220 lines
18 KiB
XML
220 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF8EFF8E13BAF9CFFD01FFCB" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sturnira tildae de la Torre 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="547" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="547" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760103" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF8EFF8E13BAF9CFFD01FFCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF8EFF8E13BAF9CFFD01FFCB" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<subSubSection box="[134,214,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[130,1173,1653,1737]" box="[134,214,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<heading box="[134,214,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<figureCitation box="[134,214,1653,1695]" captionStart="Plate 41: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">132.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[230,844,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[130,1173,1653,1737]" box="[230,844,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<heading box="[230,844,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<vernacularName box="[230,844,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[895,1172,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[130,1173,1653,1737]" box="[895,1172,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<heading box="[895,1172,1653,1695]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<taxonomicName authority="de la Torre, 1959" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" box="[895,1172,1653,1695]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">
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<emphasis box="[895,1172,1653,1695]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Sturnira tildae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[131,1090,1713,1734]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[130,1173,1653,1737]" box="[131,1090,1713,1734]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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||
<heading box="[131,1090,1713,1734]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,206,1713,1734]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[215,401,1713,1734]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Sturnire des foréts</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[422,512,1713,1734]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[518,810,1713,1734]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Tilda-Gelbschulterfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,922,1713,1734]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[932,1090,1713,1734]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Sturniro de Tilda</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[743,1335,1781,2209]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[744,899,1781,1814]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="de la Torre, 1959" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1959" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tildae">Sturnira tildae de la Torre, 1959</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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“
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<collectingRegion box="[846,935,1824,1853]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Arima" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Arima</collectingRegion>
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Valley,
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<collectingCountry box="[1054,1180,1824,1853]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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,”
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<collectingCountry name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[744,1106,1899,1932]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[743,1335,1781,2209]" box="[744,1106,1899,1932]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458872/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" targetBox="[129,719,1789,2204]" targetPageId="63">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[743,1335,1781,2209]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[744,920,1939,1972]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Amazonian lowlands and E Andean slopes of
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<collectingCountry box="[1020,1159,1982,2011]" name="Colombia" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1181,1328,1982,2011]" name="Venezuela" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, the Guianas,
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<collectingCountry box="[945,1027,2022,2051]" name="Brazil" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1049,1167,2022,2051]" name="Ecuador" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1191,1258,2022,2051]" name="Peru" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and N
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<collectingCountry box="[778,874,2057,2090]" name="Bolivia" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, also on E
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<collectingCountry box="[1027,1106,2057,2090]" name="Brazil" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[1178,1300,2057,2090]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[743,1335,1781,2209]" lastBlockId="63.[126,1334,2214,3471]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[744,995,2101,2130]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 66-70 mm (tailless), ear 19-21 mm, hindfoot 15-17 mm, forearm 43-55 mm; weight 23-30 g. Females tend to be larger than males. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is similar in size to the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName authority="Lilium" authorityName="Lilium" box="[691,801,2254,2287]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">S. Lilium</taxonomicName>
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) and the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[198,340,2294,2327]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovici">S. ludovici</taxonomicName>
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). Dorsal fur is dark ocherous brown, contrasting paler ventral fur. Dorsal hairs are long (
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||
<quantity box="[385,467,2337,2366]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
) and silky and have a white narrow basal band continued with dark grayish brown band, and pale buffy band, ending with darker tips, ocherous in males and reddish in females. Shoulders have yellowish spots from glandular secretions (epaulettes). Uropatagium is rudimentary and has a hair fringe;tail is absent; posterior edge of alar membraneis articulated to ankle or tibia, never to the leg; and calcaneusis rudimentary or absent. I' are broad and weakly bilobed, and lingual cusps of M| and M,are well defined by shallow vertical indentations that make it different from the other species of
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<taxonomicName box="[500,609,2609,2642]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sturnira</taxonomicName>
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. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is submetacentric.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[126,1334,2214,3471]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,239,2688,2721]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Low humid primary forests associated with water (like those in eastern
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<collectingCountry name="Colombia" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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or eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[328,394,2728,2761]" name="Peru" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Peru</collectingCountry>
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) and secondary forests in
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<collectingCountry box="[762,858,2728,2761]" name="Bolivia" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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. In
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<collectingCountry box="[911,1122,2728,2761]" name="French Guiana" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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, Tilda’s Yellowshouldered Bat was captured with otherfruit eating bats (e.g. Seba’s Short-tailed Bats,
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<taxonomicName box="[132,394,2807,2840]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perspicillata">Carollia perspicillata</taxonomicName>
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; Dwarf Little Fruit Bats,
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<taxonomicName box="[747,1009,2807,2840]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Rhinophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilio">Rhinophylla pumilio</taxonomicName>
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; and Dark Fruit-eating Bats,
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<taxonomicName box="[208,434,2846,2879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">Artibeus obscurus</taxonomicName>
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) in well-drained primary forests, swampy primary forests, and margins of man-made clearings.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[126,1334,2214,3471]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,393,2925,2958]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is frugivorous, feeding and dispersing seeds of
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<taxonomicName box="[299,455,2965,2998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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plants from the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[777,890,2965,2998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
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(S. asperum and S. grandiflorum) and
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<taxonomicName box="[191,259,3003,3036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[343,504,3003,3036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[126,1334,2214,3471]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,258,3044,3077]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In northern
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<collectingCountry box="[437,529,3044,3077]" name="Bolivia" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, a pregnant Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat was found in September—October, an infant and a scrotal male in November, and two infants in April. Pregnant females have been found in January-May in
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<collectingCountry box="[818,958,3122,3155]" name="Venezuela" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[1030,1147,3122,3155]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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and July—August in
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<collectingCountry box="[227,290,3162,3195]" name="Peru" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Peru</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[359,437,3162,3195]" name="Brazil" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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; lactating females andjuveniles were found in November in
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<collectingCountry box="[1255,1321,3162,3195]" name="Peru" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[126,1334,2214,3471]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,362,3201,3234]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal. In
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<collectingCountry box="[1028,1240,3201,3234]" name="French Guiana" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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, more captures were made in ground level mist nets than in canopies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[128,1068,3280,3313]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[126,1334,2214,3471]" box="[128,1068,3280,3313]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,829,3280,3313]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[128,1179,3320,3353]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[126,1334,2214,3471]" box="[128,1179,3320,3353]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,477,3320,3353]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[126,1334,2214,3471]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,281,3368,3393]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baker (1973), Baker & Hsu (1970), Gardner (
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<quantity box="[777,845,3368,3393]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.008" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" unit="g" value="2008.0">2008g</quantity>
|
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), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), Marinkelle & Cadena (1971), Moya & Arteaga (2007), Romero (2018a), Sampaio et al. (2016b), Simmons & Voss (1998), Uieda & Vasconcellos-Neto (1985), Velazco & Patterson (2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |