuthorityName="Zezina" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[579,849,1848,1870]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="29" pageNumber="553" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="indonesiensis">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFDE22A39796B4912" bold="true" box="[579,849,1848,1870]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">NOvOcrania indOnesiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dorsal valve
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFC472A397E2A4912" bold="true" box="[998,1040,1848,1870]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">J–L</emphasis>
. ZMUC-Bra-20 (holotype, Coral Sea).
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFF362A567A9E4931" bold="true" box="[151,164,1879,1901]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">J</emphasis>
. Hummocky valve exterior with mottled colouring.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFD642A5678E34931" bold="true" box="[709,729,1879,1901]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">K</emphasis>
. Valve interior with small muscle scars.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFB252A567EAF4931" bold="true" box="[1156,1173,1879,1901]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">L</emphasis>
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7FFF9FFF362A95799D49B4" blockId="29.[151,1436,1725,2024]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A7FFF9FFF362A95797C49F6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736976" box="[151,838,1940,1962]" country="South Africa" location="South African Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="530" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
SAM—the Iziko
<location id="8ED0603E0A7FFF9FFEE72A95780C49F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A7EFF9FFF362CBB799D49B4:8ED0603E0A7FFF9FFEE72A95780C49F6" box="[326,566,1940,1962]" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="530" stateProvince="Cape">South African Museum</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7FFF9FFDE02A95784F49F6" box="[577,629,1940,1962]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town,
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7FFF9FFD602A95797C49F6" box="[705,838,1940,1962]" name="South Africa" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">South Africa</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
; ZMUC—Zoology Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark.
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFF362AB27B504995" bold="true" box="[151,362,1971,1993]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">Abbreviations: aaq</emphasis>
—anterior adductor quick-muscle scar,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFCAC2AB2790A4995" bold="true" box="[781,816,1971,1993]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">aas</emphasis>
—anterior adductor slow-muscle scar,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFB6A2AB27EE54995" bold="true" box="[1227,1247,1971,1993]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">oi</emphasis>
—oblique internal muscle scars,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFE852AD37B0549B4" bold="true" box="[292,319,2002,2024]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">pa</emphasis>
—posterior adductor muscle scar,
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7FFF9FFD3B2AD3789449B4" bold="true" box="[666,686,2002,2024]" pageId="29" pageNumber="530">ss</emphasis>
—support structure scar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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