195 lines
15 KiB
XML
195 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF9EFF9E1341F8FAF820F3A1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lonchophylla robusta G. S. Miller 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="531" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="531" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727848" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF9EFF9E1341F8FAF820F3A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF9EFF9E1341F8FAF820F3A1" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<subSubSection box="[125,183,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[123,1180,1856,1985]" box="[125,183,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<heading box="[125,183,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<figureCitation box="[125,183,1856,1902]" captionStart="Plate 39: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="43.[109,139,3333,3358]" captionTargetBox="[13,2756,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="83. Cadena’s Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris cadenai), 84. Dashe’s Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris dashe), 85. Patton’s Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris pationi), 86. Thomas's Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris thomasi), 87. Chestnut Long-tongued Bat (Lionycteris spurrelli), 88. Brazilian Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla mordax), 89. Chocoan Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla chocoana), 90. Goldman's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla concava), 91. Pacific Forest Long-tongued Bat (Lonchophylla fornicata), 92. Orces’s Long-tongued Bat (Lonchophylla orcesi), 93. Western Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla hesperia), 94. Eastern Cordilleran Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla orienticollina), 95. Handley’s Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla handleyi), 96. Orange Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla robusta), 97. Dekeyser’s Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla dekeyseri), 98. Pale-bellied Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla inexpectata), 99. Bokermann’s Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla bokermanni), 100. Peracchi’s Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla peracchii), 101. Long-snouted Bat (Platalina genovensium), 102. Vieira’s Long-tongued Bat (Xeronycleris vierrai)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459029/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">96.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[201,595,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[123,1180,1856,1985]" box="[201,595,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<heading box="[201,595,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<vernacularName box="[201,595,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Orange Nectar Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[665,1047,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[123,1180,1856,1985]" box="[665,1047,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<heading box="[665,1047,1856,1902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1912" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1912" box="[665,1047,1856,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis box="[665,1047,1856,1902]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Lonchophylla robusta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[123,1180,1856,1985]" box="[125,1179,1920,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<heading box="[125,1179,1920,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,201,1920,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[210,458,1920,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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Lonchophylle du
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<collectingCountry box="[381,458,1920,1941]" name="Panama" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Panama</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[479,570,1920,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[580,849,1920,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Robuste Nektarfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[870,961,1920,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[971,1060,1920,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Loncéfilo</vernacularName>
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de
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<collectingCountry box="[1102,1179,1920,1941]" name="Panama" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Panama</collectingCountry>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="47.[123,1180,1856,1985]" box="[124,526,1959,1980]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<heading box="[124,526,1959,1980]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,372,1959,1980]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[382,526,1959,1980]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Big Nectar Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="47.[737,1330,2027,2455]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[738,894,2027,2060]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1912" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">Lonchophylla robusta G. S. Miller, 1912</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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“cave on Chilibrillo River [near Alhajuela, Canal Zone],
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<collectingCountry box="[1084,1202,2111,2140]" name="Panama" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Panama</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[738,1101,2146,2179]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="discussion">This species is monotypic.</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458802" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458802/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" targetBox="[122,714,2037,2451]" targetPageId="47">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[737,1330,2027,2455]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[738,914,2186,2219]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Distribution.</emphasis>
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NW & SE
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<collectingCountry box="[1073,1217,2186,2219]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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to W & C
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<collectingCountry box="[768,907,2233,2258]" name="Colombia" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, NW
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<collectingCountry box="[982,1129,2233,2258]" name="Venezuela" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1144,1261,2233,2258]" name="Ecuador" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, and NW
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<collectingCountry box="[801,869,2268,2297]" name="Peru" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[737,1330,2027,2455]" lastBlockId="47.[119,1328,2461,3479]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[738,987,2304,2337]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 56-75 mm, tail 6:5—-12 mm, ear 9-19 mm, hindfoot 10-15 mm, forearm 39-46 mm; weight 13-16 g (non-reproductive). Males are slightly larger and heavier than females. The Orange Nectar Bat is medium-sized, with moderately elongated rostrum, butit is relatively large for a nectar-feeding leafnosed bat. Dorsal fur is often bright orange. Elongated tongue of the
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<taxonomicName box="[1088,1327,2540,2573]" pageId="47" pageNumber="533" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lonchophyllinae">Lonchophyllinae</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically distinct from that of the other specialized nectarfeeding bats in subfamily
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<taxonomicName box="[267,492,2619,2652]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glossophaginae">Glossophaginae</taxonomicName>
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. Instead of long papillae of the latter that form a brush-tip tongue, the
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<taxonomicName box="[294,533,2658,2691]" pageId="47" pageNumber="533" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lonchophyllinae">Lonchophyllinae</taxonomicName>
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tongue has deep lateral grooves overits length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[119,1328,2461,3479]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,233,2698,2731]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Variety of habitats in lowland tropical evergreen rainforests and also semideciduous forests, regularly at elevations up to ¢.
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<quantity box="[802,909,2737,2770]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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and rarely up to ¢.
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<quantity box="[1173,1282,2737,2770]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[119,1328,2461,3479]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,384,2777,2810]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Orange Nectar Batis a specialized nectarivore that readily includes also insects and fruits in its diet. As a unique mechanism but probably present throughout
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<taxonomicName box="[292,521,2855,2888]" pageId="47" pageNumber="533" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lonchophyllinae">Lonchophyllinae</taxonomicName>
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,its tongue stays constantly extended during a flower visit, while nectar is pumped through lateral grooves upward into its mouth. In contrast, nectar uptake in the convergent species of
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<taxonomicName box="[662,880,2934,2967]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glossophaginae">Glossophaginae</taxonomicName>
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occurs by lapping tongue movements, and the hairy tonguetip is periodically retracted into the mouth. Large numbers of Orange Nectar Bats are occasionally seen at plants providing high resource density with locally high numbers of flowers or large nectar production per flower.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[119,1328,2461,3479]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,255,3092,3125]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnant Orange Nectar Bats were found in January-February and April in north-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[321,469,3130,3163]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[119,1328,2461,3479]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[119,357,3171,3204]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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In north-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[616,765,3171,3204]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, Orange Nectar Bats were regularly recorded arriving at the tree
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<taxonomicName box="[506,751,3210,3243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Quararibea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quararibea cordata</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[771,919,3210,3243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
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) with a particularly rich nectar supply well after dark and c.1 hour later than other sympatric nectarfeeding bat species, suggesting a commute over a larger distance that might be facilitated by its relatively large body size. Similar activity patterns have been observed in Ecuadorian cloud forests. The Orange Nectar Bat seems to rely mainly on caves and cave-like anthropogenic structures for roosting; one roost was under a jumble of huge boulders along a stream.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[1405,2611,293,489]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,2126,293,326]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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While roosting, hanging Orange Nectar Bats huddle closely together, forming a tight ball-like cluster.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1406,2457,372,405]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[1405,2611,293,489]" box="[1406,2457,372,405]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1756,372,405]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="531" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[1405,2611,293,489]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1407,1560,421,446]" pageId="47" pageNumber="531">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Griffiths (1982), LaVal & Rodriguez-Herrera (2002), Maguina (2016), Reid (2009), Timm et al. (1989), Tschapka (1998, 2004), Tschapka et al. (2015).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |