196 lines
22 KiB
XML
196 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="B5841394E87C8A8B35470F3F836456B8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis & Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFF1C608FF2A6790FDABEE15" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus Hartig 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698241067433" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="27FEC7060589F95B7E2FF74AFE8215CC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="5CAA03B6BB002896A48B67B6C521AFA6">
|
|
<mods:title id="95FA256C98EF322C78186016303582C0">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="40196F4E18204D4120D49E34E7E0494C" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="64B1047E1601ED01F290CC98B0AB47E1">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="F4B0209A777D754AABCC7D4C4AFD6FCC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="01F96DE31131B450BD5C99C9BFDA343E">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="A4127F1896A9529BAD955D3C0D35B7DF" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="CC2263691D8D74FD86E9A2A163606683">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="BDEB0300B4E1DE6787494C590C600509">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="3C867300ABD4F9BFF2AFCF2FA534BF9E">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="BB07B80566B25617008E770A885AC4EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="0A647E780BF649E75931CFAC28108B05" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="0F332850E698A42C7D34B83F9E2EF0D3">
|
|
<mods:title id="03173003160B8C90BE8E0C9AE68E0DAC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="A70148CA078EF5FB27F87B6F1064A637">
|
|
<mods:date id="9497D47C3FC0512ECC9D14E031F5EC8F">2011</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="8E573F9F2E987F507F4C59181191679F" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="475B947123375E85DDAF12F245C39BEF">2774</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="9CD11E0EF835ACF8F13A16C806145677" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="A48144F2BC5768FF64D211F604DF4826">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="44FEE6796ED34729735BF3A47205F725">47</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="45564924E197516D40B71BEEB58AE928">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="E36877BAF72C44D043E06A7588615033" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276876</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="09283D97BD35CD24C62479EBD0FC71A8" type="GBIF-Dataset">a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="2A7A36BA579D50C940B0D23C105E75A4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="AE7666624BED98878EF89F403BBC4AD7" type="Zenodo-Dep">276876</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03A487F3FFF1C608FF2A6790FDABEE15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189350" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189350" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFF1C608FF2A6790FDABEE15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFF1C608FF2A6790FDABEE15" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF1C608FF2A6790FE08EAAA" box="[151,427,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF2A6790FE08EAAA" blockId="3.[151,427,151,177]" box="[151,427,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<heading id="D0FA8189FFF1C608FF2A6790FE08EAAA" bold="true" box="[151,427,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FF2A6790FE08EAAA" ID-CoL="8HRN9" authority="Hartig, 1840" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,427,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF2A6790FE08EAAA" bold="true" box="[151,427,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF2A6790FEABEAAA" bold="true" box="[151,264,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus</emphasis>
|
|
Hartig, 1840
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF1C608FF2A67D9FCECEBD5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF2A67D9FCECEBD5" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF2A67D9FEB2EAEC" bold="true" box="[151,273,222,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
|
Female antenna 14 segmented, male antenna with 15 or, rarely, 16 segments. Facial striae irradiating from the clypeus reaching the toruli and the compound eyes. Frontal carinae usually present, sometimes weak or even completely absent. Lateral pronotal carine present in most Palaearctic species, usually absent in Neotropical species. Sculpture of the mesoscutum, shape of the notauli and the scutellar foveae quite variable; lateral propodeal carinae subparallel. Radial cell of the forewing usually closed, sometimes obsoletely closed, rarely open. Metatarsal claws with a strong basal tooth, rarely simple. Metasomal terguites 2+3 usually with micropunctures on the posterior margin: sometimes inconspicuous or completely absent.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF1C608FF7A66DDFA34E941" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF7A66DDFACFE80D" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FF7A66DDFE8CEBE9" ID-CoL="8HRN9" box="[199,303,474,498]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synergus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FDA766DCFD08EBE8" box="[538,683,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FDA766DCFD08EBE8" box="[538,683,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and S
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FD4E66DCFCF8EBE8" box="[755,859,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ynophrus</emphasis>
|
|
, and doubts remain about the relationship between these three genera. Some basal
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FE4B66F8FDFFE80D" ID-CoL="8HRN9" box="[502,604,511,534]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FE4B66F8FDFFE80D" box="[502,604,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species appear to be closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FBAC66F9FACBE80D" authority="Acs et al. 2010" authorityName="Acs et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[1041,1384,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FBAC66F9FB01E80D" box="[1041,1186,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FB0D66F9FAC3E80D" author="Acs" box="[1200,1376,510,535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Acs, Z., Challis, R., Bihari, P., Penzes, Z., Blaxter, M., Hayward, A., Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., Schonrogge, K. & Stone, G. N. (2010) Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55, 210 - 225." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
Acs
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FB596507FAB6E80D" box="[1252,1301,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF7A6524FDB3E8BD" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FF7A6524FEF4E821" author="Mayr" box="[199,343,546,571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Mayr, G. (1872) Die Einmiethler der mitteleuropaischen Eichengallen. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch - Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 22, 669 - 726." type="journal article" year="1872">Mayr (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
divided the European
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FDE16524FD61E821" ID-CoL="8HRN9" box="[604,706,547,570]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FDE16524FD61E821" box="[604,706,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species into sections I and II, a classification that has been followed by most subsequent authors (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FD956541FD60E845" author="Tavares" box="[552,707,582,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Tavares, J. da S. (1920) Synergariae ou les Cynipides commensaux d'autres Cynipides dans la Peninsule Iberique. Memoires de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Naturelles, 4, 2 + 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1920">Tavares 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FD726541FC6AE845" author="Eady" box="[719,969,582,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Eady, R. D. & Quinlan, J. (1963) Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea. Key to families and subfamilies and Cynipinae (including galls). Handbooks for the identification of British Insects, 8 (1 a), 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1963">Eady & Quinlan 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FC686541FB1FE845" author="Nieves-Aldrey" box="[981,1212,582,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2001) Hymenoptera, Cynipidae. In: Ramos, M. A., Alba Tercedor, J., Belles i Ros, X., Gosalbez i Noguera, J., Guerra Sierra, A., Macpherson Mayol, E., Martin Piera, F., Serrano Marino, J. & Templado Gonzalez, J. (Eds), Fauna Iberica. Vol. 16. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, 636 pp." type="book" year="2001">Nieves-Aldrey 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FB756541FF71E899" author="Pujade-Villar" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Melika, G., Ros-Farre, P., Acs, Z. & Csoka, G. (2003) Cynipid inquilines wasps of Hungary, with taxonomic notes on the Western Palaearctic fauna (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipinae, Synergini). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 64, 121 - 170." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
|
Pujade-Villar
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FAD9654FFA3FE845" box="[1380,1436,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FF63656DFED2E899" author="Melika" box="[222,369,618,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae, Vestnik zoologii, supplement 21 (1), 1 - 300." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, recent molecular phylogenetic studies strongly indicated that this division was artificial and should not be followed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF7A65B5FA34E941" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF7A65B5FDABE8D0" bold="true" box="[199,520,690,715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diversity and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
The world fauna of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FD4365B4FCC7E8D1" ID-CoL="8HRN9" box="[766,868,691,714]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FD4365B4FCC7E8D1" box="[766,868,691,714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species were catalogued by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FB0865B5FAFFE8D1" author="Ritchie" box="[1205,1372,690,714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Ritchie, A. J. (1984) A review of the higher classification of the inquilines gall wasps (hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and a revision of the Nearctic species of Periclistus Forster. Ph. D. diss. Carleton University, Ottawa." type="book" year="1984">Ritchie (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, who listed 104 species throughout the Holarctic region.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FD6965D1FCDAE8F5" author="Gillette" box="[724,889,726,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
revised the 24 Nearctic
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FB3665D0FB52E8F5" ID-CoL="8HRN9" box="[1163,1265,727,750]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FB3665D0FB52E8F5" box="[1163,1265,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species known at that time, and an additional 29 species have been described since (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FC0F65FDFB9FE909" author="Burks" box="[946,1084,762,786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America of North of Mexico. Volume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FBEC65FDFA3FE909" author="Ritchie" box="[1105,1436,762,786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Ritchie, A. J. & Shorthouse, J. D. (1987) A review of the species of Synergus from Guatemala, with notes on Cynips guatemalensis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89 (2), 230 - 241." type="journal article" year="1987">Ritchie & Shorthouse (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
revised the species from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF1C608FE126419FD88E92D" box="[431,555,798,822]" name="Guatemala" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and new species were described from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF1C608FC596419FBF4E92D" box="[996,1111,798,822]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FBDB6419FAC7E92D" author="Diaz" box="[1126,1380,798,822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Diaz, N. B. & Gallardo, F. (1998) Synergus nicaraguensis una nueva especie de agastoparasitoide de la familia Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Revista nicaraguense de entomologia, 43, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="1998">Diaz & Gallardo 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF1C608FF2A6445FEA6E941" box="[151,261,834,858]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FEAE6445FE59E941" author="Nieves-Aldrey" box="[275,506,834,858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2005) Notes on the Neotropical species of Synergus (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae), with description of a new species from Colombia. Canadian Entomologist, 137, 501 - 508." type="journal article" year="2005">Nieves-Aldrey 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) The current estimate of the world fauna includes approximately 100 valid species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF1C608FF7A6461FDABEE15" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF7A6461FB14E9F1" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF7A6461FE84E964" bold="true" box="[199,295,870,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Biology.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FE906460FE30E965" box="[301,403,871,894]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FE906460FE30E965" box="[301,403,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species attack galls on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FD226460FD5EE965" box="[671,765,871,894]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FD226460FD5EE965" box="[671,765,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Quercus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp., with the exceptions of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FBF96460FF63E9B9" authority="Beutenmueller" authorityName="Beutenmueller" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanopsidis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FBF96460FB59E965" box="[1092,1274,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. castanopsidis</emphasis>
|
|
(Beutenmueller)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is known to attack galls of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FDEA648BFC27E9B8" box="[599,900,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanopsidis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FDEA648BFC27E9B8" box="[599,900,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dryocosmus castanopsidis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FC0E648CFB9FE9B9" box="[947,1084,907,930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FC0E648CFB9FE9B9" box="[947,1084,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp. in Oregon and California (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FF2364A9FE84E9DD" author="Burks" box="[158,295,942,966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America of North of Mexico. Volume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FE8864A9FD2BE9DD" author="Pujade-Villar" box="[309,648,942,966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Pujade-Villar, J. & Melika, G. (2005) Synergus castanopsidis (Beutenmuller, 1918) and Synergus mexicanus Gillette, 1896, two conflictive cynipid inquilines species from America (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 37, 215 - 218." type="journal article" year="2005">Pujade-Villar & Melika 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and an unnamed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FCDE64A8FC6BE9DD" box="[867,968,943,966]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FCDE64A8FC6BE9DD" box="[867,968,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF1C608FBD064A8FB0EE9DD" box="[1133,1197,943,966]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
that has been reared from galls of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FE9364D3FD17E9F1" authority="Yasumatsu" authorityName="Yasumatsu" box="[302,692,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FE9364D3FD90E9F0" box="[302,563,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dryocosmus kuriphilus</emphasis>
|
|
Yasumatsu
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on the chestnut
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FCD664D4FB11E9F1" authority="Otake et al. 1982" authorityName="Otake et al." authorityYear="1982" box="[875,1202,978,1003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FCD664D4FC76E9F1" box="[875,981,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Castanea</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF1C608FC5E64D5FB09E9F1" author="Otake" box="[995,1194,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Otake, A., Masakazu, S. & Setichi, M. (1982) A study on parasitism of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) by parasitoids indigenous to Japan. Bulletin of the Fruit Tree Research Station, Serie A, 9, 177 - 192." type="journal article" year="1982">
|
|
Otake
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FB9264D3FBC4E9F0" box="[1071,1127,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1982
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF7A64F1FDABEE15" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1038]" box="[199,520,1014,1038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
First recorded from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF1C608FE1A64F0FDA0EE15" box="[423,515,1015,1038]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |