235 lines
21 KiB
XML
235 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFEDFFEC168CF3F2FD87FB81" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Artibeus watsoni Thomas 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="577" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="576" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6762014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6762014" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFEDFFEC168CF3F2FD87FB81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFEDFFEC168CF3F2FD87FB81" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<subSubSection box="[1456,1538,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[1453,2455,3144,3272]" box="[1456,1538,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<heading box="[1456,1538,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<figureCitation box="[1456,1538,3144,3190]" captionStart="Plate 44: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="87.[142,171,3248,3273]" captionTargetBox="[12,2759,16,3658]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="187. Brown Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus concolor), 188. Honduran Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus inopinatus), 189. Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus fraterculus), 190. Hairy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus hirsutus), 192. Ecuadorian Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aequatorialis), 193. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus jamaicenss), 194. Dark Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus obscurus), 195. Schwartz’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus schwartzi), 196. Great Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus lLituratus), 197. Large Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus amplus), 198. Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus planirostris), 199. Rosenberg’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus rosenberg), 200. Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus watsoni), 201. Toltec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus toltecus), 202. Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus phaeotis), 203. Gervais’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus cinereus), 204. Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus anderseni), 205. Little Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus ravus), 206. Aztec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aztecus), 207. Bogota Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus bogotensis), 208. Silvery Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus glaucus), 209. Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus gnomus), 210. Jamaican Fig-eating Bat (Ariteus flavescens), 211. Tree Bat (Ardops nichollsi), 212. Red Fruit Bat (Stenoderma rufum), 213. Wrinkle-faced Bat (Centurio senex), 214. Ipanema Broad-nosed Bat (Pygoderma bilabiatum), 215. Visored Bat (Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum), 216. Little White-shouldered Bat (Ametrida centurio), 217. Cuban Fig-eating Bat (Phyllops falcatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459039/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">200.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1554,2091,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[1453,2455,3144,3272]" box="[1554,2091,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<heading box="[1554,2091,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<vernacularName box="[1554,2091,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2141,2454,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="92.[1453,2455,3144,3272]" box="[2141,2454,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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||
<heading box="[2141,2454,3144,3190]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1901" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[2141,2454,3144,3190]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni">
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<emphasis box="[2141,2454,3144,3190]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Artibeus watsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="576" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[1453,2455,3144,3272]" box="[1455,2403,3207,3228]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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||
<heading box="[1455,2403,3207,3228]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1455,1530,3207,3228]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1540,1765,3207,3228]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Dermanure de Watson</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1786,1877,3207,3228]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1882,2098,3207,3228]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Thomas-Fruchtvampir</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2118,2210,3207,3228]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2218,2403,3207,3228]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Artibeo de Watson</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="92.[1453,2455,3144,3272]" box="[1454,1958,3247,3268]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<heading box="[1454,1958,3247,3268]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1454,1701,3247,3268]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1708,1958,3247,3268]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Watson's Fruit-eating Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="576" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[1453,2661,3313,3474]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1454,1609,3313,3346]" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1901" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[1621,2040,3313,3346]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watson">Artibeus watson: Thomas, 1901</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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“Bogava [= Bugaba,]
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<collectingRegion box="[2356,2474,3313,3346]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2491,2605,3313,3346]" name="Panama" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">Panama</collectingCountry>
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. Altitude
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<quantity box="[1547,1634,3353,3386]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[1453,2661,3313,3474]" lastBlockId="93.[745,1337,302,725]" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="92" pageNumber="576">
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<taxonomicName box="[1454,1669,3392,3425]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus watsoni</taxonomicName>
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is placed in
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<taxonomicName box="[1834,1981,3392,3425]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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by some authors, but it was reassigned to
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<taxonomicName box="[2555,2660,3392,3425]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
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(subgenus
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<taxonomicName box="[1613,1761,3435,3464]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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) after reinterpretation of molecular results.
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="577" order="Chiroptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jucundum">Dermanura jucundum</taxonomicName>
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Elliot 1906 from
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<collectingRegion box="[1046,1170,302,331]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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(S
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<collectingCountry box="[1219,1322,302,331]" name="Mexico" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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) has been considered a synonym; A. incomitatus described by E. K. V. Kalko and C. O. Handley, Jr., 1994 from Isla Escudo (
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<collectingCountry name="Panama" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Panama</collectingCountry>
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) is molecularly the same as
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<taxonomicName box="[1191,1329,460,489]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watson">A. watson</taxonomicName>
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. Other authors also listed
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<taxonomicName box="[1098,1259,495,528]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosenbergi">A. rosenbergi</taxonomicName>
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from north-western
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<collectingCountry box="[952,1070,539,568]" name="Ecuador" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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as a synonym, but it is a distinct species based on molecular and morphological analyses. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="distribution">
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458995/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" targetBox="[130,721,308,723]" targetPageId="93">
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||
<paragraph blockId="93.[745,1337,302,725]" lastBlockId="93.[127,1335,735,2501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[745,920,657,686]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From S
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<collectingCountry box="[1064,1166,657,686]" name="Mexico" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[1195,1321,657,686]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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) through Central America (mainly in the Caribbean lowlands of
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<collectingCountry box="[462,611,735,764]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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) to SE
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<collectingCountry box="[722,836,735,764]" name="Panama" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Panama</collectingCountry>
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. Records from NW South America would represent
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<taxonomicName box="[368,531,770,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosenbergi">A. rosenbergi</taxonomicName>
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, which was thought to be part of this taxon.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[127,1335,735,2501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,378,818,843]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 50-58 mm (tailless), ear 14-17 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 35-41 mm; weight 9-15-6 g. Thomas’s Fruit-eating Bat is small, with facial stripes and short broad rostrum. Dorsalfur is gray-brown or tan, long (6-7 mm), fluffy, and faintly tricolored. Rostrum has two well-marked white facial stripes, but supraocular is more evident than subocular. Ventralfur is slightly paler than dorsum. Ears and noseleaf are pale brown, and bases of ears are sometimes edged in white, cream, or rarely yellow. Horseshow of noseleafis free. Fur covers more than one-half of each forearm. Wing membranes are brownish, except for second interdigital membrane that lacks pigmentation. Tail membrane is pale brown, moderated in size (10-12 mm), U-shaped, and almost completely naked. Dental formulais12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M 2/3 (
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<date box="[143,178,1207,1236]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">x2</date>
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) = 30. Skull has inflated frontal and supraorbital areas. Hypocone (talon) on M' is narrow, and M, is small, but it does not have defined cusps.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[127,1335,735,2501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,241,1283,1316]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Common to abundant in semideciduous and evergreen lowlands forests, second growth, and fruit groves and also upland and swamp forests on islands from lowlands to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity box="[448,554,1362,1395]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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(usually below
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<quantity box="[771,860,1362,1395]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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). Thomas’s Fruit-eating Bat favors taller and more humid forests than the Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat (A.
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<taxonomicName box="[1066,1176,1401,1434]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phaeotis">phaeotis</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="93.[127,1335,735,2501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,390,1441,1474]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Thomas’s Fruit-eating Bat is mainly frugivorous and includes fruits of
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<taxonomicName box="[167,233,1480,1513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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||
spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[321,466,1480,1513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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||
),
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<taxonomicName box="[495,600,1480,1513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[688,845,1480,1513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
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), and
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||
<taxonomicName box="[935,1002,1480,1513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
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||
spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[1087,1243,1480,1513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
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) in its diet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[127,1335,735,2501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,263,1559,1592]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Breeding pattern of Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat has been characterized as a bimodal polyestry. Most reproductive females were found in February and June but records include February-April,July-August, and November. Without exception, each gravid female had one embryo.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[127,1335,735,2501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,364,1717,1750]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Thomas’s Fruit-eating Bats is nocturnal. It seems to be active at the first hour after sunset and again in early morning hours. It appears to be an obligate tent-maker because it has not been found roosting in other situations. For tents,it modifies leaves of
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<taxonomicName box="[395,517,1839,1868]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heliconia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[541,748,1839,1868]" family="Heliconiaceae" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
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), banana (
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<taxonomicName box="[905,1050,1839,1868]" family="Musaceae" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
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), bifid and palmate palm (
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<taxonomicName box="[223,370,1875,1908]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Anthurium</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[386,506,1875,1908]" family="Araceae" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
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), and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[746,950,1875,1908]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyclanthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Leaves are cut in a variety of styles, depending on shape and size. Individuals (usually males) occupying a tent roost make distinctive multiharmonic social call. These calls could help females find available roosts, or indicate presence of a male in the tent to other males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="93.[127,1335,735,2501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,857,2037,2066]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas’s Fruit-eating Bat roost alone or
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[257,406,2072,2105]" form="small" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" rank="form">form small</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups. Variation in roost fidelity among males and females, and among individuals under different breeding conditions, depended on relative roost availability. In a fragmented landscape in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[714,827,2151,2184]" name="Panama" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, home ranges of radio-tracked individuals varied widely from 1-8 ha to 17-9 ha (mean c.9 ha).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="93.[127,1335,735,2501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,479,2234,2263]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni">Dermanura watsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat has a wide distribution, is locally common, occurs in protected areas, and is tolerant of some degree of habitat modification, suggesting population stability.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="93.[127,1335,735,2501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,282,2396,2421]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Albrecht et al. (2007), Andersen (1908c), Chaverri et al. (2007), Davis (1970a), Gillam et al. (2013), Kalko & Handley (1994), LaVal & Rodriguez-Herrera (2002), Reid (2009), Rodriguez-Herrera et al. (2007), Stoner (2001), Thomas (1897a, 1901a), Timm (1987).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |