509 lines
54 KiB
XML
509 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="0CF1CFF3C0C48D9D9FB15E4AF9381ED6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3736.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="495ee224-dd4f-4c96-aa06-094b23e135a1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248431" ID-ZooBank="2A05A2A2-CF49-4585-A75D-7086B9DDD7B3" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460698653243" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sinclair, Bradley J., Brooks, Scott E. & Cumming, Jeffrey M." docDate="2013" docId="03A68780FFD5FFCA56A0FC5B6BC1FEBC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03736p456.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3736 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Empis (Enoplempis) snoddyi Steyskal" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="443" masterDocId="FF9FFFF8FFF3FFE05637FFDF691EFFFC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Empis subgenus Enoplempis Bigot, east of the Rocky Mountains (Diptera: Empididae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="439" updateTime="1698354041895" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="522451679D3474786684556A1140620F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0285975D13AA444E915F225F623A412B">
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<mods:title id="DEF70C4E0B53064C2639FF4D5CC9571F">Revision of the Empis subgenus Enoplempis Bigot, east of the Rocky Mountains (Diptera: Empididae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3BE5932487CB039577C3249A37756328" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="FCC8BDCADE553BF4173889667983C578">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FB0ACFECFD53D027B603C1B2CB2BC0D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="75AB36E321031F12B2750041CCD3B297">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9C688C01E7D13B4D93C03286823B7CA3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="265EEAA3F7C8CCE02AEEE52AD1C36F3B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="29695FCA4DE9691A67A22015B3331ADA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="14AA7D26DF6DE8DB30BCB0E2ECB19461">Brooks, Scott E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C601A5BD6C4A4BC2BA3B6B3FA7D3E05B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2F637EB6417B450CE2FEBEA3BBE96C17">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E6520ADB30CEA51A1E33A1474603B5D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="44F35BE5335B70F44D9538640A388744">Cumming, Jeffrey M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="796970A902CE9F32BAD4D61625417042">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="FD87CBAB752720210FB7DD63C86F8144" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="760689B78DAF0D1DC5E3DD4C157D9FFF">
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<mods:title id="E5BB448B052B99620851BBEEB2DF3272">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7685D9A3829EA4DA69D11B085C714704">
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<mods:date id="D6F141BBDD1D9FA32540377787C4D295">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="50CE019F8685C35CD537657F2E6017B0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4A28614DAE108568B260F3E9F3AACC2B">3736</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D7638288C12F8BBD70B7B052275D1CEB" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6275A464B00C5BF2C56B7F3C98BD419F">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BC095A5FDA666F04A3B0D256D617855F">401</mods:start>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="4CCE801B19CB7E4D3E96022B33FB05D6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="62D1078306C50649500E34031C9B3A6B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3736.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E3939C2558F665752403BA1E9A056E4E" type="GBIF-Dataset">495ee224-dd4f-4c96-aa06-094b23e135a1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B4321E3D1DB217A20D35949A36A647B6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="12D760FF712623D27F8158AFB454FDB1" type="Zenodo-Dep">248431</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03A68780FFD5FFCA56A0FC5B6BC1FEBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6157601" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119582621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6157601" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A68780FFD5FFCA56A0FC5B6BC1FEBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A68780FFD5FFCA56A0FC5B6BC1FEBC" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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<subSubSection id="C315651DFFD5FFC656A0FC5B6A92FBF8" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB03696FFD5FFC656A0FC5B6B41FC62" blockId="38.[151,607,900,959]" box="[151,607,900,926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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||
<heading id="D0F881FAFFD5FFC656A0FC5B6B41FC62" bold="true" box="[151,607,900,926]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" reason="1">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD5FFC656A0FC5B6B41FC62" ID-CoL="8BZGR" authority="Steyskal" authorityName="Steyskal" box="[151,607,900,926]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi" subGenus="Enoplempis">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC656A0FC5B6B41FC62" bold="true" box="[151,607,900,926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC656A0FC5B69FDFC62" bold="true" box="[151,227,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Empis</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC656C3FC5B689DFC62" bold="true" box="[244,387,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Enoplempis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC657A2FC5B68EFFC62" bold="true" box="[405,497,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">snoddyi</emphasis>
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Steyskal
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB03696FFD5FFC656A0FC7968A0FC43" blockId="38.[151,607,900,959]" box="[151,446,934,959]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13342A13FFD5FFC656A8FC7969FCFC43" box="[159,226,934,959]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Empis (Enoplempis) species. A, B, E. vockerothi (Hocking Co., OH) male with balloon (photographs by Allen Coovert); C, swarming males of E. vockerothi with balloons shown by arrows (photograph by Allen Coovert); D, E. snoddyi (Sevier, TN) apparently in the process of forming a balloon (photograph by Thomas Bentley, copyright Thomasbentley. com); E, E. vockerothi, male; F, E. appalachicola, male; G, E. tridentata, male. Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248432/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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D, 19A, 20A, 22A)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB03696FFD5FFC656A0FC2F6A92FBF8" blockId="38.[151,908,1006,1029]" box="[151,908,1006,1029]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD5FFC656A0FC2F68E2FBF8" authority="Steyskal, 1969: 292" authorityName="Steyskal" authorityPageNumber="292" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,508,1006,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">
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<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC656A0FC2F6835FBF8" box="[151,299,1006,1029]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Empis snoddyi</emphasis>
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Steyskal, 1969: 292
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B48834FFD5FFC65431FC306B26FBF8" box="[518,568,1007,1028]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Clayton,
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<collectingCountry id="F3187606FFD5FFC654C3FC316A56FBF8" box="[756,840,1006,1028]" name="Georgia" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3187606FFD5FFC65565FC316A96FBF8" box="[850,904,1006,1028]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C315651DFFD5FFC656A0FBEE6D1DF80E" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFD5FFC656A0FBEE6ADEFB4A" blockId="38.[151,1437,1073,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC656A0FBEE68A9FBB6" bold="true" box="[151,439,1073,1098]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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||
<typeStatus id="54B48834FFD5FFC656A0FBEE69CCFBB6" box="[151,210,1073,1098]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Type</typeStatus>
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material examined
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</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC657F3FBEE6B7DFBB6" bold="true" box="[452,611,1073,1098]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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<typeStatus id="54B48834FFD5FFC657F3FBEE6B7DFBB6" box="[452,611,1073,1098]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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, ♂ labelled: “Rabun Co. Ga. & Macon Co. [NC], N. Cou. Line/
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<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC65304FBED6C69FBB6" box="[1331,1399,1073,1098]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
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. N. Clayton, Ga. Hwy
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<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC65740FB8968D8FB92" box="[375,454,1110,1134]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">441 N.</specimenCount>
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/
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<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC657ECFB8A6B2AFB92" box="[475,564,1109,1134]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1967-05-17">5-17-67</date>
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Coll. E.L. Snoddy”; “
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<typeStatus id="54B48834FFD5FFC6550BFB896ACCFB92" box="[828,978,1110,1134]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD5FFC655D2FB8A6D32FB92" box="[997,1068,1109,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Empis</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD5FFC65277FB8A6D86FB92" box="[1088,1176,1109,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">snoddyi</taxonomicName>
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/ Steyskal/ 69701 [red label]” (USNM).
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC6576DFBA668E0FB6E" bold="true" box="[346,510,1145,1170]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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||
<typeStatus id="54B48834FFD5FFC6576DFBA668E0FB6E" box="[346,510,1145,1170]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: Same data as
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<typeStatus id="54B48834FFD5FFC65494FBA66A1BFB6E" box="[675,773,1145,1170]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
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||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC65523FBA56A20FB6D" box="[788,830,1146,1170]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">9 ♂</specimenCount>
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[3 with balloons], 1 ♀ [allotype], USNM). Remaining
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<typeStatus id="54B48834FFD5FFC656A0FB41681CFB4A" box="[151,258,1182,1206]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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in collection of
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<collectingCountry id="F3187606FFD5FFC6578DFB426B0AFB4A" box="[442,532,1181,1206]" name="Georgia" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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Experimental Station (not examined).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB03696FFD5FFC656F0FB1E6D1DF80E" blockId="38.[151,1437,1073,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC656F0FB1E6B30FB26" bold="true" box="[199,558,1217,1242]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Additional material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC6540AFB1E6B6BFB26" bold="true" box="[573,629,1217,1242]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3187606FFD5FFC6540AFB1E6B6BFB26" box="[573,629,1217,1242]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">USA</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC654B3FB1E6BFAFB26" bold="true" box="[644,740,1217,1242]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
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<collectingCountry id="F3187606FFD5FFC654B3FB1E6BFAFB26" box="[644,740,1217,1242]" name="Georgia" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC654C3FB1D6A2BFB26" box="[756,821,1217,1242]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
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N Clayton, [Rabun] Co., Hwy 441 N,
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<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC652D8FB1E6C7EFB26" box="[1263,1376,1217,1242]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1967-05-17">17.v.1967</date>
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, E.L. Snoddy (
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<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC656CAFB396837FB01" box="[253,297,1254,1278]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">8 ♂</specimenCount>
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, 1 ♀, USNM); Pine Mt., Rabun Co.,
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<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC654FBFB396A3FFB02" box="[716,801,1253,1278]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2672" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="1400.0">1400 ft</quantity>
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||
.,
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||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65506FB3A6ABCFB02" box="[817,930,1253,1278]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1957-05-15">15.v.1957</date>
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||
, H.C. Huckett (1 ♀, CNC).
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC652EBFB3A6C8AFB02" bold="true" box="[1244,1428,1253,1278]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">North Carolina</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC656A0FAD669D7FADE" box="[151,201,1289,1314]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
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||
N Arrow Springs,
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<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC657AAFAD66B13FADE" box="[413,525,1289,1314]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1965-05-31">31.v.1965</date>
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||
, J.G. Chillcott (
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||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC6548DFAD56BF8FADD" box="[698,742,1290,1314]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">8 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
, 7 with balloons, CNC); Blue Ridge Pkwy, Pauls Gap,
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||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC6537CFAD56C63FADE" box="[1355,1405,1289,1314]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi</quantity>
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||
E,
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||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC656A0FAF169F3FABA" box="[151,237,1325,1350]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43256" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="4700.0">4700 ft</quantity>
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||
., GSMNP,
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||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC6575BFAF268C6FABA" box="[364,472,1325,1350]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1965-06-08">8.vi.1965</date>
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||
, J.G. Chillcott (
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||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC654BCFAF26BA6FAB9" box="[651,696,1325,1350]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">5 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, CNC); Blue Ridge Pkwy, Waterrock Knob,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC6528EFAF26DF3FABA" box="[1209,1261,1325,1350]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="mi" value="6.0">6 mi</quantity>
|
||
E,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC65321FAF26C73FABA" box="[1302,1389,1325,1350]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="3500.0">3500 ft</quantity>
|
||
., mi 445,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD5FFC656F8FA8D6830FA96" box="[207,302,1362,1386]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Aruncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aruncus</taxonomicName>
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||
blossoms,
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||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC6579BFA8E6B07FA96" box="[428,537,1361,1386]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1965-06-09">9.vi.1965</date>
|
||
, J.G. Chillcott (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC654FFFA8D6BEBFA95" box="[712,757,1362,1386]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 ♀, CNC); Buncombe Co.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC65273FA8D6D63FA96" box="[1092,1149,1361,1386]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
SW Black Mtn, MT,
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||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65345FA8D680FFA72" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1986-06-21" valueMax="1986-06-27" valueMin="1986-06-21">21– 27.vi.1986</date>
|
||
, W.E. Steiner (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC6578DFAA968F6FA71" box="[442,488,1398,1422]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, USNM); Cherokee-Newfound Gap, GSMNP,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC655CEFAA96D51FA72" box="[1017,1103,1397,1422]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28016" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="4200.0">4200 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65268FAAA6DD5FA72" box="[1119,1227,1397,1422]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1962-06-04">4.vi.1962</date>
|
||
, J.R. Vockeroth (1 ♀, CNC); GSMNP, Noland Divide Tr.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC65469FA456BA6FA4D" box="[606,696,1434,1458]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5051FFD5FFC654F1FA466A56FA4E" box="[710,840,1433,1458]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" precision="15" value="35.56611">35°33'58''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5051FFD5FFC65565FA456AC5FA4E" box="[850,987,1434,1458]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" precision="15" value="-83.476944">83°28'37''W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC655DFFA466D87FA4E" box="[1000,1177,1433,1458]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="2001-05-30" valueMax="2001-06-04" valueMin="2001-05-30">30.v.–4.vi.2001</date>
|
||
, J. Skevington & J.M. Cumming (1 ♀, CNC); GSMNP, Noland Divide Tr.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC654D5FA616A27FA29" box="[738,825,1470,1494]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5051FFD5FFC65573FA626AD8FA2A" box="[836,966,1469,1494]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" precision="15" value="35.56611">35°33'58''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5051FFD5FFC655FAFA616D48FA2A" box="[973,1110,1470,1494]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" precision="15" value="-83.476944">83°28'37''W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC6524BFA626DF7FA2A" box="[1148,1257,1469,1494]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="2001-06-04">4.vi.2001</date>
|
||
, J.M. Cumming (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC65695FA3D69D0FA05" box="[162,206,1506,1530]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 ♀, CNC); Haywood Co., GSMNP, Purchase Knob,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC6557FFA3E6ABCFA05" box="[840,930,1505,1530]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.463" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="m" value="1463.0">1463 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65587FA3E6D34FA06" box="[944,1066,1505,1530]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="2008-06-11">11.vi.2008</date>
|
||
, B.J. Sinclair (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC652EFFA3D6C1BFA05" box="[1240,1285,1506,1530]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 6 ♀, CNC); Highlands, 13, 22, 26,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC657A2F9DA6B18F9E2" box="[405,518,1541,1566]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1957-05-29">29.v.1957</date>
|
||
, W.R.M. Mason (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC654FBF9D96BE6F9E1" box="[716,760,1542,1566]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">3 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 6 ♀, CNC); Highlands,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65239F9DA6D6EF9E2" box="[1038,1136,1541,1566]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1916-05-29">16, 29.v.</date>
|
||
, 7, 10,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC652F6F9DA6C25F9E2" box="[1217,1339,1541,1566]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1957-06-20">20.vi.1957</date>
|
||
, at light, J.R. Vockeroth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC6577AF9F56867F9BD" box="[333,377,1578,1602]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">3 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 33 ♀, CNC); Highlands, Shortoff Mt.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC6550DF9F56ACBF9BE" box="[826,981,1577,1602]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" metricValueMax="1.46304" metricValueMin="1.28016" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="4500.0" valueMax="4800.0" valueMin="4200.0">4200–4800 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC655D1F9F66D49F9BE" box="[998,1111,1577,1602]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1957-05-23">23.v.1957</date>
|
||
, J.R. Vockeroth (4 ♀, CNC); Haywood Co., Soco Gap,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC657FCF9916B3BF99A" box="[459,549,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3219176" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="4337.0">4337 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD5FFC6540FF9916B8BF999" box="[568,661,1614,1637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Aruncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC6540FF9916B8BF999" box="[568,661,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Aruncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
blossoms,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC6552DF9926A98F99A" box="[794,902,1613,1638]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1962-06-04">4.vi.1962</date>
|
||
, J.G. Chillcott (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC65275F9916D6EF999" box="[1090,1136,1614,1638]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 4 ♀, CNC); Macon Co., Wayah Bald,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65718F9AD68BEF976" box="[303,416,1650,1674]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1970-05-20">20.v.1970</date>
|
||
, ROM Field Party (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC654B7F9AE6BB3F975" box="[640,685,1649,1674]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">6 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, ROM); Macon Co., Highlands Bio Sta, MT,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65285F9AE6C7CF976" box="[1202,1378,1649,1674]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1984-05-27" valueMax="1984-06-01" valueMin="1984-05-27">27.v.–1.vi.1984</date>
|
||
, J.K. Liebherr (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC6573AF949685FF951" box="[269,321,1686,1710]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">4 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 4 ♀, CUIC); Macon Co., Coweeta Hydro. Lab,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5051FFD5FFC655A9F94A6AE4F952" box="[926,1018,1685,1710]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" precision="925" value="35.05">35°03'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5051FFD5FFC6523FF94A6D74F952" box="[1032,1130,1685,1710]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" precision="925" value="-83.433334">83°26'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, MT,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC6528EF94A6C4DF952" box="[1209,1363,1685,1710]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1998-05-11" valueMax="1998-05-15" valueMin="1998-05-11">11–15.v.1998</date>
|
||
, G.W. Courtney (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC65723F965685CF92D" box="[276,322,1722,1746]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3 ♀, CNC); Swain Co., GSMNP, Clingmans Dome, Forney Ridge Tr.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC652B9F9656DF6F92D" box="[1166,1256,1722,1746]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="m" value="1830.0">1830 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC652CFF9666C6CF92E" box="[1272,1394,1721,1746]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="2008-06-12">12.vi.2008</date>
|
||
, A. Freidberg (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC65720F901685CF909" box="[279,322,1758,1782]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 ♀, CNC); Swain Co., Indian Gap, Clingmans Dome Rd,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC655C7F9016D3AF90A" box="[1008,1060,1757,1782]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="mi" value="1.0">1 mi</quantity>
|
||
W, Newfound Gap,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65326F9026C63F90A" box="[1297,1405,1757,1782]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1995-06-03">3.vi.1995</date>
|
||
, J. Sadowski (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC6572EF8DD685AF8E5" box="[281,324,1794,1818]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, USNM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC65788F8DE6B28F8E6" bold="true" box="[447,566,1793,1818]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Tennessee</emphasis>
|
||
: Beech Gap,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC654E1F8DE6A30F8E6" box="[726,814,1793,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6764" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="5500.0">5500 ft</quantity>
|
||
., with balloon,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC655D6F8DE6D45F8E6" box="[993,1115,1793,1818]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1947-06-23">23.vi.1947</date>
|
||
, R.H. Whittaker (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC6531CF8DD6C44F8E5" box="[1323,1370,1794,1818]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">3 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 ♀, USNM);
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC65737F8F9685EF8C2" box="[256,320,1829,1854]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
|
||
W Bry[i]ceville,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65432F8FA6B6DF8C2" box="[517,627,1829,1854]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1965-05-27">27.v.1965</date>
|
||
(1 ♀, CNC); Green Brier Cove, GSMNP,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC6527BF8FA6DD9F8C2" box="[1100,1223,1829,1854]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1946-06-12">12.vi.1946</date>
|
||
, R.R. Dreisbach (2 ♀, CNC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC65723F8966875F89E" bold="true" box="[276,363,1865,1890]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">NC/TN</emphasis>
|
||
: Indian Gap,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC65424F8966B75F89E" box="[531,619,1865,1890]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58496" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="5200.0">5200 ft</quantity>
|
||
, GSMNP,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC654DCF8956A3DF89E" box="[747,803,1866,1890]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1957-05">28.v.</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65503F8966A6BF89E" box="[820,885,1865,1890]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1957-06">18.vi.</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC655B1F8966AE4F89E" box="[902,1018,1865,1890]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1957-07-08">8.vii.1957</date>
|
||
, W.R.M. Mason (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC652F8F8956C1EF89D" box="[1231,1280,1866,1890]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3 ♀, CNC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC656A0F8B269E4F87A" bold="true" box="[151,250,1901,1926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Virginia</emphasis>
|
||
: Amherst Co., summit, Cold Mtn, nr Hog Camp Gap, Appalachian Tr.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC6521AF8B26D9BF879" box="[1069,1157,1901,1926]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2559999999999998" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="m" value="1256.0">1256 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5051FFD5FFC652A5F8B26C19F87A" box="[1170,1287,1901,1926]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" precision="15" value="37.752224">37°45'8''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5051FFD5FFC65338F8B16C86F87A" box="[1295,1432,1902,1926]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" precision="15" value="-79.20333">79°12'12''W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC656A0F84E681AF856" box="[151,260,1937,1962]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="2001-06-07">7.vi.2001</date>
|
||
, J. Skevington (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC657F0F84D68E6F855" box="[455,504,1938,1962]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, CNC); Blue Ridge Pkwy, Apple Orchard Mtn.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC65271F84E6DBFF856" box="[1094,1185,1937,1962]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09728" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="3600.0">3600 ft</quantity>
|
||
., mi 38, blossoms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD5FFC656A0F86969EAF831" box="[151,244,1974,1997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Aruncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD5FFC656A0F86969EAF831" box="[151,244,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Aruncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65734F86A6863F832" box="[259,381,1973,1998]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1965-06-19">19.vi.1965</date>
|
||
, J.G. Chillcott (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD1FFFD5FFC65418F8696B44F831" box="[559,602,1974,1998]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, CNC); Patrick Co., Vesta,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC655A6F8696AF9F832" box="[913,999,1973,1998]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5344" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="2800.0">2800 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC655C0F86A6D79F832" box="[1015,1127,1973,1998]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1962-05-30">30.v.1962</date>
|
||
, J.G. Chillcott (3 ♀, CNC); Smyth Co., Mt. Rogers,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFD5FFC6579EF8066B5BF80E" box="[425,581,2009,2034]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="1.61544" metricValueMin="1.43256" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="ft" value="5000.0" valueMax="5300.0" valueMin="4700.0">4700–5300 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FFB11056FFD5FFC65463F8066BA1F80E" box="[596,703,2009,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" value="1962-06-01">1.vi.1962</date>
|
||
, J.R. Vockeroth (2 ♀, CNC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF70661EFFD4FFC756A0F86A6C8EF816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248449/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" targetBox="[151,1424,193,1951]" targetPageId="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFD4FFC756A0F86A6C8EF816" blockId="39.[151,1435,1973,2026]" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC756A0F86A6807F836" bold="true" box="[151,281,1973,1995]" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">FIGURE 19</emphasis>
|
||
. Male legs of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC7579BF86968A5F837" box="[428,443,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">E</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD4FFC757E6F86A6B57F837" box="[465,585,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Enoplempis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC757E6F86A6B57F837" box="[465,585,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">Enoplempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC75469F86A6B6EF836" bold="true" box="[606,624,1973,1994]" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD4FFC75449F8696BF7F837" box="[638,745,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC75449F8696BF7F837" box="[638,745,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">E. snoddyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hindleg, anterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC755D3F8696AEBF837" bold="true" box="[996,1013,1974,1995]" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD4FFC75236F8696D97F837" box="[1025,1161,1974,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC75236F8696D97F837" box="[1025,1161,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">E. stenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hindleg, anterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC753B4F86A6C8BF837" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1973,1995]" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD4FFC756A0F80A6800F816" box="[151,286,2005,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC756A0F80A6800F816" box="[151,286,2005,2026]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">E. stenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hind trochanter, anterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC75453F80B6B68F815" bold="true" box="[612,630,2004,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD4FFC754B4F80A6A1DF816" box="[643,771,2004,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC754B4F80A6A1DF816" box="[643,771,2004,2026]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">E. tridentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hindleg, anterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC755CCF80B6D12F815" bold="true" box="[1019,1036,2004,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD4FFC7522EF80A6D81F816" box="[1049,1183,2004,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vockerothi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD4FFC7522EF80A6D81F816" box="[1049,1183,2004,2026]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">E. vockerothi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hindleg, anterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF70661EFFDBFFC856A0F8DC6D40F8E5" box="[151,1118,1795,1817]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248450/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="441" targetBox="[249,1354,214,1773]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDBFFC856A0F8DC6D40F8E5" blockId="40.[151,1118,1795,1817]" box="[151,1118,1795,1817]" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC856A0F8DC6807F8E4" bold="true" box="[151,281,1795,1817]" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">FIGURE 20</emphasis>
|
||
. Male terminalia, lateral view of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC8545BF8DB6B65F8E5" box="[620,635,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">E</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDBFFC854A7F8DC6A19F8E5" box="[656,775,1795,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Enoplempis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC854A7F8DC6A19F8E5" box="[656,775,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">Enoplempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC8552AF8DC6A31F8E4" bold="true" box="[797,815,1795,1816]" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDBFFC8550BF8DB6AB8F8E5" box="[828,934,1795,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC8550BF8DB6AB8F8E5" box="[828,934,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">E. snoddyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC85583F8DC6ADBF8E4" bold="true" box="[948,965,1795,1816]" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDBFFC855E5F8DB6D47F8E5" box="[978,1113,1796,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC855E5F8DB6D47F8E5" box="[978,1113,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">E. stenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315651DFFDBFFC956F0F89F6AB6F98B" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="40" pageNumber="441" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDBFFC856F0F89F6A40F85D" blockId="40.[151,1436,1856,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC856F0F89F6824F8A5" bold="true" box="[199,314,1856,1881]" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. This species is distinguished by nearly holoptic males; unmodified setae on hindlegs; apex of epandrium greatly narrowed; posterior margin of hypandrium truncate, not produced posteriorly; bearing long setae, greater than length of hypandrium; cercus broad apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDBFFC956F0F8736811FE50" blockId="40.[151,1436,1856,2025]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC856F0F8736869F839" bold="true" box="[199,375,1964,1989]" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">Re-description</emphasis>
|
||
. Wing length 5.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B73FFDBFFC85472F8736B83F838" box="[581,669,1964,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="40" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDBFFC85491F8736BFDF839" bold="true" box="[678,739,1964,1989]" pageId="40" pageNumber="441">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Head dark in ground-colour, with dense greyish pruinescence on face, frons, postgena and occiput. Very narrowly dichoptic, eye with ommatidia of equal size; short setulae along separation of eyes; frons triangular above antennae. Face slightly divergent towards mouthparts; bare with oral margin shining. Ocellar triangle dark, subshining, with pair of parallel ocellar setae and pair of posterior setulae one-third length of ocellar setae. Occiput bearing row of postocular setae, stout and black on upper section; shorter and more slender on lower section; occipital setae black, longer and stouter than postocular setae. Postpedicel, stylus, pedicel and scape mostly dark; somewhat paler at inner base of postpedicel and inner apex of pedicel. Scape about 2× longer than pedicel; postpedicel more than 6× longer than basal width, 2.5× longer than stylus. Palpus yellow, with setulae dark. Proboscis largely yellowish; apex of labrum reddish brown; labellum with dark setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDAFFC956F0FE686C82FD31" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Thorax dark in ground-colour, largely densely grey pruinescent: postpronotum, supra-alar ridge and lower margin of scutellum yellowish orange. Scutum with pair of very faint vittae between dc rows. Pleura grey, with yellowish margins of some sclerites. Proepisternum greyish, with several short, dark setae; prosternum bare with area between coxae yellowish. Antepronotum with row of short setulae. Postpronotum with 1 long, dark setae and 3–4 shorter setae. Scutum lacking acr setulae; 8–10 dc short and slender, 0.5× length of posterior npl, increasing in length somewhat posteriorly; 1 posterior npl, 1 shorter anterior npl and several shorter dark setae; 1 presut spal, subequal in length to anterior npl; 1 psut spal; 1 pal. Scutellum with 2 pairs of sctl, apical pair subequal in length to pal, outer pair shorter than apical pair. Laterotergite with 3–5 long dark setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles pale.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDAFFC956F0FD076BCAFBC8" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">
|
||
Legs long, entirely yellow, except for dark ring at trochanter-femur junction and apices of femora; tarsi becoming darker apically. Coxae with numerous dark lateral setae, longer and stouter along apical anterior margins.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187606FFDAFFC95733FCC06822FCC4" box="[260,316,799,824]" name="India" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
trochanter lacking modifications. Fore femur lacking ventral rows of fine setae; mid and hind femora with multiple rows of short, slender setae; hind femur long and cylindrical, barely swollen subapically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A13FFDAFFC95358FC9B69AAFC7C" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male legs of E. (Enoplempis). A, E. snoddyi, hindleg, anterior view; B, E. stenoptera, hindleg, anterior view; C, E. stenoptera, hind trochanter, anterior view; D, E. tridentata, hindleg, anterior view; E, E. vockerothi, hindleg, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248449/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Fore tibia clothed in long dark setae, shorter than width of tibia; with 4–5 dorsal, 3–4 posterodorsal and several preapical setae. Mid tibia clothed in long dark setae, shorter than width of tibia with few outstanding setae; 2–3 anterodorsal and several preapical setae.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187606FFDAFFC954A4FC706BD5FC34" box="[659,715,943,968]" name="India" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
tibia clothed in long dark setae, shorter than width of tibia, with row of numerous posterodorsal setae and several preapical setae; dorsal setae mostly distinctly longer than width of tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A13FFDAFFC956EFFC286837FBEC" box="[216,297,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male legs of E. (Enoplempis). A, E. snoddyi, hindleg, anterior view; B, E. stenoptera, hindleg, anterior view; C, E. stenoptera, hind trochanter, anterior view; D, E. tridentata, hindleg, anterior view; E, E. vockerothi, hindleg, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248449/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Tarsomeres 1–5 of all legs with rows of antero- and posteroventral spine-like setae; fore tarsomere 1 slender, not swollen and lacking long outer setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDAFFC956F0FBE06C8AFB81" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Wing clear with yellowish brown veins; all veins complete (except Sc), well sclerotized. Basal costal seta not distinguished. R5 and M1 divergent near wing margin; R5 ending beyond wing tip; radial fork acute. Halter yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDAFFC956F0FB556D7FF9F7" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">
|
||
Abdominal tergites dark brown, lacking grey pruinescence, paler along apical and posterior margins; marginal setae long and stout on tergites 1–7; sternites pale brown. Marginal setae on tergite 8 longer than length of sclerite. Pregenital segments unmodified; sclerites of segment 8 closely approximated laterally, weakly sclerotized dorsomedially. Terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A13FFDAFFC957E0FB296B30FAF3" box="[471,558,1270,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[249,1354,214,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 20. Male terminalia, lateral view of E. (Enoplempis). A, E. snoddyi; B, E. stenoptera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248450/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
A) largely yellow, except dorsal and apical margins of cerci dark. Cercus separated from dorsal margin of epandrium, divided into quadrate inner lobe and linear outer lobe arising subbasally; apical margin of inner and outer cercus with wavy dark, stout setae. Hypoproct lacking setae; with pair of elongate, slender, sickle-shaped projections, arched ventromedially. Epandrial lamella slender, elongate; slightly longer than cercus; subapical dorsal margin with short triangular projection. Hypandrium short, truncate posteriorly with straight margin, about 0.25× as long as epandrium; clothed with several dark setae, 2× length of hypandrium. Phallus broadly tubular, narrowed subapically with broadly rounded apex and slender, anterior apical filament; ejaculatory apodeme 0.67× length of epandrium; inverted Y-shaped, with median keel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDAFFC956F0F9C96AB6F98B" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC956F0F9C96800F9D3" bold="true" box="[199,286,1558,1583]" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Similar to male, except as follows: frons more widely separated than male, subequal to width of anterior ocellus; ventral setae on mid and hind femora shorter and not erect; hind femur with strong ventral preapical seta; cercus long and slender, subequal in length to tergite 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315651DFFDAFFCA56F0F95D69EBFF29" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="41" pageNumber="442" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDAFFC956F0F95D6A17F91F" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC956F0F95D6A20F967" bold="true" box="[199,830,1666,1691]" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Geographical distribution and seasonal occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A13FFDAFFC95564F95D6AB2F967" box="[851,940,1666,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1700,1722]" captionTargetBox="[167,1433,203,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,193,1678]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 22. Distribution of E. (Enoplempis). A, E. snoddyi and E. stenoptera; B, E. tridentata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248452/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDAFFC955EBF95B6D79F967" authority="(En.)" baseAuthorityName="En." box="[988,1127,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC955EBF95B6D3CF967" box="[988,1058,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Empis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC9520FF95B6D40F967" box="[1080,1118,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">En.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDAFFC95243F95D6DD5F967" box="[1140,1227,1666,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95243F95D6DD5F967" box="[1140,1227,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">snoddyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges along the southern Appalachian Mountains from southern Virginia through the Great Smoky Mountains to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187606FFDAFFC9530CF9796C86F943" box="[1339,1432,1702,1727]" name="Georgia" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Adults have been collected from mid-May to early July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFDAFFCA56F0F93169EBFF29" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC956F0F93168EEF8FB" bold="true" box="[199,496,1774,1799]" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Nuptial gift presentation</emphasis>
|
||
. The mating system in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95536F92F6A07F8FB" box="[769,793,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC9551CF92F6A4CF8FB" box="[811,850,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">En.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDAFFC95553F9316AA5F8FB" box="[868,955,1774,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95553F9316AA5F8FB" box="[868,955,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">snoddyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by Sadowski
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95330F92F6C24F8FB" box="[1287,1338,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999), where males produce and present a cylindrical, empty (prey-less) balloon to females. The balloons used by
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95373F8CB6C43F8D7" box="[1348,1373,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC9535BF8CB6C8DF8D7" box="[1388,1427,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">En.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDAFFC956A0F8E969F0F8B3" box="[151,238,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC956A0F8E969F0F8B3" box="[151,238,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">snoddyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble those made by
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95420F8E76B31F8B3" box="[535,559,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95475F8E76B76F8B3" box="[578,616,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">En.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDAFFC9544CF8E96BEEF8B3" box="[635,752,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vockerothi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC9544CF8E96BEEF8B3" box="[635,752,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">vockerothi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A13FFDAFFC9551EF8E96A6AF8B3" box="[809,884,1846,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Empis (Enoplempis) species. A, B, E. vockerothi (Hocking Co., OH) male with balloon (photographs by Allen Coovert); C, swarming males of E. vockerothi with balloons shown by arrows (photograph by Allen Coovert); D, E. snoddyi (Sevier, TN) apparently in the process of forming a balloon (photograph by Thomas Bentley, copyright Thomasbentley. com); E, E. vockerothi, male; F, E. appalachicola, male; G, E. tridentata, male. Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248432/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). The production of balloons has not been observed for any species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC957E5F88368F4F88F" box="[466,490,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDAFFC957CCF8856B61F88F" box="[507,639,1882,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Enoplempis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC957CCF8856B61F88F" box="[507,639,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Enoplempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but the partially formed balloon held by the male of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC952D2F8836DE0F88F" box="[1253,1278,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95339F8836C2AF88F" box="[1294,1332,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">En.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDAFFC95372F8856C82F88F" box="[1349,1436,1882,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95372F8856C82F88F" box="[1349,1436,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">snoddyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A13FFDAFFC95683F8A16810F86B" box="[180,270,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Empis (Enoplempis) species. A, B, E. vockerothi (Hocking Co., OH) male with balloon (photographs by Allen Coovert); C, swarming males of E. vockerothi with balloons shown by arrows (photograph by Allen Coovert); D, E. snoddyi (Sevier, TN) apparently in the process of forming a balloon (photograph by Thomas Bentley, copyright Thomasbentley. com); E, E. vockerothi, male; F, E. appalachicola, male; G, E. tridentata, male. Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248432/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D appears to be being formed by the male’s mouthparts, presumably with salivary gland secretions. The photograph was taken at 1551 h in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (T. Bentley, pers. comm. 2013). Sadowski
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95739F817685FF823" box="[270,321,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999) indicated that males of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC9548CF8176BCDF823" box="[699,723,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC954D1F8176A13F823" box="[742,781,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">En.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFDAFFC95517F8196A69F823" box="[800,887,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFDAFFC95517F8196A69F823" box="[800,887,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="442">snoddyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form mating swarms over landmarks (i.e., tree stumps, bushes, rocks), for approximately three hours in the morning starting at daybreak, which are visited by females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315651DFFD9FFCA56F0FF006BC1FEBC" pageId="42" pageNumber="443" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03696FFD9FFCA56F0FF006BC1FEBC" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="42" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD9FFCA56F0FF00682AFF04" bold="true" box="[199,308,223,248]" pageId="42" pageNumber="443">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Steyskal (1969) was not able to assign
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD9FFCA553AFF3E6A38FF04" box="[781,806,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="443">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD9FFCA550EFF3E6A41FF04" box="[825,863,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="443">En.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD9FFCA5545FF006AD7FF04" box="[882,969,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Empis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snoddyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD9FFCA5545FF006AD7FF04" box="[882,969,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="443">snoddyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to subgenus using the key by Melander (1928). Despite the unmodified male hindlegs, we confidently assign this species to
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD9FFCA5208FEDA6D46FEE0" box="[1087,1112,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="443">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D15FFD9FFCA5250FEDB6DF5FEE1" box="[1127,1259,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Enoplempis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA84FFD9FFCA5250FEDB6DF5FEE1" box="[1127,1259,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="443">Enoplempis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on the basis of the ventral spine-like tarsal setae present on all legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |