192 lines
18 KiB
XML
192 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFBCFFBC16BCFD66F663FEFB" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lonchorhina fernandez Ochoa & Ibanez 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="497" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="497" updateTime="1656355241220" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6762171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6762171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFBCFFBC16BCFD66F663FEFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFBCFFBC16BCFD66F663FEFB" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<subSubSection box="[1408,1463,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1404,2597,732,820]" box="[1408,1463,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<heading box="[1408,1463,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<figureCitation box="[1408,1463,732,778]" captionStart="Plate 35: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="5.[140,170,3304,3329]" captionTargetBox="[27,2763,17,3651]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="1. Californian Leat-nosed Bat (Macrotus californicus), 2. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Macrotus waterhousu), 3. Orange-throated Bat (Lampronycteris brachyotis), 4. Tiny Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris minuta), 5. Sanborn’s Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris sanborni), 6. Schmidts’ Big-eared Bat (Mucronycteris schmidtorum), 7. Yates’s Big-eared Bat (Micronycleris yaltest), 8. Hairy Big-eared Bat (Muicronycteris hirsuta), 9. Brosset’s Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris brosseti), 10. Giovanni's Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris giovanniae), 11. Matses Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris matses), 12. Litde Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris megalotis), 13. Common Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris microtis), 14. Saint Vincent Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris buriri), 15. Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), 16. White-winged Vampire Bat (Diaemus youngii), 17. Hairy-legged Vampire Bat (Diphylla ecaudata), 18. Common Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina aurita), 19. Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina fernandez), 20. Uncommon Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina inusitata), 21. Orinoco Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina orinocensis), 22. Chiribiquete Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina mankomara), 23. Marinkelle’s Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina marinkellei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458620/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">19.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1479,2094,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1404,2597,732,820]" box="[1479,2094,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<heading box="[1479,2094,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<vernacularName box="[1479,2094,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2164,2596,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1404,2597,732,820]" box="[2164,2596,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<heading box="[2164,2596,732,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<taxonomicName authority="Ochoa & Ibanez, 1984" authorityName="Ochoa & Ibanez" authorityYear="1984" box="[2164,2596,732,778]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandez">
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<emphasis box="[2164,2596,732,778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Lonchorhina fernandez</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1405,2477,797,818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1404,2597,732,820]" box="[1405,2477,797,818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<heading box="[1405,2477,797,818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,1481,797,818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1490,1754,797,818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Lonchorhine de Fernandez</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1775,1865,797,818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1875,2114,797,818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Fernandez-Schwertnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2136,2227,797,818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2237,2477,797,818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Loncorino de Fernandez</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[2015,2613,868,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2016,2172,868,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Ochoa & Ibanez, 1984" authorityName="Ochoa & Ibanez" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandez">Lonchorhina fernandez Ochoa & Ibanez, 1984</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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“entre Puerto Ayacucho y El Burro,”
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<quantity box="[2199,2336,951,976]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" unit="km" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40-50 km</quantity>
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NE of Puerto Ayacucho (along the highway),
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<collectingRegion box="[2457,2604,982,1015]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2015,2162,1021,1054]" name="Venezuela" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2016,2379,1060,1093]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[2015,2613,868,1291]" box="[2016,2379,1060,1093]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458640" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458640/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" targetBox="[1402,1993,871,1284]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[2015,2613,868,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2016,2193,1100,1133]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Known only from vicinity of type locality along Rio Orinoco in
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<collectingRegion box="[2511,2610,1140,1173]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Bolivar</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion box="[2078,2222,1184,1213]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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states,
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<collectingCountry box="[2323,2470,1184,1213]" name="Venezuela" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[2015,2613,868,1291]" lastBlockId="13.[1394,2612,1297,3263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2016,2267,1219,1252]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 53-57 mm, tail 41-48 mm, ear 18-22 mm, hindfoot 8-11 mm, forearm 41-44 mm; weight 9-7-10 g. Dorsal fur of Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat is brownish, with dark-based hairs almost one-third of their lengths; ventral fur looks frosted, with individual hairs having brownish bases, cinnamon middles, and pale tips. Three specimens had some extent of white hairs (as small patches) on ventral or dorsal regions. Like other species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2015,2179,1455,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lonchorhina</taxonomicName>
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, it has unusually long noseleaf and proportionally long ears, almost as tall as noseleaf. Sella is relatively large; filiform, corni prenariale majus, and minus (at base of sella) are reduced; and filiform lacks lateral expansions (allae and lamina), resulting in less ornamented sella. Wing membranes are dark, blackish, and sparsely haired, with very short white hairs. Forearm looks naked, with only a few dispersed hairs. Third metacarpal is largest in series, and fifth is shortest;first phalanx of finger III is almost 46% the length of second phalanx. Whitish hairs on ventral region of plagiopatagium contrast markedly with ventral fur and sometimes look like whitish spots on both sides of body. Short hairs, not visible to the naked eye, cover dorsal surface of uropatagium and legs. Long tail extends to posterior margin of long uropatagium, giving it a pointy look. Skull has short wide rostrum, and frontals are flat between orbits. Nasals end well behind premaxillae. Strong lacrimal crests extend to and join maxillae anteriorly, and postorbital is very constricted posteriorly. Interorbital depression is slightly concave, reaching level of interorbital constriction. Braincase is elevated, showing no depression on its posterior portion. Temporal and lambdoid crests are inconspicuous. Palate is domed between tooth rows. Basisphenoid pits are deep posteriorly. Length of C'-M?® is shorter than breadth at M®. Lingual cingulum of C' is slightly convex; P® has almost circular base. Hypocones of upper molars are little developed. Lowerincisors are trilobed; anterior end of C, cingulum is slightly projected to lingual side. Base of P,is laterally expanded over mandibular ramus, and P, is small and hidden between P, and P,. Vertebrae formula is seven cervical, twelve thoracic, six lumbar, six sacra, and nine caudal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1394,2612,1297,3263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1512,2323,2356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Tropical savanna grasslands in transition of llanos and the Amazon at elevations of 70-90 m (vicinity oftype locality).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1394,2612,1297,3263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1666,2402,2435]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Stomach contents of 14 of 16 Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats had remains of
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<taxonomicName box="[1566,1742,2441,2474]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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, five had remains of
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<taxonomicName box="[2056,2214,2441,2474]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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, and three had remains of unidentified insects. Three individuals in the type series had remains of
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<taxonomicName box="[2460,2606,2481,2514]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[1414,1595,2520,2553]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName box="[1620,1770,2520,2553]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Arachnida</taxonomicName>
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, and unidentified insects.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1394,2612,1297,3263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1535,2560,2593]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Breeding.</emphasis>
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All known specimens of Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats are males, so there is no information on reproductive activity of females. Males caught in February were juveniles, and those caught in December had descended testicles. If Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat behaves like its sympatric congener, the Orinoco Sword-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1412,1724,2718,2751]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinocensis">Lonchorhina orinocensis</taxonomicName>
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), pregnant females are expected at end of rainy season in September—October.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1394,2612,1297,3263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1634,2796,2829]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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A large roost of more than 120 Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats began to emerge by 19:00 h and came back the next day between 05:00 h and 06:00 h.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1394,2612,1297,3263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,2098,2875,2908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats have been found only in roosts with males in
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<date box="[1999,2204,2915,2948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" value="1985-02">February 1985</date>
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and
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<date box="[2287,2457,2915,2948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" value="1986-03">March 1986</date>
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that were empty in
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<date box="[1540,1721,2954,2987]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" value="1985-08">August 1985</date>
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, suggesting they could have split from a larger reproductive group. The Lesser Dog-like Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1854,2098,2994,3027]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">Peropteryx macrotis</taxonomicName>
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) and Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1467,1718,3036,3065]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnellit">Pteronotus parnellit</taxonomicName>
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) shared the same roost.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1394,2612,1297,3263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1749,3073,3106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat has a restricted distribution, occurring at only two known localities less than
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<quantity box="[1531,1615,3150,3183]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
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apart with no protected areas nearby.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[1394,2612,1297,3263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1553,3199,3224]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Eisenberg (1989), Gardner (1977b),
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<collectingRegion box="[1974,2069,3199,3224]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
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(1997), Herndndez-Camacho & Cadena (1978), Linares (1998), Ochoa & Ibanez (1984), Ochoa & Sanchez (1988), Williams & Genoways (2008).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |