258 lines
24 KiB
XML
258 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFAFFFAF13A6F40FF842F8ED" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Leptonycteris nivalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="514" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="514" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFAFFFAF13A6F40FF842F8ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFAFFFAF13A6F40FF842F8ED" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<subSubSection box="[154,212,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[152,1213,2997,3123]" box="[154,212,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<heading box="[154,212,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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||
<figureCitation box="[154,212,2997,3043]" captionStart="Plate 37: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="27.[133,163,3312,3337]" captionTargetBox="[24,2766,17,3654]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="47. Insular Single-leat Bat (Monophyllus plethodon), 48. Leach’s Single-leat Bat (Monophyllus redmani), 49. Commissaris’s L. ong-tongued Bat (Glossophaga commissaris), 50. Western Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga morenoi), 51. Gray's Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga leachii), 52. Miller's Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga longirostris), 53. Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga soricina), 54. Southern LLong-nosed Bat (Leptonyctenis curasoae), 55. Greater Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris nivalis), 56. Lesser Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae), 57. Antillean Fruit-eating Bat (Brachyphylla cavernarum), 58. Cuban Fruit-eating Bat (Brachyphylla nana), 59. Jamaican Flower Bat (Phyllonycteris aphylla), 60. Cuban Flower Bat (Phyllonycteris poeyi), 61. Brown Flower Bat (Erophylla bombifrons), 62. Buffy Flower Bat (Erophylla sezekorni)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458756/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">55.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[230,732,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[152,1213,2997,3123]" box="[230,732,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<heading box="[230,732,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<vernacularName box="[230,732,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Greater Long-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[799,1163,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[152,1213,2997,3123]" box="[799,1163,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<heading box="[799,1163,2997,3043]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[799,1163,2997,3043]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
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<emphasis box="[799,1163,2997,3043]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Leptonycteris nivalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[152,1213,2997,3123]" box="[153,1211,3062,3083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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||
<heading box="[153,1211,3062,3083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[153,230,3062,3083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[238,436,3062,3083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Grand Leptonyctére</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[458,548,3062,3083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[558,884,3062,3083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">GroRe Mexiko-Blitenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[905,997,3062,3083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1006,1135,3062,3083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Leptonicterio</vernacularName>
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grande
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[152,1213,2997,3123]" box="[153,659,3100,3121]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<heading box="[153,659,3100,3121]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[153,401,3100,3121]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[410,659,3100,3121]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Mexican Long-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[152,1358,3168,3476]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,308,3168,3201]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Saussure, 1860" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1860" box="[325,809,3168,3201]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ischnoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">Ischnoglossa nivalis Saussure, 1860</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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“pres de la limite des neiges du pic d’Orizaba, au bord d'une forét de pins [= near snow line of Mount Orizaba, at the edge of a pine forest],”
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<collectingRegion box="[484,610,3254,3279]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[628,735,3254,3279]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[152,1358,3168,3476]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<taxonomicName box="[153,414,3285,3318]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">Leptonycteris nivalis</taxonomicName>
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has been confused with the partially sympatric
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<taxonomicName box="[1113,1307,3285,3318]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yerbabuenae">L. yerbabuenae</taxonomicName>
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for decades, and it was not clarified until the end of the 20™ century. Therefore, some publications referring to
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<taxonomicName box="[508,632,3365,3398]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">L. nivalis</taxonomicName>
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are actually be about
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<taxonomicName box="[941,1131,3365,3398]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yerbabuenae">L. yerbabuenae</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458710/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" targetBox="[1434,2025,299,713]" targetPageId="30">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[152,1358,3168,3476]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,328,3404,3437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From S
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<collectingRegion box="[447,617,3404,3437]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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and SW
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<collectingRegion box="[739,816,3404,3437]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Texas</collectingRegion>
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(SW
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<collectingCountry box="[894,958,3404,3437]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">USA</collectingCountry>
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) and through N & C
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<collectingCountry box="[1255,1356,3404,3437]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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S to
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<collectingRegion box="[215,309,3443,3476]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Puebla</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion box="[383,489,3443,3476]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[2049,2641,290,717]" lastBlockId="30.[1429,2643,723,2729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2049,2299,290,323]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 76-85 mm (no externaltail), ear 17-19 mm, hindfoot 13-19 mm, forearm 53-59 mm; weight 18-30 g. The Greater Long-nosed Batis a medium-sized phyllostomid but the largest New World nectarfeeding bat and species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2087,2246,526,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptonycteris</taxonomicName>
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. Fur on back is long, woolly, and gray, with pale grayish venter. Hairs are white at bases and silvery at tips. Eyes are large, and ears small and triangular. Tongue is long, with elongated papillae on its tip. Noseleaf is small and triangular. There is V-shaped groove on lower lip. The Greater Long-nosed Bat has longer (greater than
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<quantity box="[2151,2265,763,796]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="105.0">105 mm</quantity>
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) third finger, with sum of lengths of three phalanges ofthis finger averaging longer than third metacarpal, providing longer wingspan. Uropatagium is narrow (
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<quantity box="[2070,2149,841,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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or shorter) and visibly covered with hairs; fringe of hairs extends beyond edge of membrane. Calcaris short. Last phalanx of third finger is longer than
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<quantity box="[1803,1898,920,953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2643,723,2729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1435,1546,959,992]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primarily dry and montane habitats in the Chihuahuan Desert, pinyon pine— Juniper forests, and mixed forests at elevations from
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<quantity box="[2212,2301,999,1032]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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to more than
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<quantity box="[2525,2634,999,1032]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
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. At mid-elevations, the Greater Long-nosed Bat can co-occur with its smaller, partially sympatric congener, the Lesser Long-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[2130,2329,1078,1111]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yerbabuenae">L. yerbabuenae</taxonomicName>
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). It is absent from the Sonoran Desert but widely distributed at low densities in the Chihuahuan Desert.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2643,723,2729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1435,1699,1157,1190]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet contains nectar, pollen, and soft fruits. In its southern distribution,it feeds on nectar and pollen of the morning glory tree (
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<taxonomicName box="[2375,2483,1196,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ipomoea</taxonomicName>
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arborescens,
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<taxonomicName box="[1435,1656,1236,1269]" family="Convolvulaceae" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
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, and others); many species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2099,2409,1236,1269]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Asparagaceae">Agave (Asparagaceae)</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName box="[2431,2498,1236,1269]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<collectingRegion box="[2431,2498,1236,1269]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Ceiba" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Ceiba</collectingRegion>
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</taxonomicName>
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pentandra and
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<taxonomicName box="[1498,1683,1279,1308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pseudobombax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudobombax</taxonomicName>
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ellipticum (both
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<taxonomicName box="[1914,2065,1279,1308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
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); and
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<taxonomicName box="[2158,2296,1279,1308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Calliandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calliandra</taxonomicName>
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houstoniana (
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<taxonomicName box="[2486,2622,1279,1308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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), among others. In its northern distribution, diet is heavily dominated by
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<taxonomicName box="[2455,2534,1314,1347]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Agave</taxonomicName>
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spp. In captivity, Greater Long-nosed Bats increased ingestion of nectar as sugar concentration dropped, ingesting up to five times their body mass (
|
||
<quantity box="[2249,2327,1394,1427]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.19" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" unit="g" value="119.0">119 g</quantity>
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of nectar at low sugar concentrations) in a single night. Their ability to compensate their energy intake when facing sugar concentration as low as 5% is much greater than that of the Lesser Longnosed Bat, which enters a physiological deficit when ingesting nectar concentrations less than 15%. This suggests that the Greater Long-nosed Bat is adapted to colder environments where plants have greater difficulties producing highly concentrated nectar. This also helps to explain differentiation of ecological niches of these two species.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2643,723,2729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1433,1568,1669,1702]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Female Greater Long-nosed Bats have one embryo at a time. Lactating females have been found in June-July in southern Texas, suggesting that breeding and births occur during spring. Pregnant females have been recorded in
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<collectingCountry box="[2495,2597,1748,1781]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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in March-April; then females migrate north and give birth in north-central
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<collectingCountry box="[2447,2549,1788,1821]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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in the Chihuahuan Desert. Mating system is poorly understood but might consist of polygynous arrangements. The Greater Long-nosed Bat is the only species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2415,2577,1867,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptonycteris</taxonomicName>
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that does not
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<taxonomicName box="[1563,1781,1906,1939]" form="sebaceous" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" rank="form">form sebaceous</taxonomicName>
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patches on backs of males.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2643,723,2729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,1670,1946,1979]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Greater Long-nosed Bats emerge late from their roosts, well after sunset. They seem to remain outside oftheir roosts for long periods and return shortly before sunrise. They roost primarily in caves and mines.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2643,723,2729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1432,2157,2064,2097]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Social organization is unknown, but Greater Long-nosed Bats likely
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1947,2132,2104,2137]" form="harems" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" rank="form">form harems</taxonomicName>
|
||
when they mate in winter in their southern distribution. Then all bats disappear from most known caves in the south, and females migrate north, where a few maternity colonies have been reported in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1550,1721,2223,2256]" country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Nuevo Leon</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1791,1919,2223,2256]" country="Mexico" name="Coahuila de Zaragoza" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Coahuila</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1934,2039,2223,2256]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Greater Long-nosed Bats roost in colonies up to a few thousand individuals. They share roosts with other bat species including the Lesser Long-nosed Bat, the Mexican Long-tongued Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2302,2621,2301,2334]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicana">Choeronycteris mexicana</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeusjamaicensis), the Common Vampire Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Desmodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rotundus">Desmodus rotundus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2131,2267,2384,2413]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteronotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
parnellii), Townsend’s Bigeared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1585,1762,2424,2453]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Corynorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Corynorhinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
townsendii), the Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2065,2155,2424,2453]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2175,2262,2424,2453]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
velifer), the Fringed
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2546,2636,2424,2453]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. thysanodes), the Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2223,2366,2463,2492]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the Mexican Funnel-eared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1696,1948,2498,2531]" class="Mammalia" family="Natalidae" genus="Natalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">Natalus mexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), among others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2643,723,2729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,1780,2538,2571]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Greater Long-nosed Bat is rarer than its congener, the Lesser L.ong-nosed Bat. It waslisted as endangered in the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1702,1765,2616,2649]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1988 and threatened in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2151,2253,2616,2649]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1993.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2643,723,2729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,1585,2666,2691]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Arita (1991), Arita & Humphrey (1988), Ayala-Berdon et al. (2013), Hensley & Wilkins (1988), Nassar etal. (2016), Sanchez & Medellin (2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |