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<document id="DCA71929F5FC4E4A90512C753742DC8A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.214977" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77ee786b-c3de-46c0-a2e8-9247decffea5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="214977" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460494379731" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sh, Hossein Rajaei, Stüning, Dieter &amp; Trusch, Robert" docDate="2012" docId="03A487B45734FF8D72A7A1D8F2F7D817" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03360p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3360" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gnopharmia sarobiana Ebert" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FF9DFFCC572CFF977230A44DF034D952" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698310700469" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="1430B2C582181CB6071665BB51571822" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2E96CBB5A9110100D3555CEB0D69B0DF">
<mods:title id="453916EFDD365AA00E2819A7F06E8F2C">Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DEA1DA33668A23CDF3DD3ED3830E19B7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="449922F9399101EE2581A890FE658DED">
<mods:roleTerm id="E192B386A855BE2E5AF592AFB2430246">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A72F4DE1340A5D3B8B12389327F759B5">Sh, Hossein Rajaei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="210B2AC568EE0FAA04874BA99BE855C0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="60115ADF79613E8ACF7951F0A79162F5">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C24E139A6E80AAEAF7A6B85CA149AC2A">Stüning, Dieter</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6951BDF4E8FB4714DA9F869CD509DE1A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CB13462ECB40F97C98178059A482F666">
<mods:roleTerm id="F85F09E5119CF89FC564230D7A129A25">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="711A7FE7ACA006E676AB6991284F647B">Trusch, Robert</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2E9DB786A111979925FDA080429D920B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F6743DCBE3705E1E7FFFC737177B85D4" type="host">
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<mods:title id="79A08BE7847377A31D6E7F6BC155F9E3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4C317843C50268C06BF0C6C6E9481C68">
<mods:date id="42FE4C59FEEC70163896EA9DC4241D41">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5A028AAC817634690CDC697315EE7A3C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8B909F253EADD733797C9BFEC6537168">3360</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BA0E23CB9E8D78398C3E5BEE1354B017">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="53570DA3B05A3CA77B5CDD6E7132BB5B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="12C744512B7A05CEBF2941001F22732D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.214977</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1B2943F71F388A6C6B92F797C3DCDB32" type="GBIF-Dataset">77ee786b-c3de-46c0-a2e8-9247decffea5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C921B1AE081EC5A0AF8DD64467CB6728" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="223A06ED3180BE6F464B6C1B531DF9E0" type="Zenodo-Dep">214977</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A487B45734FF8D72A7A1D8F2F7D817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6177450" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119520352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6177450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487B45734FF8D72A7A1D8F2F7D817" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487B45734FF8D72A7A1D8F2F7D817" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="C31765295734FF8F72A7A1D8F225DC82" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25734FF8F72A7A1D8F235DCFD" blockId="24.[151,529,1429,1488]" box="[151,513,1429,1455]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="D0FA81CE5734FF8F72A7A1D8F235DCFD" bold="true" box="[151,513,1429,1455]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F72A7A1D8F235DCFD" ID-CoL="3GNDQ" authority="Ebert" authorityName="Ebert" box="[151,513,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72A7A1D8F235DCFD" bold="true" box="[151,513,1429,1455]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72A7A1D8F186DCFD" bold="true" box="[151,434,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gnopharmia sarobiana</emphasis>
Ebert
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A25734FF8F72A7A1F5F225DC82" blockId="24.[151,529,1429,1488]" box="[151,529,1464,1488]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
(
<figureCitation id="13362A275734FF8F72AFA1F5F146DC82" box="[159,370,1464,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 30 – 34. 30" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[199,1410,232,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 30 – 34. 30: G. r u b r a r i a, colour variants from: a, Kirikkale (Central Turkey), b – c, Marasch (Maraš, E. Turkey); 31 – 32: G. s a ro b i a n a, 31: holotype, male, 32: paratype, female, 33: G. objectaria luxuriosa, holotype, male, 34: G. objectaria luxuriosa, paratype, female. a, upperside; b, under side; c, original label (except fig. 30). Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214986/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 31, 32, 33, 34</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13362A275734FF8F73A5A1F5F180DC82" box="[405,436,1464,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 39 – 40" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1886,1909]" captionTargetBox="[185,1413,227,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 39 – 40. Male genitalia and abdominal sternites. 39: G. irakensis, syntype, gen. prep: 7217, by Wehrli, SEM prep. 6 / 2009 H. R.; 40: G. sarobiana, holotype, gen. prep: 91, G. Ebert. a: genital capsule; b: aedeagus; c: distal part of aedeagus (SEM; with scale); d. sternite A 8. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214989/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">40</figureCitation>
; Map 3)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295734FF8F72A7A1B1F23ADF62" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25734FF8F72A7A1B1F23ADF62" blockId="24.[151,1437,1532,1679]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D118C5734FF8F72A7A1B1F23ADF62" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F72A7A1B1F21EDF43" ID-CoL="3GNDQ" authority="Ebert, 1965: 19" authorityName="Ebert" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,554,1532,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72A7A1B1F1B1DF40" box="[151,389,1532,1554]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gnopharmia sarobiana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10B35734FF8F73BBA1B1F21EDF43" author="Ebert" box="[395,554,1532,1554]" page="19" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535734FF8F73BBA1B1F231DF40" author="Ebert" box="[395,517,1532,1554]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 19
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 1, fig. 16; pl. 4, fig. 1.
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F710BA1B1F3ADDF40" box="[827,921,1532,1554]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
3,
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F71F0A1B0F415DF40" box="[960,1057,1533,1554]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
10 3, 7 Ƥ, SMNK (examined).
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F775AA1B0F5A8DF40" box="[1386,1436,1533,1554]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Sarobi, E.
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F73BBA257F23EDF62" box="[395,522,1562,1584]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295734FF8E7291A276F352D8D5" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25734FF8F7291A276F166DFDD" blockId="24.[151,1437,1532,1679]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7291A276F2D7DF03" authority="Wiltshire, 1967: 156" authorityName="Wiltshire" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1967" box="[161,739,1595,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="objectaria" subSpecies="luxuriosa">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7291A276F1CBDF03" box="[161,511,1595,1617]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gnopharmia objectaria luxuriosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535734FF8F7039A276F299DF03" author="Wiltshire" box="[521,685,1595,1617]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Wiltshire, E. P. (1967) Middle East Lepidoptera XX, A third contribution to the Fauna of Afghanistan. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, 26 (3), 137 - 169." type="journal article" year="1967">Wiltshire, 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 156
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 2, figs 18, 19; pl. 13, figs 51–53.
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F76B8A276F4DDDF02" bold="true" box="[1160,1257,1595,1616]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">syn. nov.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13362A275734FF8F76CBA276F5A5DF00" box="[1275,1425,1595,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 30 – 34. 30" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[199,1410,232,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 30 – 34. 30: G. r u b r a r i a, colour variants from: a, Kirikkale (Central Turkey), b – c, Marasch (Maraš, E. Turkey); 31 – 32: G. s a ro b i a n a, 31: holotype, male, 32: paratype, female, 33: G. objectaria luxuriosa, holotype, male, 34: G. objectaria luxuriosa, paratype, female. a, upperside; b, under side; c, original label (except fig. 30). Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214986/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 33 &amp; 34</figureCitation>
).
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F72F7A217F111DF22" box="[199,293,1626,1648]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
3,
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F7364A211F181DF23" box="[340,437,1628,1649]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
3/Ƥ (see material studied),
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE675734FF8F70DAA216F307DF22" box="[746,819,1627,1648]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tc3a-fmpc" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SMNK</collectionCode>
(examined).
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F71F2A211F3C0DF23" box="[962,1012,1628,1649]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Nuristan: Bashgul valley (NE.
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F72F7A234F17CDFDD" box="[199,328,1657,1679]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A25734FF8E72A7A2F5F352D8D5" blockId="24.[151,1437,1719,2033]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72A7A2F5F1F5DF82" bold="true" box="[151,449,1719,1744]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F72A7A2F5F0E6DF82" box="[151,210,1720,1744]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F73EAA2F5F2D6DF82" box="[474,738,1720,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F73EAA2F5F2D6DF82" box="[474,738,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gnopharmia sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F70C2A2F5F36EDF82" box="[754,858,1720,1744]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
3, [
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F71BDA2F5F428DF82" box="[909,1052,1720,1744]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
] ‘Sarobi,
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F76BCA2F5F4D5DF82" box="[1164,1249,1720,1744]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
|
<date id="FFB310625734FF8F76C8A2F5F547DF82" box="[1272,1395,1720,1744]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1963-03-16">16.iii.1963</date>
, O. Hammer leg., ‘Genital-Untersuchung Nr. G. 91, 3’, ‘
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F70CAA290F3B3DFA6" box="[762,903,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. s a ro b i a n a</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535734FF8F71A4A291F42DDFA6" author="Ebert" box="[916,1049,1756,1780]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
| Holotype’, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F768DA290F0FBDE4A" authority="Ebert, 1965" authorityName="Ebert" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F768DA290F57BDFA6" box="[1213,1359,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. sarobiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535734FF8F7768A291F0FBDE4A" author="Ebert" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
| det. H. R., 2009’, in
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE675734FF8F73D7A34DF20FDE4A" box="[487,571,1792,1816]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tc3a-fmpc" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SMNK</collectionCode>
.
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F7066A34CF28CDE4B" box="[598,696,1793,1817]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
Ƥ (examined), ‘[
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F71B0A34DF420DE4A" box="[896,1044,1792,1816]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
] Sarobi,
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F76B1A34DF4EDDE4A" box="[1153,1241,1792,1816]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
|
<date id="FFB310625734FF8F76C5A34DF545DE4A" box="[1269,1393,1792,1816]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1963-03-13">13.iii.1963</date>
, O. Hammer leg., ‘Genital-Untersuchung Nr. G. 83, Ƥ’, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7131A368F41CDE6E" authority="Ebert, 1965" authorityName="Ebert" authorityYear="1965" box="[769,1064,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7131A368F3A1DE6E" box="[769,917,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. sarobiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535734FF8F71AEA369F41CDE6E" author="Ebert" box="[926,1064,1828,1852]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
| Paratype’, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F768BA368F0FBDE32" authority="Ebert, 1965" authorityName="Ebert" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F768BA368F579DE6E" box="[1211,1357,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. sarobiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535734FF8F7768A369F0FBDE32" author="Ebert" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
| det. H. R., 2009’; further
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F7031A304F258DE33" box="[513,620,1865,1889]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(examined): same locality and collector, 1 3,
<date id="FFB310625734FF8F7644A305F4A4DE32" box="[1140,1168,1864,1888]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1963-03-13">13</date>
.iii.1963, GU Nr. G 9; 5 Ƥ,
<date id="FFB310625734FF8F7289A321F161DED6" box="[185,341,1900,1924]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1962-04-07" valueMax="1962-04-19" valueMin="1962-04-07">7.–19.iv.1962</date>
, GU Nr. G 101; 1 Ƥ,
<date id="FFB310625734FF8F7071A321F289DED6" box="[577,701,1900,1924]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1963-03-22">22.iii.1963</date>
, gen. prep. 905/2009 H. R., all in
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE675734FF8F7604A321F4BDDED6" box="[1076,1161,1900,1924]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tc3a-fmpc" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SMNK</collectionCode>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F76A3A321F135DEFA" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="objectaria" subSpecies="luxuriosa">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F76A3A321F135DEFA" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gnopharmia objectaria luxuriosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F7321A3DDF14DDEFA" box="[273,377,1936,1960]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
3 (examined), ‘[leg.] J. Klapperich | Bashgultal
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F719DA3DDF436DEFA" box="[941,1026,1936,1960]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
| Nuristan,
<date id="FFB310625734FF8F76BAA3DDF4D8DEFA" box="[1162,1260,1936,1960]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1953-05-06">6.5.1953</date>
| Afghanistan’, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7290A3F9F229DE9E" box="[160,541,1972,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="objectaria" subSpecies="luxuriosa">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7290A3F9F229DE9E" box="[160,541,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gnopharmia objectaria luxuriosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wiltshire, Holotype’, ‘gen. prep. 603/2009 H. R.’, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7641A3F8F5BADE9E" authority="Ebert, 1965" authorityName="Ebert" authorityYear="1965" box="[1137,1422,1972,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7641A3F8F535DE9E" box="[1137,1281,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. sarobiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535734FF8F773AA3F9F5BADE9E" author="Ebert" box="[1290,1422,1972,1996]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
| det. H. R., 2009’, in
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE675734FF8F734BA395F1E4DEA2" box="[379,464,2008,2032]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tc3a-fmpc" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SMNK</collectionCode>
.
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F73D0A394F279DEA3" box="[480,589,2009,2033]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(examined; same locality as
<typeStatus id="54B688005734FF8F71A0A395F3C1DEA2" box="[912,1013,2008,2032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but with different data and altitudes): 4 Ƥ,
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E72FEA4DAF107D9FD" box="[206,307,151,175]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-04-06">6.4.1953</date>
, 3 Ƥ, 2 3,
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E739CA4DAF224D9FD" box="[428,528,151,175]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-05-06">6.5.1953</date>
, gen. preps 597, 902 and 903/2009 H. R. and 443 Wiltshire [the latter not traced], 1 Ƥ, 1 3,
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E733BA4F1F149D986" box="[267,381,188,212]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-05-14">14.5.1953</date>
, gen. prep. 605/2009 H. R.’, 1 Ƥ,
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E7134A4F1F35DD986" box="[772,873,188,212]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-04-09">9.4.1953</date>
, 1 Ƥ,
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E719FA4F1F417D986" box="[943,1059,188,212]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-04-22">22.4.1953</date>
; 3 3, 1 Ƥ, id.
<quantity id="4CF59B475735FF8E76F8A4F1F52BD986" box="[1224,1311,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E771CA4F1F5A8D986" box="[1324,1436,188,212]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-05-19">19.5.1953</date>
‘gen. preps 601, 606 and 608/2009 H. R.’; 2 3, id.
<quantity id="4CF59B475735FF8E70ECA492F300D9A5" box="[732,820,223,247]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E7171A492F391D9A5" box="[833,933,223,247]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-05-03">3.5.1953</date>
, gen. preps 598 and 602/2009 H. R, 1 3, id.
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E72A7A549F13CD84E" box="[151,264,260,284]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-11-05">11.5.1953</date>
, gen. prep. 604, 13 id.,
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E7027A549F2BED84E" box="[535,650,260,284]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-04-30">30.4.1953</date>
, gen. prep. 607, 1 3, id.
<quantity id="4CF59B475735FF8E71AEA549F3C1D84E" box="[926,1013,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
, gen. prep. 600/2009 H. R.; 1 3, 1 Ƥ, ‘[leg.] J. Klapperich | Kutiau
<quantity id="4CF59B475735FF8E73D3A56AF20DD86D" box="[483,569,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</quantity>
| Nuristan,
<date id="FFB310625735FF8E708EA56AF314D86D" box="[702,800,295,319]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1953-05-02">2.5.1953</date>
| Afghanistan’, ‘genitalia preparation E. P. Wiltshire no. 939’; all labelled ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E7359A501F2D2D836" box="[361,742,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="objectaria" subSpecies="luxuriosa">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7359A501F2D2D836" box="[361,742,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gnopharmia objectaria luxuriosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wiltshire, Paratype’, and ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E762BA500F50CD836" authority="Ebert, 1965" authorityName="Ebert" authorityYear="1965" box="[1051,1336,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E762BA500F49FD836" box="[1051,1195,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. sarobiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535735FF8E7684A501F50CD836" author="Ebert" box="[1204,1336,332,356]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
| det. H. R., 2009’. Additional material studied: 22 3, 3 Ƥ, see appendix.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295735FF8E72F7A5DEF348DD66" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25735FF8E72F7A5DEF348DD66" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E72F7A5DEF16DD8FE" bold="true" box="[199,345,403,428]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description.</emphasis>
Wings and body (
<figureCitation id="13362A275735FF8E7004A5D9F28DD8FE" box="[564,697,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 30 – 34. 30" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[199,1410,232,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 30 – 34. 30: G. r u b r a r i a, colour variants from: a, Kirikkale (Central Turkey), b – c, Marasch (Maraš, E. Turkey); 31 – 32: G. s a ro b i a n a, 31: holotype, male, 32: paratype, female, 33: G. objectaria luxuriosa, holotype, male, 34: G. objectaria luxuriosa, paratype, female. a, upperside; b, under side; c, original label (except fig. 30). Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214986/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 31–34</figureCitation>
). Frons strongly extended, but distally without a separate central process. Free apical flagellomeres in male antennae 12 (13 by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535735FF8E7164A5FAF3EFD89D" author="Ebert" box="[852,987,439,463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
). Tibial spine long and acute. Wingspan
<quantity id="4CF59B475735FF8E72A7A591F123D8A6" box="[151,279,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">25–28 mm</quantity>
, ground colour of wings yellowish ochreous, suffused with grey and dark brown. Forewing with antemedial, medial and postmedial lines represented by a few dark grey spots, most conspicuous those on costa. Postmedial incurved in the middle, sometimes the spots connected by a narrow, reddish-brown line. Area between postmedial and the light, zigzag-shaped submarginal line dark grey, forming a centrally constricted band. Marginal area rather homogenously reddish-brown, striated dark grey, a light ochreous apical patch present, but sometimes indistinct. Hindwing with medial and postmedial lines similar, rather straight. Submarginal area like in fore wings. Under side with basal two thirds greyish-white or grey, strongly suffused with darker scales; a darker grey submarginal band without distinct borders present, a pale creamy forewing apical spot often clearly visible. Discal dots present, large and clear on under side, but also visible on upperside. Variation. Rather low in Sarobi specimens. Remnants of the ochreous yellow ground colour are more ample in the
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7673A76DF499DA6A" box="[1091,1197,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">luxuriosa</emphasis>
form. The latter also have the dark marginal bands on under side more distinct. Male genitalia and pre-genital abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13362A275735FF8E7707A709F5A4DA0E" box="[1335,1424,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 39 – 40" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1886,1909]" captionTargetBox="[185,1413,227,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 39 – 40. Male genitalia and abdominal sternites. 39: G. irakensis, syntype, gen. prep: 7217, by Wehrli, SEM prep. 6 / 2009 H. R.; 40: G. sarobiana, holotype, gen. prep: 91, G. Ebert. a: genital capsule; b: aedeagus; c: distal part of aedeagus (SEM; with scale); d. sternite A 8. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214989/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
). Sacculus not extended, tooth-like projections small, the proximal a bit larger than the distal ones. Aedeagus long (&gt; 1.5 mm), with a long coecum penis and a rather small ventral fin. Proximal subapical spines inserting dorsolaterally, consisting of at least one large spine (length up to 0.3 mm) and one or two small ones, sometimes of two or even three large spines, all of them slightly curved. Distal subapical spines always a single, short tooth, inserting ventrally near the apex, with a large gap between both groups. A tiny multiple cornutus present. Octavals of sternite A8 straight and a narrow, almost v-shaped opening between them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295735FF8D72F7A072F41CD9AF" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25735FF8E72F7A072F38CDC92" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E72F7A072F175DD0A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1087,1112]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E737AA00DF1ECDD0A" box="[330,472,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. s a ro b i a n a</emphasis>
is distinctive in its rather large size, broad and rounded wings and dark brown and grey coloration. Rarely, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E7077A028F350DD2E" box="[583,868,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" subSpecies="objectaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7077A028F350DD2E" box="[583,868,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. colchidaria objectaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E71ADA028F409DD2E" box="[925,1085,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocandaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E71ADA028F409DD2E" box="[925,1085,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. cocandaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be similar.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E76CCA028F11DDDF2" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cocandaria" subSpecies="afghanistana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E76CCA028F11DDDF2" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. cocandaria afghanistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wiltshire approaches the range of distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E716AA0C5F3FFDDF2" box="[858,971,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E716AA0C5F3FFDDF2" box="[858,971,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the North of
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325735FF8E76B1A0CAF53EDDCD" box="[1153,1290,1159,1183]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
(see map 3). However, the only known specimen of
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7062A0E1F2D0DD96" box="[594,740,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">afghanistana</emphasis>
is smaller and lighter and exhibits the ‘
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7693A0E1F512DD96" box="[1187,1318,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">maculifera’</emphasis>
-pattern of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E72A7A09DF123DDBA" box="[151,279,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocandaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E72A7A09DF123DDBA" box="[151,279,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">cocandaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see fig. 12). Male genitalia of both are rather similar, but
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E71DAA09DF45EDDBA" box="[1002,1130,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocandaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E71DAA09DF45EDDBA" box="[1002,1130,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">cocandaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a shorter and stouter aedeagus, especially a shorter coecum penis, more numerous distal subapical spines which are closer to the proximal ones and cornuti on vesica are absent in
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E70DCA155F347DC62" box="[748,883,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E70DCA155F35BDC62" box="[748,879,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocandaria">cocandaria</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The only species which has been found flying together with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E730BA171F19FDC06" box="[315,427,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E730BA171F19FDC06" box="[315,427,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E73E4A170F26CDC06" box="[468,600,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. i r a k e n s i s</emphasis>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535735FF8E70AFA171F31EDC06" author="Ebert" box="[671,810,1340,1364]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
). It can be distinguished externally by lighter ground colour, distinct dark marginal bands on under side of both wings, rounded, not conically extended frons, 18 unpectinated, distal segments in male antennae (
<quantity id="4CF59B475735FF8E7083A1C9F2D8DCCE" box="[691,748,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E70C3A1C9F350DCCE" box="[755,868,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E70C3A1C9F350DCCE" box="[755,868,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and by means of genitalia.
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7690A1C8F51FDCCE" box="[1184,1323,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. s a ro b i a n a</emphasis>
is known only from East and Northeast
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325735FF8E73D8A1E5F245DC92" box="[488,625,1448,1472]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
and N.
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325735FF8E70F9A1E5F31CDC92" box="[713,808,1448,1472]" name="Pakistan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(see map 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A25735FF8E72F7A186F3C7DE8E" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E72F7A186F1BADCB6" bold="true" box="[199,398,1483,1508]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Taxonomic note.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535735FF8E73A7A181F262DCB6" author="Ebert" box="[407,598,1484,1508]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert (1965: 19)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E70E4A180F352DCB6" box="[724,870,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E70E4A180F352DCB6" box="[724,870,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as bona species, explicitly distinguishing it from other
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E72E9A1BDF15CDF5A" box="[217,360,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E72E9A1BDF15CDF5A" box="[217,360,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens collected at Arghandab river,
<quantity id="4CF59B475735FF8E710FA1BDF3B3DF5A" box="[831,903,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
N of Kandahar (about
<quantity id="4CF59B475735FF8E76A1A1BDF4DCDF5A" box="[1169,1256,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
SW of Sarobi). The latter he named as “
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E7383A259F376DF7E" authority="Staudinger" authorityName="Staudinger" box="[435,834,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="objectaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7383A259F28BDF7E" box="[435,703,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gnopharmia objectaria</emphasis>
Staudinger
</taxonomicName>
? ssp.”. He clearly described the external differences and also the variations of male genitalia which occur in this
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E717BA275F38ADF02" box="[843,958,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="objectaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E717BA275F38ADF02" box="[843,958,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">objectaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. (and which agree with those we also found in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E730CA211F19BDF26" box="[316,431,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="objectaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E730CA211F19BDF26" box="[316,431,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">objectaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens). Indeed,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E70ABA210F31EDF26" box="[667,810,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E70ABA210F31EDF26" box="[667,810,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
looks quite different externally by size, wing-shape and coloration. By the long proximal subapical spines in male aedeagus it even seems to be more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E77B4A2CDF123DFEE" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocandaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E77B4A2CDF123DFEE" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. cocandaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E7347A2E8F2A1DFEE" box="[375,661,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" subSpecies="objectaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7347A2E8F2A1DFEE" box="[375,661,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. colchidaria objectaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the other hand, comparatively long proximal spines also rarely occur in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E72CAA285F159DFB2" box="[250,365,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="objectaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E72CAA285F159DFB2" box="[250,365,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">objectaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens and length and shape of aedeagus (long coecum penis, ventral fin almost at centre), shape of octavals and other characters (frons, tibial spines) also seem to place
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E7607A2A1F49CDE56" box="[1079,1192,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7607A2A1F49CDE56" box="[1079,1192,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E7712A2A1F5A1DE56" box="[1314,1429,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="objectaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7712A2A1F5A1DE56" box="[1314,1429,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">objectaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535735FF8E7325A35DF238DE7A" author="Wiltshire" box="[277,524,1808,1832]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Wiltshire, E. P. (1967) Middle East Lepidoptera XX, A third contribution to the Fauna of Afghanistan. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, 26 (3), 137 - 169." type="journal article" year="1967">Wiltshire (1967: 156)</bibRefCitation>
described his “
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E70F1A35DF31FDE7A" box="[705,811,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">luxuriosa</emphasis>
” as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E762BA35DF49BDE7A" box="[1051,1199,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="objectaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E762BA35DF49BDE7A" box="[1051,1199,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. objectaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We synonymised it with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E72E1A379F175DE1E" box="[209,321,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E72E1A379F175DE1E" box="[209,321,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as it surely does not represent a real geographic race. Even the
<typeStatus id="54B688005735FF8E7615A378F461DE1F" box="[1061,1109,1845,1869]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
material contains specimens rather more similar to true
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E73E7A315F27BDE22" box="[471,591,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E73E7A315F27FDE22" box="[471,587,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">sarobiana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Male genitalia are also like those of
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E763CA315F4B1DE22" box="[1036,1157,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E763CA315F4B4DE22" box="[1036,1152,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">sarobiana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
So
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7687A315F515DE22" box="[1207,1313,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">luxuriosa</emphasis>
should be considered as infrasubspecific form or variation. We were inclined to treat
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E71ECA330F458DEC6" box="[988,1132,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E71ECA330F458DEC6" box="[988,1132,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the fourth subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E72A7A3ECF102DEEA" box="[151,310,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colchidaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E72A7A3ECF102DEEA" box="[151,310,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. colchidaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than as a distinct species. Unfortunately, molecular data for
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215735FF8E7614A3EDF4A1DEEA" box="[1060,1173,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05735FF8E7614A3EDF4A1DEEA" box="[1060,1173,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sarobiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which could prove this are not yet at hand and so we have to leave this question unsolved at present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A25736FF8D72F7A4DAF41CD9AF" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,325]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05736FF8D72F7A4DAF1DDD9E2" bold="true" box="[199,489,151,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Life history and habitat.</emphasis>
Flight period from March to July. The earliest collecting-date of the material studied here is 13th of March (Sarobi), the majority of specimens were collected in May and July, and the latest record is of
<date id="FFB310625736FF8D72A7A4A8F0C1D9AF" box="[151,245,226,253]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">20th July</date>
(Paghman,
<quantity id="4CF59B475736FF8D734BA4A8F1E0D9AF" box="[379,468,229,253]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
). Early stages and host plants of larvae are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295736FF8D72F7A544F2F7D817" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25736FF8D72F7A544F2F7D817" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,325]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05736FF8D72F7A544F16DD870" bold="true" box="[199,345,265,290]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution</emphasis>
(Map 3). Most specimens are collected from Eastern and North-Eastern
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325736FF8D7692A544F51AD873" box="[1186,1326,265,289]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
. Here we report the species from
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325736FF8D73AFA560F1CAD817" box="[415,510,301,325]" name="Pakistan" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
for the first time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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