199 lines
16 KiB
XML
199 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFA6FFA91643F553FAF9F40A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Phyllostomus latifolius" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="508" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="507" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727096" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFA6FFA91643F553FAF9F40A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFA6FFA91643F553FAF9F40A" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<subSubSection box="[1407,1465,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1406,2484,2793,2880]" box="[1407,1465,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<heading box="[1407,1465,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<figureCitation box="[1407,1465,2793,2839]" captionStart="Plate 36: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="17.[137,167,3288,3313]" captionTargetBox="[23,2765,17,3655]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="24. Long-legged Bat (Macrophyllum macrophyllum), 25. Fringe-lipped Bat (Trachops cirrhosus), 26. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris crenulatum), 27. Keenan's Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris keenani), 28. Koepcke’s Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris koepckeae), 29. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma kalkoae), 30. Pygmy Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma brasiliense), 31. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma carrikeri), 32. Schulz’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma schulzi), 33. Western Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma occidentale), 34. Davis's Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma evotis), 35. White-throated Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma silvicola), 36. Greater Round-eared Bat (Tonatia bidens), 37. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat (Tonatia saurophila), 38. Pale-faced Bat (Phylloderma stenops), 39. Pale Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus discolor), 40. Lesser Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus elongatus), 41. Greater Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus hastatus), 42. Guianan Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus latifolius), 43. Woolly False Vampire Bat (Chrotopterus auritus), 44. Southern Golden Bat (Mimon bennettii), 45. Cozumelan Golden Bat (Mimon cozumelae), 46. Spectral Bat (Vampyrum spectrum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458675/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">42.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1482,2013,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1406,2484,2793,2880]" box="[1482,2013,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<heading box="[1482,2013,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<vernacularName box="[1482,2013,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Guianan Spear-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2081,2483,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1406,2484,2793,2880]" box="[2081,2483,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<heading box="[2081,2483,2793,2839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[2081,2483,2793,2839]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifolius">
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<emphasis box="[2081,2483,2793,2839]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Phyllostomus latifolius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1407,2475,2857,2878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1406,2484,2793,2880]" box="[1407,2475,2857,2878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<heading box="[1407,2475,2857,2878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1407,1482,2857,2878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1492,1754,2857,2878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Phyllostome des cavernes</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1775,1866,2857,2878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1875,2086,2857,2878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Guayana-Lanzennase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2107,2198,2857,2878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2208,2303,2857,2878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Filostoma</vernacularName>
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de las Guayanas
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="507" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[2019,2613,2924,3351]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2019,2175,2924,2957]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1901" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifolium">Phyllostoma latifolium Thomas, 1901</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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“Kanuku Mountains,”
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<collectingRegion country="Guyana" name="Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2317,2425,3007,3036]" name="Guyana" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="507" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[2019,2613,2924,3351]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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Records from western
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<collectingCountry box="[2367,2504,3042,3075]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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match the description of
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<taxonomicName box="[2297,2447,3081,3114]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifolius">P. latifolius</taxonomicName>
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and might represent a disjunct population or unidentified taxon. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="507" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458687" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458687/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" targetBox="[1404,1995,2934,3347]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[2019,2613,2924,3351]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2019,2187,3208,3233]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE
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<collectingCountry box="[2239,2373,3208,3233]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, the Guianas, and N
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<collectingCountry box="[2052,2127,3244,3273]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(E to Para and S to
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<collectingRegion box="[2399,2575,3244,3273]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[2019,2613,2924,3351]" lastBlockId="24.[174,1391,279,1617]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2019,2265,3279,3312]" pageId="23" pageNumber="507">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 78-82 mm, tail 13-17 mm, ear 27-29 mm, hindfoot
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">14— 17 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 55-60-3 mm; weight 27-5-31 g. Greatest lengthsof skulls are 26-28-5 mm. The Guianan Spearnosed Bat is a little-known species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2188,2344,3397,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phyllostomus</taxonomicName>
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, being small to medium in size compared with congeners. Dorsal pelage is dark smoky brown, with dark grayish tonalities in neck region. Venter pelage can be only slightly lighter brown or grayish and is often similar to dorsal pelage. The Guianan Spear-nosed Bat does not have the glossy aspect of other species of
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<taxonomicName box="[619,776,358,391]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phyllostomus</taxonomicName>
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. Dorsal hairs are bicolored, with dark gray or dark brown tips and lighter gray bases. Except for fur in proximal forearm, most bones of anterior limb and patagium are almost naked. Distal borderof plagiopatagium (arm-wing membrane) is attached to ankle. Ears are large and rounded, and noseleaf is wide and short, with poorly developed central rib. Calcaris large, and its length is greater than foot. Postorbital processis well developed and has conspicuous sagittal crest, and basioccipital bone is deeply pitted. I' is spatulated, I' and lower incisors are higher than wider,I is small, and lowerincisors are bifid. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 58.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="508" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[174,1391,279,1617]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[183,294,673,706]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Mature evergreen Amazonian forests in
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<collectingCountry box="[863,998,673,706]" name="Suriname" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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and terra firma and seasonally flooded forests from central and eastern Amazonian
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<collectingCountry box="[1000,1079,713,746]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[1156,1296,713,746]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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. Guianan Spear-nosed Bats have been found in a cave in
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<collectingCountry box="[898,1109,760,785]" name="French Guiana" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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, small caves along a river in
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<collectingCountry box="[293,432,791,824]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, and iron caves in south-eastern Amazonian
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<collectingCountry box="[1062,1144,791,824]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[182,683,830,863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[174,1391,279,1617]" box="[182,683,830,863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,444,830,863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="508" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[174,1391,279,1617]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,316,870,903]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Breeding.</emphasis>
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A pregnant Guianan Spear-nosed Bat (embryo with a
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<quantity box="[1100,1193,870,903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="508" unit="mm" value="10.0">10mm</quantity>
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crown-rump length) was caught in late November close to Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas state, central Amazonian
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<collectingCountry box="[456,538,949,982]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. Another pregnant female from the easternmost part of Guianan Spear-nosed Bat’s distribution was captured, marked, and released in June in an iron cave of Carajas National Forest in south-eastern Para, eastern Amazonian
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<collectingCountry box="[1285,1367,1028,1061]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[179,654,1066,1099]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[174,1391,279,1617]" box="[179,654,1066,1099]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,415,1066,1099]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="508" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[174,1391,279,1617]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,893,1107,1140]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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A group of less than 30 Guianan Spear-nosed Bats including pregnant females occupied an iron cave in FLONA de Cara-Jas. In
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<collectingCountry box="[266,473,1186,1219]" name="French Guiana" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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, c.50 individuals formed a closely packed group with a larger group of Uncommon Sword-nosed Bats (
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<taxonomicName box="[656,939,1225,1258]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inusitata">Lonchorhina inusitata</taxonomicName>
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) hanging over a pool in a cave.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="508" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[174,1391,279,1617]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,534,1265,1298]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. Very few records of Guianan Spear-nosed Bats and scarce information available aboutits biology could contribute to shift in status to Data Deficient. According to the IUCN assessment, there are large areas of natural habitat remaining in its distribution. It appears to be closely associated with caves, which might be a restrictive factor for its conservation because part of its distribution is under mining pressures.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="508" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[174,1391,279,1617]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,333,1510,1535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baker et al. (1982), Brosset & Charles-Dominique (1991), Gardner (1977b), Honeycutt et al. (1980), Marinkelle & Cadena (1972), Miranda & Rubio (2011),
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<collectingCountry box="[864,998,1549,1574]" name="Serbia" pageId="24" pageNumber="508">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
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& Romero-Ruiz (1999), Rodriguez-Posada & Sanchez-Palomino (2009), Tavares, Palmuti et al. (2012), Williams & Genoways (1980a, 2008).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |