224 lines
20 KiB
XML
224 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFFDFFFC1693F3A4F9A6F446" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Vampyrodes major G. M. Allen 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="561" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="560" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760895" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFFDFFFC1693F3A4F9A6F446" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFFDFFFC1693F3A4F9A6F446" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<subSubSection box="[1455,1535,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1450,2468,3102,3228]" box="[1455,1535,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<heading box="[1455,1535,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<figureCitation box="[1455,1535,3102,3148]" captionStart="Plate 42: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="69.[132,162,3301,3326]" captionTargetBox="[19,2765,12,3653]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="143. Guadeloupean Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma tmprovisum), 144. Little Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma trinitatum), 145. Salvin’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma salvini), 146. Hairy Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma villosum), 147. Brazilian Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma doriae), 148. Vizotto’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma vizottoi), 149. Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus bidens), 150. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus brocki), 151. Striped Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus nymphaea), 152. Baker’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bakeri), 153. Common Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bilobatum), 154. Pacific Tent-making Bat (Uroderma convexum), 155. Davis’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma dauvisi), 156. Brown Tent-making Bat (Uroderma magnirostrum), 157. Kalko’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa elisabethae), 158. Melissa’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa melissa), 159. Quechuan Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa sinchi), 160. Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa thyone), 161. Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa pusilla), 162. MacConnell’s Bat (Mesophylla macconnelli), 163. Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes caraccioli), 164. Great Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes major)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459035/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">164.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1553,2012,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1450,2468,3102,3228]" box="[1553,2012,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<heading box="[1553,2012,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<vernacularName box="[1553,2012,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Great Stripe-faced Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2067,2403,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1450,2468,3102,3228]" box="[2067,2403,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<heading box="[2067,2403,3102,3148]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. M. Allen, 1908" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" box="[2067,2403,3102,3148]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis box="[2067,2403,3102,3148]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Vampyrodes major</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1450,2468,3102,3228]" box="[1452,2468,3166,3187]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<heading box="[1452,2468,3166,3187]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1527,3166,3187]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1536,1713,3166,3187]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Grand Vampyrode</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1734,1825,3166,3187]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1834,2166,3166,3187]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">GroR3e Streifengesichtfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2187,2278,3166,3187]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2285,2391,3166,3187]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Vampirode</vernacularName>
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grande
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1450,2468,3102,3228]" box="[1451,1950,3205,3226]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<heading box="[1451,1950,3205,3226]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1451,1698,3205,3226]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1708,1950,3205,3226]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Greater Stripe-faced Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1450,2658,3272,3469]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1451,1606,3272,3305]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="G. M. Allen, 1908" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" box="[1620,2095,3272,3305]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Vampyrodes major G. M. Allen, 1908</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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“San Pablo, Isthmus of
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<collectingCountry box="[2433,2546,3272,3305]" name="Panama" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Panama</collectingCountry>
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,” Canal Zone,
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<collectingCountry box="[1541,1655,3318,3343]" name="Panama" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Panama</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1450,2658,3272,3469]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<taxonomicName box="[1455,1686,3351,3384]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Vampyrodes major</taxonomicName>
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has been treated as a subspecies or a valid species in the past, but P. M. Velazco and N. B. Simmons in 2011 demonstrated its distinction from
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caraccioli">V. caraccioli</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="561" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458930/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" targetBox="[130,720,286,699]" targetPageId="77">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[743,1335,286,709]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[744,920,286,315]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From S
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<collectingCountry box="[1068,1170,286,315]" name="Mexico" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[1202,1328,286,315]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[745,851,329,354]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[867,981,329,354]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
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, and
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<collectingRegion box="[1059,1171,329,354]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
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) S through Central America to W
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<collectingCountry box="[1069,1206,361,394]" name="Colombia" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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and NW
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<collectingCountry box="[745,865,400,433]" name="Ecuador" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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; probably in
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<collectingCountry box="[1051,1208,400,433]" name="El Salvador" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="561" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[743,1335,286,709]" lastBlockId="77.[129,1335,715,1537]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[744,996,440,473]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 77-89 mm (tailless), ear 19-23 mm, hindfoot 12-19 mm, forearm 49-2-58-6 mm; weight 30-47 g. The Great Stripe-faced Bat is rather large. Dorsal fur is dark brown to reddish brown. Dorsal hairs are bicolored, with pale bases and dark tips. Wide, brilliant, white median dorsal stripe extends from between ears to rump. Ventral pelage is pale brownish; hairs are tricolored, with basal pale brownish bands (70-80% of hair length), short dark brown subterminal bands, and tiny pale brownish terminal bands. Head has conspicuous white supraocular and subocular stripes, with entirely white hairs. Ears have yellowish bases and margins, and distal one-half is brown. Tragusis small, ¢.25% of ear length, and yellowish. Noseleaf is simple, brown, and yellowish on edges of horseshoe and base of spear. Uropatagium is short (6-10 mm width), with inverted V-shaped posterior margin and fringed with dense long hairs along trailing edge. Tail is absent. Rostrum is broad and robust. Notch on nasal region is small or absent. Postorbital processes are prominent. Palate is short, relatively narrow, and Vshaped at end. Sagittal crest is well developed. Well-developed groove occurs between occipital condyle and paracondylar process. Mandible has prominent angular and coronoid processes. Mandibular condyle is well above tooth row. I' are buccolingually compressed and convergent, usually contacting at tips. No diastema occurs between maxillary and mandibular post-canine teeth. Cusp of P, is subequal in height with that of C,. M,is small, less than one-half the mesiodistal length of M| and M,. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56, with ten pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and four pairs of subtelocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, and Ychromosome is submetacentric.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="561" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[129,1335,715,1537]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,240,1464,1497]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Humid, evergreen forests from sea level up to ¢.
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<quantity box="[958,1069,1464,1497]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
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(more commonly 460-760 m), mainly on Caribbean slope of Central America.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="561" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[1400,2614,283,1538]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1665,283,316]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Great Stripe-faced Bat is a canopy frugivore, specialized on eating fruits/infructescences of figs (
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<taxonomicName box="[1891,1960,326,355]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1977,2121,326,355]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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). On Barro Colorado Island (
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<collectingCountry name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Panama</collectingCountry>
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), 76% of diet was species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1875,1942,362,395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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. Thirteen species representing five genera and four families are known to be eaten:
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<taxonomicName box="[1918,2033,401,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Spondias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Spondias</taxonomicName>
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mombin and S. radlkoferi (
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<taxonomicName box="[2381,2595,401,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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);
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<taxonomicName box="[1409,1721,440,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calophyllaceae" genus="Calophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">Calophyllum longifolium</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[1743,1964,440,473]" family="Calophyllaceae" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" rank="family">Calophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
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);
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<taxonomicName box="[1988,2055,440,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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dugandii, F. insipida, I. maxima, F. obtusifolia, EF pertusa, F trigonata, I. yoponensis,
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<taxonomicName box="[1965,2032,488,513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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sp., and
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<taxonomicName box="[2160,2284,488,513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Poulsenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Poulsenia</taxonomicName>
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armata (all
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<taxonomicName box="[2451,2595,488,513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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); and
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<taxonomicName box="[1469,1537,523,552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[1602,1764,523,552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
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). It occasionally eats pollen and nectar.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="561" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[1400,2614,283,1538]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1540,558,591]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive data from the Great Stripe-faced Bat suggests seasonal polyestry, with birth peak in beginning of wet season (April-May) and reproductive quiescence in late wet season when fruits are scarce. Females can breed twice a year, in January and July in
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<collectingCountry box="[1683,1797,676,709]" name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Panama</collectingCountry>
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. One young is born per pregnancy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="561" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[1400,2614,283,1538]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1404,1639,716,749]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingCountry box="[1691,1804,716,749]" name="Panama" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, the Great Stripe-faced Bats left their day roosts ¢.45 minutes after sunset and had a peak flight activity during the first two hours after sunset and another peak about eight hours after sunset. During a full moon, periods of inactivity were prolonged, and sometimes individuals were inactive for as long as four hours. It roosts under foliage of subcanopy trees. On Barro Colorado Island, most captures were 3-12 m aboveground. Right after leaving a day roost, individuals flew directly to a fruiting tree at an average distance of
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||
<quantity box="[2125,2211,952,985]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
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from roosts. When feeding, individuals did not stay on a fruiting tree but carried fruits one at a time to a feeding roost, always less than
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<quantity box="[1715,1796,1031,1064]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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from the fruiting tree. During the day,it roosts in unmodified foliage under umbrella-like crowns of trees 7-12 m aboveground.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="561" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="77.[1400,2614,283,1538]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,2100,1110,1143]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Great Stripe-faced Bats
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<taxonomicName box="[2437,2611,1110,1143]" form="groups" pageId="77" pageNumber="561" rank="form">form groups</taxonomicName>
|
||
of 1-4 adults and their young. Group composition is stable, but roost sites change almost daily. Groups consist of small harems of 2-3 females and one male; bachelor males roost alone. A radio-tagged female roosted in groups of 3—4 bats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="561" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="77.[1400,2614,283,1538]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1755,1268,1301]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Great Stripe-faced Bat is considered rare, but low capture rates might be related to the fact that it forages in the canopy, well above heights of commonly used ground-level mist nets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="561" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="77.[1400,2614,283,1538]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1559,1435,1460]" pageId="77" pageNumber="561">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen, G.M. (1908), Baker (1973), Bonaccorso (1979), Gardner (2008e), Handley (1966b), Handley etal. (1991), Morrison (1980), Reid (2009), Starrett & Casebeer (1968), Tirira (2017), Velazco & Simmons (2011), Willis et al. (1990).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |