1304 lines
167 KiB
XML
1304 lines
167 KiB
XML
<document id="0BB13D7876A153CE2EC73B13C7B9321F" ID-CLB-Dataset="31847" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4329.6.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5f6453-78e1-4fed-831b-a6385cc5cf07" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1010145" ID-ZooBank="EC2E87B4-47CB-4F7D-AF86-4EBAB14D1514" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1507884713398" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jeffrey H Robinson" docDate="2017" docId="03A687F30A6EFF93FF362C0579494AE6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4329.6.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4329 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Novocrania turbinata" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="518" masterDocId="FF9FFF8B0A62FF82FFA12D017A3A4E5C" masterDocTitle="A review of all Recent species in the genus Novocrania (Craniata, Brachiopoda)" masterLastPageNumber="559" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="513" updateTime="1698469512098" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C051681B1C788E614880135A27BF69AB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="952D2F5E723C3DA3FEF0E4EE8BD22C1B">
|
||
<mods:title id="69B1D30002A7B1C291EFD54F982FA0E4">A review of all Recent species in the genus Novocrania (Craniata, Brachiopoda)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="E90A5A31518755BEBD10E483F45BCD12" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="40C7EFB092FE5851D6DC5C57EB47BDFF">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A37A1BAD62C062BB3A80799151C4ABE7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6A5918887471CAA8CC0412AFBE9DF90A">Jeffrey H Robinson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="550956BC5CC1757397690B2F6A010F60">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5B08C36440FA5470832C957A5C10A40F" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BE638C487102FB10CF0DA0E7ECC4D522">
|
||
<mods:title id="93B5EB62AE1550FEA02F547BF986EB3C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="BF95FB3226C1CB822BD4224D9F13463D">
|
||
<mods:date id="7DEAB461FED5EAD62A54D2C2B89F2117">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="E3DAFC8A9053F13C1C20E202DF476649" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="71421D2770A4EAEF92DAAD4F2741C3C4">2017-10-10</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B2E710F3AB8D274E20E23933626A8A1E" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="2ADBD54593A634D9C9D9CCA3420AA869">4329</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="30BB543AFE5C4AD3CEF938874BFF4315" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="3FC88BA8BFBBCCB17A55664F39A8F99B">6</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="34F94C2CC07F3CA71C49B381012CEBED" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="538C4AE4173183E8C6ABB36C7C14F5E6">501</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="82BC4791235CF08371A42B5B58416432">559</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1B90B831C808A9E21E288110C2B39B67">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C9F9C265890AA65E3A6F5E4D05B2C747" type="CLB-Dataset">31847</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="78A84A187CED5D6504FDFFB32655AD76" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4329.6.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FB5F8445BB6B8B2AEB0C804F67652BFB" type="GBIF-Dataset">0e5f6453-78e1-4fed-831b-a6385cc5cf07</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2F94CBDA2EC95BDEE76576857A20C16F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="97BC6E09747C3DE2B70662490F6CB9B4" type="Zenodo-Dep">1010145</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0987C288C8006B7C5116BFC06E593F81" type="ZooBank">EC2E87B4-47CB-4F7D-AF86-4EBAB14D1514</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03A687F30A6EFF93FF362C0579494AE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6041631" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135435382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6041631" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A6EFF93FF362C0579494AE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687F30A6EFF93FF362C0579494AE6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="518" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A6EFF8EFF362C0579654F63" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362C05780A4F42" blockId="12.[151,863,260,319]" box="[151,560,260,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<heading id="D0F881890A6EFF8EFF362C05780A4F42" bold="true" box="[151,560,260,286]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFF362C05780A4F42" ID-CoL="89KZD" authority="(Poli, 1795)" baseAuthorityName="Poli" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[151,560,260,286]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF362C05780A4F42" bold="true" box="[151,560,260,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF362C057BA64F42" bold="true" box="[151,412,260,286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
(Poli, 1795)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362C2779654F63" blockId="12.[151,863,260,319]" box="[151,863,294,319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Stratigraphic range: Early Miocene–Recent (Robinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD5E2C26796C4F62" box="[767,854,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">in press</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A6EFF92FF362C6F7EEE4CA8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362C6F794A4FFF" blockId="12.[151,1274,366,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362C6F794A4FFF" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="book chapter">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362C6F7AF74FD8" box="[151,205,366,388]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">1795</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF762C6E7E324FD8" box="[215,1032,366,389]" jopScore="2.353333" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="_" typeScore="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762C6E7BB04FD8" box="[215,394,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Anomia turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
Poli.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE672C71793C4FD9" box="[454,774,366,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Test. ut. Sicil. eoru. hist. et anat</emphasis>
|
||
., vol. 2, p. 189, vol. 4, pl
|
||
</title>
|
||
. 30, figs. 15a–e,
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFB122C6F7ECC4FD8" box="[1203,1270,366,388]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">21–24</pagination>
|
||
. 1818:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762C8F7BB04FFF" box="[215,394,398,419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania personata</emphasis>
|
||
Blainville,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFDA02C8F79564FFF" box="[513,876,397,419]" jopScore="4.1512303" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFDA02C8F78F64FFF" box="[513,716,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Dict. des Scien, nat.</emphasis>
|
||
, vol. 11, p. 312
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362CAD79FA4C42" blockId="12.[151,1274,366,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362CAD79FA4C42" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF362CAD79CA4FA3" jopScore="5.1645846" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
1828:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762CAD7B4B4F9E" box="[215,369,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania ringens</emphasis>
|
||
Höninghaus,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE5F2CAC79764F9D" box="[510,844,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Beit. zur Mono. der Gatt. Crania</emphasis>
|
||
., p. 4, fig. 2a–b. 1828:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762CCA7B4C4FBC" box="[215,374,459,480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
Höninghaus,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFDA22CCA796A4FBC" box="[515,848,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Beit. zur Mono. der Gatt. Crania</emphasis>
|
||
., p. 5, fig. 3a–b. 1836:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762CE87BAD4FA3" box="[215,407,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Orbicula turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
Deshayes & Edwards,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD252CEB79B24FA3" box="[644,904,490,511]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Hist. nat. anim. sans vert.</emphasis>
|
||
, 7, p. 313
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362F097AF74C42" box="[151,205,520,542]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">1871</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFF762F0879644C42" box="[215,862,520,542]" jopScore="6.48027" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762F087B444C42" box="[215,382,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller), Dall,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFDBF2F09797E4C42" box="[542,836,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Bull. Harv. Mus. Comp. Zoo.</emphasis>
|
||
, 3
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFCC62F09794B4C42" box="[871,881,520,542]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="issue">1</part>
|
||
), p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFC012F0979864C42" box="[928,956,520,542]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">34</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362F27799F4C07" blockId="12.[151,1274,366,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362F27799F4C07" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362F277AF74C60" box="[151,205,550,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">1888</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF762F2679284C61" box="[215,786,550,573]" jopScore="0.7996003" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="_" typeScore="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762F267BB94C60" box="[215,387,550,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
(Poli), Davidson,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD9C2F2979284C61" box="[573,786,551,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Trans. Lin. Soc. Lon.</emphasis>
|
||
</title>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFC962F2779654C60" box="[823,863,550,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">188</part>
|
||
, pl. 27, figs.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFC422F277E1E4C60" box="[995,1060,550,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">14–23</pagination>
|
||
; pl. 28, fig. 8. 1977:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762F477BB64C07" box="[215,396,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, Cooper,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFD812F44799B4C07" box="[544,929,581,603]" jopScore="2.3959653" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD812F4478E64C07" box="[544,732,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Stud. Trop. Ocean,</emphasis>
|
||
p. 53, pl. 3, fig. 18
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362F6579714C26" blockId="12.[151,1274,366,787]" box="[151,843,612,634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362F6579714C26" box="[151,843,612,634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362F657AF74C26" box="[151,205,612,634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">1979</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF762F6578134C26" box="[215,553,612,634]" jopScore="0.32050285" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762F657B444C26" box="[215,382,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller), Logan
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFD952F6578E54C25" box="[564,735,612,634]" jopScore="1.2820114" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD952F6578E54C25" box="[564,735,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Bull. Inst. Ocean</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFD4D2F6579324C26" box="[748,776,612,634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">72</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFC8A2F65797D4C26" box="[811,839,612,634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">29</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362F83797D4CC4" blockId="12.[151,1274,366,787]" box="[151,839,642,664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362F83797D4CC4" box="[151,839,642,664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362F837AF74CC4" box="[151,205,642,664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">1981</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF762F827B044CC4" box="[215,318,643,664]" jopScore="0.009167343" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762F827B254CC4" box="[215,287,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania</emphasis>
|
||
sp
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFEE92F8378F84CC4" box="[328,706,642,664]" jopScore="0.13751015" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Cooper,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE3F2F83785A4CC4" box="[414,608,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Smith. Cont. Palio.</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 11, pl
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFD6A2F8378DC4CC4" box="[715,742,642,664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">13</part>
|
||
, fig.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFCBB2F8379784CC4" box="[794,834,642,664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">2–4</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362FA079794CA8" blockId="12.[151,1274,366,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362FA079794CA8" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF362FA07BD24CEB" box="[151,488,673,695]" jopScore="0.14478722" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
1986:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762FA37B9C4CEB" box="[215,422,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Neocrania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
(Poli)
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<author id="53B2DE000A6EFF8EFE522FA37E7E4C8A" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD382FA079504CEB" box="[665,874,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFCD92FA0798B4CEB" box="[888,945,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Geol.</emphasis>
|
||
), 40 (4), p 152. 2001:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762FC07B884C8A" box="[215,434,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
(Poli), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD042FC1794D4C8A" box="[677,887,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFC242FC179874C8A" box="[901,957,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Geol.</emphasis>
|
||
), 57 (1), p. 5
|
||
</author>
|
||
.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362FDF7AF74CA8" box="[151,205,734,756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">2008</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFF762FE178594CA8" box="[215,611,734,757]" jopScore="7.0945745" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="_" typeScore="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762FE17B754CA9" box="[215,335,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
sp. Bitner,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE622FE178014CA9" box="[451,571,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Zoosystema</emphasis>
|
||
, 30
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFDCA2FDF78434CA8" box="[619,633,734,756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="issue">2</part>
|
||
), p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFD022FDF78F64CA8" box="[675,716,734,756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">424</pagination>
|
||
, fig. 3A–C.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362FFC799C4D4F" blockId="12.[151,1274,366,787]" box="[151,934,765,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362FFC799C4D4F" box="[151,934,765,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362FFC7AF74D4F" box="[151,205,765,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">2014</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF762FFF78754D4F" box="[215,591,765,787]" jopScore="0.27775636" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762FFF7B974D4F" box="[215,429,765,787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller), Emig
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFDF82FFF79724D4F" box="[601,840,765,787]" jopScore="1.52766" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFDF82FFF79184D4F" box="[601,802,765,787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Carnets de Géology</emphasis>
|
||
, 14
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFCF62FFC795E4D4F" box="[855,868,765,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="issue">8</part>
|
||
),
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFCD82FFC79984D4F" box="[889,930,765,787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">159</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362E3B790E4D0C" blockId="12.[151,1113,826,941]" box="[151,820,826,848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362E3B790E4D0C" box="[151,820,826,848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="book">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362E3B7AF74D0C" box="[151,205,826,848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">1862</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF762E3A7B904D0C" box="[215,426,827,848]" jopScore="0.21428572" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762E3A7B584D0C" box="[215,354,827,848]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania suessi</emphasis>
|
||
Reeve
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFE152E3B78CB4D0C" box="[436,753,826,848]" jopScore="0.33364663" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE152E3B78AE4D0C" box="[436,660,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Conchologica Iconica</emphasis>
|
||
, 13, 1 pl
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bookContentInfo id="BCF425950A6EFF8EFCA12E3B790E4D0C" box="[768,820,826,848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">3 pp.</bookContentInfo>
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362E5879F34DF0" blockId="12.[151,1113,826,941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362E5879F34DF0" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF362E587E6F4DD2" jopScore="2.9256837" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
1986:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762E5B7BBF4D33" box="[215,389,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Neocrania reevei</emphasis>
|
||
(Reeve), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD2F2E5879B94D33" box="[654,899,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist.</emphasis>
|
||
(Geol.), 40, p. 152. 2001:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762E787BAB4DD2" box="[215,401,889,910]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania reevei</emphasis>
|
||
(Reeve), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD3A2E7979B24DD2" box="[667,904,888,910]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. His.</emphasis>
|
||
(Geol.), 57 (1), p. 5
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362E977AF44DF0" box="[151,206,918,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">2010</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFF762E9978804DF1" box="[215,698,918,941]" jopScore="3.953082" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762E997BAB4DF1" box="[215,401,920,941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania reevei</emphasis>
|
||
(Reeve), Bitner,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD9E2E9678804DF1" box="[575,698,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Scient. Mar.</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFD642E9778E44DF0" box="[709,734,918,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">74</part>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFD4C2E9778C64DF0" box="[749,764,918,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="issue">4</part>
|
||
), p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFC882E97796B4DF0" box="[809,849,918,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">645</pagination>
|
||
, fig. 2D–K.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362ED5796C4DB6" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" box="[151,854,980,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362ED5796C4DB6" box="[151,854,980,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362ED57AF74DB6" box="[151,205,980,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">1863</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF762ED57BF44DB6" box="[215,462,980,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762ED57B444DB6" box="[215,382,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania japonica</emphasis>
|
||
Adams
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFE792ED578E44DB6" box="[472,734,980,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE792ED578E44DB6" box="[472,734,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Annals of Natural History</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFD4A2ED5793F4DB6" box="[747,773,980,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">11</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFC882ED579684DB6" box="[809,850,980,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">100</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF362EF379A14A54" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" box="[151,923,1010,1032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF362EF379A14A54" box="[151,923,1010,1032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF362EF37AF74A54" box="[151,205,1010,1032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">1920</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF762EF2783D4A54" box="[215,519,1010,1032]" jopScore="0.018518519" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF762EF27B9C4A54" box="[215,422,1011,1032]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Adams)
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFDB32EF379194A54" box="[530,803,1010,1032]" jopScore="0.84534174" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Dall,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFDEB2EF279194A54" box="[586,803,1011,1032]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Proc.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6EFF8EFD262EF278834A54" box="[647,697,1011,1032]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">U. S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Nat. Mus.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFC8E2EF379714A54" box="[815,843,1010,1032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">57</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFCCF2EF379AD4A54" box="[878,919,1010,1032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">274</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF36291079884A7B" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" box="[151,946,1041,1063]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF36291079884A7B" box="[151,946,1041,1063]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF3629107AF74A7B" box="[151,205,1041,1063]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">1981</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF76291378754A7B" box="[215,591,1041,1063]" jopScore="0.25522488" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF7629137BA74A7B" box="[215,413,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Craniscus japonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Adams), Zezina
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFDF8291079604A7B" box="[601,858,1041,1063]" jopScore="1.7003968" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFDF8291079604A7B" box="[601,858,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Galathea Report, Ƒolume</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFCC1291079414A7B" box="[864,891,1041,1063]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">15</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFC01291079954A7B" box="[928,943,1041,1063]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">9</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF3629317E7F4A1A" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" box="[151,1093,1072,1094]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF3629317E7F4A1A" box="[151,1093,1072,1094]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal volume">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF3629317AF44A1A" box="[151,206,1072,1094]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">2002</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF76293078E04A1A" box="[215,730,1072,1094]" jopScore="0.08377453" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF7629307B044A1A" box="[215,318,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Craniscus</emphasis>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFEFF29307BFB4A1A" box="[350,449,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Adams), Motchurova
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD0F293078E04A1A" box="[686,730,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">et al</emphasis>
|
||
</title>
|
||
.,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFD4C293179C84A1A" box="[749,1010,1072,1094]" jopScore="1.3739902" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD4C293179C84A1A" box="[749,1010,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Paleontological Research</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFBB929317E7B4A1A" box="[1048,1089,1072,1094]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">305</part>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF36294F7E184A38" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" box="[151,1058,1102,1125]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF36294F7E184A38" box="[151,1058,1102,1125]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF36294F7AF64A38" box="[151,204,1102,1124]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">2011</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF77295178FB4A38" box="[214,705,1102,1125]" jopScore="0.2785494" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF7729517B974A39" box="[214,429,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania japonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Adams), Robinson & Lee
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFD6D2951798D4A38" box="[716,951,1102,1125]" jopScore="1.3535495" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD6D2951798D4A38" box="[716,951,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Mem. Assoc. Aust.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6EFF8EFC2D294F79884A38" box="[908,946,1102,1124]" country="Cape Verde" name="Paul" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Pal</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFC62294F79E44A38" box="[963,990,1102,1124]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">41</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFBA3294F7E244A38" box="[1026,1054,1102,1124]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">27</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF36296C7ED14ADF" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" box="[151,1259,1133,1155]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF36296C7ED14ADF" box="[151,1259,1133,1155]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF36296C7AF44ADF" box="[151,206,1133,1155]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">2014</year>
|
||
a:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF43296F78204ADF" box="[226,538,1133,1155]" jopScore="0.08518519" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF43296F7B824ADF" box="[226,440,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania japonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Adams)
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFD85296C79164ADF" box="[548,812,1133,1155]" jopScore="0.99928564" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Robinson,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD33296F79164ADF" box="[658,812,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Jour. Nat. Hist.</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFC99296C79404ADF" box="[824,890,1133,1155]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">21–22</pagination>
|
||
, 1233, 1245, 1248,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFBE3296C7E4D4ADF" box="[1090,1143,1133,1155]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">1249</part>
|
||
, fig. 4F–H.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF36298D79434AFE" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" box="[151,889,1164,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A6EFF8EFF36298D79434AFE" box="[151,889,1164,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A6EFF8EFF36298D7AF74AFE" box="[151,205,1164,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">2014</year>
|
||
b:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A6EFF8EFF45298C78214AFE" box="[228,539,1164,1186]" jopScore="0.08518519" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF45298C7B804AFE" box="[228,442,1165,1186]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania japonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Adams)
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A6EFF8EFD84298D78CE4AFD" box="[549,756,1164,1186]" jopScore="1.3558543" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Robinson,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD32298D78CE4AFD" box="[659,756,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Zool. Sci.</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
, 8,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A6EFF8EFCB8298D79784AFE" box="[793,834,1164,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="volume">542</part>
|
||
,
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A6EFF8EFCED298D794F4AFE" box="[844,885,1164,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="pagination">544</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF3629AB79EA4B57" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF3629AB7B204A9F" bold="true" box="[151,282,1194,1219]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
I suggest the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFDAD29AA784E4A9F" baseAuthorityName="Poli" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[524,628,1195,1219]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFDAD29AA784E4A9F" box="[524,628,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently in the literature under two different craniid genera and three different species names. There are distinctive features in both the dorsal and ventral valves that, allowing for morphological variation, indicate this is a single very widespread species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF6628177E6D4813" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Poli (1795) first named this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFD36281679584B72" authorityName="Poli" authorityYear="1795" box="[663,866,1302,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Anomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD36281679584B72" box="[663,866,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Anomia turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and illustrated it in colour, including specimens attached to a coral (reproduced in Emig 2014, fig. 1). Höninghaus (1828) proposed two new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFAED283A7AD14B2A" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="ringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFAED283A7AD14B2A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania ringens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFE84285E7B9B4B2A" box="[293,417,1375,1398]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE84285E7B9B4B2A" box="[293,417,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">C. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which were synonymised under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFC21285E7E314B2A" authorityName="Poli" authorityYear="1795" box="[896,1035,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Anomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFC21285E7E314B2A" box="[896,1035,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">C. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Dall (1871). Dall (1871, p. 34) listed a synonymy under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFE11288278544BC7" box="[432,622,1411,1435]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE11288278544BC7" box="[432,622,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that included 5 genera and 5 species by 8 authors. However, Dall (1871, p. 32) noted that “I myself consider it a strict synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFC8328A779BE4BE2" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[802,900,1446,1470]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFC8328A779BE4BE2" box="[802,900,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” Logan (1979) synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFB7B28A67F5E4BE2" box="[1242,1380,1446,1470]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFB7B28A67F5E4BE2" box="[1242,1380,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">C. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFF3628CA7B204BBF" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[151,282,1483,1507]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF3628CA7B204BBF" box="[151,282,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">C. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but Lee & Brunton (1986) reinstated the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFCED28CA798E4BBF" box="[844,948,1483,1507]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFCED28CA798E4BBF" box="[844,948,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the new genus name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFB4C28CA7F594BBE" box="[1261,1379,1483,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Eriocraniidae" genus="Neocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFB4C28CA7F594BBE" box="[1261,1379,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Neocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lee & Brunton (2001) renamed their new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFD0128EE791F485A" authorityName="Lee & Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[672,805,1519,1542]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD0128EE791F485A" box="[672,805,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFCF028EE79FD485A" box="[849,967,1519,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Eriocraniidae" genus="Neocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFCF028EE79FD485A" box="[849,967,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Neocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was preoccupied. Specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6EFF8EFAC628EE7B334877" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NMNZ BR.001525) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6EFF8EFDE32B1378A14877" box="[578,667,1554,1579]" country="United Kingdom" name="Norfolk" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Norfolk</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ridge (NIWA 3248) were referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFB252B127B9B4813" authority="in MacFarlan et al. (2009)" authorityName="in MacFarlan et al." authorityYear="2009" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFB252B127F414877" box="[1156,1403,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
in MacFarlan
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFEB62B367B724812" box="[279,328,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and were listed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFD3E2B367E684813" authority="in Robinson & Lee (2011)" authorityName="in Robinson & Lee" authorityYear="2011" box="[671,1106,1590,1615]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFD3E2B36791B4812" box="[671,801,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">N. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
in Robinson & Lee (2011)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF662B5A781B497A" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Reeve (1862) described and named specimens from Sydney,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6EFF8EFC212B5B79D0482F" box="[896,1002,1626,1651]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFBB72B5A7E8B482E" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1862" box="[1046,1201,1627,1650]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="suessi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFBB72B5A7E8B482E" box="[1046,1201,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania suessi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and noted that they resembled specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFE0A2B7E781F48CA" box="[427,549,1663,1686]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE0A2B7E781F48CA" box="[427,549,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">C. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFDED2B7E78EF48CA" box="[588,725,1662,1686]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFDED2B7E78EF48CA" box="[588,725,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] from West Africa. Lee & Brunton (1986) renamed the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFF362BA27AE148E6" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,219,1699,1722]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="reevei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF362BA27AE148E6" box="[151,219,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">reevei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFEAA2BA27B7448E6" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1862" box="[267,334,1699,1722]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="suessi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFEAA2BA27B7448E6" box="[267,334,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">suessi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was preoccupied and placed the species in their new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFB882BA27EA548E6" box="[1065,1183,1699,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Eriocraniidae" genus="Neocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFB882BA27EA548E6" box="[1065,1183,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Neocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Bitner (2008, 2010) described and figured specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6EFF8EFDF52BC778414883" box="[596,635,1734,1759]" name="Fiji" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6EFF8EFD172BC679524883" box="[694,872,1734,1759]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Robinson & Lee (2011) figured specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6EFF8EFF362BEB7AC4495F" box="[151,254,1770,1795]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFE3C2BEA7857495E" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[413,621,1771,1794]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="reevei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE3C2BEA7857495E" box="[413,621,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania reevei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a short list of species synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFBF62BEA7F7F495E" authorityName="in Robinson & Lee" authorityYear="2011" box="[1111,1349,1771,1794]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFBF62BEA7F7F495E" box="[1111,1349,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Novocrania japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but did not formally synonymise
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE172A0E781B497A" box="[438,545,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFE172A0E7827497A" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[438,541,1807,1830]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="reevei">N. reevei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8FFF662A33780B4CFC" blockId="12.[151,1437,980,2009]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,1205]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
Adams (1863) described, but did not figure, a specimen from the Gotto Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6EFF8EFB212A327EF94916" box="[1152,1219,1843,1866]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, naming it
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFAED2A327AC34932" authorityName="Adams" authorityYear="1863" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFAED2A327AC34932" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Crania japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Davidson (1871; 1888) redescribed and figured Adam’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A6EFF8EFC2C2A5679874933" box="[909,957,1879,1903]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. Dall (1920, p. 274) transferred this species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFE0A2A7B78A349CE" authority="Dall, 1871" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[427,665,1913,1938]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFE0A2A7B782749CD" box="[427,541,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Craniscus</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of its raised anterior muscle scars and anterior septum in the dorsal valve, but noted that these features were “less emphatic” than in fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFC552A9C7E5C49E8" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[1012,1126,1949,1972]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFC552A9C7E5C49E8" box="[1012,1126,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Craniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (all other species in this genus are Jurassic). Hatai (1936a; 1936b; 1936c; 1939a; 1939b) listed localities around
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6EFF8EFB192AC07EC24984" box="[1208,1272,1985,2008]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
where Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFF362D997B474EF3" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,381,152,175]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFF362D997B474EF3" box="[151,381,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected during scientific dredging voyages, however, as I found five species of craniid in these collections, the identifications of Hatai must be considered unreliable (for craniids). Williams & Wright (1970) used material identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFDB82DDE79474EAB" authority="Dall, 1920" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[537,893,222,247]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFDB82DDE78C54EAB" box="[537,767,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, 1920
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFC622DE17E3D4EAB" box="[963,1031,224,247]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
to represent the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFAAC2DDE7F444EAA" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[1293,1406,223,246]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFAAC2DDE7F444EAA" box="[1293,1406,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their study on the ventral valve structure of craniid genera and introduced the term ‘canal’ for the radiating tubes in the ventral valve. Brunton (1988) and Logan & Long (2001) noted that specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFBF82C277EDD4F62" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[1113,1255,294,318]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFBF82C277EDD4F62" box="[1113,1255,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">C. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFA8D2C267F564F62" box="[1324,1388,295,318]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFF362C487AC44F3E" box="[151,254,329,354]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
resembled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFE282C4B782C4F3D" box="[393,534,329,353]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE282C4B782C4F3D" box="[393,534,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Mediterranean. I have examined specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A6FFF8FFB4A2C4B7F214F3E" box="[1259,1307,330,354]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFF362C6C7AC44FD8" box="[151,254,365,388]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Cranicus</emphasis>
|
||
, Jurassic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFED42C6C79144FD9" authority="(Munster, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Munster" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[373,814,365,389]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="tripartitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFED42C6C785E4FD8" box="[373,612,365,388]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus tripartitus</emphasis>
|
||
(Münster, 1840)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from two European Institutions and photographs of specimens from another three European Institutions (for an unpublished study). Jurassic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFB052C917F2C4FFB" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[1188,1302,400,423]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB052C917F2C4FFB" box="[1188,1302,400,423]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, known only from dorsal valves, have several very distinctive features not found in Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFB292CB57F574F97" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[1160,1389,436,459]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB292CB57F574F97" box="[1160,1389,436,459]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Recent species does not belong in the Jurassic genus, as suggested previously by Logan & Long (2001) and Cohen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFF482CFA7B194C4F" box="[233,291,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008). Cohen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE792CFA78314C4F" box="[472,523,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008) suggested that the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFC3D2CFA7E334C4E" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[924,1033,507,530]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFC3D2CFA7E334C4E" box="[924,1033,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonged in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFB6A2CFA7FA64C4E" authorityName="Laurin" authorityYear="1992" box="[1227,1436,507,530]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Neoancistrocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB6A2CFA7FA64C4E" box="[1227,1436,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Neoancistrocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, however, Cohen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE3E2F1E7BEA4C6A" box="[415,464,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014, fig. 4) included material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFC252F1E79FE4C6A" box="[900,964,543,566]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the Tethys clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFB112F1E7F034C6A" box="[1200,1337,542,566]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB112F1E7F034C6A" box="[1200,1337,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of their time-tree figure. Robinson & Lee (2011) and Robinson (2014a, 2014b) used the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFB082F437FA64C05" authorityName="in Robinson & Lee" authorityYear="2011" box="[1193,1436,578,601]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB082F437FA64C05" box="[1193,1436,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Novocrania japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without formally moving this species from the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFCA12F6479404C20" box="[768,890,613,636]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFCA12F64794F4C20" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[768,885,613,636]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">Craniscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Recent material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFBFE2F647F7D4C21" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[1119,1351,613,637]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFBFE2F647F7D4C21" box="[1119,1351,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here transferred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFE042F8878134CFC" authorityName="Lee & Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[421,553,649,672]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE042F8878134CFC" box="[421,553,649,672]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6FFF8FFF662FAD7B354D73" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1205]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
Cooper (1977, pl. 3, fig. 18) described and figured a specimen from the Caribbean as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFB392FAD7F5B4C98" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1176,1377,684,708]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB392FAD7F5B4C98" box="[1176,1377,684,708]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Crania pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen was examined (figured below) and is identified here as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFCD52FD17E3E4CBB" box="[884,1028,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFCD52FD17E3A4CBB" box="[884,1024,719,743]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">N. turbinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The molecular analyses of Cohen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFA292FD17A8E4D57" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014) placed specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFDDA2FF579354D57" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[635,783,755,779]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFDDA2FF579354D57" box="[635,783,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from off Jamaica and Belize into their Tethys clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFA232FF57AC54D72" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFA232FF57AC54D72" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6FFF8FFF662E3B7E954AE8" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1205]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
I propose that material assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFDD32E3B79644D0D" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[626,862,826,849]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFDD32E3B79644D0D" box="[626,862,826,849]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFC0F2E3B79D44D0D" box="[942,1006,826,849]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Hatai 1940; Lee & Brunton 1986, Motchurova-Dekova
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE2B2E5F7B864D29" box="[394,444,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002), from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFD282E5F78F74D29" box="[649,717,862,885]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Williams & Wright 1970), one specimen from the Caribbean described and figured as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFE182E80793A4DC5" authority="(Cooper 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[441,768,897,921]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE182E8078774DC5" box="[441,589,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
(Cooper 1977)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a specimen described and figured as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFB182E807F324DC4" authorityName="Retzius" authorityYear="1871" box="[1209,1288,897,920]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB182E807F324DC4" box="[1209,1288,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Crania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFF362EA57B244DE1" box="[151,286,932,957]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Cooper 1981), a specimen from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFD692EA579754DE1" box="[712,847,932,957]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFC4A2EA47F7F4DE1" authority="Jackson, 1952" authorityName="Jackson" authorityYear="1952" box="[1003,1349,932,957]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="roseoradiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFC4A2EA47EA74DE0" box="[1003,1181,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. roseoradiata</emphasis>
|
||
Jackson, 1952
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bitner and Logan 2016, fig. 2C), material from the Mediterranean and North Atlantic described and figured as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFA232EC8783C4A5F" authority="(Logan & Long 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFA232EC87AC54A5F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
(Logan & Long 2001)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFD162EEA78E44A58" box="[695,734,1003,1028]" name="Fiji" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Wallace Islands described and figured as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFB4E2EED7F494A5F" authorityName="Lee & Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[1263,1395,1004,1027]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB4E2EED7F494A5F" box="[1263,1395,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Bitner 2008), material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFE43290F78734A7B" box="[482,585,1038,1063]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFD60290E794A4A7B" box="[705,880,1038,1063]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
described and figured as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFB34290E7FA64A7B" authority="(Bitner 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Bitner" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1173,1436,1038,1063]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="reevei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB34290E7EC14A7A" box="[1173,1275,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. reevei</emphasis>
|
||
(Bitner 2010)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFEAB29337B4A4A17" box="[266,368,1074,1099]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE3A293278364A15" box="[411,524,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFE3A29327BC54A15" baseAuthorityName="Bitner" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[411,511,1074,1098]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="reevei">N. reevei</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFDAD293379964A16" authority="(Robinson & Lee 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Robinson & Lee" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[524,940,1074,1099]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFDAD293378AA4A16" box="[524,656,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Robinson & Lee 2011)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all belong to a single species:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFAB929327B3D4A31" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFAB929327B394A31" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">Novocrania turbinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species is also present off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFD37295778E14A32" box="[662,731,1110,1134]" name="Tonga" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Tahiti (specimens labelled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFBFF29577F704A31" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[1118,1354,1110,1133]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFBFF29577F704A31" box="[1118,1354,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the collection of University Museum, the University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6FFF8FFD7D2978791F4ACE" box="[732,805,1145,1170]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6FFF8FFCC2297879A84ACE" box="[867,914,1145,1170]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Bali</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6FFF8FFC6929787E174ACE" box="[968,1069,1145,1170]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Eric Simon pers. comm. 2013). The species names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFED1299C7BE74AE8" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[368,477,1181,1204]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFED1299C7BE74AE8" box="[368,477,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFE45299C787C4AE8" baseAuthorityName="Robinson & Lee" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[484,582,1181,1204]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE45299C787C4AE8" box="[484,582,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFDDC299C78FA4AE8" baseAuthorityName="Bitner" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[637,704,1181,1204]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="reevei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFDDC299C78FA4AE8" box="[637,704,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">reevei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are placed in synonymy under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFBBE299C7E924AE9" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1055,1192,1181,1205]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFBBE299C7E924AE9" box="[1055,1192,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70666D0A6FFF8FFF3629FC7E724BB6" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6FFF8FFF3629FC7E724BB6" blockId="13.[151,1436,1277,1759]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFF3629FC78A94B4F" bold="true" box="[151,659,1277,1299]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
FIGURE 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFEBD29FC7BC44B4F" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[284,510,1277,1299]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFEBD29FC7BC44B4F" bold="true" box="[284,510,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">NOvOcrania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dorsal valves
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFD0329FC788E4B4F" bold="true" box="[674,692,1277,1299]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">A</emphasis>
|
||
. UMUT RB32315a (Okinawa, Japan ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFBE529FF7F2E4B4F" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[1092,1300,1278,1299]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFBE529FF7F2E4B4F" box="[1092,1300,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’). Pustulose/ spinose valve exterior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE20281D7BA84B6E" bold="true" box="[385,402,1308,1330]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">B</emphasis>
|
||
. C211122a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFCAD281C79554B6D" box="[780,879,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. reevei’</emphasis>
|
||
). Pustulose/spinose valve exterior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB76281D7ED34B6E" bold="true" box="[1239,1257,1308,1330]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB57281D7F324B6E" bold="true" box="[1270,1288,1308,1330]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">D</emphasis>
|
||
. NIWA 3248a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE54283B783D4B0C" bold="true" box="[501,519,1338,1360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Pustulose/spinose valve exterior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFCC6283B79434B0C" bold="true" box="[871,889,1338,1360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of whole specimen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB7B283B7ED14B0C" bold="true" box="[1242,1259,1338,1360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">E</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose/spinose valve exterior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFDDC285878B04B33" bold="true" box="[637,650,1369,1391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">F</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44517b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFA9528587F7F4B33" bold="true" box="[1332,1349,1369,1391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">G</emphasis>
|
||
. UMUT RB32315b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6FFF8FFE6D287878A64BD2" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[460,668,1401,1422]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE6D287878A64BD2" box="[460,668,1401,1422]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’). Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFCF12879795E4BD2" bold="true" box="[848,868,1400,1422]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">H</emphasis>
|
||
. NIWA 3248b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFAC128797F504BD2" bold="true" box="[1376,1386,1400,1422]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">I</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE4C2897782D4BF0" bold="true" box="[493,535,1430,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">J–L</emphasis>
|
||
. C211122b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFC0828997E2A4BF0" box="[937,1040,1431,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N. reevei’</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB8A28977E024BF0" bold="true" box="[1067,1080,1430,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB4928977EC64BF0" bold="true" box="[1256,1276,1430,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior oblique.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFF5028B47B384B97" bold="true" box="[241,258,1461,1483]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFC6B28B479D84B97" bold="true" box="[970,994,1461,1483]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">M</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFAC028B47F494B97" bold="true" box="[1377,1395,1461,1483]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFA2328B47FAC4B97" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1461,1483]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">O</emphasis>
|
||
. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFD3C28D578954BB6" bold="true" box="[669,687,1492,1514]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFC3828D579974BB6" bold="true" box="[921,941,1492,1514]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">O</emphasis>
|
||
. Oblique view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6FFF8FFF3628F37B6C4838" blockId="13.[151,1436,1277,1759]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A6FFF8FFF3628F37899487B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736948" country="New Zealand" location="Institite of Water" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
|
||
All scale bars
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A6FFF8FFE9528F37B484854" box="[308,370,1522,1544]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
unless indicated otherwise. C—Australia Museum, Sydney; NIWA—National
|
||
<location id="8ED0603E0A6FFF8FFB1828F37F564854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A6EFF93FF362C0579494AE6:8ED0603E0A6FFF8FFB1828F37F564854" box="[1209,1388,1522,1544]" country="New Zealand" name="Institite of Water" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" stateProvince="Wellington">Institite of Water</location>
|
||
and Atmospheric Research,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6FFF8FFE332B10783E487B" box="[402,516,1553,1575]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Wellington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFDB22B137899487B" box="[531,675,1553,1575]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A6FFF8FFD102B107FA2487B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736952" box="[689,1432,1553,1575]" country="New Zealand" location="Otago" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Otago">
|
||
OU—Geology Museum, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6FFF8FFBF02B107EAB487B" box="[1105,1169,1553,1575]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dunedin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFAA92B137FA2487B" box="[1288,1432,1553,1575]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A6FFF8FFF362B317891481A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736959" box="[151,683,1584,1606]" country="Japan" location="Tokyo" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
|
||
UMUT—Tokyo University Museum,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6FFF8FFDBE2B317858481A" box="[543,610,1584,1606]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFDCF2B307891481A" box="[622,683,1585,1606]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A6FFF8FFD162B317B684838" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736945" country="United States of America" location="Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
|
||
USNM—National
|
||
<location id="8ED0603E0A6FFF8FFCDB2B307EA0481A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A6EFF93FF362C0579494AE6:8ED0603E0A6FFF8FFCDB2B307EA0481A" box="[890,1178,1584,1606]" country="United States of America" name="Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" stateProvince="Washington">Museum of Natural History</location>
|
||
, Smithsonian Institution,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6FFF8FFF362B4F7B284838" box="[151,274,1614,1636]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6FFF8FFEBD2B4F7B684838" box="[284,338,1614,1636]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6FFF8FFF362B6C7B6E4883" blockId="13.[151,1436,1277,1759]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFF362B6C7B5148DF" bold="true" box="[151,363,1645,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">Abbreviations: aaq</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor quick-muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFCB22B6C790C48DF" bold="true" box="[787,822,1645,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">aas</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor slow-muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB742B6C7F3848DF" bold="true" box="[1237,1282,1645,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">com</emphasis>
|
||
—commissure,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFF362B8D7AFF48FE" bold="true" box="[151,197,1676,1698]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">dmc</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsal mantle canal,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFE132B8D7BF748FE" bold="true" box="[434,461,1676,1698]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">dv</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsal valve,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFDCE2B8D78A848FE" bold="true" box="[623,658,1676,1698]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">mp</emphasis>
|
||
—median process,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFCF72B8D795348FE" bold="true" box="[854,873,1676,1698]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">oi</emphasis>
|
||
—oblique internal muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFB0F2B8D7EF348FE" bold="true" box="[1198,1225,1676,1698]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">pa</emphasis>
|
||
—posterior adductor muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFEB82BAB7B7F489C" bold="true" box="[281,325,1706,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">sam</emphasis>
|
||
—small anterior muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFDD02BAB78BF489C" bold="true" box="[625,645,1706,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">ss</emphasis>
|
||
—support structure scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFC222BAB7999489C" bold="true" box="[899,931,1706,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">sut</emphasis>
|
||
—suture,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFBA62BAB7E23489C" bold="true" box="[1031,1049,1706,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">ts</emphasis>
|
||
—tiny anterior septum,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFAAB2BAB7F1B489C" bold="true" box="[1290,1313,1706,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">tu</emphasis>
|
||
—tubercles,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6FFF8FFF362BC87A8A4883" bold="true" box="[151,176,1737,1759]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514">vv</emphasis>
|
||
—ventral valve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70666D0A72FF92FF362DB77E304C42" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A72FF92FF362DB77E304C42" blockId="16.[151,1436,182,756]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF362DB779514E90" bold="true" box="[151,875,182,204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
FIGURE 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FE852DB778364E90" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[292,524,182,204]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE852DB778364E90" bold="true" box="[292,524,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">NOvOcrania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ventral valves and 3D images
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FCDC2DB779B54E90" bold="true" box="[893,911,182,204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">A</emphasis>
|
||
. UTUM RB32315c (Okinawa, Japan ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FA942DB67AC04EB7" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FA942DB67AC04EB7" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’). Ventral valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FDA62DD478224EB7" bold="true" box="[519,536,213,235]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">B</emphasis>
|
||
. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FCCA2DD779EB4EB7" box="[875,977,214,235]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">N. reevei’</emphasis>
|
||
, Australia). Ventral valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FAE52DD47F6C4EB7" bold="true" box="[1348,1366,213,235]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FAC72DD47F424EB7" bold="true" box="[1382,1400,213,235]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FA282DD47FAF4EB7" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,213,235]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">J</emphasis>
|
||
. NIWA 3248c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FD312DF578984F56" bold="true" box="[656,674,244,266]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FC3D2DF579944F56" bold="true" box="[924,942,244,266]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral valve lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FB772DF57ED94F56" bold="true" box="[1238,1251,244,266]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE542C13783C4F74" bold="true" box="[501,518,274,296]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">E</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44529b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FC5F2C137E314F74" bold="true" box="[1022,1035,274,296]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">F</emphasis>
|
||
. UTUM RB32315d (Okinawa, Japan ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FF3E2C337B554F1B" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[159,367,306,327]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF3E2C337B554F1B" box="[159,367,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FCB42C30791C4F1B" bold="true" box="[789,806,305,327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">G</emphasis>
|
||
. NIWA 3248d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FD262C5178A14F3A" bold="true" box="[647,667,336,358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FD082C5178894F3A" bold="true" box="[681,691,336,358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">I</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44530 (Tunisia).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FC3F2C5179884F3A" bold="true" box="[926,946,336,358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE0E2C6F7B834FD8" bold="true" box="[431,441,366,388]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF562C8C7B314FFF" bold="true" box="[247,267,397,419]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">K</emphasis>
|
||
. UTUM RB32315e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FEE32CAD7B484F9E" bold="true" box="[322,370,428,450]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">L–N</emphasis>
|
||
. UTUM RB32315e.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FDEB2CAD78614F9E" bold="true" box="[586,603,428,450]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE842CCB7B074FBC" bold="true" box="[293,317,458,480]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE302CE87B994FA3" bold="true" box="[401,419,489,511]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">N</emphasis>
|
||
. 3D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A72FF92FF362F27793E4C26" blockId="16.[151,1436,182,756]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A72FF92FF362F27792B4C07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736939" country="New Zealand" location="Institite of Water" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
|
||
All scale bars
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A72FF92FE8C2F277B534C60" box="[301,361,550,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
unless indicated otherwise. NHMUK—Natural History Museum, London; NIWA—National
|
||
<location id="8ED0603E0A72FF92FA902F277AE94C07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A6EFF93FF362C0579494AE6:8ED0603E0A72FF92FA902F277AE94C07" country="New Zealand" name="Institite of Water" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" stateProvince="Wellington">Institite of Water</location>
|
||
and Atmospheric Research,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A72FF92FDA22F44784F4C07" box="[515,629,581,603]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Wellington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FD232F47792B4C07" box="[642,785,581,603]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A72FF92FCBF2F447AD64C26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736940" country="New Zealand" location="Otago" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Otago">
|
||
OU—Geology Museum, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A72FF92FB162F447ECD4C07" box="[1207,1271,581,603]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dunedin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FACD2F477AD64C26" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A72FF92FF572F65793A4C26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736947" box="[246,768,612,634]" country="Japan" location="Tokyo" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
|
||
UMUT—Tokyo University Museum,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A72FF92FDD62F6578804C26" box="[631,698,612,634]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FD622F64793A4C26" box="[707,768,613,634]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A72FF92FF362F837EEE4CA8" blockId="16.[151,1436,182,756]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF362F837B634CC4" bold="true" box="[151,345,642,664]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Abbreviations: aa</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FD102F8378E24CC4" bold="true" box="[689,728,642,664]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">aaq</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor quick-muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FBCE2F837EA84CC4" bold="true" box="[1135,1170,642,664]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">aas</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor slowmuscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FEBD2FA07B0E4CEB" bold="true" box="[284,308,673,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">ca</emphasis>
|
||
—radiating canals,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE5D2FA0782D4CEB" bold="true" box="[508,535,673,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">dv</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsal valve,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FD1B2FA078F74CEB" bold="true" box="[698,717,673,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">gl</emphasis>
|
||
—growth layers,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FC212FA079A84CEB" bold="true" box="[896,914,673,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">ir</emphasis>
|
||
—irregular openings,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FBD52FA07EAE4CEB" bold="true" box="[1140,1172,673,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">laa</emphasis>
|
||
—latent anterior adductor muscle scars,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE8A2FC17B744C8A" bold="true" box="[299,334,704,726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">mp</emphasis>
|
||
—median process,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FDB92FC178004C8A" bold="true" box="[536,570,704,726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">my</emphasis>
|
||
—myotest,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FD152FC178F54C8A" bold="true" box="[692,719,704,726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">pa</emphasis>
|
||
—posterior adductor muscle scar, pu—punctae,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FB682FC17ED74C8A" bold="true" box="[1225,1261,704,726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">raa</emphasis>
|
||
—raised anterior adductor muscle scars,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE222FDF7BA04CA8" bold="true" box="[387,410,734,756]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">ro</emphasis>
|
||
—rostellum,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FD812FDF78774CA8" bold="true" box="[544,589,734,756]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">vmc</emphasis>
|
||
—ventral mantle canals,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FCEB2FDF795A4CA8" bold="true" box="[842,864,734,756]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">vs</emphasis>
|
||
—valve surface,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FBAC2FDF7E0B4CA8" bold="true" box="[1037,1073,734,756]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">vsp</emphasis>
|
||
—ventral spike.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A72FF92FF662E1D787F4B29" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A72FF92FF662E1D7E2A4D98" blockId="16.[151,1437,796,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF662E1D7B7B4D69" bold="true" box="[199,321,796,821]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Localities.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FEE82E1C7BE84D68" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[329,466,796,820]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FEE82E1C7BE84D68" box="[329,466,796,820]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a very wide geographical range, from the Caribbean to the North Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Indian Ocean and the eastern and central Pacific Ocean and maybe in the Red Sea (Logan
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF512E647B194D20" box="[240,291,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008 as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE352E647B944D20" box="[404,430,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">N.</emphasis>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FE742E65780D4D20" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[469,567,868,892]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE742E65780D4D20" box="[469,567,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Zuschin & Mayrhofer 2009 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FC0B2E647E144D20" authorityName="Lee & Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[938,1070,869,892]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FC0B2E647E144D20" box="[938,1070,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.). This species appears to be restricted to the lower latitudes between 45° North and 45° South. Localities are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FB2F2E867ED64DFC" box="[1166,1260,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[269,1286,217,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[220,1367,135,1182]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Localities of Novocrania turbinata, yellow rectangles may be N. anomala or N. turbinata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010149/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
which includes localities of material examined (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A72FF92FE5E2EAD786E4D99" box="[511,596,940,965]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Novocrania turbinata material examined. This includes material labelled as N. reevei, N. japonica and Craniscus japonicus which are synonymized in this study under N. turbinata. Latitude / longitude with a ‘ ~ ’ indicates locality is approximate." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
) and published localities (Appendix 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A72FF92FF662ECE7B034AC1" blockId="16.[151,1437,796,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF662ECE7B824DB4" bold="true" box="[199,440,975,1000]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Stratigraphic range.</emphasis>
|
||
Robinson (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FD9A2ED178A84DB4" box="[571,658,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">in press</emphasis>
|
||
) gave this species a provisional stratigraphic range of Early Miocene (Otaian, 21.7–18.7 Ma) to Recent based on fossil specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FC3B2EF47E0D4A51" box="[922,1079,1012,1037]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A72FF92FC782EF57E0D4A51" box="[985,1079,1012,1037]" country="Denmark" name="Sjaelland" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Zealand</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Publications including figured material that may be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FE3B291878134A6C" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[410,553,1048,1072]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FE3B291878134A6C" box="[410,553,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranging in age from Oligocene to Pleistocene are listed and discussed in Robinson (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FEB5293C7B564A08" box="[276,364,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">in press</emphasis>
|
||
). The calibration (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A72FF92FD9E293D78AF4A08" box="[575,661,1084,1109]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="34.[151,239,982,1005]" captionText="TABLE 3. Calibration of the relative time-tree splits using the youngest possible age of the oldest secure N. lecointei fossil record (34.6 Ma) as an absolute minimum age at node K. The error bar values (95 % highest probability density) were supplied by B. L. Cohen." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) of the time-tree (App.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FC07293D79DD4A08" box="[934,999,1084,1109]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,985,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[235,1351,967,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities of Novocrania anomala (red dots) and N. altivertex (orange square). Yellow rectangles may be N. anomala or N. turbinata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010147/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) gives an age of ~ 23 Ma for the split within the Tethys clade between Recent specimens from the eastern and western sides of the Atlantic Ocean (node H, see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A72FF92FF6629A679F24AB8" blockId="16.[151,1437,796,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF6629A678794A9C" bold="true" box="[199,579,1191,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A72FF92FF6629A67B384A9C" box="[199,258,1191,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A72FF92FE0A29A67BE44A9C" box="[427,478,1191,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The location of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A72FF92FC8B29A979604A9C" box="[810,858,1192,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FC5229A87E464A9C" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1011,1148,1192,1216]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FC5229A87E464A9C" box="[1011,1148,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A72FF92FACD29A97FA64A9C" box="[1388,1436,1192,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is probably off the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A72FF92FD8429CD785C4AB9" box="[549,614,1228,1253]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
at bathyal depths (Emig 2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A72FF92FF6629EE787F4B29" blockId="16.[151,1437,796,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF6629EE7B884B54" bold="true" box="[199,434,1263,1288]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Recent specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FD0E29F079004B54" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[687,826,1264,1288]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FD0E29F079004B54" box="[687,826,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined from localities off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FB6F29EE7F0F4B54" box="[1230,1333,1263,1288]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FAE329EE7FA24B54" box="[1346,1432,1263,1288]" name="Croatia" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FF3628157AC64B71" box="[151,252,1300,1325]" name="Lebanon" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FEA628157B674B71" box="[263,349,1300,1325]" name="Tunisia" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Caribbean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FDB52814786D4B70" box="[532,599,1301,1324]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FD2A281579364B71" box="[651,780,1300,1325]" name="Philippines" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Borneo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FCD928147E104B71" box="[888,1066,1300,1325]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Kermadec Ridge (north-east of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FF1728397B754B0C" box="[182,335,1335,1360]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A72FF92FF5228367B754B0C" box="[243,335,1335,1360]" country="Denmark" name="Sjaelland" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Zealand</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FE2E28367BCC4B0C" box="[399,502,1335,1360]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A72FF92FDA4283678674B0C" box="[517,605,1335,1360]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Novocrania turbinata material examined. This includes material labelled as N. reevei, N. japonica and Craniscus japonicus which are synonymized in this study under N. turbinata. Latitude / longitude with a ‘ ~ ’ indicates locality is approximate." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A72FF92FD07283978EC4B0C" box="[678,726,1336,1360]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A72FF92FCC3283879FC4B13" baseAuthorityName="Bitner" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[866,966,1336,1360]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="reevei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FCC3283879FC4B13" box="[866,966,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">N. reevei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE200A72FF92FC7728397E784B0C" box="[982,1090,1336,1360]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
ZB 1522) was borrowed from the Natural History Museum, London.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A72FF93FF66287E7B644D73" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="518" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A72FF92FF66287E7F4D48CD" blockId="16.[151,1437,796,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FF66287E7B634BC4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1407,1432]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsal valve outline varies from sub-oval to sub-hexagonal to sub-quadrate, the apex is between the valve centre and the posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FD7728A279014BE7" box="[726,827,1443,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Figs. 7N</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FCE728A579B64BE0" box="[838,908,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">8A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal valve is sub-conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FAAD28A27F5F4BE0" box="[1292,1381,1443,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
), the exterior has a hummocky surface with an ornament of concentric growth rings and, in many populations, specimens may have minute pustules or spines. Specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FC0E28EA79D5485E" box="[943,1007,1515,1538]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FBA428EB7E5C485F" box="[1029,1126,1514,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FB2328EB7ED2485F" box="[1154,1256,1514,1539]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FB5E28EB7F64485F" box="[1279,1374,1514,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), the Kermadec Ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FEC62B0C7BDE487A" box="[359,484,1549,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FE5A2B0E787D487A" box="[507,583,1551,1574]" name="France" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FDF92B0C788A487A" box="[600,688,1549,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FD672B0C7912487A" box="[710,808,1549,1574]" name="Lebanon" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FC982B0C79AA487A" box="[825,912,1549,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FC762B0E7EBD487A" box="[983,1159,1549,1574]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Robinson & Lee 2011, fig. 3A, B D–H) have minute pustules or spines up to 70 µm wide at the base and 100 µm in length, adult valves may have more than 100 spines (Robinson & Lee 2011). The largest whole specimen examined was from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A72FF92FAC62B547B3648CD" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A72FF92FEB72B797B5648CC" box="[278,364,1656,1681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A72FF92FE122B79782C48CC" box="[435,534,1656,1680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="mm" value="11.2">11.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and 5.0 mm deep (Robinson & Lee 2011, fig. 2C, NMNZ BR.001525).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A72FF93FF662B9D7BDC4E88" blockId="16.[151,1437,796,2036]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,1210]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="518" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
In the dorsal valve interior the posterior adductor muscle scars are sub-round to sub-oval, usually slightly convex and have punctae scattered across the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FD572BBE7953488B" box="[758,873,1727,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8G–J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oblique internal muscle scars are small, suboval, lateral to the posterior adductor muscle scarsand often tilted so they are directed medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FB482BE37F6348A7" box="[1257,1369,1762,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior adductor muscle scars and support structure scars occur on raised pedestals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FBF02A077EF54943" box="[1105,1231,1798,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8G–O</figureCitation>
|
||
). These vary from low (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FF752A287B0A491E" box="[212,304,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
||
) to high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FE0B2A287811491E" box="[426,555,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8H–O</figureCitation>
|
||
). These muscle scars may face ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FBBB2A287E4F491E" box="[1050,1141,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
) or be tilted towards the posterior, from gently (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FE3A2A4C783D4939" box="[411,519,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
) to steeply (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FD322A4C79394939" box="[659,771,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8J–L</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a single ventrally-pointing median process at the anterior apex of the two pedestals and the small anterior muscle scars are placed on either side, facing posteriolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FEA32A957B6349F0" box="[258,345,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8L</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is often a tiny septum running a short way anteriorly from the anterior base of the median process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FF5B2AB67B5B498C" box="[250,353,1975,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB110250A72FF92FE8F2AB97B72498C" box="[302,328,1976,2000]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">8I</date>
|
||
, J
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anteriorly of the pedestals are the dorsal mantle canals (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A72FF92FC4E2AB67EAA4993" box="[1007,1168,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">vascula media</emphasis>
|
||
), often incised in larger specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A72FF92FEBA2ADA7B4C49AF" box="[283,374,2011,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
||
). These branch from a single stem that emerges between the median process and the pedestals of the anterior muscles. The dorsal valve surface is densely punctate. The marginal rim is concave with tubercles on the inner edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FEC92DBA7BED4E88" box="[360,471,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1277,1299]" captionText="FIGURE 8. NOvOcrania turbinata dorsal valves. A. UMUT RB 32315 a (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. B. C 211122 a (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. C, D. NIWA 3248 a (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. D. Lateral view of whole specimen. E. OU 44523 (Port Cros, France). Pustulose / spinose valve exterior. F. OU 44517 b (Lebanon). Pustule on valve exterior, suture arrowed. G. UMUT RB 32315 b (Okinawa, Japan, ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Valve interior. H. NIWA 3248 b (Kermadec Ridge). Valve interior. I. OU 44529 (Croatia). Valve interior. J – L. C 211122 b (Arafura Sea, Australia, ‘ N. reevei’). J. Valve interior. K. Valve interior oblique. L. Posterior view of raised anterior muscle scars and median process. M. OU 44530 (Tunisia) Valve interior. N, O. USNM 431690 (Dominican Republic, Caribbean). N. Dorsal valve interior. O. Oblique view." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 8H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A73FF93FF662DDF79E44C6A" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
The ventral valve varies from being nearly flat to, more commonly, a shallow to deep bowl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FB422DDF7F674EAB" box="[1251,1373,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior adductor muscle scars are large and sub-oval. The rostellum has a slim, round-topped spike (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FAB22C037FB54F47" box="[1299,1423,258,283]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
), the oblique internal muscles attach ventrally to the flattened sides of the spike’s rounded tip. The anterior adductor muscles attach ventrally to the rostellum, on either side of the spike (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FC372C487E394F3D" box="[918,1027,329,354]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9F–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior adductor muscle scars may be flush with the rostellum surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FDC12C6D78C34FD9" box="[608,761,364,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), may be convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FC672C6D7E214FD9" box="[966,1051,364,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
), or may be latent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FB522C6D7FAA4FD9" box="[1267,1424,364,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9C, D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). This variation appears to occur in all populations. The ventral mantle canals may be incised in the valve floor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FACE2C917AE34F90" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The marginal rim is usually convex and usually has sub-round canals showing at the surface, they may be large and very obvious (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FE042CD678644FB3" box="[421,606,471,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9A, C, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) or smaller and less obvious (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FC0C2CD67E1E4FB3" box="[941,1060,471,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes the canals open onto the valve floor where they commonly have an irregular shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FCD12CFB79D14C4F" box="[880,1003,506,531]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are no punctae on the ventral valve floor, but they sometimes occur on the ventral muscle scars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FC232F1C79EB4C6A" box="[898,977,541,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB110250A73FF93FC162F1F79EB4C6A" box="[951,977,542,566]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">9I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A73FF93FF662F407B644D73" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
The calcitic ventral valves of craniids are composed of many thin layers, about 50 µm thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FB7D2F407F744C06" box="[1244,1358,577,602]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9D, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A73FF93FA232F437AC54C21" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A73FF93FA232F437AC54C21" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ventral valve growth layers form radiating tube-shaped canals 100–400 µm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FAB82F647FAE4C21" box="[1305,1428,613,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9K–N</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the growth layers can be observed in the walls of the canals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FC232F8979E74CFD" box="[898,989,648,673]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The canals begin at the valve edge as part of the rim, becoming longer as each successive layer is added to the valve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FB852FAD7E924C98" box="[1060,1192,684,709]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9K–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Canals begun in the juvenile stages of valve growth are covered over as they become part of the valve bowl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FB282FCE7EDF4CB4" box="[1161,1253,719,744]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The 3D image (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FF3E2FF27AC24D57" box="[159,248,755,780]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 9. NOvOcrania turbinata ventral valves and 3 D images. A. UTUM RB 32315 c (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Ventral valve interior. B. NHMUK ZB 1522 (holotype ‘ N. reevei’, Australia). Ventral valve interior. C, D, J. NIWA 3248 c (Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand). C. Ventral valve interior. D. Ventral valve lateral view. J. Close-up of thin layers making up ventral valve. E. OU 44529 b (Croatia). Ventral valve interior. F. UTUM RB 32315 d (Okinawa, Japan ‘ Craniscus japonicus ’). Oblique view of ventral valve interior. G. NIWA 3248 d. Close-up of rostellum with slim, round-topped spike and latent anterior adductor muscle scars. H, I. OU 44530 (Tunisia). H. Close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar and ventral spike on rostellum. I. Very close-up of anterior adductor muscle scar showing myotest on quick and slow-muscle scar surfaces. K. UTUM RB 32315 e (Okinawa, Japan). Broken valve showing canals, incremental growth layers and valve surface covering canals. L – N. UTUM RB 32315 e. L. Micro-CT scan horizontal slice through ventral valve (line L in Fig. M) showing radial canals. M. Micro-CT scan vertical slice down midline (line M on Fig. L) showing anterior process on dorsal valve and canals in ventral valve. N. 3 D image from micro-CT scan with cutaway (line N on Fig. L) showing dorsal anterior muscle raising structures hanging above rostellum, ventral valve composed of radiating canals." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 9N</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows the raised pedestals and process of the dorsal valve hanging above and surrounding the rostellum and ventral spike.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A73FF93FF662E38788F4A5A" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A73FF93FF662E38788F4A5A" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A73FF93FF662E387B114D0E" bold="true" box="[199,299,825,850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A73FF93FD8D2E3B788C4D0E" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[556,694,826,850]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A73FF93FD8D2E3B788C4D0E" box="[556,694,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in sea caves and attached to boulders and rock walls at depths ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A73FF93FE242E5C7BD04D2A" box="[389,490,861,886]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="78.5" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="7.0">7–150 m</quantity>
|
||
(Logan & Long 2001). This species occurs in sea caves around the Ryuku Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A73FF93FF362E837AE04DC5" box="[151,218,898,921]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with a depth range of shallow water down to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A73FF93FD5F2E8379034DC5" box="[766,825,898,922]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
(Saito
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A73FF93FC312E8379FE4DC6" box="[912,964,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000). Specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A73FF93FB4D2E837FA64DC6" box="[1260,1436,897,922]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
attached to coral branches were collected at
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A73FF93FD292EA778FB4DE2" box="[648,705,934,958]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="24.0">24 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A73FF93FD712EA479134DE2" box="[720,809,933,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fig. 7N</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A73FF93FC942EA479B24DE2" box="[821,904,933,958]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Novocrania turbinata material examined. This includes material labelled as N. reevei, N. japonica and Craniscus japonicus which are synonymized in this study under N. turbinata. Latitude / longitude with a ‘ ~ ’ indicates locality is approximate." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
) and have been collected at
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A73FF93FB692EA47F7C4DE2" box="[1224,1350,933,958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="107.5" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="105.0">105–110 m</quantity>
|
||
(Bitner 2010). Specimens have been collected off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A73FF93FDCE2EC878AC4DBE" box="[623,662,969,994]" name="Fiji" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Wallace Islands between
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A73FF93FC472ECB7E5F4DBD" box="[998,1125,970,994]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="310.0" valueMax="420.0" valueMin="200.0">200–420 m</quantity>
|
||
(Bitner 2008), and between
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A73FF93FF362EEF7B324A5A" box="[151,264,1006,1030]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="12.8" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="79.5" valueMax="128.0" valueMin="31.0">31–128 m</quantity>
|
||
around the Australian coast (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A73FF93FDF12EEC789D4A5A" box="[592,679,1005,1030]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Novocrania turbinata material examined. This includes material labelled as N. reevei, N. japonica and Craniscus japonicus which are synonymized in this study under N. turbinata. Latitude / longitude with a ‘ ~ ’ indicates locality is approximate." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A73FF93FF66291079494AE6" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A73FF93FF66291079494AE6" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A73FF93FF6629107B014A76" bold="true" box="[199,315,1041,1066]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Williams & Wright (1970, text fig. 14) proposed that the canals in the ventral valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A73FF93FA8B29137B3E4A12" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Craniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A73FF93FA8B29137B3E4A12" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Craniscus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A73FF93FE8B29367B884A12" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[298,434,1078,1102]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A73FF93FE8B29367B884A12" box="[298,434,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] were “storage centres” and illustrated the ventral mantle extending down into the canals. Lee & Brunton (1986, p. 156) suggested that the canals in the ventral valves of some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A73FF93FAB8295B7F534A2D" authorityName="Retzius" authorityYear="1871" box="[1305,1385,1114,1137]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A73FF93FAB8295B7F534A2D" box="[1305,1385,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Crania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A73FF93FF36297F7B044AC9" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,318,1150,1173]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Ancistrocrania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A73FF93FF36297F7B044AC9" box="[151,318,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Ancistrocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were enlarged endopuncta and were a way of the animals building up their ventral valves without having to produce as much calcite as a solid valve would require.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |